Titanium alloys, usually known as non-corrodible material, are susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in marine environment. While titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys have been extensively studied in medical applications, the influence of microorganisms, especially marine microorganisms, on their corrosion behavior has not been explored. In this work, a TiZrCu alloy with a combination of excellent mechanical, anti-corrosion, and antibacterial properties was developed by optimizing the Cu content and grain refinement. Its MIC and antibacterial mechanisms against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a representative marine microorganism, were systematically investigated. 5.5 wt% was determined as the optimal copper content. The fine-grained Ti-15Zr-5.5Cu (TZC-5.5FG) alloy maintained high MIC resistance, exhibiting a corrosion current of 5.7 ± 0.1 nA/cm2 and an antibacterial rate of 91.8 % against P. aeruginosa. The mechanism of improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the denser passive film with high TiO2 content and the lower surface potential difference ΔE. The release of Cu2+ ions, ΔE, and the generation of ROS are three major factors that contribute to the antibacterial performance of TiZrCu alloys. Compared to other available marine metals, TZC-5.5FG alloy exhibited superior comprehensive performance, including excellent mechanical properties and anti-MIC capacity, which make it a promising material for load-bearing applications in marine environment.
钛合金通常被称为非腐蚀性材料，在海洋环境中容易受到微生物腐蚀（MIC）的影响。虽然钛锆（TiZr）合金在医疗应用中得到了广泛的研究，但微生物，尤其是海洋微生物对其腐蚀行为的影响尚未得到探讨。在这项研究中，通过优化铜含量和晶粒细化，开发出了一种兼具优异机械性能、抗腐蚀性能和抗菌性能的 TiZrCu 合金。研究人员系统地考察了该合金的 MIC 值以及对具有代表性的海洋微生物铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌机制。5.5 wt% 被确定为最佳铜含量。细粒度的 Ti-15Zr-5.5Cu (TZC-5.5FG) 合金保持了较高的耐 MIC 性能，对铜绿假单胞菌的腐蚀电流为 5.7 ± 0.1 nA/cm2，抗菌率为 91.8%。耐腐蚀性能提高的机理是由于 TiO2 含量高，被动膜更致密，表面电位差 ΔE 更低。Cu2+ 离子的释放、ΔE 和 ROS 的产生是促成 TiZrCu 合金抗菌性能的三个主要因素。与其他现有的海洋金属相比，TZC-5.5FG 合金表现出更优越的综合性能，包括出色的机械性能和抗 MIC 能力，使其成为海洋环境中一种有前途的承重材料。
{"title":"A novel fine-grained TiZrCu alloy tailored for marine environment with high microbial corrosion-resistance","authors":"Jiaqi Li, Xi Ouyang, Diaofeng Li, Hang Yu, Yaozong Mao, Qing Jia, Zhiqiang Zhang, Mingxing Zhang, Chunguang Bai, Fuhui Wang, Dake Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium alloys, usually known as non-corrodible material, are susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in marine environment. While titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys have been extensively studied in medical applications, the influence of microorganisms, especially marine microorganisms, on their corrosion behavior has not been explored. In this work, a TiZrCu alloy with a combination of excellent mechanical, anti-corrosion, and antibacterial properties was developed by optimizing the Cu content and grain refinement. Its MIC and antibacterial mechanisms against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, a representative marine microorganism, were systematically investigated. 5.5 wt% was determined as the optimal copper content. The fine-grained Ti-15Zr-5.5Cu (TZC-5.5FG) alloy maintained high MIC resistance, exhibiting a corrosion current of 5.7 ± 0.1 nA/cm<sup>2</sup> and an antibacterial rate of 91.8 % against <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. The mechanism of improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the denser passive film with high TiO<sub>2</sub> content and the lower surface potential difference Δ<em>E</em>. The release of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, Δ<em>E,</em> and the generation of ROS are three major factors that contribute to the antibacterial performance of TiZrCu alloys. Compared to other available marine metals, TZC-5.5FG alloy exhibited superior comprehensive performance, including excellent mechanical properties and anti-MIC capacity, which make it a promising material for load-bearing applications in marine environment.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.072
L. Yuan, F.Y. Jiang, D. Hao, Y.Z. Yang, T.H. Chou, J.X. Zhang, J. Gan, J.L. Li, J.T. Xiong, T. Yang
Diffusion bonding (DB) with interlayers is sought-after for manufacturing high-performance turbine disks of powder metallurgy (PM) superalloys with precise and intricate inner cavity structures. Developing novel interlayer materials is challenging but crucial for enhancing bonding quality and joint properties. We designed a multi-interlayer composite bonding (MICB) method, employing sandwich-structured interlayers of “BNi2/high entropy alloy (HEA)/BNi2”, to join a PM superalloy FGH98. The MICB joint exhibited an ultrahigh shear strength of ∼1132 MPa and exceptional ductility, indicating a typical ductile fracture pattern with numerous dimples. Owing to the introduction of liquid BNi2 interlayer, initial bonding interfaces were eliminated and replaced by newborn grain boundaries (GBs), preventing brittle interfacial fracture. Due to the diffusion of Al/Ti/Ta from the base metals (BMs), massive ordered γ' nanoparticles also precipitated in the joint. Moreover, the addition of HEA foil reduced the stacking fault energy (SFE) of the joint and facilitated the formation of deformation twins (DTs). Thus, during the deformation process, the γ' nanoparticles, and multiple substructures like stacking faults (SFs), Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks, DTs, and 9R phases enhanced the work-hardening capability and strengthened the joint. Simultaneously, the multiplication and interaction of DTs induced a softening mechanism of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during the entire deformation process and dominated when the plastic instability occurred, resulting in numerous adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) consisting of γ/γ' nano-bands, which indicates a significant improvement of the joint ductility.
{"title":"Ultrastrong and ductile superalloy joints bonded with a novel composite interlayer modified by high entropy alloy","authors":"L. Yuan, F.Y. Jiang, D. Hao, Y.Z. Yang, T.H. Chou, J.X. Zhang, J. Gan, J.L. Li, J.T. Xiong, T. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.072","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion bonding (DB) with interlayers is sought-after for manufacturing high-performance turbine disks of powder metallurgy (PM) superalloys with precise and intricate inner cavity structures. Developing novel interlayer materials is challenging but crucial for enhancing bonding quality and joint properties. We designed a multi-interlayer composite bonding (MICB) method, employing sandwich-structured interlayers of “BNi2/high entropy alloy (HEA)/BNi2”, to join a PM superalloy FGH98. The MICB joint exhibited an ultrahigh shear strength of ∼1132 MPa and exceptional ductility, indicating a typical ductile fracture pattern with numerous dimples. Owing to the introduction of liquid BNi2 interlayer, initial bonding interfaces were eliminated and replaced by newborn grain boundaries (GBs), preventing brittle interfacial fracture. Due to the diffusion of Al/Ti/Ta from the base metals (BMs), massive ordered γ' nanoparticles also precipitated in the joint. Moreover, the addition of HEA foil reduced the stacking fault energy (SFE) of the joint and facilitated the formation of deformation twins (DTs). Thus, during the deformation process, the γ' nanoparticles, and multiple substructures like stacking faults (SFs), Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks, DTs, and 9R phases enhanced the work-hardening capability and strengthened the joint. Simultaneously, the multiplication and interaction of DTs induced a softening mechanism of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during the entire deformation process and dominated when the plastic instability occurred, resulting in numerous adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) consisting of γ/γ' nano-bands, which indicates a significant improvement of the joint ductility.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.017
Shengqian Liang, Min Ma, Zheng Zheng, Jiahang Song, Yijian Zhou, Enzhou Liu, Haixia Ma, Bing Wang, Bo Zhou, Yan Nie, Zhuo Li
For the efficient harnessing of solar energy and mitigation of environmental pollution, the development and application of semiconductor photocatalysis technology is paramount. Herein, a novel SubPc-Br/CdS supramolecular array with an S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized through the intermolecular π-stacked self-assembly of subphthalocyanine (SubPc-Br) and nanometer cadmium sulfide (CdS). This self-assembly system features a highly structured architecture and excellent stability. Experiments and ground-state differential charge calculations demonstrate that SubPc-Br and CdS form a built-in electric field during the self-assembly process, a critical factor in promoting the dissociation of electrons and holes. Additionally, this study utilized time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to simulate the dynamic adsorption behavior of excited oxygen molecules on the SubPc-Br/CdS interface for the first time. The analysis of molecular charge differential density under different excited states proved that the addition of SubPc-Br molecules not only improves the photocorrosion resistance of CdS in an O2 adsorption environment but also enhances the production of advanced reactive oxygen species under the synergistic action of h+ and ·O2–. When subjected to visible light, the degradation efficiency of minocycline (MC) achieved 96.8% within 60 min and maintained 80.3% after 5 cycles. In summary, this study highlights the feasibility of creating advanced S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts through the strategic incorporation of organic supramolecules with semiconductor catalysts.
{"title":"Pioneering SubPc-Br/CdS S-scheme heterojunctions: Achieving superior photocatalytic oxidation through enhanced radical synergy and photocorrosion mitigation","authors":"Shengqian Liang, Min Ma, Zheng Zheng, Jiahang Song, Yijian Zhou, Enzhou Liu, Haixia Ma, Bing Wang, Bo Zhou, Yan Nie, Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"For the efficient harnessing of solar energy and mitigation of environmental pollution, the development and application of semiconductor photocatalysis technology is paramount. Herein, a novel SubPc-Br/CdS supramolecular array with an S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized through the intermolecular π-stacked self-assembly of subphthalocyanine (SubPc-Br) and nanometer cadmium sulfide (CdS). This self-assembly system features a highly structured architecture and excellent stability. Experiments and ground-state differential charge calculations demonstrate that SubPc-Br and CdS form a built-in electric field during the self-assembly process, a critical factor in promoting the dissociation of electrons and holes. Additionally, this study utilized time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to simulate the dynamic adsorption behavior of excited oxygen molecules on the SubPc-Br/CdS interface for the first time. The analysis of molecular charge differential density under different excited states proved that the addition of SubPc-Br molecules not only improves the photocorrosion resistance of CdS in an O<sub>2</sub> adsorption environment but also enhances the production of advanced reactive oxygen species under the synergistic action of h<sup>+</sup> and ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>. When subjected to visible light, the degradation efficiency of minocycline (MC) achieved 96.8% within 60 min and maintained 80.3% after 5 cycles. In summary, this study highlights the feasibility of creating advanced S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts through the strategic incorporation of organic supramolecules with semiconductor catalysts.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilizing nanotechnology and composites to create a protective film on titanium alloy is an effective means of achieving the desired high performance. Self-assembly of nanocomposite structures offers a promising route to forming high entropy alloy films (HEAFs), but controlled preparation remains challenging. This work used magnetron sputtering through adjusting preparation parameters to prepare ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs, achieving a significant improvement in corrosion resistance and biocompatibility induced by the precipitation of Cu. According to the electrochemical corrosion test, without obvious corrosion pits on the surface of S2 after corrosion, a passivation film composed of bimetallic oxide CuCrO2 formed on the film surface, indicating that ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs have remarkable corrosion resistance performance. In the cytocompatibility experiment, the cell viability of HEAFs reached over 95 % due to the precipitation of Cu, suggesting their excellent biocompatibility. In addition, ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs exhibit outstanding antibacterial ability, especially when the sputtering current is 0.6 A, and the in vitro antibacterial rate of the sample against Escherichia coli is close to 99 %.
利用纳米技术和复合材料在钛合金上形成保护膜是实现所需的高性能的有效手段。纳米复合材料结构的自组装为形成高熵合金薄膜（HEAF）提供了一条前景广阔的途径，但可控制备仍具有挑战性。本研究通过调整制备参数，利用磁控溅射技术制备了 ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs，通过 Cu 的析出显著提高了其耐腐蚀性和生物相容性。电化学腐蚀实验表明，腐蚀后的 S2 表面无明显腐蚀坑，薄膜表面形成了由双金属氧化物 CuCrO2 组成的钝化膜，表明 ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs 具有显著的耐腐蚀性能。在细胞相容性实验中，由于 Cu 的沉淀，HEAFs 的细胞存活率达到 95% 以上，表明其具有良好的生物相容性。此外，ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs 还具有出色的抗菌能力，尤其是当溅射电流为 0.6 A 时，样品对大肠杆菌的体外抗菌率接近 99%。
{"title":"A significant improvement in corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in ZrNbTiCrCu high-entropy films induced by the precipitation of Cu","authors":"Xiaofei Ma, Ping Ren, Shangzhou Zhang, Xiaochun He, Yang Li, Xuelei Yin, Huanyu Li, Shizeng Dang, Daliang Yu, Jianxun Qiu, Xin Zhou, Bing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"Utilizing nanotechnology and composites to create a protective film on titanium alloy is an effective means of achieving the desired high performance. Self-assembly of nanocomposite structures offers a promising route to forming high entropy alloy films (HEAFs), but controlled preparation remains challenging. This work used magnetron sputtering through adjusting preparation parameters to prepare ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs, achieving a significant improvement in corrosion resistance and biocompatibility induced by the precipitation of Cu. According to the electrochemical corrosion test, without obvious corrosion pits on the surface of S2 after corrosion, a passivation film composed of bimetallic oxide CuCrO<sub>2</sub> formed on the film surface, indicating that ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs have remarkable corrosion resistance performance. In the cytocompatibility experiment, the cell viability of HEAFs reached over 95 % due to the precipitation of Cu, suggesting their excellent biocompatibility. In addition, ZrNbTiCrCu HEAFs exhibit outstanding antibacterial ability, especially when the sputtering current is 0.6 A, and the in vitro antibacterial rate of the sample against Escherichia coli is close to 99 %.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.001
Jia Zeng, Jiaqi Li, Jingya Wang, Kai Chen, Zhao Shen
This study investigates the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of a Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing. The results reveal that SCC susceptibility increases as the strain rate decreases, with hydrogen embrittlement (HE) becoming more dominant at lower strain rates, leading to brittle fracture. Anodic dissolution (AD) plays a more significant role at higher strain rates, resulting in mixed fracture modes. Additionally, the mechanical properties and SCC resistance are strongly influenced by the sample orientation. TD-oriented samples show higher SCC susceptibility than RD-oriented ones due to the alignment of Gd- and Y-rich precipitates and grain boundaries, which act as initiation sites for SCC. These precipitates form micro-galvanic couples with the Mg matrix, accelerating localized corrosion and HE. The findings provide insights into the SCC mechanisms of VW83 alloy and highlight the importance of optimizing microstructure and processing conditions to improve its corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Anisotropic stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy","authors":"Jia Zeng, Jiaqi Li, Jingya Wang, Kai Chen, Zhao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of a Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing. The results reveal that SCC susceptibility increases as the strain rate decreases, with hydrogen embrittlement (HE) becoming more dominant at lower strain rates, leading to brittle fracture. Anodic dissolution (AD) plays a more significant role at higher strain rates, resulting in mixed fracture modes. Additionally, the mechanical properties and SCC resistance are strongly influenced by the sample orientation. TD-oriented samples show higher SCC susceptibility than RD-oriented ones due to the alignment of Gd- and Y-rich precipitates and grain boundaries, which act as initiation sites for SCC. These precipitates form micro-galvanic couples with the Mg matrix, accelerating localized corrosion and HE. The findings provide insights into the SCC mechanisms of VW83 alloy and highlight the importance of optimizing microstructure and processing conditions to improve its corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.019
Chengjuan Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Haotian Jiang, Yanqiu Feng, Deli Yang, Chengguo Wang
The novel fabrication of multiple components and unique heterostructure can inject infinite vitality into the electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation field. Herein, through the self-assembly of polyimide complexes and catalytic chemical vapor deposition, porous carbon microflowers were synthesized accompanied by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By regulating the metal ions, the composition and structure of the as-obtained hybrids are modified correspondingly, and thus the adjustable thermal management and EMW absorption capabilities are obtained. In detail, the rich pores and huge specific surface area endow the hierarchical structures with distinguished thermal insulation ability (λ<0.07). The carbon framework and CNTs are beneficial for consuming EMWs via conductive loss and defect polarization loss while reducing the filling ratio and thickness. The doped heteroatoms and abundant heterointerfaces generate ample dipole polarization and interface polarization losses (supported by DFT calculation). The metal nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the carbon framework offer optimized impedance matching, proper defect polarization, and suitable magnetic loss. Accordingly, the synergy of magnetic-dielectric balance and flower-like superstructure enables FNCFN2 and NNCFN2 to accomplish remarkable microwave absorbing capacity with thin thickness (14 wt.%). Therefore, respectable specific reflection loss and specific effective absorption bandwidth are acquired (215.39 dB mm–1 and 22.10 GHz mm–1, 257.23 dB mm–1 and 22.12 GHz mm–1 respectively), superior to those of certain renowned carbon-based absorbers. The simulation results of electric field intensity distributions, power loss density, and radar cross section reduction (maximum value of 36.02 dBm2) also verify the prominent radar stealth capability. Moreover, the customizable approach can be applied to other metals to obtain fulfilling behaviors. Henceforth, this work provides profound insights into the relationship between structure and performance, and proposes an efficient path for mass-producing multifunctional and high-performance EMW absorbers with excellent thermal properties.
{"title":"A facile strategy for customizing multifunctional magnetic‑dielectric carbon microflower superstructures deposited with carbon nanotubes","authors":"Chengjuan Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Haotian Jiang, Yanqiu Feng, Deli Yang, Chengguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"The novel fabrication of multiple components and unique heterostructure can inject infinite vitality into the electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation field. Herein, through the self-assembly of polyimide complexes and catalytic chemical vapor deposition, porous carbon microflowers were synthesized accompanied by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By regulating the metal ions, the composition and structure of the as-obtained hybrids are modified correspondingly, and thus the adjustable thermal management and EMW absorption capabilities are obtained. In detail, the rich pores and huge specific surface area endow the hierarchical structures with distinguished thermal insulation ability (<em>λ</em><0.07). The carbon framework and CNTs are beneficial for consuming EMWs via conductive loss and defect polarization loss while reducing the filling ratio and thickness. The doped heteroatoms and abundant heterointerfaces generate ample dipole polarization and interface polarization losses (supported by DFT calculation). The metal nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the carbon framework offer optimized impedance matching, proper defect polarization, and suitable magnetic loss. Accordingly, the synergy of magnetic-dielectric balance and flower-like superstructure enables FNCFN2 and NNCFN2 to accomplish remarkable microwave absorbing capacity with thin thickness (14 wt.%). Therefore, respectable specific reflection loss and specific effective absorption bandwidth are acquired (215.39 dB mm<sup>–1</sup> and 22.10 GHz mm<sup>–1</sup>, 257.23 dB mm<sup>–1</sup> and 22.12 GHz mm<sup>–1</sup> respectively), superior to those of certain renowned carbon-based absorbers. The simulation results of electric field intensity distributions, power loss density, and radar cross section reduction (maximum value of 36.02 dBm<sup>2</sup>) also verify the prominent radar stealth capability. Moreover, the customizable approach can be applied to other metals to obtain fulfilling behaviors. Henceforth, this work provides profound insights into the relationship between structure and performance, and proposes an efficient path for mass-producing multifunctional and high-performance EMW absorbers with excellent thermal properties.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.073
Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen, Seonghan Kim, Bo-Seok Kim, Sejung Kim, Soo-Hyoung Lee
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly successful conductive polymer utilized as an electrode material in energy storage units for portable and wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, employing PEDOT:PSS in supercapacitors (SC) in its pristine state presents challenges due to its suboptimal electrochemical performance and operational instability. To surmount these limitations, PEDOT:PSS has been integrated with carbon-based materials to form flexible electrodes, which exhibit physical and chemical stability during SC operation. We developed a streamlined fabrication process for high-performance SC electrodes composed of PEDOT:PSS and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The CQDs were synthesized under microwave irradiation, yielding green- and red-light emissions. Through optimizing the ratios of CQDs to PEDOT:PSS, the SC electrodes were prepared using a spray-coating technique, marking a significant improvement in device performance with a high volumetric capacitance (104.10 F cm−3), impressive energy density (19.68 Wh cm−3), and excellent cyclic stability, retaining ∼85% of its original volumetric capacitance after 15,000 repeated GCD cycles. Moreover, the SCs, when utilized as a flexible substrate, demonstrated the ability to maintain up to ∼85% of their electrochemical performance even after 3,000 bending cycles (at a bending angle of 60°). These attributes render this hybrid composite an ideal candidate for a lightweight smart energy storage component in portable and wearable electronic technologies.
{"title":"High volumetric-energy-density flexible supercapacitors based on PEDOT:PSS incorporated with carbon quantum dots hybrid electrodes","authors":"Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen, Seonghan Kim, Bo-Seok Kim, Sejung Kim, Soo-Hyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.073","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly successful conductive polymer utilized as an electrode material in energy storage units for portable and wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, employing PEDOT:PSS in supercapacitors (SC) in its pristine state presents challenges due to its suboptimal electrochemical performance and operational instability. To surmount these limitations, PEDOT:PSS has been integrated with carbon-based materials to form flexible electrodes, which exhibit physical and chemical stability during SC operation. We developed a streamlined fabrication process for high-performance SC electrodes composed of PEDOT:PSS and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The CQDs were synthesized under microwave irradiation, yielding green- and red-light emissions. Through optimizing the ratios of CQDs to PEDOT:PSS, the SC electrodes were prepared using a spray-coating technique, marking a significant improvement in device performance with a high volumetric capacitance (104.10 F cm<sup>−3</sup>), impressive energy density (19.68 Wh cm<sup>−3</sup>), and excellent cyclic stability, retaining ∼85% of its original volumetric capacitance after 15,000 repeated GCD cycles. Moreover, the SCs, when utilized as a flexible substrate, demonstrated the ability to maintain up to ∼85% of their electrochemical performance even after 3,000 bending cycles (at a bending angle of 60°). These attributes render this hybrid composite an ideal candidate for a lightweight smart energy storage component in portable and wearable electronic technologies.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.010
Ningning Dan, Yao Yang, Tao Ying, Xiaoqin Zeng
Although hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered to be the main cathodic reaction of Mg corrosion, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been recently confirmed to be a secondary cathodic reaction. The factors affecting ORR of magnesium (Mg) alloys are still unclear, especially in cases under thin electrolyte layers (TEL). In this work, the influence of the corrosion product films on the cathodic reactions of Mg alloys under TEL and in a bulk solution was investigated. ORR does not influence the hydrogen evolution rates in the corrosion of Mg alloys. Therefore, with the existence of oxygen, corrosion rates of Mg alloys measured by hydrogen evolution tests are not accurate under TEL. And weight loss test is a more accurate method to evaluate Mg corrosion rates under TEL. ORR was confirmed to participate in the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys under TEL. In 100-μm TEL, the highest contribution of ORR in cathodic reactions for the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys are 28.6%, 39.1%, and 35.8%, respectively. The more protective film on Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr alloy provides a stronger inhibition effect against the diffusion of oxygen, leading to decreased ORR contribution in cathodic reactions. In addition, it is suggested that the preparation of Mg alloys with protective corrosion product films can inhibit the corrosion induced by ORR in the atmosphere. This work emphasizes the effects of corrosion product films on ORR in Mg corrosion, especially under TEL.
尽管氢进化反应（HER）被认为是镁腐蚀的主要阴极反应，但最近已证实氧还原反应（ORR）是次要的阴极反应。影响镁（Mg）合金氧还原反应的因素尚不清楚，尤其是在电解质层较薄（TEL）的情况下。在这项工作中，研究了腐蚀产物膜对镁合金在薄膜电解质层下和大体积溶液中阴极反应的影响。ORR 不会影响镁合金腐蚀过程中的氢演化率。因此，由于氧气的存在，在 TEL 下通过氢演化试验测量的镁合金腐蚀速率并不准确。而失重试验是评估镁合金在 TEL 下腐蚀速率的一种更准确的方法。经证实，ORR 参与了 Mg-4Nd-0.4Zr、Mg-4Nd 和 Mg-0.4Zr 合金在 TEL 下的腐蚀。在 100μm TEL 中，ORR 在 Mg-4Nd-0.4Zr、Mg-4Nd 和 Mg-0.4Zr 合金腐蚀的阴极反应中的贡献率最高，分别为 28.6%、39.1% 和 35.8%。Mg-4Nd-0.4Zr 合金上的保护膜对氧气的扩散具有更强的抑制作用，从而降低了阴极反应中的 ORR 贡献。此外，研究还表明，制备具有腐蚀产物保护膜的镁合金可以抑制大气中 ORR 引起的腐蚀。这项研究强调了腐蚀产物膜对镁腐蚀中 ORR 的影响，尤其是在 TEL 条件下。
{"title":"Unveiling the interaction between corrosion products and oxygen reduction on the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr alloy under thin electrolyte layers","authors":"Ningning Dan, Yao Yang, Tao Ying, Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Although hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered to be the main cathodic reaction of Mg corrosion, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been recently confirmed to be a secondary cathodic reaction. The factors affecting ORR of magnesium (Mg) alloys are still unclear, especially in cases under thin electrolyte layers (TEL). In this work, the influence of the corrosion product films on the cathodic reactions of Mg alloys under TEL and in a bulk solution was investigated. ORR does not influence the hydrogen evolution rates in the corrosion of Mg alloys. Therefore, with the existence of oxygen, corrosion rates of Mg alloys measured by hydrogen evolution tests are not accurate under TEL. And weight loss test is a more accurate method to evaluate Mg corrosion rates under TEL. ORR was confirmed to participate in the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys under TEL. In 100-μm TEL, the highest contribution of ORR in cathodic reactions for the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys are 28.6%, 39.1%, and 35.8%, respectively. The more protective film on Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr alloy provides a stronger inhibition effect against the diffusion of oxygen, leading to decreased ORR contribution in cathodic reactions. In addition, it is suggested that the preparation of Mg alloys with protective corrosion product films can inhibit the corrosion induced by ORR in the atmosphere. This work emphasizes the effects of corrosion product films on ORR in <span><span>Mg corrosion</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, especially under TEL.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isotropic pyrolytic carbon (IPC) is renowned for its robust mechanical, biological, and tribological properties. However, the current mechanisms for modulating IPC microstructure are insufficient to achieve higher performance. Herein, this study provides nanoscale insights into the formation and property regulation of the core–shell structure of the IPC, integrating simulation and experimental approaches. Large-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the microstructural evolution and assembly processes from precursors to nanoparticles and intertwined graphene networks. Simulation process characterization enable versatile adjustment of IPC microstructural features and one-step deposition of hybrid structures with disordered cores and ordered shell layers. Compared to Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) with laminated graphene arrangement, the prepared hybrid structure enables rapid assembly of large-size standalone carbon components. Moreover, the hybrid architecture effectively improves the core–shell phase connection and significantly increases the interfacial shear stress within the intertwined graphene shell layers. Consequently, it greatly improves load transfer efficiency and enhances crack-bridging toughening effect. The endeavor to establish precise microstructure formation and property regulation in IPC materials promises to steer high-performance carbon materials toward distinct developmental trajectories.
{"title":"Nanoscale insights in core–shell structure formation and property regulation of isotropic pyrolytic carbon materials","authors":"Caixiang Xiao, Fei Zhao, Xu Yang, Yuanxiao Zhao, Qiang Song, Qingliang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"Isotropic pyrolytic carbon (IPC) is renowned for its robust mechanical, biological, and tribological properties. However, the current mechanisms for modulating IPC microstructure are insufficient to achieve higher performance. Herein, this study provides nanoscale insights into the formation and property regulation of the core–shell structure of the IPC, integrating simulation and experimental approaches. Large-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the microstructural evolution and assembly processes from precursors to nanoparticles and intertwined graphene networks. Simulation process characterization enable versatile adjustment of IPC microstructural features and one-step deposition of hybrid structures with disordered cores and ordered shell layers. Compared to Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) with laminated graphene arrangement, the prepared hybrid structure enables rapid assembly of large-size standalone carbon components. Moreover, the hybrid architecture effectively improves the core–shell phase connection and significantly increases the interfacial shear stress within the intertwined graphene shell layers. Consequently, it greatly improves load transfer efficiency and enhances crack-bridging toughening effect. The endeavor to establish precise microstructure formation and property regulation in IPC materials promises to steer high-performance carbon materials toward distinct developmental trajectories.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.071
Zhenxin Zhao, Zonglin Yi, Rong Niu, Jiajun Chen, Rajesh Pathak, Yongzhen Wang, Jeffrey W Elam, Xiaomin Wang
While neutral aqueous metal batteries, featuring cost-effectiveness and non-flammability, hold significant potential for large-scale energy storage, their practical application is hampered by the limited specific capacity of cathode materials (less than 500 mAh g−1). Herein, capacity-oriented CoS2 and rate-optimized Co9S8 cathodes are developed based on the aqueous copper ion system. The charge-storage mechanism is systematically investigated through a series of ex-situ tests and density functional theory calculations, focusing on the reversible transitions of Co9S8→Cu7S4→Cu9S5/Cu1.8S and CoS2→Cu7S4→Cu2S, which are associated with the redox reactions of Cu2+/Cu+‖Co2+/Co and Cu2+/Cu+‖S22−/S2−, respectively. The electrochemical results show that CoS2 can exhibit a superior capacity of 619 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 400 cycles, while Co9S8 maintains an outstanding rate performance of 497 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 (the retention rate is 95% compared to 521 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). As a proof of concept, an advanced CoS2//Zn hybrid aqueous battery demonstrates a working voltage of 1.20 V and a specific energy of 663 Wh kgcathode−1. This work provides an alternative direction for developing sulfide cathodes in energetic aqueous metal batteries.
中性水溶液金属电池具有成本效益高、不易燃等特点，在大规模储能方面具有巨大潜力，但其实际应用却受到阴极材料比容量有限（小于 500 mAh g-1）的阻碍。本文基于水性铜离子体系开发了容量导向型 CoS2 和速率优化型 Co9S8 阴极。通过一系列原位测试和密度泛函理论计算，重点研究了 Co9S8→Cu7S4→Cu9S5/Cu1.8S 和 CoS2→Cu7S4→Cu2S 的电荷存储机理，这些机理分别与 Cu2+/Cu+‖Co2+/Co 和 Cu2+/Cu+‖S22-/S2- 的氧化还原反应有关。电化学结果表明，CoS2 在 1 A g-1 循环 400 次后可显示出 619 mAh g-1 的超强容量，而 Co9S8 在 10 A g-1 循环时可保持 497 mAh g-1 的出色速率性能（与 1 A g-1 循环时的 521 mAh g-1 相比，保持率为 95%）。作为概念验证，先进的 CoS2//Zn 混合水电池的工作电压为 1.20 V，比能量为 663 Wh kgcathode-1。这项研究为在高能水性金属电池中开发硫化物阴极提供了另一个方向。
{"title":"Deciphering the multi-electron redox chemistry of metal-sulfide electrode toward advanced aqueous Cu ion storage","authors":"Zhenxin Zhao, Zonglin Yi, Rong Niu, Jiajun Chen, Rajesh Pathak, Yongzhen Wang, Jeffrey W Elam, Xiaomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.071","url":null,"abstract":"While neutral aqueous metal batteries, featuring cost-effectiveness and non-flammability, hold significant potential for large-scale energy storage, their practical application is hampered by the limited specific capacity of cathode materials (less than 500 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). Herein, capacity-oriented CoS<sub>2</sub> and rate-optimized Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> cathodes are developed based on the aqueous copper ion system. The charge-storage mechanism is systematically investigated through a series of ex-situ tests and density functional theory calculations, focusing on the reversible transitions of Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>→Cu<sub>7</sub>S<sub>4</sub>→Cu<sub>9</sub>S<sub>5</sub>/Cu<sub>1.8</sub>S and CoS<sub>2</sub>→Cu<sub>7</sub>S<sub>4</sub>→Cu<sub>2</sub>S, which are associated with the redox reactions of Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup>‖Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co and Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup>‖S<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>/S<sup>2−</sup>, respectively. The electrochemical results show that CoS<sub>2</sub> can exhibit a superior capacity of 619 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> after 400 cycles, while Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> maintains an outstanding rate performance of 497 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> (the retention rate is 95% compared to 521 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>). As a proof of concept, an advanced CoS<sub>2</sub>//Zn hybrid aqueous battery demonstrates a working voltage of 1.20 V and a specific energy of 663 Wh kg<sub>cathode</sub><sup>−1</sup>. This work provides an alternative direction for developing sulfide cathodes in energetic aqueous metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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