Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.009
Yanjie Peng, Jianping Liang, Luyan Sun, Qingchun Zhu, Xiaojun Liang, Yingmin Hao, Jie Li, Huigai Li
The precipitation of titanium oxides and nitrides during steel solidification plays a critical role in microstructure control, yet their accurate prediction remains a long-standing challenge. While classical models such as the Goto and Goto + precipitation consumption (GPC) model approaches have provided valuable insights into solute microsegregation and inclusion formation, they are typically applied to single-type predictions and therefore leave room for further improvement in describing the concurrent evolution of multiple Ti-bearing phases. To advance this understanding, this study developed an Optimized Coupled Prediction (OCP) model that integrated solute microsegregation, thermodynamics-driven competitive precipitation, and diffusion-controlled growth. By incorporating a Gibbs free energy-based competition module, the model quantitatively predicts the coexistence and transformation of Ti3O5 oxides and Ti2O3–TiN complex inclusions under varying metallurgical conditions. Validation against scanning/transmission electron microscopy and literature data demonstrated that the OCP model successfully reproduced observed inclusion morphologies and achieved higher accuracy in size prediction, with the lowest root mean square error (0.478 μm) and the highest statistical consistency (Wilcoxon p=0.569) among compared models. This work established a more comprehensive framework for understanding multiphase inclusion evolution, offering both theoretical insight and practical guidance for inclusion engineering in advanced steelmaking.
{"title":"An optimized coupled prediction model of inclusion precipitation and growth for Ti-containing steel","authors":"Yanjie Peng, Jianping Liang, Luyan Sun, Qingchun Zhu, Xiaojun Liang, Yingmin Hao, Jie Li, Huigai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"The precipitation of titanium oxides and nitrides during steel solidification plays a critical role in microstructure control, yet their accurate prediction remains a long-standing challenge. While classical models such as the Goto and Goto + precipitation consumption (GPC) model approaches have provided valuable insights into solute microsegregation and inclusion formation, they are typically applied to single-type predictions and therefore leave room for further improvement in describing the concurrent evolution of multiple Ti-bearing phases. To advance this understanding, this study developed an Optimized Coupled Prediction (OCP) model that integrated solute microsegregation, thermodynamics-driven competitive precipitation, and diffusion-controlled growth. By incorporating a Gibbs free energy-based competition module, the model quantitatively predicts the coexistence and transformation of Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> oxides and Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiN complex inclusions under varying metallurgical conditions. Validation against scanning/transmission electron microscopy and literature data demonstrated that the OCP model successfully reproduced observed inclusion morphologies and achieved higher accuracy in size prediction, with the lowest root mean square error (0.478 μm) and the highest statistical consistency (Wilcoxon <em>p</em>=0.569) among compared models. This work established a more comprehensive framework for understanding multiphase inclusion evolution, offering both theoretical insight and practical guidance for inclusion engineering in advanced steelmaking.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.054
Kuo Yin, Siliang He, Yihang Li, Song Lu, Longfei Li, Yunsong Zhao
Thermal fatigue seriously threatens the service safety of single crystal (SX) guiding vanes, and crack initiation is a key factor affecting the thermal fatigue behavior of nickel-based SX superalloys. However, the factors affecting the internal crack initiation during thermal fatigue remain unclear. This work investigated the evolution of micropores and microstructure as well as the crack initiation of a second-generation nickel-based SX superalloy during thermal fatigue under 25°C ↔ 1100°C. The significant changes in micropores and the formation of recrystallization (RX) at the micropores were discovered during thermal fatigue. The results indicated that the size and volume fraction of micropores were increased while their sphericity was decreased with increasing fatigue cycles. Meanwhile, the stress concentration at the micropores intensified local plastic deformation and promoted the multiplication and movement of dislocations. Dislocations accumulated at the γ/γ′ interfaces, sheared into the γ′ phase, and contributed to the formation of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). These LAGBs were subsequently transformed into high-angle grain boundaries through continuous absorption of dislocations and crystal rotation, resulting in the development of RX at the micropores. The size and quantity of recrystallized grains were enlarged with increasing fatigue cycles, thereby promoting the initiation of microcracks from the RX zone at the micropores after 1000 cycles. Based on these findings, this work will be helpful for enhancing the understanding of the microcrack initiation in nickel-based SX superalloys during thermal fatigue and providing a reference for improving the service safety of guiding vanes.
{"title":"Initiation of microcracks at internal micropores during thermal fatigue of a second-generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy","authors":"Kuo Yin, Siliang He, Yihang Li, Song Lu, Longfei Li, Yunsong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.054","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal fatigue seriously threatens the service safety of single crystal (SX) guiding vanes, and crack initiation is a key factor affecting the thermal fatigue behavior of nickel-based SX superalloys. However, the factors affecting the internal crack initiation during thermal fatigue remain unclear. This work investigated the evolution of micropores and microstructure as well as the crack initiation of a second-generation nickel-based SX superalloy during thermal fatigue under 25°C ↔ 1100°C. The significant changes in micropores and the formation of recrystallization (RX) at the micropores were discovered during thermal fatigue. The results indicated that the size and volume fraction of micropores were increased while their sphericity was decreased with increasing fatigue cycles. Meanwhile, the stress concentration at the micropores intensified local plastic deformation and promoted the multiplication and movement of dislocations. Dislocations accumulated at the γ/γ′ interfaces, sheared into the γ′ phase, and contributed to the formation of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). These LAGBs were subsequently transformed into high-angle grain boundaries through continuous absorption of dislocations and crystal rotation, resulting in the development of RX at the micropores. The size and quantity of recrystallized grains were enlarged with increasing fatigue cycles, thereby promoting the initiation of microcracks from the RX zone at the micropores after 1000 cycles. Based on these findings, this work will be helpful for enhancing the understanding of the microcrack initiation in nickel-based SX superalloys during thermal fatigue and providing a reference for improving the service safety of guiding vanes.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, large apparent strain resulting from bending deformation in thin piezoelectric ceramics has attracted significant attention. However, whether oxygen vacancies or defect dipoles contributes to such macroscopic deformation remains controversial. In this study, bending deformation in (Na0.81K0.19)0.5Bi0.5Nb0.01Ti0.99O3 ceramics is investigated, and the underlying microscopic mechanisms are clarified. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates a gradient distribution of oxygen vacancy concentration across both the thickness and radial directions of the ceramic. And piezoresponse force microscopy confirms that the top and bottom surfaces of the sample exhibit different domain mobility. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the oxygen vacancy concentration gradient along the thickness direction plays a decisive role in inducing the bending deformation. Based on these findings, a mechanism for bending deformation is proposed. The gradient in oxygen vacancy concentration along the thickness direction of the ceramic induces spatially non-uniform domain switching during polarization, leading to differential contraction between the top and bottom surfaces and ultimately resulting in macroscopic bending deformation. This study establishes a comprehensive mechanistic chain spanning from oxygen vacancy migration (microscopic) to inhomogeneous domain switching (mesoscopic) and finally to macroscopic bending deformation, providing a crucial theoretical foundation for the design of piezoelectric materials with large electrostrain.
{"title":"Gradient oxygen vacancies driving heterogeneous domain switching and bending deformation in lead-free piezoceramics","authors":"Jianhui Jia, Pengrong Ren, Kexuan Zhao, Wenchao Lin, Wenjing Qiao, Zhiyong Liu, Lang Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, large apparent strain resulting from bending deformation in thin piezoelectric ceramics has attracted significant attention. However, whether oxygen vacancies or defect dipoles contributes to such macroscopic deformation remains controversial. In this study, bending deformation in (Na<sub>0.81</sub>K<sub>0.19</sub>)<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.01</sub>Ti<sub>0.99</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics is investigated, and the underlying microscopic mechanisms are clarified. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates a gradient distribution of oxygen vacancy concentration across both the thickness and radial directions of the ceramic. And piezoresponse force microscopy confirms that the top and bottom surfaces of the sample exhibit different domain mobility. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the oxygen vacancy concentration gradient along the thickness direction plays a decisive role in inducing the bending deformation. Based on these findings, a mechanism for bending deformation is proposed. The gradient in oxygen vacancy concentration along the thickness direction of the ceramic induces spatially non-uniform domain switching during polarization, leading to differential contraction between the top and bottom surfaces and ultimately resulting in macroscopic bending deformation. This study establishes a comprehensive mechanistic chain spanning from oxygen vacancy migration (microscopic) to inhomogeneous domain switching (mesoscopic) and finally to macroscopic bending deformation, providing a crucial theoretical foundation for the design of piezoelectric materials with large electrostrain.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional material processing methods struggle to overcome the strength-plasticity trade-off inherent in metallic materials. Enhancing material strength typically results in a concomitant reduction in plasticity. In this work, through high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatment, the conventional inverse relationship between strength and plasticity in CuCr50 composite following traditional processing methods is overcome. The tensile strength increases from 260.96 ± 6.48 to 408.39 ± 7.65 MPa, and elongation increases from 33.82% ± 2.03% to 44.85% ± 2.40% after HPHT (5 GPa, 900°C) treatment. HPHT treatment improves the roundness of Cr particles and enhances the bonding strength of the Cu/Cr interface. After HPHT (5 GPa, 900°C) treatment, dislocation cells develop in Cu. Effective stress transfer across interfaces mitigates stress concentration, facilitates the formation and continuous refinement of dislocation cells in Cr. These promote the coordinated deformation of Cu and Cr during the tensile process, significantly enhancing the strength and toughness of CuCr50 composites. The effective proliferation and storage of dislocations further tapped into the material’s potential for deformation. These results establish a novel theoretical foundation and outline an innovative technical pathway for the future development of high-performance metal-based composites through HPHT technology.
{"title":"High-pressure and high-temperature treatment overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in CuCr50 composite","authors":"Weiyang Long, Zheng Wei, Zaoli Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhu, Guoshang Zhang, Yifan Yan, Haoran Wu, Mingzhu You, Kai Li, Pengfei Yue, Hongfei Zhang, Rui li, Yonghao Zhao, Kexing Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.051","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional material processing methods struggle to overcome the strength-plasticity trade-off inherent in metallic materials. Enhancing material strength typically results in a concomitant reduction in plasticity. In this work, through high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatment, the conventional inverse relationship between strength and plasticity in CuCr50 composite following traditional processing methods is overcome. The tensile strength increases from 260.96 ± 6.48 to 408.39 ± 7.65 MPa, and elongation increases from 33.82% ± 2.03% to 44.85% ± 2.40% after HPHT (5 GPa, 900°C) treatment. HPHT treatment improves the roundness of Cr particles and enhances the bonding strength of the Cu/Cr interface. After HPHT (5 GPa, 900°C) treatment, dislocation cells develop in Cu. Effective stress transfer across interfaces mitigates stress concentration, facilitates the formation and continuous refinement of dislocation cells in Cr. These promote the coordinated deformation of Cu and Cr during the tensile process, significantly enhancing the strength and toughness of CuCr50 composites. The effective proliferation and storage of dislocations further tapped into the material’s potential for deformation. These results establish a novel theoretical foundation and outline an innovative technical pathway for the future development of high-performance metal-based composites through HPHT technology.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys offer high saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) for miniaturized, energy-efficient electronics, yet are plagued by an inherent magnetization-softness trade-off. In this work, the exchange-coupling interaction of Fe-Co atoms was incorporated to enhance the Bs and high-temperature magnetic stability of FeCoNiBCuSi amorphous alloy. Based on this mechanism, a novel magnetic field-assisted two-step annealing strategy was proposed to decouple the magnetization-softness trade-off by designing and regulating the microstructure and magnetic structure of the present alloy. Field-assisted pre-annealing accelerated atomic reconfiguration and yielded a more uniform microstructure at the sub-nanometer scale. Conversely, the magnetic field applied during post-crystallization annealing reduced the activation energy barrier for nucleation, thus promoting the formation of high-density crystal-like ordered nuclei instead of big-sized nanograins. This is well corroborated by wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis. Unlike the synergy of induced anisotropy (Ku) and random anisotropy in single-step annealing, the total magnetic anisotropy in the magnetic field-assisted two-step annealing process was predominantly governed by Ku, which aligned well with the magnetic domain patterns revealed by the magneto-optical Kerr microscope. Consequently, the optimized (Fe0.8Co0.2)84Ni2B12.5Cu1Si0.5 alloy subjected to the two-step annealing demonstrated a large Bs of 1.86 T, a low coercivity of 3.7 A/m, and a good effective permeability of 10700 at 1 kHz. Our findings offer a possible pathway for modulating the Bs–Hc trade-off in Co-rich Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys.
铁基纳米晶合金为小型化、高能效电子产品提供了高饱和磁通密度（Bs），但却受到固有磁化-柔软性权衡的困扰。本文利用Fe-Co原子的交换耦合作用增强了FeCoNiBCuSi非晶合金的Bs和高温磁稳定性。基于这一机理，提出了一种新的磁场辅助两步退火策略，通过设计和调节合金的微观组织和磁性结构来解耦磁化-柔软权衡。场辅助预退火加速了原子重构，并在亚纳米尺度上产生了更均匀的微观结构。相反，在结晶后退火过程中施加的磁场降低了成核的活化能势垒，从而促进了高密度晶状有序核的形成，而不是大尺寸纳米颗粒的形成。广角x射线散射分析很好地证实了这一点。与单步退火过程中诱导各向异性（Ku）和随机各向异性的协同作用不同，磁场辅助两步退火过程中的总磁各向异性主要由Ku控制，这与磁光Kerr显微镜显示的磁畴图很好地一致。结果表明，经过两步退火的（Fe0.8Co0.2）84Ni2B12.5Cu1Si0.5合金具有1.86 T的大Bs、3.7 a /m的低矫顽力和10700 kHz的有效磁导率。我们的发现为调节富钴铁基纳米晶合金中Bs-Hc权衡提供了可能的途径。
{"title":"Magnetic field-assisted two-step annealing for super magnetic softness in Co-rich Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys","authors":"Long Hou, Yu Wang, Lingjun Yu, Wenjun Liu, Benjun Wang, Chenchen Yuan, Ailin Xia, Hanchen Feng, Yucheng Zhang, Weihuo Li, Haishun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys offer high saturation magnetic flux density (<em>B</em><sub>s</sub>) for miniaturized, energy-efficient electronics, yet are plagued by an inherent magnetization-softness trade-off. In this work, the exchange-coupling interaction of Fe-Co atoms was incorporated to enhance the <em>B</em><sub>s</sub> and high-temperature magnetic stability of FeCoNiBCuSi amorphous alloy. Based on this mechanism, a novel magnetic field-assisted two-step annealing strategy was proposed to decouple the magnetization-softness trade-off by designing and regulating the microstructure and magnetic structure of the present alloy. Field-assisted pre-annealing accelerated atomic reconfiguration and yielded a more uniform microstructure at the sub-nanometer scale. Conversely, the magnetic field applied during post-crystallization annealing reduced the activation energy barrier for nucleation, thus promoting the formation of high-density crystal-like ordered nuclei instead of big-sized nanograins. This is well corroborated by wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis. Unlike the synergy of induced anisotropy (<em>K</em><sub>u</sub>) and random anisotropy in single-step annealing, the total magnetic anisotropy in the magnetic field-assisted two-step annealing process was predominantly governed by <em>K</em><sub>u</sub>, which aligned well with the magnetic domain patterns revealed by the magneto-optical Kerr microscope. Consequently, the optimized (Fe<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>84</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>B<sub>12.5</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>Si<sub>0.5</sub> alloy subjected to the two-step annealing demonstrated a large <em>B</em><sub>s</sub> of 1.86 T, a low coercivity of 3.7 A/m, and a good effective permeability of 10700 at 1 kHz. Our findings offer a possible pathway for modulating the <em>B</em><sub>s</sub>–<em>H</em><sub>c</sub> trade-off in Co-rich Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.052
Hao Wang, Runze Yu, Yong Wang, Han Zhang, Shijie Xu, Suotao Wang, Zibo Zhao, Tianxiang Gao, Yuxing Guo, Zhaojie Wang, Junsong Zhang, Fengchao An, Xinyu Zhang, Riping Liu
The loss of ductility has been widely observed in tensile experiments of annealed Fe-Mn-Al-C-based lightweight steels due to complex intermetallic phases embrittlement. Here, we develop a precipitation-tailoring strategy to overcome this degradation of deformability by realizing brittle intermetallic phases (D03 and κ-carbide) refinement and deformation twins in a Si-alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel with a very high stacking fault energy of ∼80 mJ/m2. The fine intermetallic phases, enabled by Si addition and annealing adjustment, contribute to an ultrahigh true tensile stress (up to ∼1.9 GPa) by the interaction between dislocations and these intermetallic phases. The superior strengthening effect enhances the flow stress to reach the critical stress for deformation twins (∼1.7 GPa). The formation of nanotwins and co-deformation between matrix and fine intermetallic phases, in turn, assist further strain hardening and alleviate strain localization. As a result, the ductility loss caused by intermetallic phase-induced embrittlement in this steel can be recovered. The combination of hard yet deformable intermetallic phases and nanotwins provides a novel precipitation design for developing strong and ductile alloys containing brittle intermetallic phases.
{"title":"Enhancing strength and counteracting embrittlement in a Si-alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel by precipitation-tailoring strategy","authors":"Hao Wang, Runze Yu, Yong Wang, Han Zhang, Shijie Xu, Suotao Wang, Zibo Zhao, Tianxiang Gao, Yuxing Guo, Zhaojie Wang, Junsong Zhang, Fengchao An, Xinyu Zhang, Riping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.052","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of ductility has been widely observed in tensile experiments of annealed Fe-Mn-Al-C-based lightweight steels due to complex intermetallic phases embrittlement. Here, we develop a precipitation-tailoring strategy to overcome this degradation of deformability by realizing brittle intermetallic phases (D0<sub>3</sub> and κ-carbide) refinement and deformation twins in a Si-alloyed Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel with a very high stacking fault energy of ∼80 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>. The fine intermetallic phases, enabled by Si addition and annealing adjustment, contribute to an ultrahigh true tensile stress (up to ∼1.9 GPa) by the interaction between dislocations and these intermetallic phases. The superior strengthening effect enhances the flow stress to reach the critical stress for deformation twins (∼1.7 GPa). The formation of nanotwins and co-deformation between matrix and fine intermetallic phases, in turn, assist further strain hardening and alleviate strain localization. As a result, the ductility loss caused by intermetallic phase-induced embrittlement in this steel can be recovered. The combination of hard yet deformable intermetallic phases and nanotwins provides a novel precipitation design for developing strong and ductile alloys containing brittle intermetallic phases.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selective ion doping is a promising approach to boost dielectric properties in perovskite ceramics. However, challenges remain in leveraging the clash of the dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and quality factor. To balance this trade-off, A/B-site co-doping could be a potentially ideal solution. Unfortunately, effective co-doping strategies have been overlooked owing to the absence of rational A-site cation selection, significantly hindering the optimization of material properties. Here, we fabricated Sr1−1.5xCexTi1−y(Al0.5Ta0.5)yO3 co-doped materials with varying compositions using Ce at the A-site and Al/Ta at the B-site. A controlled decrease in ionic polarizability coupled with enhanced octahedral distortion enables the material to maintain an εr > 110 while significantly lowering the τf from +1472 to +330 ppm/°C. The markedly suppressed Ti4+ reduction elevates the overall quality factor beyond 15000 GHz, while a substantial rise in lattice and bond energy confirms the reduction of intrinsic loss in the material. Most importantly, a comparison with La-co-doped samples exhibiting similar phase composition and microstructure reveals that the valence transition of Ce and synergistic electron pinning effect with Al/Ta effectively immobilizes free electrons, significantly suppressing carrier migration and thereby enhancing the dielectric properties of the material. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, Sr0.625Ce0.25Ti0.95(Al0.5Ta0.5)0.05O3 achieved excellent properties with εr = 127, Q × f = 16367 GHz and τf = +380 ppm/°C. A miniaturized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna was also designed, maintaining high performance with reduced size and demonstrating significant application potential. This work demonstrates that the rational A/B-site co-doping is an advanced method for the development of high-performance microwave dielectric ceramics and enables miniaturized device applications.
{"title":"Ion selection criteria for effective co-doping in perovskite ceramics: A promising strategy via synergistic pinning effect","authors":"Yuhang Zhang, Yanzhao Zhang, Meiling Yang, Kunpeng Lin, Zhe Zhao, Ning Xie, Guoxiang Zhou, Zhihua Yang, Dechang Jia, Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Selective ion doping is a promising approach to boost dielectric properties in perovskite ceramics. However, challenges remain in leveraging the clash of the dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and quality factor. To balance this trade-off, A/B-site co-doping could be a potentially ideal solution. Unfortunately, effective co-doping strategies have been overlooked owing to the absence of rational A-site cation selection, significantly hindering the optimization of material properties. Here, we fabricated Sr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1−1.5</ce:inf><ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf></ce:italic>Ce<ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf></ce:italic>Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1−</ce:inf><ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">y</ce:inf></ce:italic>(Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.5</ce:inf>Ta<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.5</ce:inf>)<ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">y</ce:inf></ce:italic>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> co-doped materials with varying compositions using Ce at the A-site and Al/Ta at the B-site. A controlled decrease in ionic polarizability coupled with enhanced octahedral distortion enables the material to maintain an <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">r</ce:inf> > 110 while significantly lowering the <ce:italic>τ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">f</ce:inf> from +1472 to +330 ppm/°C. The markedly suppressed Ti<ce:sup loc=\"post\">4+</ce:sup> reduction elevates the overall quality factor beyond 15000 GHz, while a substantial rise in lattice and bond energy confirms the reduction of intrinsic loss in the material. Most importantly, a comparison with La-co-doped samples exhibiting similar phase composition and microstructure reveals that the valence transition of Ce and synergistic electron pinning effect with Al/Ta effectively immobilizes free electrons, significantly suppressing carrier migration and thereby enhancing the dielectric properties of the material. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, Sr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.625</ce:inf>Ce<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.25</ce:inf>Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.95</ce:inf>(Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.5</ce:inf>Ta<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.5</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.05</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> achieved excellent properties with <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">r</ce:inf> = 127, <ce:italic>Q × f</ce:italic> = 16367 GHz and <ce:italic>τ</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">f</ce:inf> = +380 ppm/°C. A miniaturized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna was also designed, maintaining high performance with reduced size and demonstrating significant application potential. This work demonstrates that the rational A/B-site co-doping is an advanced method for the development of high-performance microwave dielectric ceramics and enables miniaturized device applications.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interphase precipitate (IP) strengthening has been identified as an effective mechanism for enhancing the mechanical properties of advanced steels. Recent breakthroughs in characterization have revealed the unusual strengthening effect of precipitates in their embryonic stage, referred to as clusters, which indicate additional strengthening mechanisms for material strengthening and further opportunities for composition design in IP-strengthened steels. This study investigates the impact of IP on the mechanical and formability properties of complex microalloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Two types of HSLA steel with a single ferrite microstructure were engineered via the thermo-mechanical control process, differing in that one exhibits only fully-developed IPs, while the other exhibits both the clusters of interphase and IPs. These microstructures were achieved through controlled coiling at 620 and 650°C in Ti-Nb microalloyed steel. Increasing undercooling below the γ → α transformation temperature intensifies the driving force for phase transformation, leading to a decrease in both intersheet spacing and the size of particles, while the number density of interphase particles increases, promoting the formation of clusters of interphase. These clusters significantly influence dislocation behavior, facilitating dislocation multiplication. Compared to the fully-developed IPs in samples coiled at 650°C, the presence of the clusters of interphase results in a desirable enhancement in mechanical properties, including a 100 MPa increase in ultimate tensile strength without compromising ductility or stretch-flangeability. These findings highlight the critical role of the clusters of interphase in simultaneously enhancing both strength and plasticity in HSLA steel.
{"title":"Control of interphase-cluster evolution and its contribution to strength and ductility in complex microalloyed HSLA steel","authors":"Mingyue Yang, Yajun Liu, Yuhe Huang, Jun Lu, Junheng Gao, Haitao Zhao, Honghui Wu, Chaolei Zhang, Xiang Li, Cheng Zhang, Shuize Wang, Xinping Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Interphase precipitate (IP) strengthening has been identified as an effective mechanism for enhancing the mechanical properties of advanced steels. Recent breakthroughs in characterization have revealed the unusual strengthening effect of precipitates in their embryonic stage, referred to as clusters, which indicate additional strengthening mechanisms for material strengthening and further opportunities for composition design in IP-strengthened steels. This study investigates the impact of IP on the mechanical and formability properties of complex microalloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Two types of HSLA steel with a single ferrite microstructure were engineered via the thermo-mechanical control process, differing in that one exhibits only fully-developed IPs, while the other exhibits both the clusters of interphase and IPs. These microstructures were achieved through controlled coiling at 620 and 650°C in Ti-Nb microalloyed steel. Increasing undercooling below the γ → α transformation temperature intensifies the driving force for phase transformation, leading to a decrease in both intersheet spacing and the size of particles, while the number density of interphase particles increases, promoting the formation of clusters of interphase. These clusters significantly influence dislocation behavior, facilitating dislocation multiplication. Compared to the fully-developed IPs in samples coiled at 650°C, the presence of the clusters of interphase results in a desirable enhancement in mechanical properties, including a 100 MPa increase in ultimate tensile strength without compromising ductility or stretch-flangeability. These findings highlight the critical role of the clusters of interphase in simultaneously enhancing both strength and plasticity in HSLA steel.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.007
Donglei He, Mengran Zhou, Zhenhai Dai, Ziyue Zhang, Xinze Dong, Gaoqiang Chen, Yuru Zha, Yuxiang Han, Li Zhong, Yixing Zhu, Weikang Zhao, Fan Liu, Timo Lehtonen, Fan Ye, Qingyu Shi, Yake Liu
In this work, as-cast Zn-0.8Li was processed by different representative plastic deformation methods, namely hot rolling (AR), friction stir processing (FSP), and friction stir processing followed by hot rolling (FSP+R), which will be potentially applied to strengthen this material in the future. The microstructure and corrosion behaviors of the materials were systematically investigated. AR and FSP Zn-0.8Li showed homogeneous microstructure, while the others presented coarse and nonuniform microstructure. FSP Zn-0.8Li exhibited the highest corrosion resistance due to its fine and homogeneous microstructure and the absence of primary β-LiZn4. All the Zn-0.8Li showed similar corrosion progress. A two-layered corrosion product composed of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, a dominated outer layer, and a Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O dominated inner layer was formed in the early immersion. An additional inner layer of ZnO was formed due to insufficient supply of CO2 and Cl−, resulting in a three-layered corrosion product in the long term of immersion.
{"title":"In vitro corrosion behaviors of representative plastic deformed biodegradable Zn-0.8Li alloy in normal saline solution","authors":"Donglei He, Mengran Zhou, Zhenhai Dai, Ziyue Zhang, Xinze Dong, Gaoqiang Chen, Yuru Zha, Yuxiang Han, Li Zhong, Yixing Zhu, Weikang Zhao, Fan Liu, Timo Lehtonen, Fan Ye, Qingyu Shi, Yake Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, as-cast Zn-0.8Li was processed by different representative plastic deformation methods, namely hot rolling (AR), friction stir processing (FSP), and friction stir processing followed by hot rolling (FSP+R), which will be potentially applied to strengthen this material in the future. The microstructure and corrosion behaviors of the materials were systematically investigated. AR and FSP Zn-0.8Li showed homogeneous microstructure, while the others presented coarse and nonuniform microstructure. FSP Zn-0.8Li exhibited the highest corrosion resistance due to its fine and homogeneous microstructure and the absence of primary β-LiZn<sub>4</sub>. All the Zn-0.8Li showed similar corrosion progress. A two-layered corrosion product composed of Zn<sub>5</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>, a dominated outer layer, and a Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O dominated inner layer was formed in the early immersion. An additional inner layer of ZnO was formed due to insufficient supply of CO<sub>2</sub> and Cl<sup>−</sup>, resulting in a three-layered corrosion product in the long term of immersion.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145954972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To mitigate the degradation of mechanical properties caused by high-temperature melt erosion and reactions during the reactive melt infiltration process for fabricating carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high-temperature ceramic matrix composites, this work proposes an in-situ protection strategy that utilizes chemical vapor infiltration to uniformly fabricate a PyC/SiC/ZrC multi-layer interface layer on carbon fibers, thereby avoiding damage to carbon fibers. The results showed that the introduction of a PyC/SiC/ZrC interface layer significantly increased the flexural strength of the prepared composites by 133.3% in comparison to composites with a single PyC interface layer. Besides, after ablation under oxygen acetylene flame for 240 s, the mass and linear ablation rates show significant reductions of 69.6% and 90.1%, respectively. The tailored PyC/SiC/ZrC multi-layer interface delivered dual functionality: (i) synergistically introducing multiple pathways for energy dissipation while shielding fibers from Zr-Si melt erosion through the multi-layer interface, thus enhancing mechanical properties; (ii) in-situ generating a protective ZrO2/SiO2 oxide barrier layer on fibers during ablation to improve ablation resistance. This work provides new insights and valuable references for the efficient preparation of ceramic matrix composites with excellent ablation protection and mechanical properties.
{"title":"Synergistically enhanced ablation resistance and mechanical performance of Cf/ZrC-SiC composites with PyC/SiC/ZrC multi-layer interface fabricated by CVI","authors":"Ruicong Chen, Jiaqi Hou, Jian Zhang, Zhenglong Li, Zhiyuan Ming, Yulei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.050","url":null,"abstract":"To mitigate the degradation of mechanical properties caused by high-temperature melt erosion and reactions during the reactive melt infiltration process for fabricating carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high-temperature ceramic matrix composites, this work proposes an in-situ protection strategy that utilizes chemical vapor infiltration to uniformly fabricate a PyC/SiC/ZrC multi-layer interface layer on carbon fibers, thereby avoiding damage to carbon fibers. The results showed that the introduction of a PyC/SiC/ZrC interface layer significantly increased the flexural strength of the prepared composites by 133.3% in comparison to composites with a single PyC interface layer. Besides, after ablation under oxygen acetylene flame for 240 s, the mass and linear ablation rates show significant reductions of 69.6% and 90.1%, respectively. The tailored PyC/SiC/ZrC multi-layer interface delivered dual functionality: (i) synergistically introducing multiple pathways for energy dissipation while shielding fibers from Zr-Si melt erosion through the multi-layer interface, thus enhancing mechanical properties; (ii) in-situ generating a protective ZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> oxide barrier layer on fibers during ablation to improve ablation resistance. This work provides new insights and valuable references for the efficient preparation of ceramic matrix composites with excellent ablation protection and mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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