Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.051
Renda Wang, Nabil Daghbouj, Ping Yu, Peng Li, Fanping Meng, Antonio Cammarata, Bingsheng Li, P. Bábor, Tomas Polcar, Qing Huang, Fangfang Ge
Cr coatings, as protective coatings of Zr-alloy fuel claddings, inevitably suffer from irradiation damage before they would possibly run into the accident condition. This study evaluates the radiation and oxidation tolerance of three Cr-based coatings with different microstructures (Cr, CrAlSi, and CrAlSiN) through He2+ ion irradiation and 1200 °C steam oxidation. The Cr and CrAlSi coatings experienced significant structural degradation, characterized by He bubble aggregation and amplified Kirkendall effects at elevated temperatures. In contrast, the irradiated CrAlSiN coating maintained structural integrity without measurable irradiation hardening. Following annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, approximately 40 % of injected He atoms were released, indicating a “self-healing” mechanism. The mechanism is attributed to uniformly distributed, low-density channels that act as sinks and release paths for irradiation-induced defects. Density functional theory simulations suggest that N atoms promote significant rearrangement of ions surrounding the free volume, inhibiting the formation of sites capable of trapping He atoms. Moreover, the CrAlSiN coating exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to the Cr and CrAlSi coatings, even under high-temperature steam conditions. Notably, the irradiated CrAlSiN sample displayed a significantly thinner oxide scale compared to the pristine one (almost half), owing to a more protective oxide scale and rapid outward diffusion of Cr, Al, and Si through nanochannel veins. These findings illuminate the effects of structure and composition on irradiation and oxidation behavior in Cr-based coatings, offering insights for developing new-generation accident-tolerance fuel coatings for Zr-alloy claddings.
铬涂层作为 Zr-合金燃料包壳的保护层，在可能进入事故状态之前不可避免地会受到辐照损伤。本研究通过 He2+ 离子辐照和 1200 °C 蒸汽氧化，评估了三种具有不同微观结构的铬基涂层（Cr、CrAlSi 和 CrAlSiN）的辐照和氧化耐受性。Cr 和 CrAlSi 涂层经历了明显的结构退化，在高温下表现为 He 气泡聚集和 Kirkendall 效应放大。相比之下，经过辐照的 CrAlSiN 涂层则保持了结构的完整性，没有明显的辐照硬化。在 800 °C 下退火 30 分钟后，注入的氦原子释放了约 40%，这表明存在 "自愈 "机制。该机制归因于均匀分布的低密度通道，这些通道是辐照诱导缺陷的汇集和释放途径。密度泛函理论模拟表明，N 原子促进了自由体积周围离子的显著重排，抑制了能够捕获 He 原子的位点的形成。此外，即使在高温蒸汽条件下，CrAlSiN 涂层的抗氧化性也优于 Cr 和 CrAlSi 涂层。值得注意的是，与原始样品相比，辐照过的 CrAlSiN 样品显示出明显更薄的氧化鳞片（几乎只有原始样品的一半），这是因为氧化鳞片具有更强的保护性，而且 Cr、Al 和 Si 通过纳米通道脉络快速向外扩散。这些发现阐明了结构和组成对铬基涂层的辐照和氧化行为的影响，为开发新一代 Zr-合金包层的事故耐受燃料涂层提供了启示。
{"title":"Enhancing the radiation- and oxidation-resistance of Cr-based coatings via structure regulation and composition optimization","authors":"Renda Wang, Nabil Daghbouj, Ping Yu, Peng Li, Fanping Meng, Antonio Cammarata, Bingsheng Li, P. Bábor, Tomas Polcar, Qing Huang, Fangfang Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.051","url":null,"abstract":"Cr coatings, as protective coatings of Zr-alloy fuel claddings, inevitably suffer from irradiation damage before they would possibly run into the accident condition. This study evaluates the radiation and oxidation tolerance of three Cr-based coatings with different microstructures (Cr, CrAlSi, and CrAlSiN) through He<sup>2+</sup> ion irradiation and 1200 °C steam oxidation. The Cr and CrAlSi coatings experienced significant structural degradation, characterized by He bubble aggregation and amplified Kirkendall effects at elevated temperatures. In contrast, the irradiated CrAlSiN coating maintained structural integrity without measurable irradiation hardening. Following annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, approximately 40 % of injected He atoms were released, indicating a “self-healing” mechanism. The mechanism is attributed to uniformly distributed, low-density channels that act as sinks and release paths for irradiation-induced defects. Density functional theory simulations suggest that N atoms promote significant rearrangement of ions surrounding the free volume, inhibiting the formation of sites capable of trapping He atoms. Moreover, the CrAlSiN coating exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to the Cr and CrAlSi coatings, even under high-temperature steam conditions. Notably, the irradiated CrAlSiN sample displayed a significantly thinner oxide scale compared to the pristine one (almost half), owing to a more protective oxide scale and rapid outward diffusion of Cr, Al, and Si through nanochannel veins. These findings illuminate the effects of structure and composition on irradiation and oxidation behavior in Cr-based coatings, offering insights for developing new-generation accident-tolerance fuel coatings for Zr-alloy claddings.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.003
Yi Zhang, Zhimin Zou, Qi Liu, Yu Qiao, Chunhai Jiang
Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising energy storage devices due to their balance between the energy and power densities inherited from Zn-ion batteries and supercapacitors, respectively. However, the low specific capacitance of carbon cathode materials and the dendrite growth on Zn anode have set fatal drawbacks to their energy density and cycle stability. Herein, we demonstrate that, in 1 M Zn(CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) electrolyte, confining oxygen in carbon cathode materials via high-energy ball milling can synergistically introduce additional pseudocapacitance on the cathode side while suppressing the dendrite growth on Zn anode side, which jointly lead to high energy density (94 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at 448 W kg<sup>−1</sup>) and long cycle stability of ZICs. The hydroxyl group in carbon cathode can be transformed to C—O—Zn together with the release of protons during the initial discharge, which in turn stimulates the defluorination of <span><span style=""></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow is="true"><mi mathvariant="normal" is="true">C</mi><msub is="true"><mi mathvariant="normal" is="true">F</mi><mn is="true">3</mn></msub><msubsup is="true"><mtext is="true">SO</mtext><mn is="true">3</mn><mo is="true">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math>' role="presentation" style="font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="3.009ex" role="img" style="vertical-align: -0.812ex;" viewbox="0 -945.9 3815.4 1295.7" width="8.862ex" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g is="true"><g is="true"><use xlink:href="#MJMAIN-43"></use></g><g is="true" transform="translate(722,0)"><g is="true"><use xlink:href="#MJMAIN-46"></use></g><g is="true" transform="translate(653,-150)"><use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-33"></use></g></g><g is="true" transform="translate(1829,0)"><g is="true"><use xlink:href="#MJMAIN-53"></use><use x="556" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-4F" y="0"></use></g><g is="true" transform="translate(1335,432)"><use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-2212"></use></g><g is="true" transform="translate(1335,-277)"><use transform="scale(0.707)" xlink:href="#MJMAIN-33"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow is="true"><mi is="true" mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msub is="true"><mi is="true" mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn is="true">3</mn></msub><msubsup is="true"><mtext is="true">SO</mtext><mn is="true">3</mn><mo is="true">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span><script type="math/mml"><math><mrow is="true"><mi mathvariant="normal" is="true">C</mi><msub is="true"><mi mathvariant="normal" is="tr
锌离子电容器（ZIC）是一种前景广阔的储能设备，因为它兼顾了锌离子电池和超级电容器的能量密度和功率密度。然而，碳阴极材料的低比电容和锌阳极上的枝晶生长对其能量密度和循环稳定性造成了致命的缺陷。在此，我们证明了在 1 M Zn(CF3SO3)2/DMF（N, N-二甲基甲酰胺）电解液中，通过高能球磨限制碳阴极材料中的氧，可以在阴极侧协同引入额外的假电容，同时抑制锌阳极侧的枝晶生长，从而共同实现 ZIC 的高能量密度（94 Wh kg-1 at 448 W kg-1）和长周期稳定性。在初始放电过程中，碳阴极中的羟基会随着质子的释放转化为 C-O-Zn，进而刺激 CF3SO3-CF3SO3- 阴离子的脱氟反应，并在阴极和阳极上形成 ZnF2。在锌阳极表面形成的 ZnF2 通过调节网状结构中 Zn2+ 的沉积/剥离，抑制了枝晶的生长，从而实现了出色的循环稳定性。这项工作提供了一种简便的策略，通过对碳阴极材料中的含氧官能团进行工程设计，合理地设计和构建高能量和稳定的 ZIC。
{"title":"Dual-functions of the carbon-confined oxygen on the capacitance and cycle stability enhancements of Zn-ion capacitors","authors":"Yi Zhang, Zhimin Zou, Qi Liu, Yu Qiao, Chunhai Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising energy storage devices due to their balance between the energy and power densities inherited from Zn-ion batteries and supercapacitors, respectively. However, the low specific capacitance of carbon cathode materials and the dendrite growth on Zn anode have set fatal drawbacks to their energy density and cycle stability. Herein, we demonstrate that, in 1 M Zn(CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) electrolyte, confining oxygen in carbon cathode materials via high-energy ball milling can synergistically introduce additional pseudocapacitance on the cathode side while suppressing the dendrite growth on Zn anode side, which jointly lead to high energy density (94 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at 448 W kg<sup>−1</sup>) and long cycle stability of ZICs. The hydroxyl group in carbon cathode can be transformed to C—O—Zn together with the release of protons during the initial discharge, which in turn stimulates the defluorination of <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">C</mi><msub is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">F</mi><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></msub><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mn is=\"true\">3</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#x2212;</mo></msubsup></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -945.9 3815.4 1295.7\" width=\"8.862ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-43\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(722,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-46\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(653,-150)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-33\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1829,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-53\"></use><use x=\"556\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-4F\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,432)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1335,-277)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-33\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mi><msub is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">F</mi><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></msub><msubsup is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">SO</mtext><mn is=\"true\">3</mn><mo is=\"true\">−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">C</mi><msub is=\"true\"><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"tr","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.002
Jiayao Wang, Zewei Hu, Yuju Qi, Chao Han, Kai Zhang, Weijie Li
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential. Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology. The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs, however, is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’ inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte. Based on the summary of series of literature, we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review. Firstly, some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced, including structural characteristics, advantages and issues. Secondly, several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs, as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs, are presented. Finally, the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.
{"title":"Prussian blue analogues for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Recent process and perspectives","authors":"Jiayao Wang, Zewei Hu, Yuju Qi, Chao Han, Kai Zhang, Weijie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential. Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology. The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs, however, is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’ inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte. Based on the summary of series of literature, we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review. Firstly, some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced, including structural characteristics, advantages and issues. Secondly, several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs, as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs, are presented. Finally, the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.035
Dandan Wei, Changping Wang, Dasai Ban, Cong Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Lu Wang, Mingtao Chen, Siyu Ni, Dianwen Song, Huali Nie
The Kirschner wire (K-wire) is widely used in orthopedic external fixation due to its versatility and clinical effectiveness. However, a significant challenge associated with its use is the potential for bacterial migration, subsequent infection, and dislodgement as the wire penetrates the skin and bone. This study introduces a novel bioactive material, selenium/calcium silicate (Se/β-CS), achieved by integrating selenium—an essential trace element in the human body—into bioceramic calcium silicate. This integration was accomplished using a combined chemical co-deposition method and redox reaction. Furthermore, a uniform and controllable Se/β-CS coating was applied to the K-wire's surface using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. This coating gradually releases active components—Si, Ca, and Se—that effectively eliminate bacterial infections and promote osteointegration. The findings of this study offer promising opportunities for the use of robust and multifunctional coating materials on implantable devices, particularly within the fields of orthopedics, transplantation, and surgery.
克氏线（K-wire）因其多功能性和临床有效性而被广泛用于骨科外固定。然而，其使用过程中面临的一个重大挑战是，当钢丝穿透皮肤和骨骼时，可能会发生细菌迁移、继发感染和脱落。本研究介绍了一种新型生物活性材料--硒/硅酸钙（Se/β-CS），它是通过将硒--一种人体必需的微量元素--整合到生物陶瓷硅酸钙中而实现的。这种整合是通过化学共沉积法和氧化还原反应联合实现的。此外，还利用 Langmuir-Blodgett 技术在 K 线表面形成了一层均匀、可控的 Se/β-CS 涂层。这种涂层会逐渐释放出活性成分--硅、钙和硒，从而有效地消除细菌感染并促进骨结合。这项研究结果为在植入设备上使用坚固耐用的多功能涂层材料提供了良好的机遇，尤其是在整形外科、移植和外科领域。
{"title":"Trace element selenium–augmented Kirschner wire with enhanced osteogenetic and antibacterial properties","authors":"Dandan Wei, Changping Wang, Dasai Ban, Cong Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Lu Wang, Mingtao Chen, Siyu Ni, Dianwen Song, Huali Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"The Kirschner wire (K-wire) is widely used in orthopedic external fixation due to its versatility and clinical effectiveness. However, a significant challenge associated with its use is the potential for bacterial migration, subsequent infection, and dislodgement as the wire penetrates the skin and bone. This study introduces a novel bioactive material, selenium/calcium silicate (Se/β-CS), achieved by integrating selenium—an essential trace element in the human body—into bioceramic calcium silicate. This integration was accomplished using a combined chemical co-deposition method and redox reaction. Furthermore, a uniform and controllable Se/β-CS coating was applied to the K-wire's surface using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. This coating gradually releases active components—Si, Ca, and Se—that effectively eliminate bacterial infections and promote osteointegration. The findings of this study offer promising opportunities for the use of robust and multifunctional coating materials on implantable devices, particularly within the fields of orthopedics, transplantation, and surgery.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantifying the residual stress at micron-scale is crucial for comprehending the trans- and inter-granular deformation mechanisms and the influence of heat treatment, but remains technically challenging. This study utilized focused ion beam and digital image correlation (FIB-DIC) techniques to assess residual stress within the dendrite stem and arm of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys. The influence of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and residual stress was also elucidated. Our results revealed that the residual stresses in the dendrite stem and arm regions manifest as tensile stress along the x-axis and compressive stress along the y-axis, with a range of -720 MPa to 680 MPa. HIP treatment effectively improved microstructure and regulated residual stress in nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, leading to a rapid reduction in residual stress levels. The present study lays a solid theoretical groundwork for optimizing processing strategies to regulate residual stress and enhance mechanical properties in next-generation single-crystal superalloys.
量化微米尺度的残余应力对于理解跨晶粒和晶粒间变形机制以及热处理的影响至关重要，但在技术上仍具有挑战性。本研究利用聚焦离子束和数字图像相关（FIB-DIC）技术来评估镍基单晶超合金枝晶杆和臂内的残余应力。此外，还阐明了热等静压（HIP）对微观结构和残余应力的影响。我们的研究结果表明，枝晶杆和臂区域的残余应力表现为沿 x 轴的拉应力和沿 y 轴的压应力，范围在 -720 兆帕至 680 兆帕之间。HIP 处理可有效改善镍基单晶超合金的微观结构并调节残余应力，从而快速降低残余应力水平。本研究为优化加工策略以调节残余应力和提高下一代单晶超合金的机械性能奠定了坚实的理论基础。
{"title":"Effects of hot isostatic pressing on the micron-scale residual stress of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys","authors":"Haoyi Niu, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Hao Wang, Hao Wu, Qing Liu, Guohua Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying the residual stress at micron-scale is crucial for comprehending the trans- and inter-granular deformation mechanisms and the influence of heat treatment, but remains technically challenging. This study utilized focused ion beam and digital image correlation (FIB-DIC) techniques to assess residual stress within the dendrite stem and arm of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys. The influence of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and residual stress was also elucidated. Our results revealed that the residual stresses in the dendrite stem and arm regions manifest as tensile stress along the <em>x</em>-axis and compressive stress along the <em>y</em>-axis, with a range of -720 MPa to 680 MPa. HIP treatment effectively improved microstructure and regulated residual stress in nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, leading to a rapid reduction in residual stress levels. The present study lays a solid theoretical groundwork for optimizing processing strategies to regulate residual stress and enhance mechanical properties in next-generation single-crystal superalloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142450295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.039
Jinyu Liang, Fan Zhao, Guoliang Xie, Rui Wang, Xiao Liu, Wenli Xue, Xinhua Liu
Recent studies have shown that synergistic precipitation of continuous precipitates (CPs) and discontinuous precipitates (DPs) is a promising method to simultaneously improve the strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si alloy. However, the complex relationship between precipitates and two-stage aging process presents a significant challenge for the optimization of process parameters. In this study, machine learning models were established based on orthogonal experiment to mine the relationship between two-stage aging parameters and properties of Cu-5.3Ni-1.3Si-0.12Nb alloy with preferred formation of DPs. Two-stage aging parameters of 400 °C/75 min + 400 °C/30 min were then obtained by multi-objective optimization combined with an experimental iteration strategy, resulting in a tensile strength of 875 MPa and a conductivity of 41.43 %IACS, respectively. Such an excellent comprehensive performance of the alloy is attributed to the combined precipitation of DPs and CPs (with a total volume fraction of 5.4% and a volume ratio of CPs to DPs of 6.7). This study could provide a new approach and insight for improving the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys.
{"title":"Improving mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloy via machine learning assisted optimization of two-stage aging processing","authors":"Jinyu Liang, Fan Zhao, Guoliang Xie, Rui Wang, Xiao Liu, Wenli Xue, Xinhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.039","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that synergistic precipitation of continuous precipitates (CPs) and discontinuous precipitates (DPs) is a promising method to simultaneously improve the strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si alloy. However, the complex relationship between precipitates and two-stage aging process presents a significant challenge for the optimization of process parameters. In this study, machine learning models were established based on orthogonal experiment to mine the relationship between two-stage aging parameters and properties of Cu-5.3Ni-1.3Si-0.12Nb alloy with preferred formation of DPs. Two-stage aging parameters of 400 °C/75 min + 400 °C/30 min were then obtained by multi-objective optimization combined with an experimental iteration strategy, resulting in a tensile strength of 875 MPa and a conductivity of 41.43 %IACS, respectively. Such an excellent comprehensive performance of the alloy is attributed to the combined precipitation of DPs and CPs (with a total volume fraction of 5.4% and a volume ratio of CPs to DPs of 6.7). This study could provide a new approach and insight for improving the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.038
Zhiyuan Liu, Tianyou Wang, Li Jin, Jian Zeng, Shuai Dong, Fenghua Wang, Fulin Wang, Jie Dong
In traditional trial-and-error method, enhancing the Young's modulus of magnesium alloys while maintaining a favorable ductility has consistently been a challenge. It is a need to explore more efficient and expedited methods to design magnesium alloys with high modulus and ductility. In this study, machine learning (ML) and assisted microstructure control methods are used to design high modulus magnesium alloys. Six key features that influence stiffness and ductility have been extracted in this ML model based on abundant data from literature sources. As a result, predictive models for Young's modulus and elongation are established, with errors less than 2.4% and 4.5% through XGBoost machine learning model, respectively. Within the given range of six features, the magnesium alloys can be fabricated with the Young's modulus exceeding 50 GPa and an elongation surpassing 6%. As a validation, Mg-Al-Y alloys were experimentally prepared to meet the criteria of six features, achieving Young's modulus of 51.5 GPa, and the elongation of 7%. Moreover, the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) is introduced to boost the model interpretability. This indicates that balancing the volume fraction of reinforcement, the most important feature, is key to achieve Mg-Al-Y alloys with high Young's modulus and favorable elongation through the two models. Enhancing reinforcement dispersion and reducing the size of reinforcement and grain can further improve the elongation of high-stiffness Mg alloy.
{"title":"Towards high stiffness and ductility-The Mg-Al-Y alloy design through machine learning","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu, Tianyou Wang, Li Jin, Jian Zeng, Shuai Dong, Fenghua Wang, Fulin Wang, Jie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.038","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional trial-and-error method, enhancing the Young's modulus of magnesium alloys while maintaining a favorable ductility has consistently been a challenge. It is a need to explore more efficient and expedited methods to design magnesium alloys with high modulus and ductility. In this study, machine learning (ML) and assisted microstructure control methods are used to design high modulus magnesium alloys. Six key features that influence stiffness and ductility have been extracted in this ML model based on abundant data from literature sources. As a result, predictive models for Young's modulus and elongation are established, with errors less than 2.4% and 4.5% through XGBoost machine learning model, respectively. Within the given range of six features, the magnesium alloys can be fabricated with the Young's modulus exceeding 50 GPa and an elongation surpassing 6%. As a validation, Mg-Al-Y alloys were experimentally prepared to meet the criteria of six features, achieving Young's modulus of 51.5 GPa, and the elongation of 7%. Moreover, the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) is introduced to boost the model interpretability. This indicates that balancing the volume fraction of reinforcement, the most important feature, is key to achieve Mg-Al-Y alloys with high Young's modulus and favorable elongation through the two models. Enhancing reinforcement dispersion and reducing the size of reinforcement and grain can further improve the elongation of high-stiffness Mg alloy.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrosion would lead to the failure of materials during service, causing huge economic losses and catastrophic accidents, particularly in chemical industries. In this work, a series of novel high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (FeCoCrNiMoxNbx) with exceptional corrosion resistance were designed. The phase composition, corrosion resistance, and passive film properties were determined through micro-characterization and electrochemical tests. First-principles calculations were further performed to unveil the corrosion resistance mechanism at the atomic level, especially the influence of elements on the corrosion resistance. It is found that the appropriate increase in the contents of Mo/Nb elements leads to the increased Laves phase in the HEAs and enhances the corrosion resistance of the HEAs. However, the excessive addition of Mo/Nb elements will cause more severe microgalvanic corrosion between FCC and Laves phases, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Laves phase is more resistant to the attack of corrosive species. Additionally, the presences of Mo, Nb, and Cr elements in the HEAs facilitate the adsorption of H2O/O on the HEAs surface, which promotes the formation of a protective passive film, and then provides better protection for the HEAs.
腐蚀会导致材料在使用过程中失效，造成巨大的经济损失和灾难性事故，尤其是在化工行业。本研究设计了一系列具有优异耐腐蚀性能的新型高熵合金（HEAs）（FeCoCrNiMoxNbx）。通过微观表征和电化学测试确定了其相组成、耐腐蚀性和被动膜特性。进一步进行了第一性原理计算，以揭示原子层面的耐腐蚀机理，尤其是元素对耐腐蚀性的影响。研究发现，适当增加 Mo/Nb 元素的含量会导致 HEA 中的 Laves 相增加，从而提高 HEA 的耐腐蚀性。但是，过量添加 Mo/Nb 元素会导致 FCC 相和 Laves 相之间产生更严重的微电偶腐蚀，从而降低耐腐蚀性。理论计算表明，Laves 相对腐蚀性物种的侵蚀具有更强的抵抗力。此外，HEA 中钼元素、铌元素和铬元素的存在有利于 HEA 表面吸附 H2O/O，从而促进被动保护膜的形成，进而为 HEA 提供更好的保护。
{"title":"Mechanistic exploration of the exceptional corrosion resistance of the newly designed FeCoCrNiMoxNbx high-entropy alloys","authors":"Jiaming Duan, Zhineng Jiang, Feng Huang, Xian Zhang, Guoan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion would lead to the failure of materials during service, causing huge economic losses and catastrophic accidents, particularly in chemical industries. In this work, a series of novel high-entropy alloys (HEAs) (FeCoCrNiMo<em><sub>x</sub></em>Nb<em><sub>x</sub></em>) with exceptional corrosion resistance were designed. The phase composition, corrosion resistance, and passive film properties were determined through micro-characterization and electrochemical tests. First-principles calculations were further performed to unveil the corrosion resistance mechanism at the atomic level, especially the influence of elements on the corrosion resistance. It is found that the appropriate increase in the contents of Mo/Nb elements leads to the increased Laves phase in the HEAs and enhances the corrosion resistance of the HEAs. However, the excessive addition of Mo/Nb elements will cause more severe microgalvanic corrosion between FCC and Laves phases, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Laves phase is more resistant to the attack of corrosive species. Additionally, the presences of Mo, Nb, and Cr elements in the HEAs facilitate the adsorption of H<sub>2</sub>O/O on the HEAs surface, which promotes the formation of a protective passive film, and then provides better protection for the HEAs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.037
S. Gao, M. Zhang, Z.X. Wang, Z. Wang, N. Li
Although fine equiaxed structure benefits both strength and ductility in titanium alloys, it is often considered incompatible with high toughness, for its insufficient ability to deflect propagating cracks compared to coarse lamellar structure. This work reports an excellent combination of standard Charpy impact toughness (∼100 J) and yield strength (∼820 MPa) in a powder metallurgy titanium alloy with fine equiaxed structure (∼1.5 μm), wherein the β matrix exists as equiaxed nodules and fine ligaments for globularization of α grains. The impact curve divided with the “compliance changing rate” (CCR) method indicates that the energy consumed by crack propagation is dominant (∼82%) during the impact process. Fractographic and structural examinations indicate that multiple micro-voids nucleation near boundaries between fine β ligaments and α grains mitigates local stress concentration, and that coordinated deformation between equiaxed β nodules and α grains hinders crack propagation, which together enable the excellent combination of yield strength and impact toughness. Our work provides a new pathway for designing impact-resistant titanium alloys.
{"title":"Impact-resistant titanium alloy with fine equiaxed structure fabricated by powder metallurgy","authors":"S. Gao, M. Zhang, Z.X. Wang, Z. Wang, N. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"Although fine equiaxed structure benefits both strength and ductility in titanium alloys, it is often considered incompatible with high toughness, for its insufficient ability to deflect propagating cracks compared to coarse lamellar structure. This work reports an excellent combination of standard Charpy impact toughness (∼100 J) and yield strength (∼820 MPa) in a powder metallurgy titanium alloy with fine equiaxed structure (∼1.5 μm), wherein the <em>β</em> matrix exists as equiaxed nodules and fine ligaments for globularization of <em>α</em> grains. The impact curve divided with the “compliance changing rate” (CCR) method indicates that the energy consumed by crack propagation is dominant (∼82%) during the impact process. Fractographic and structural examinations indicate that multiple micro-voids nucleation near boundaries between fine <em>β</em> ligaments and <em>α</em> grains mitigates local stress concentration, and that coordinated deformation between equiaxed <em>β</em> nodules and <em>α</em> grains hinders crack propagation, which together enable the excellent combination of yield strength and impact toughness. Our work provides a new pathway for designing impact-resistant titanium alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.067
Chen-Wei Liu, Jianchao Li, Xiang Gao, Yongkun Mu, Zhouyang He, Huan Wang, Yandong Jia, Bo Yuan, Gang Wang, Hua-Xin Peng
Reinforcement distribution tailoring has been proven effective in strengthening and toughening titanium matrix composites (TMCs). In this work, the analysis of the Ti64 (Ti-6Al-4V)-B phase diagram indicated that B content dominates the TiB distribution. With this philosophy, B content regulation was applied to tailor homogeneous and network structures in Ti64-B composites fabricated via laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (AM). The unique plate-like TiB attends inhomogeneous composites (Ti64-0.05B). However, in network composite (Ti64-0.25B), the TiB whisker (TiBw) arranges along prior β-Ti grains with the same orientation. Moreover, the synergistic improvement of strength (988 MPa → 1202 MPa), stiffness (106 GPa → 116 GPa), hardness (325 HV → 362 HV), and uniform elongation (5 % → 7.8 %) were achieved. This work exhibited a balanced strength/ductility trade-off, which provides a good guide on microstructure tailoring.
{"title":"Fundamental approach to superior trade-off between strength and ductility of TiB/Ti64 composites via additive manufacturing: From phase diagram to microstructural design","authors":"Chen-Wei Liu, Jianchao Li, Xiang Gao, Yongkun Mu, Zhouyang He, Huan Wang, Yandong Jia, Bo Yuan, Gang Wang, Hua-Xin Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.08.067","url":null,"abstract":"Reinforcement distribution tailoring has been proven effective in strengthening and toughening titanium matrix composites (TMCs). In this work, the analysis of the Ti64 (Ti-6Al-4V)-B phase diagram indicated that B content dominates the TiB distribution. With this philosophy, B content regulation was applied to tailor homogeneous and network structures in Ti64-B composites fabricated via laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (AM). The unique plate-like TiB attends inhomogeneous composites (Ti64-0.05B). However, in network composite (Ti64-0.25B), the TiB whisker (TiBw) arranges along prior β-Ti grains with the same orientation. Moreover, the synergistic improvement of strength (988 MPa → 1202 MPa), stiffness (106 GPa → 116 GPa), hardness (325 HV → 362 HV), and uniform elongation (5 % → 7.8 %) were achieved. This work exhibited a balanced strength/ductility trade-off, which provides a good guide on microstructure tailoring.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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