Metal powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB/M) 316L stainless steel exhibits anisotropic mechanical properties critical for nuclear components subjected to high-temperature low-cycle fatigue (LCF). This study systematically investigates anisotropy in microstructure, mechanical response, LCF properties, and fatigue reliability through microstructural characterization, nano-indentation, tensile tests, and strain-controlled LCF tests (550°C, 0.3 %–1.0 % strain amplitude). The melt pool, grain morphology, and lack-of-fusion defects exhibit distinct anisotropic features. The anisotropy in tensile and LCF properties of PBF-LB/M 316L is primarily attributed to <110>||BD texture and differences in the projected area of lack-of-fusion defects. And, the high-reliability LCF properties (N95%) of different orientated PBF-LB/M 316L are compared with traditional 316L, yielding the following ranking: traditional 316L > horizontal PBF-LB/M 316L > vertical PBF-LB/M 316L. Both the anisotropies in PBF-LB/M 316L fatigue reliability and the difference between PBF-LB/M and traditional 316L gradually decreased with the increasing strain amplitude.
{"title":"Anisotropy in low-cycle fatigue property and reliability of PBF-LB/M 316L stainless steel","authors":"Yefeng Chen, Cheng Gong, Anyao Mao, Lingfeng Pan, Xiaotao Zheng, Zhe Liu, Yawei Peng, Xiaowei Wang, Jianming Gong, Alexander Koch, Frank Walther","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.061","url":null,"abstract":"Metal powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB/M) 316L stainless steel exhibits anisotropic mechanical properties critical for nuclear components subjected to high-temperature low-cycle fatigue (LCF). This study systematically investigates anisotropy in microstructure, mechanical response, LCF properties, and fatigue reliability through microstructural characterization, nano-indentation, tensile tests, and strain-controlled LCF tests (550°C, 0.3 %–1.0 % strain amplitude). The melt pool, grain morphology, and lack-of-fusion defects exhibit distinct anisotropic features. The anisotropy in tensile and LCF properties of PBF-LB/M 316L is primarily attributed to <110>||BD texture and differences in the projected area of lack-of-fusion defects. And, the high-reliability LCF properties (<ce:italic>N</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">95%</ce:inf>) of different orientated PBF-LB/M 316L are compared with traditional 316L, yielding the following ranking: traditional 316L > horizontal PBF-LB/M 316L > vertical PBF-LB/M 316L. Both the anisotropies in PBF-LB/M 316L fatigue reliability and the difference between PBF-LB/M and traditional 316L gradually decreased with the increasing strain amplitude.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147392944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.037
Hao-Ran Jiang, Yi-Fan Gao, Lu Cao, Qiu Zhong, Yong-Kun Mu, Yan-dong Jia, Qing Wang, Jingli Ren, Bo Zhang, Gang Wang
With conventional rheological methods, viscosity measurements of metallic glass-forming liquids (MGFLs) are difficult across the glass transition up to the liquidus as well as in the superheated state, owing to their strong crystallization tendencies and/or container-related chemical reaction interference. In this work, by combining state-of-the-art containerless electrostatic levitation (ESL) technology aboard the China space station (CSS) with fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC), we have investigated the viscosity behavior of MGFLs in much more detail over the extended temperature region, being generally inaccessible before. In a 10−5g0 microgravity environment, liquid droplets attain nearly perfect sphericity during in‑orbit experiments, thereby ensuring precise measurements of thermophysical properties. The use of FDSC and ESL in outer space not only narrows the viscosity gap in the undercooled liquid by ∼6 orders of magnitude but also raises the upper measurable limit in the high-temperature melt by ∼110 K, yielding a more complete viscosity dataset across the entire temperature range. The temperature dependence of viscosity is well fitted by the double exponential form of the Mauro–Yue–Ellison–Gupta–Allan model, which incorporates the concept of a dynamic fragile-to-strong transition in the undercooled liquid. The findings in this work not only provide a valuable dataset for theoretical modeling and engineering practice but also demonstrate the promise of ESL aboard the CSS and FDSC for dynamics studies of MGFLs.
{"title":"Viscosity of a metallic glass-forming liquid by high-rate calorimetry and containerless electrostatic levitation in microgravity","authors":"Hao-Ran Jiang, Yi-Fan Gao, Lu Cao, Qiu Zhong, Yong-Kun Mu, Yan-dong Jia, Qing Wang, Jingli Ren, Bo Zhang, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"With conventional rheological methods, viscosity measurements of metallic glass-forming liquids (MGFLs) are difficult across the glass transition up to the liquidus as well as in the superheated state, owing to their strong crystallization tendencies and/or container-related chemical reaction interference. In this work, by combining state-of-the-art containerless electrostatic levitation (ESL) technology aboard the China space station (CSS) with fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC), we have investigated the viscosity behavior of MGFLs in much more detail over the extended temperature region, being generally inaccessible before. In a 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−5</ce:sup><ce:italic>g</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf> microgravity environment, liquid droplets attain nearly perfect sphericity during in‑orbit experiments, thereby ensuring precise measurements of thermophysical properties. The use of FDSC and ESL in outer space not only narrows the viscosity gap in the undercooled liquid by ∼6 orders of magnitude but also raises the upper measurable limit in the high-temperature melt by ∼110 K, yielding a more complete viscosity dataset across the entire temperature range. The temperature dependence of viscosity is well fitted by the double exponential form of the Mauro–Yue–Ellison–Gupta–Allan model, which incorporates the concept of a dynamic fragile-to-strong transition in the undercooled liquid. The findings in this work not only provide a valuable dataset for theoretical modeling and engineering practice but also demonstrate the promise of ESL aboard the CSS and FDSC for dynamics studies of MGFLs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147392946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.004
Lei Wu, Tianhui Cao, Yanting Xu, Qi Fu, Yanxi Zhao, Xincheng Yan, Chuan Wang
The corrosion mechanism of Zr702-based alloys in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 with/without 10 ppm F− was systematically investigated with emphasis on fluoride-oxide-impurity interactions. In a fluoride-free solution, a duplex passive film composed of amorphous ZrO2 and crystalline suboxide ensured stable passivation. Trace F− penetrated and dissolved the amorphous oxide, forming ZrF4/ZrOxFy and inducing a transition to defect-mediated corrosion. Fluoride redistribution and Fe enrichment promoted localized attack, contributing to the formation of deep corrosion tunnels in the film, whereas reduced impurity content improved film stability. A coupled chemical-electrochemical mechanism governing fluoride-induced degradation is proposed.
{"title":"Effect of Fe and Hf on the corrosion behavior of Zr702 in trace fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution","authors":"Lei Wu, Tianhui Cao, Yanting Xu, Qi Fu, Yanxi Zhao, Xincheng Yan, Chuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion mechanism of Zr702-based alloys in 0.5 mol/L H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> with/without 10 ppm F<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> was systematically investigated with emphasis on fluoride-oxide-impurity interactions. In a fluoride-free solution, a duplex passive film composed of amorphous ZrO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and crystalline suboxide ensured stable passivation. Trace F<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> penetrated and dissolved the amorphous oxide, forming ZrF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>/ZrO<ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf></ce:italic>F<ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">y</ce:inf></ce:italic> and inducing a transition to defect-mediated corrosion. Fluoride redistribution and Fe enrichment promoted localized attack, contributing to the formation of deep corrosion tunnels in the film, whereas reduced impurity content improved film stability. A coupled chemical-electrochemical mechanism governing fluoride-induced degradation is proposed.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147392945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strengthening from solute atom clusters has the potential to achieve excellent comprehensive performance in Al alloys. In this work, an atomic cluster thermo-mechanical treatment (ACTMT) is developed to enhance fatigue crack propagation resistance, as well as attain a strength-ductility balance in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The ACTMT processed alloy achieves an ultimate tensile strength of 498.2 MPa together with 12.7% elongation. ACTMT treatment promotes the formation of high-density Cu-Mg clusters (5.93 × 106 μm−3) and Goss texture with high intensity. The high-density Cu-Mg clusters facilitate planar reversible slip and reduce crack-tip damage accumulation, while the texture configuration containing Goss texture promotes crack deflection, ultimately improving the alloy’s fatigue resistance. This research offers an innovative perspective on the advancement of aluminum alloys with superior comprehensive performance.
{"title":"Achieving high comprehensive performance in Al-Cu-Mg alloy via atomic cluster thermo-mechanical treatment","authors":"Zhiguo Chen, Yankai Zhou, Conglin Wang, Fuping Zou, Tarek Khelfa","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.036","url":null,"abstract":"Strengthening from solute atom clusters has the potential to achieve excellent comprehensive performance in Al alloys. In this work, an atomic cluster thermo-mechanical treatment (ACTMT) is developed to enhance fatigue crack propagation resistance, as well as attain a strength-ductility balance in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy. The ACTMT processed alloy achieves an ultimate tensile strength of 498.2 MPa together with 12.7% elongation. ACTMT treatment promotes the formation of high-density Cu-Mg clusters (5.93 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">6</ce:sup> μm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−3</ce:sup>) and Goss texture with high intensity. The high-density Cu-Mg clusters facilitate planar reversible slip and reduce crack-tip damage accumulation, while the texture configuration containing Goss texture promotes crack deflection, ultimately improving the alloy’s fatigue resistance. This research offers an innovative perspective on the advancement of aluminum alloys with superior comprehensive performance.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147392947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of manganese (Mn) content on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior, precipitation evolution, and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Mg-9.5Gd-3Y-1Zn alloy. A series of alloys with Mn additions of 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% were designed for comparative analysis. The results demonstrate that Mn addition effectively refines grain size after homogenization. During hot extrusion, the addition of Mn promotes the dynamic precipitation of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, which in turn stimulates the formation of kink bands (KBs) to accommodate plastic strain. These KBs hinder the dislocation movement, facilitating the continuous DRX process and leading to a significantly increased volume fraction of DRXed grains. Concurrently, α-Mn particles effectively pin grain boundary migration, resulting in finer DRXed grains. The segregation of Mn atoms along the KB structures promotes the static precipitation of γ'' and cluster-arranged layers during subsequent aging treatment, providing an additional strengthening increment. The Mg-9.5Gd-3Y-1Zn alloy with 0.7 wt.% Mn exhibits an excellent ultimate tensile strength of 514 MPa following hot extrusion and peak-aging treatment. This outstanding strength is attributed to the combined contributions of grain refinement, dynamic precipitation of LPSO phases during extrusion, static precipitation of β' phases during aging, and the strengthening effect of KBs with solute atom segregation.
{"title":"Enhancement of mechanical properties in a Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy by micro-alloying with Mn via the synergetic effects of kink bands, LPSO, and β' precipitates","authors":"Qing Wang, Zelong Du, Zhirou Zhang, Yafei Liu, Chao Xu, Guang Zeng, Yanjin Xu, Zongning Chen, Huijun Kang, Enyu Guo, Yiping Lu, Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of manganese (Mn) content on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior, precipitation evolution, and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Mg-9.5Gd-3Y-1Zn alloy. A series of alloys with Mn additions of 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% were designed for comparative analysis. The results demonstrate that Mn addition effectively refines grain size after homogenization. During hot extrusion, the addition of Mn promotes the dynamic precipitation of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, which in turn stimulates the formation of kink bands (KBs) to accommodate plastic strain. These KBs hinder the dislocation movement, facilitating the continuous DRX process and leading to a significantly increased volume fraction of DRXed grains. Concurrently, α-Mn particles effectively pin grain boundary migration, resulting in finer DRXed grains. The segregation of Mn atoms along the KB structures promotes the static precipitation of γ<em>''</em> and cluster-arranged layers during subsequent aging treatment, providing an additional strengthening increment. The Mg-9.5Gd-3Y-1Zn alloy with 0.7 wt.% Mn exhibits an excellent ultimate tensile strength of 514 MPa following hot extrusion and peak-aging treatment. This outstanding strength is attributed to the combined contributions of grain refinement, dynamic precipitation of LPSO phases during extrusion, static precipitation of β<em>'</em> phases during aging, and the strengthening effect of KBs with solute atom segregation.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irradiation stability of Cr-based protective coatings on zirconium alloys is critical for the development of accident-tolerant fuel claddings. However, conventional surface irradiation often produces shallow, nonuniform damage, obscuring interfacial behavior. In this study, we perform cross-sectional He2+ irradiation to directly examine the interfacial response and He bubble evolution across Cr monolayer and Cr/CrAlSiN multilayer coatings on Zr substrates. Irradiation was carried out at 500 and 750 °C to doses of 2–3 displacements per atom (dpa), enabling a direct comparison of temperature-dependent microstructural evolution. In the Cr monolayer, He implantation produced a homogeneous distribution of nanoscale bubbles throughout the damaged region and large cavities at the Cr/Zr interface, indicating severe Kirkendall-type voiding and interfacial decohesion at elevated temperature. In contrast, the Cr/CrAlSiN multilayer exhibited a periodically modulated bubble distribution, with bubble fragmentation and transformation into nanoscale platelets at CrAlSiN interfaces. A N-enriched Zr(N) interlayer formed spontaneously at the CrAlSiN/Zr interface, effectively suppressing bubble accumulation and interdiffusion. The nanochannel interfaces acted as He sinks and diffusion barriers, enhancing interfacial bonding and mitigating swelling. This work demonstrates that cross-sectional ion irradiation is a powerful approach for probing interfacial stability in multilayer systems, offering new insights into He-defect interactions and radiation tolerance engineering at buried interfaces. The findings highlight the potential of Cr/CrAlSiN multilayers as advanced coating architectures for high-temperature nuclear environments.
{"title":"Cross-sectional helium irradiation revealing interface-controlled bubble evolution in Cr/CrAlSiN multilayer coatings on zirconium alloys","authors":"Renda Wang, Xue Bai, Xueliang Pei, Sijie Liu, Chunfan Liu, Ping Yu, Bingsheng Li, Nabil Daghbouj, Tomas Polcar, Fanping Meng, Fangfang Ge, Qing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"The irradiation stability of Cr-based protective coatings on zirconium alloys is critical for the development of accident-tolerant fuel claddings. However, conventional surface irradiation often produces shallow, nonuniform damage, obscuring interfacial behavior. In this study, we perform cross-sectional He<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> irradiation to directly examine the interfacial response and He bubble evolution across Cr monolayer and Cr/CrAlSiN multilayer coatings on Zr substrates. Irradiation was carried out at 500 and 750 °C to doses of 2–3 displacements per atom (dpa), enabling a direct comparison of temperature-dependent microstructural evolution. In the Cr monolayer, He implantation produced a homogeneous distribution of nanoscale bubbles throughout the damaged region and large cavities at the Cr/Zr interface, indicating severe Kirkendall-type voiding and interfacial decohesion at elevated temperature. In contrast, the Cr/CrAlSiN multilayer exhibited a periodically modulated bubble distribution, with bubble fragmentation and transformation into nanoscale platelets at CrAlSiN interfaces. A N-enriched Zr(N) interlayer formed spontaneously at the CrAlSiN/Zr interface, effectively suppressing bubble accumulation and interdiffusion. The nanochannel interfaces acted as He sinks and diffusion barriers, enhancing interfacial bonding and mitigating swelling. This work demonstrates that cross-sectional ion irradiation is a powerful approach for probing interfacial stability in multilayer systems, offering new insights into He-defect interactions and radiation tolerance engineering at buried interfaces. The findings highlight the potential of Cr/CrAlSiN multilayers as advanced coating architectures for high-temperature nuclear environments.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.003
Yang Chen, Fei Yan, Changxing Zhang, Jin Huang, JiaJia Liao, Ke Cao, Shijie Jia, Yuxin Fan, Min Liao, Yichun Zhou
To address the challenges of structural stability-dependent polarization, we have introduced a focused ion beam engineering strategy that enables precise modulation of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films in this study. Guided by Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally implemented through focused gallium ion beam implantation followed by rapid thermal annealing, excellent ferroelectricity is selectively induced in hafnium oxide thin films. Structural analyses combining X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope confirm the formation of the orthorhombic phase, while the piezoresponse force microscope directly evidences electric field-driven out-of-plane polarization switching. Notably, stable ferroelectric behavior is retained across a wide annealing window of 550–700°C, underscoring the robustness of the approach. These findings highlight that gallium ion implantation provides a powerful means to manipulate the stability of the orthorhombic phase, thereby unlocking controllable and reliable ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films for device applications in advanced technology.
{"title":"Precise tuning of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films via focused ion beam implantation","authors":"Yang Chen, Fei Yan, Changxing Zhang, Jin Huang, JiaJia Liao, Ke Cao, Shijie Jia, Yuxin Fan, Min Liao, Yichun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenges of structural stability-dependent polarization, we have introduced a focused ion beam engineering strategy that enables precise modulation of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films in this study. Guided by Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally implemented through focused gallium ion beam implantation followed by rapid thermal annealing, excellent ferroelectricity is selectively induced in hafnium oxide thin films. Structural analyses combining X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope confirm the formation of the orthorhombic phase, while the piezoresponse force microscope directly evidences electric field-driven out-of-plane polarization switching. Notably, stable ferroelectric behavior is retained across a wide annealing window of 550–700°C, underscoring the robustness of the approach. These findings highlight that gallium ion implantation provides a powerful means to manipulate the stability of the orthorhombic phase, thereby unlocking controllable and reliable ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide thin films for device applications in advanced technology.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.033
Lu Guo, Lian Wu, Xiong Nie, Renyu Liang, Yuchuan Jiang, Dongdong Li, Minghan Sun
Pressureless sintering provides a cost-effective method for producing highly homogeneous β/γ-TiAl alloys. However, Al powder or master alloy (MA) powder undergoes an intense exothermic reaction with Ti. The resulting volume expansion and Kirkendall effect consequently lead to low relative density and impaired mechanical properties. Using a mixed powder system of TiMA and TiH2 powders significantly improved densification, reaching 98.8% ± 0.1%. Moreover, the room-temperature compressive properties of TiAl alloys prepared by pressureless sintering outperformed those fabricated via most other processes; at 800°C, the alloys exhibit high-temperature properties comparable to rolled TiAl alloys. Through gradient sintering (700–1100°C) and relevant characterizations, we found that the introduction of Ti into MA transformed the reaction-controlled phase transition into a diffusion-controlled one, avoiding the formation of coarse pores caused by intense exothermic reactions. Additionally, the change in interfacial reaction products from TiAl2 to TiAl balances the mass transfer of Ti and Al elements during sintering, thereby reducing Kirkendall pores. Furthermore, the presence of β phase at the γ-TiAl/Ti2Al interface provides a new channel for V diffusion, which promotes high homogenization of the sintered TiAl alloys. This work enables the fabrication of high-density, highly homogeneous, and low-cost TiAl alloys.
{"title":"Reactive sintering for densification and homogenization of β/γ-TiAl alloys using Ti-containing master alloy powders (TiMA)","authors":"Lu Guo, Lian Wu, Xiong Nie, Renyu Liang, Yuchuan Jiang, Dongdong Li, Minghan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"Pressureless sintering provides a cost-effective method for producing highly homogeneous β/γ-TiAl alloys. However, Al powder or master alloy (MA) powder undergoes an intense exothermic reaction with Ti. The resulting volume expansion and Kirkendall effect consequently lead to low relative density and impaired mechanical properties. Using a mixed powder system of TiMA and TiH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> powders significantly improved densification, reaching 98.8% ± 0.1%. Moreover, the room-temperature compressive properties of TiAl alloys prepared by pressureless sintering outperformed those fabricated via most other processes; at 800°C, the alloys exhibit high-temperature properties comparable to rolled TiAl alloys. Through gradient sintering (700–1100°C) and relevant characterizations, we found that the introduction of Ti into MA transformed the reaction-controlled phase transition into a diffusion-controlled one, avoiding the formation of coarse pores caused by intense exothermic reactions. Additionally, the change in interfacial reaction products from TiAl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> to TiAl balances the mass transfer of Ti and Al elements during sintering, thereby reducing Kirkendall pores. Furthermore, the presence of β phase at the γ-TiAl/Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>Al interface provides a new channel for V diffusion, which promotes high homogenization of the sintered TiAl alloys. This work enables the fabrication of high-density, highly homogeneous, and low-cost TiAl alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, the interactions between various active sites and interfacial water influence the activation and reaction kinetics of water and CO2 reactants, leading to differences in product distribution. However, detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein, we develop single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring isolated single-atom Ni and Co sites, as well as a dual single-atom catalyst (DSAC) consisting of ensembles of Ni and Co single atoms, to systematically investigate the influences of the interactions between single-atom sites and interfacial water for CO2 electroreduction to CO and syngas. Combined electrochemical and in-situ spectroscopic studies reveal that Ni sites selectively convert CO2 to CO, while Co sites promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, due to their distinct interactions with interfacial water that modify local hydrogen-bond network rigidity and reaction kinetics. At industrial current densities (50 to 300 mA cm−2), Ni SAC achieves ∼100% CO Faradaic efficiency, whereas Co SAC produces syngas (CO/H2 ≈ 0.5). In Ni-Co DSAC, synergistic regulation tunes the CO/H2 ratio to ∼2. This work highlights the critical role of site-specific water interactions in steering selectivity and provides guidance for designing catalysts for multi-product electrocatalysis.
{"title":"Unravelling the effects of interactions between interfacial water and atomic metal sites for CO2 electroreduction to CO and syngas","authors":"Qi Tang, Qi Hao, Junxiu Wu, Boyan Liu, Yingjuan Zhang, Zhiyuan Huang, Linxuan Xie, Kai Liu, Depeng Wang, Haixia Zhong, Tianpin Wu, Xinbo Zhang, Songcan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"In the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction, the interactions between various active sites and interfacial water influence the activation and reaction kinetics of water and CO<sub>2</sub> reactants, leading to differences in product distribution. However, detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein, we develop single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring isolated single-atom Ni and Co sites, as well as a dual single-atom catalyst (DSAC) consisting of ensembles of Ni and Co single atoms, to systematically investigate the influences of the interactions between single-atom sites and interfacial water for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction to CO and syngas. Combined electrochemical and in-situ spectroscopic studies reveal that Ni sites selectively convert CO<sub>2</sub> to CO, while Co sites promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, due to their distinct interactions with interfacial water that modify local hydrogen-bond network rigidity and reaction kinetics. At industrial current densities (50 to 300 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), Ni SAC achieves ∼100% CO Faradaic efficiency, whereas Co SAC produces syngas (CO/H<sub>2</sub> ≈ 0.5). In Ni-Co DSAC, synergistic regulation tunes the CO/H<sub>2</sub> ratio to ∼2. This work highlights the critical role of site-specific water interactions in steering selectivity and provides guidance for designing catalysts for multi-product electrocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147380871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.002
Meng Li, Wenjun Zhu, Zhigang Wang
Molecular topology represents a critical yet underexplored dimension in optimizing organic photocatalysts. A topology regulation strategy involving donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers with differing topological arrangements but identical chemical components has been reported to effectively modulate charge dynamics. Comprehensive investigations reveal that the D-A2 motif affords enhanced backbone planarity, decreased exciton binding energy, and superior charge separation compared to the D-A3 motif. Consequently, the optimized polymer achieves a hydrogen production rate of 516.7 mmol g−1 h−1, highlighting topology as a pivotal design parameter for D-A conjugated polymers.
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