Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.002
R. Lyu, Hai Liu, D. Ju
The application of new materials is an important direction for automotive lightweighting. On the basis of ensuring the comprehensive performance of components, the optimization of new material structures through topology optimization methods can further improve the level of lightweight components. This paper takes the automobile frame as the research object, based on the magnesium alloy, studies the frame topology with the objective function of mass and strength under multiple working conditions, and realizes the lightweight of the automobile frame structure through the multi-objective topology optimization method. According to the topological optimization method of penalty function for solid isotropic materials, the objective function of the quality topology optimization and the objective function of intensity topology optimization under multi-operating conditions are defined by the compromised programming approach. This method avoids the disadvantage that single-target topology optimization cannot consider other factors and is suitable for multi-objective topology optimization of continuum structures.
{"title":"Lightweight Frame Topology Optimization Method Based on Multi-objective","authors":"R. Lyu, Hai Liu, D. Ju","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.002","url":null,"abstract":"The application of new materials is an important direction for automotive lightweighting. On the basis of ensuring the comprehensive performance of components, the optimization of new material structures through topology optimization methods can further improve the level of lightweight components. This paper takes the automobile frame as the research object, based on the magnesium alloy, studies the frame topology with the objective function of mass and strength under multiple working conditions, and realizes the lightweight of the automobile frame structure through the multi-objective topology optimization method. According to the topological optimization method of penalty function for solid isotropic materials, the objective function of the quality topology optimization and the objective function of intensity topology optimization under multi-operating conditions are defined by the compromised programming approach. This method avoids the disadvantage that single-target topology optimization cannot consider other factors and is suitable for multi-objective topology optimization of continuum structures.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87070697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.003
Masaaki Takahashi, Y. Takemoto, Eiji Yuuki, K. Seno
The phosphorus recovery from charcoal of sewage sludge by an incineration method was investigated. The charcoal of sewage sludge was mixed with alkali metal hydroxide and incinerated at 750 °C in aerobic conditions. The phosphorus was successfully recovered as an alkali metal phosphate from the incinerated ash through water extraction. The recovery rate of the phosphorus reached about 75% to 80%. The appropriate condition of the phosphorus recovery and composition of the recovered phosphorus were investigated.
{"title":"Phosphorus Recovery from Charcoal of Sewage Sludge by Incineration Treatment","authors":"Masaaki Takahashi, Y. Takemoto, Eiji Yuuki, K. Seno","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.003","url":null,"abstract":"The phosphorus recovery from charcoal of sewage sludge by an incineration method was investigated. The charcoal of sewage sludge was mixed with alkali metal hydroxide and incinerated at 750 °C in aerobic conditions. The phosphorus was successfully recovered as an alkali metal phosphate from the incinerated ash through water extraction. The recovery rate of the phosphorus reached about 75% to 80%. The appropriate condition of the phosphorus recovery and composition of the recovered phosphorus were investigated.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84799465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerome Sambou, A. Ehemba, M. Socé, A. Diao, M. Dieng
In this article a frequency modulation study on a CIGS-based solar cells under the influence of incidence angle and gallium doping is made. The resolution of the minority carrier continuity equation allowed us to determine the density of minority carriers, the photocurrent density and photovoltage expressions according to modulation frequency, wavelength, incidence angle and gallium doping. Incidence angle and Gallium doping tend to decrease the performance of the solar cell by degrading its intrinsic properties.
{"title":"Frequency Modulation Study of a Monofacial Solar Cells Based on Copper Indium and Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) under Monochromatic Illumination: Influence of Incidence Angle and Gallium Doping","authors":"Gerome Sambou, A. Ehemba, M. Socé, A. Diao, M. Dieng","doi":"10.12691/AJMSE-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSE-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this article a frequency modulation study on a CIGS-based solar cells under the influence of incidence angle and gallium doping is made. The resolution of the minority carrier continuity equation allowed us to determine the density of minority carriers, the photocurrent density and photovoltage expressions according to modulation frequency, wavelength, incidence angle and gallium doping. Incidence angle and Gallium doping tend to decrease the performance of the solar cell by degrading its intrinsic properties.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This project work was to carry out with the objective of extraction of oil from castor seeds and its utilization to produce a synthetic detergent. The detergent production was obtained from castor beans by using pre-treatment of castor seed, extraction of castor oil, neutralization and sulphation methods. Chemical extraction method was employed in extracting the oil and the total percent oil yield was 38%. The detergent efficiency was determined as a measure of the foamability of the detergent. The pH tests revealed mildly basic properties. The colour, scent and efficiency of the detergent were improved with the addition of bleaching agent, perfume and foaming agents respectively. The result obtained for the extraction showed an average percent oil extracted was 38%. This value is low relative to the literature; using N-hexane 46% up to 55% oil was extracted. The low yield was attributed to the nature of the seeds and difference in solvent. Moreover, the sulphation and neutralization gave a powered detergent of high enough efficiently as seen from the result of the foamability test. Usually, the efficiency of washing power was assessed through the amount of foam its capability of producing. The presence of persistent foam exemplifies a good detergent. The foam height of 2.5cm persisted for about 4 minutes and this is good relative to the literature 2.6cm with the standard value. The detergent formed was the result of esterification of the castor oil.
{"title":"Production of Detergent from Castor Seed and Optimization of Parameters Affecting Its Productivity","authors":"Enkuahone Abebe Alamineh","doi":"10.12691/ajmse-6-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmse-6-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"This project work was to carry out with the objective of extraction of oil from castor seeds and its utilization to produce a synthetic detergent. The detergent production was obtained from castor beans by using pre-treatment of castor seed, extraction of castor oil, neutralization and sulphation methods. Chemical extraction method was employed in extracting the oil and the total percent oil yield was 38%. The detergent efficiency was determined as a measure of the foamability of the detergent. The pH tests revealed mildly basic properties. The colour, scent and efficiency of the detergent were improved with the addition of bleaching agent, perfume and foaming agents respectively. The result obtained for the extraction showed an average percent oil extracted was 38%. This value is low relative to the literature; using N-hexane 46% up to 55% oil was extracted. The low yield was attributed to the nature of the seeds and difference in solvent. Moreover, the sulphation and neutralization gave a powered detergent of high enough efficiently as seen from the result of the foamability test. Usually, the efficiency of washing power was assessed through the amount of foam its capability of producing. The presence of persistent foam exemplifies a good detergent. The foam height of 2.5cm persisted for about 4 minutes and this is good relative to the literature 2.6cm with the standard value. The detergent formed was the result of esterification of the castor oil.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82062685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.10-17
A. Salehabadi, M. Salavati‐Niasari
Self-assembled strontium aluminum oxide (Sr3Al2O6)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via an in-situ preparation technique. Prior to nanocomposites preparation, nonscale Sr3Al2O6 was synthesized by a facial solution combustion method using glucose as a reductant (fuel). The lattice structure of Sr3Al2O6 was identified in its XRD patterns. Electrochemical hydrogen storage property of the samples (host, sensitizer, nanocomposites) was recorded to be around 3100, 2500 and 4000 mAh/g after 15 cycles, respectively.
{"title":"Self-Assembled Sr3Al2O6-CuPc Nanocomposites: A Potential Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Material","authors":"A. Salehabadi, M. Salavati‐Niasari","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.10-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.10-17","url":null,"abstract":"Self-assembled strontium aluminum oxide (Sr3Al2O6)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via an in-situ preparation technique. Prior to nanocomposites preparation, nonscale Sr3Al2O6 was synthesized by a facial solution combustion method using glucose as a reductant (fuel). The lattice structure of Sr3Al2O6 was identified in its XRD patterns. Electrochemical hydrogen storage property of the samples (host, sensitizer, nanocomposites) was recorded to be around 3100, 2500 and 4000 mAh/g after 15 cycles, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74427646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.1-9
M. Murata, M. Hino, R. Kuwano, S. Kurokawa
The gear shafts used in automotive transmissions are manufactured by forging high-toughness structural steels such as chrome steel or chrome-molybdenum steel, heat treating them, and then shaping the gear by cutting. In the conventional manufacturing process, there is waste of energy and work time because the forging and heat treatment processes for imparting machinability are separate. We present a new forging process that successfully imparts machinability by controlling the cooling time after forging. This research investigated the cutting machinability properties of materials made by the new SMART forging process. Mainly, as the result of investigating under the intermittent cutting about the progress of the tool wear, very good results could be obtained.
{"title":"Machinability of SMART Forged Materials in Intermittent Cutting","authors":"M. Murata, M. Hino, R. Kuwano, S. Kurokawa","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The gear shafts used in automotive transmissions are manufactured by forging high-toughness structural steels such as chrome steel or chrome-molybdenum steel, heat treating them, and then shaping the gear by cutting. In the conventional manufacturing process, there is waste of energy and work time because the forging and heat treatment processes for imparting machinability are separate. We present a new forging process that successfully imparts machinability by controlling the cooling time after forging. This research investigated the cutting machinability properties of materials made by the new SMART forging process. Mainly, as the result of investigating under the intermittent cutting about the progress of the tool wear, very good results could be obtained.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83807877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Horn, A. Ries, Wiebke S. Junior, M. Kühn, Anke Müller, C. Arend, G. Lührs, K. Dröder, Plant Kassel Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft P. O. Box Simulation Division
: Plastic-metal-hybrids are becoming more widely used for their high lightweight construction potential. In the field of hybrid composites, research has been developing rapidly for many years. The structural strength is a priority in research, so that measures of mechanical grouting of the metal insert surface lead to better traction results. Another benefit would be an impermeable joint zone. Therefore, the joint strength had been tested before and after alkaline-cleansing. The present paper proves the effects of alkaline-cleaned and untreated, laser-textured metal surfaces on the joint strength of plastic-metal-hybrids. The assessment showed a significant effect of the cleansing on the failure mechanism. In addition, the joint strength of all hybrid specimens was determined up to 15 MPa. The results of the examination also show a joint strength above the strength of the selected polymer material.
{"title":"Effect of Untreated and Alkaline-Cleaned Surfaces on the Joint Strength of Plastic-Metal-Hybrids","authors":"B. Horn, A. Ries, Wiebke S. Junior, M. Kühn, Anke Müller, C. Arend, G. Lührs, K. Dröder, Plant Kassel Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft P. O. Box Simulation Division","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1","url":null,"abstract":": Plastic-metal-hybrids are becoming more widely used for their high lightweight construction potential. In the field of hybrid composites, research has been developing rapidly for many years. The structural strength is a priority in research, so that measures of mechanical grouting of the metal insert surface lead to better traction results. Another benefit would be an impermeable joint zone. Therefore, the joint strength had been tested before and after alkaline-cleansing. The present paper proves the effects of alkaline-cleaned and untreated, laser-textured metal surfaces on the joint strength of plastic-metal-hybrids. The assessment showed a significant effect of the cleansing on the failure mechanism. In addition, the joint strength of all hybrid specimens was determined up to 15 MPa. The results of the examination also show a joint strength above the strength of the selected polymer material.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88027014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.32-38
H. Aripin, S. Mitsudo, I. Sudiana, B. Nundang, S. Sabchevski
In this paper, we present and discuss experimental results from a microwave sintering of a mullite ceramic, produced from a mixture of alumina and silica xerogel extracted from a sago waste ash. The composition has been prepared by adding 60 %wt amount of alumina into the silica xerogel. As a radiation source for the microwave heating, a 28 GHz wave gyrotron has been used. The influence of the sintering temperature on the structural properties was studied in detail. It has been found that the mixture crystallizes completely as a single mullite phase at a temperature of 1600°C after heating for 10 min at a temperature rate of 45oC/min. Most importantly, such result cannot be achieved by conventional heating. The results that have been obtained in this study allow one to conclude that the microwave sintering of using a 28 GHz gyrotron is an appropriate technological process for the production of mullite ceramics and is characterized by several advantages such as shorter times of the thermal cycle, lower sintering temperatures and higher quality of the final product.
{"title":"Volumetric Microwave Heating of Mullite Ceramic Using a 28 GHz Gyrotron","authors":"H. Aripin, S. Mitsudo, I. Sudiana, B. Nundang, S. Sabchevski","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.32-38","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present and discuss experimental results from a microwave sintering of a mullite ceramic, produced from a mixture of alumina and silica xerogel extracted from a sago waste ash. The composition has been prepared by adding 60 %wt amount of alumina into the silica xerogel. As a radiation source for the microwave heating, a 28 GHz wave gyrotron has been used. The influence of the sintering temperature on the structural properties was studied in detail. It has been found that the mixture crystallizes completely as a single mullite phase at a temperature of 1600°C after heating for 10 min at a temperature rate of 45oC/min. Most importantly, such result cannot be achieved by conventional heating. The results that have been obtained in this study allow one to conclude that the microwave sintering of using a 28 GHz gyrotron is an appropriate technological process for the production of mullite ceramics and is characterized by several advantages such as shorter times of the thermal cycle, lower sintering temperatures and higher quality of the final product.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84567074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-01DOI: 10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.18-22
Chang-Yuan Chen, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Chyan-Chyi Wu, C. Dai
This work fabricates doping/un-doping poly-Si nanowire sensor with various lengths by using top-down technique for measuring salt concentration. Experimental results indicate that the resolution is proportional to the nanowire length and dopant concentration. But the sensitivity is inversely proportional to the length nanowire length. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrates 10 applications with similar current-time response and shows good repeatability.
{"title":"Sodium Chloride Concentration Measurement by Using Doping/Un-doping Poly-silicon Nanowire Device","authors":"Chang-Yuan Chen, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Chyan-Chyi Wu, C. Dai","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.18-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.1.18-22","url":null,"abstract":"This work fabricates doping/un-doping poly-Si nanowire sensor with various lengths by using top-down technique for measuring salt concentration. Experimental results indicate that the resolution is proportional to the nanowire length and dopant concentration. But the sensitivity is inversely proportional to the length nanowire length. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrates 10 applications with similar current-time response and shows good repeatability.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76182940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.004
Nafisa Algorashy Mohammed
A new constant C (X) for any Banach space X is introduced. It is proved that C (X) < 2 implies the weak Banach–Saks property for the space X: In particular, C( ) is found for Cesàro sequence space (1 < p < ∞ ). Moreover, it is shown that the space (1 < p < ∞) has property .
对任意巴拿赫空间X引入了一个新的常数C (X)。证明了C(X) < 2暗示了空间X的弱Banach-Saks性质，特别是在Cesàro序列空间(1 < p <∞)下找到了C()。进一步证明了空间(1 < p <∞)具有性质。
{"title":"Banach–Saks Property and Property β InCesàro Sequence Spaces","authors":"Nafisa Algorashy Mohammed","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.004","url":null,"abstract":"A new constant C (X) for any Banach space X is introduced. It is proved that C (X) < 2 implies the weak Banach–Saks property for the space X: In particular, C( ) is found for Cesàro sequence space (1 < p < ∞ ). Moreover, it is shown that the space (1 < p < ∞) has property .","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73222914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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