Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.2.67-71
Johnson E Efome, Fan Yang, D. Rana, T. Matsuura, C. Lan
The recent combination of nano particles and polymer in fabricating polymeric membranes has shown immerse potentials in developing composite membrane materials for practical applications including pollutant sequestration, reverse osmosis and membrane distillation. Here, this study reports the functionalization of Polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun nanofibers by the addition of different nano fillers (CuO, TiO2, SiO2 and MOF-F300). The composite membrane materials were tested to determine their capability in the production of portable water from seawater by direct contact membrane distillation. Though the MOF composited membranes had the highest porosity, the flux shown by the TiO2 composited membrane was greatest amongst all the composites (up to 7.2 kg/m2·h) at a temperature difference of 27oC. The salt rejection for a 35 g/L NaCl solution was >99.9% for all membranes tested with permeate conductivities surpassing the drinking water standard. The attachment of nanofiber and support was significantly improved which is a key functionality in predicting long-term membrane durability, filler compatibility and flux stability of substrate composited membranes. This class of functionalized membranes materials are promising candidates for desalination and other membrane base applications.
{"title":"Functionalized PVDF Nanofiber Membranes for Desalination by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation","authors":"Johnson E Efome, Fan Yang, D. Rana, T. Matsuura, C. Lan","doi":"10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.2.67-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2018.6.2.67-71","url":null,"abstract":"The recent combination of nano particles and polymer in fabricating polymeric membranes has shown immerse potentials in developing composite membrane materials for practical applications including pollutant sequestration, reverse osmosis and membrane distillation. Here, this study reports the functionalization of Polyvinylidene fluoride electrospun nanofibers by the addition of different nano fillers (CuO, TiO2, SiO2 and MOF-F300). The composite membrane materials were tested to determine their capability in the production of portable water from seawater by direct contact membrane distillation. Though the MOF composited membranes had the highest porosity, the flux shown by the TiO2 composited membrane was greatest amongst all the composites (up to 7.2 kg/m2·h) at a temperature difference of 27oC. The salt rejection for a 35 g/L NaCl solution was >99.9% for all membranes tested with permeate conductivities surpassing the drinking water standard. The attachment of nanofiber and support was significantly improved which is a key functionality in predicting long-term membrane durability, filler compatibility and flux stability of substrate composited membranes. This class of functionalized membranes materials are promising candidates for desalination and other membrane base applications.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76451565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.001
M. Lindner, Konrad Vanselow, S. Gelbrich, L. Kroll
Fiber-plastic composites offer an interesting alternative to concrete reinforcement. In order to expand the application spectrum of reinforcing elements in fiber composite construction, a new steel-free bracing system with reduced radii of curvature has been developed. An improvement in load carrying capacity could be proven in extensive investigations based on international testing methods and verified by practical tests. With the help of newly reinforced precast concrete elements from the area of waterways and traffic routes, a high potential for lightweight construction and resource efficiency can be impressively demonstrated.
{"title":"Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Based Rebar and Stirrup Reinforcing Concrete Structures","authors":"M. Lindner, Konrad Vanselow, S. Gelbrich, L. Kroll","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.001","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-plastic composites offer an interesting alternative to concrete reinforcement. In order to expand the application spectrum of reinforcing elements in fiber composite construction, a new steel-free bracing system with reduced radii of curvature has been developed. An improvement in load carrying capacity could be proven in extensive investigations based on international testing methods and verified by practical tests. With the help of newly reinforced precast concrete elements from the area of waterways and traffic routes, a high potential for lightweight construction and resource efficiency can be impressively demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75000822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.002
Gao Huawei, Q. Shun, Zhao Jun
Ti-6Al-4V alloy was treated at 5 GPa pressure and 1,000 °C for 20 minutes, the room temperature creep deformation of the alloy before and after 5 GPa pressure treatment was measured. According to the microstructure analysis, the effect of high pressure heat treatment on room temperature creep property of Ti-6Al-4Valloy was investigated. The results show that room temperature creep in Ti-6Al-4V alloy before and after 5 GPa pressure treatment can occur, 5 GPa pressure treatment can reduce room temperature creep deformation, and leads to the creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy rises.
{"title":"Effect of High Pressure Heat Treatment on Room Temperature Creep Property of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Nanoindentation Technique","authors":"Gao Huawei, Q. Shun, Zhao Jun","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.002","url":null,"abstract":"Ti-6Al-4V alloy was treated at 5 GPa pressure and 1,000 °C for 20 minutes, the room temperature creep deformation of the alloy before and after 5 GPa pressure treatment was measured. According to the microstructure analysis, the effect of high pressure heat treatment on room temperature creep property of Ti-6Al-4Valloy was investigated. The results show that room temperature creep in Ti-6Al-4V alloy before and after 5 GPa pressure treatment can occur, 5 GPa pressure treatment can reduce room temperature creep deformation, and leads to the creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy rises.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78909346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.004
M. Syed, C. Glaser, C. Hynes, M. Syed
Gold (Au) thin films were deposited on SiO2 substrate under argon (Ar) gas environment using RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering at room temperature for various deposition times. These samples have been annealed at the temperature range of 250-450 °C. The change of the structural and surface morphological properties of both as-deposited and annealed films has been studied using an AFM (atomic force microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Raman scattering. The improvement of crystallinity was observed at the annealing temperature of 350 °C and degradation was found thereafter. In agreement with XRD and Raman measurements, both crystallite size and crystalline volume fraction were found to be increased having maximum at 350 °C and decreased afterward. This result can be explained by simple kinetic theory where sticking probabilities, Au structures agglomerated on SiO2 surfaces and surface coverage of Au atoms must be considered. Moreover, it can also be explained by the occurrence of two competing phenomena like roughening induced grain growth and smoothing induced inhibition of grain growth with increasing annealing time. Growth mechanisms are also discussed.
{"title":"Thermal Annealing of Gold Thin Films on the Structure and Surface Morphology Using RF Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"M. Syed, C. Glaser, C. Hynes, M. Syed","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.004","url":null,"abstract":"Gold (Au) thin films were deposited on SiO2 substrate under argon (Ar) gas environment using RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering at room temperature for various deposition times. These samples have been annealed at the temperature range of 250-450 °C. The change of the structural and surface morphological properties of both as-deposited and annealed films has been studied using an AFM (atomic force microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Raman scattering. The improvement of crystallinity was observed at the annealing temperature of 350 °C and degradation was found thereafter. In agreement with XRD and Raman measurements, both crystallite size and crystalline volume fraction were found to be increased having maximum at 350 °C and decreased afterward. This result can be explained by simple kinetic theory where sticking probabilities, Au structures agglomerated on SiO2 surfaces and surface coverage of Au atoms must be considered. Moreover, it can also be explained by the occurrence of two competing phenomena like roughening induced grain growth and smoothing induced inhibition of grain growth with increasing annealing time. Growth mechanisms are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85978865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study is to present and explain theoretically the influence of irradiation energy on the diffusion capacity of a bifacial CuInGaSe2 solar cell under monochromatic illumination in dynamic frequency regime. Using the equation of continuity of the minority charge carriers in the base, the density of these carriers is determined. Then the expressions of the phototension are deduced. From these quantities the expressions of the capacitance are calculated and the representations of the curve of these parameters as well as the representation of the BODE diagram are interpreted. The obtained values are proposed with the effect of the irradiation energy.
{"title":"Influence of Irradiation on the Diffusion’s Capacity of a Bifacial Solar Cell Containing Thin Film CIGS","authors":"S. Cisse, A. Ehemba, O. Diagne, M. Socé, M. Dieng","doi":"10.12691/AJMSE-6-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSE-6-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to present and explain theoretically the influence of irradiation energy on the diffusion capacity of a bifacial CuInGaSe2 solar cell under monochromatic illumination in dynamic frequency regime. Using the equation of continuity of the minority charge carriers in the base, the density of these carriers is determined. Then the expressions of the phototension are deduced. From these quantities the expressions of the capacitance are calculated and the representations of the curve of these parameters as well as the representation of the BODE diagram are interpreted. The obtained values are proposed with the effect of the irradiation energy.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.003
R. Abdulkarimova, A. J. Seidualiyeva, K. Kamunur
{"title":"Synthesis of Composite Materials Based on Borides of Metals and Aluminum Oxide under the Combustion Conditions","authors":"R. Abdulkarimova, A. J. Seidualiyeva, K. Kamunur","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73795723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.005
A. Erenler, R. Ogulata
{"title":"Prediction of Fabric Stiffness","authors":"A. Erenler, R. Ogulata","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75593311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Hybrids Composites of Carbon and Aramid Fibers to Reinforce Matrix of Epoxy Resins Part I","authors":"Arnaldo Morelli, José Antônio Garcia Croce, Célio Caminaga, Letícia Ramos Timarco","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73799405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.001
Meng Deliang
The effect of high pressure heat treatment on microstructure and compressive properties of low carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, hardness tester and compression test methods. The results show that martensite appears in low carbon steel at 1-5GPa GPa and 950 °C for 15 minutes treatment, high pressure heat treatment can improve the hardness and compressive properties of the steel, the yield strength of the steel increases with increasing pressure, and its compressive properties are better than that treated under normal pressure quenching.
{"title":"Effect of High Pressure Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Low Carbon Steel","authors":"Meng Deliang","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.3-4.001","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of high pressure heat treatment on microstructure and compressive properties of low carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, hardness tester and compression test methods. The results show that martensite appears in low carbon steel at 1-5GPa GPa and 950 °C for 15 minutes treatment, high pressure heat treatment can improve the hardness and compressive properties of the steel, the yield strength of the steel increases with increasing pressure, and its compressive properties are better than that treated under normal pressure quenching.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89191500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.004
U. Panigrahi, S. Torii
{"title":"Validity of Post Constraint of Electromagnetism in Multiferroic Materials","authors":"U. Panigrahi, S. Torii","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.3-4.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82083984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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