Pub Date : 2017-10-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.001
M. Waki, S. Chiba, Zhen-Qiang Song, Shijie Zhu, K. Ohyama
In this paper, a simple buoy was used for the power generation tests with a DE powered by waves in the two-dimensional wave tank and the experimental results were analyzed. This research result shows that the optimization of equipment shape and buoy based on the characteristics of the wave for power generation is very important. The extension and contraction of the DE are determined by the motion characteristics of the Heave of the simple shaped buoy model. Furthermore, in order to have freedom in tuning the motion characteristics of Heave, we found that a device capable of setting the spring characteristics of the DE to the smallest possible size with respect to the size of the floating body is necessary. By well matching these factors, high power generation with high efficiency can be realized in a real sea area.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Power Generation Performance of Dielectric Elastomer Wave Power Generator Mounted on a Square Type Floating Body","authors":"M. Waki, S. Chiba, Zhen-Qiang Song, Shijie Zhu, K. Ohyama","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a simple buoy was used for the power generation tests with a DE powered by waves in the two-dimensional wave tank and the experimental results were analyzed. This research result shows that the optimization of equipment shape and buoy based on the characteristics of the wave for power generation is very important. The extension and contraction of the DE are determined by the motion characteristics of the Heave of the simple shaped buoy model. Furthermore, in order to have freedom in tuning the motion characteristics of Heave, we found that a device capable of setting the spring characteristics of the DE to the smallest possible size with respect to the size of the floating body is necessary. By well matching these factors, high power generation with high efficiency can be realized in a real sea area.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73300671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.004
R. Mehdaoui, A. Khadraoui, A. Khelifa, K. Chouchane, A. Zerrouk
This paper describes the use of the EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) technique and potentiodynamic polarization in order to study the corrosion inhibition process of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution. Three anionic surfactants: GOS (gasoil sulfonate), KES (kerosene sulfonate) and HSS (heavy solvent sulfonate) have been synthesized from petroleum fractions and tested during corrosion of aluminium in 1 M HCl solution at 25 °C. The Nyquist diagrams consisted of a capacitive semicircle at high frequencies followed by a well defined inductive loop at low frequency values. The impedance measurements were interpreted according to a suitable equivalent circuit. The results obtained showed that the addition of the surfactants inhibits the hydrochloric acid corrosion of aluminium. The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the surfactant on the metal surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the surfactant acts predominately as cathodic inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with rising of the inhibitor concentration and decreases in the order: GOS > KES > HSS. The corrosion inhibiting mechanism is thought to proceed via an adsorption of the surfactant molecules on the aluminium surface, generating a film and hindering the active sites. Our experimental adsorption data were found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Optical images of the treated specimens, revealing the likely formation of a protective film, demonstrated the inhibiting capacity of the petroleum surfactants.
本文介绍了利用电化学阻抗谱技术和动电位极化技术研究铝在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀过程。以石油馏分为原料合成了三种阴离子表面活性剂:GOS(汽油磺酸盐)、KES(煤油磺酸盐)和HSS(重溶剂磺酸盐)，并对铝在1 M HCl溶液中25°C的腐蚀进行了测试。奈奎斯特图由一个高频电容半圆和一个定义良好的低频电感环组成。阻抗测量值根据合适的等效电路进行解释。结果表明，表面活性剂的加入抑制了盐酸对铝的腐蚀。这种缓蚀作用是通过表面活性剂在金属表面的吸附而发生的，而不改变腐蚀过程的机理。动电位极化测量表明，表面活性剂主要作为阴极抑制剂。缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大，其大小为GOS > KES > HSS。腐蚀抑制机制被认为是通过表面活性剂分子在铝表面的吸附，产生一层膜并阻碍活性位点进行的。实验数据符合Langmuir吸附等温线。经过处理的样品的光学图像显示可能形成保护膜，证明了石油表面活性剂的抑制能力。
{"title":"EIS Studies of Anionic Surfactants Inhibiting Effect of Al-2017 Corrosion in HCl Aqueous Solutions","authors":"R. Mehdaoui, A. Khadraoui, A. Khelifa, K. Chouchane, A. Zerrouk","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the use of the EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) technique and potentiodynamic polarization in order to study the corrosion inhibition process of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution. Three anionic surfactants: GOS (gasoil sulfonate), KES (kerosene sulfonate) and HSS (heavy solvent sulfonate) have been synthesized from petroleum fractions and tested during corrosion of aluminium in 1 M HCl solution at 25 °C. The Nyquist diagrams consisted of a capacitive semicircle at high frequencies followed by a well defined inductive loop at low frequency values. The impedance measurements were interpreted according to a suitable equivalent circuit. The results obtained showed that the addition of the surfactants inhibits the hydrochloric acid corrosion of aluminium. The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the surfactant on the metal surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the surfactant acts predominately as cathodic inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with rising of the inhibitor concentration and decreases in the order: GOS > KES > HSS. The corrosion inhibiting mechanism is thought to proceed via an adsorption of the surfactant molecules on the aluminium surface, generating a film and hindering the active sites. Our experimental adsorption data were found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Optical images of the treated specimens, revealing the likely formation of a protective film, demonstrated the inhibiting capacity of the petroleum surfactants.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80967136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.003
D. Mendiola, Ulises Arellano Sánchez, M. Palacios, Jin Wang, Li Fang Chen, F. Morales
A series of Ag nanoparticle materials supported in SiO2 were synthesized by the sol-gel method, with contents of 2, 5 and 10% w/w. The fresh samples were calcinated and reduced with H2 at 500 °C in order to obtain Ag. The materials obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, UV-vis spectroscopy, electronic transmission microscopy and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer). The antibacterial activity was observed in the deactivation of E. coli in its liquid phase, using the plate count method to identify viable CFU (colony forming units). The results show that the materials containing Ag nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 increase their bactericidal efficiency on the increase of the content and size of Ag nanoparticles.
{"title":"Bactericidal Action of Silver Nanoparticles Dispersed in Silica Synthesized through the Sol Gel Method","authors":"D. Mendiola, Ulises Arellano Sánchez, M. Palacios, Jin Wang, Li Fang Chen, F. Morales","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2017.9-10.003","url":null,"abstract":"A series of Ag nanoparticle materials supported in SiO2 were synthesized by the sol-gel method, with contents of 2, 5 and 10% w/w. The fresh samples were calcinated and reduced with H2 at 500 °C in order to obtain Ag. The materials obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, UV-vis spectroscopy, electronic transmission microscopy and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer). The antibacterial activity was observed in the deactivation of E. coli in its liquid phase, using the plate count method to identify viable CFU (colony forming units). The results show that the materials containing Ag nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 increase their bactericidal efficiency on the increase of the content and size of Ag nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74779786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.005
Y. Hamze
The actual requirements in the practice of renovation and reconstruction need detailed analysis for the exact theory concerning the general causes and effects on the materials of construction. In addition, these causes need to be categorized and treated individually in order to be available in the literature of the theory: Pathology of materials. This work is to analyze and classify the failure caused by many recognized effects upon buildings constructed from reinforced concrete or masonry bearings systems that attribute to the mentioned scientific line in the area of renovation and reconstruction. The objects of the categorizing and analysis are the following causes: (1) interior forces; (2) exterior forces. The result of research, testing, and the new theoretical information shows a significant process in the knowledge of serviceability, durability, strength and the age of construction materials especially the concrete. Obtaining the correct information about the concrete, as material required destructive and nondestructive testing, these help in getting results to assist in the analysis of concrete failures for putting up an adequate solution for its repairs. Results obtained from the theoretical study and laboratory testing reveled significant information on concrete failures.
{"title":"Categorization of Faults and Failures in Concrete Structures, Its Causes and Magnitude of Effects","authors":"Y. Hamze","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2017.9-10.005","url":null,"abstract":"The actual requirements in the practice of renovation and reconstruction need detailed analysis for the exact theory concerning the general causes and effects on the materials of construction. In addition, these causes need to be categorized and treated individually in order to be available in the literature of the theory: Pathology of materials. This work is to analyze and classify the failure caused by many recognized effects upon buildings constructed from reinforced concrete or masonry bearings systems that attribute to the mentioned scientific line in the area of renovation and reconstruction. The objects of the categorizing and analysis are the following causes: (1) interior forces; (2) exterior forces. The result of research, testing, and the new theoretical information shows a significant process in the knowledge of serviceability, durability, strength and the age of construction materials especially the concrete. Obtaining the correct information about the concrete, as material required destructive and nondestructive testing, these help in getting results to assist in the analysis of concrete failures for putting up an adequate solution for its repairs. Results obtained from the theoretical study and laboratory testing reveled significant information on concrete failures.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84567140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. S. Sagou, Séka Simplice Kouassi, Lébé Prisca M.-S. Kouakou, L. Konan, Y. J. Andji-Yapi, T. Allard
Cristallinity in kaolin samples from Gounioube’s deposit is studied. For this purpose, the behavior of iron and electronic defects related to irradiation damage in these clays is examined by using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy measurements, which point out the presence of structural defects in these materials. A deep inspection carried out by comparison of raw and bleached samples also confirms poorly cristallized samples kaolinite.
{"title":"Structural Order of Clays from Gounioube’s Deposit (Ivory Coast): Study by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","authors":"J. S. Sagou, Séka Simplice Kouassi, Lébé Prisca M.-S. Kouakou, L. Konan, Y. J. Andji-Yapi, T. Allard","doi":"10.12691/AJMSE-5-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSE-5-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cristallinity in kaolin samples from Gounioube’s deposit is studied. For this purpose, the behavior of iron and electronic defects related to irradiation damage in these clays is examined by using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy measurements, which point out the presence of structural defects in these materials. A deep inspection carried out by comparison of raw and bleached samples also confirms poorly cristallized samples kaolinite.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79549339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles (C/G)have been prepared by ionic gelation method. This was with a view to enhance the mechanical properties and its application as bone graft scaffold. The cowry shells were washed, dried, pulverized and subsequently sieved with mesh No. 60, size 250 µm. It was deproteinized, Chitin was isolated from the synthesis by demineralising in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid, and subsequently deacetylated by the addition of 40% (W/V) of Sodium hydroxide to synthesize chitosan. The raw chitosan was purified using 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution. The synthesized chitosan and gum arabic, a product of Acacia tree, were used to prepare chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. Mechanical characterization was carried out on the synthesized material using universal testing machine. Analysis of the chemical composition was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-Ray fluorescence, (XRF). Furthermore, the morphology of the materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy, SEM and the dimension of the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, an attempt was made to ascertain its suitability for bone regeneration. The FTIR spectra result confirmed that the nanoparticle was actually a derivative of chitosan by the observed shift in the peak 3462 to 3404cm-1. There is presence of a new peak at 1636 cm-1 and 1473 cm-1. Peak observed at 1080 cm-1, 860cm-1 and 712 cm-1 on C/G nanoparticles spectrum were similar to the native chitosan spectrum which shows that there was no change in the main backbone of chitosan structure. The scanning electron microscopy () study revealed chitosan as polymeric rods, while the chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles in aggregate. The TEM was to confirm nanoparticles of average size of 200nm. The ultimate compressive strength was found to have increased by 78.21%, the Young Modulus by 54.4 % and percentage elongation by 7%. In overall assessment, mechanical properties of the chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles were better than native chitosan. The study concluded that crosslinking of chitosan with gum arabic to form its nanoparticles derivative improved the mechanical properties of chitosan and consequently its application as a bone graft substitute for bone regeneration.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Gum Arabic Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration","authors":"C. Ibekwe, G. M. Oyatogun, T. Esan, K. Oluwasegun","doi":"10.12691/AJMSE-5-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJMSE-5-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles (C/G)have been prepared by ionic gelation method. This was with a view to enhance the mechanical properties and its application as bone graft scaffold. The cowry shells were washed, dried, pulverized and subsequently sieved with mesh No. 60, size 250 µm. It was deproteinized, Chitin was isolated from the synthesis by demineralising in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid, and subsequently deacetylated by the addition of 40% (W/V) of Sodium hydroxide to synthesize chitosan. The raw chitosan was purified using 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution. The synthesized chitosan and gum arabic, a product of Acacia tree, were used to prepare chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. Mechanical characterization was carried out on the synthesized material using universal testing machine. Analysis of the chemical composition was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-Ray fluorescence, (XRF). Furthermore, the morphology of the materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy, SEM and the dimension of the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, an attempt was made to ascertain its suitability for bone regeneration. The FTIR spectra result confirmed that the nanoparticle was actually a derivative of chitosan by the observed shift in the peak 3462 to 3404cm-1. There is presence of a new peak at 1636 cm-1 and 1473 cm-1. Peak observed at 1080 cm-1, 860cm-1 and 712 cm-1 on C/G nanoparticles spectrum were similar to the native chitosan spectrum which shows that there was no change in the main backbone of chitosan structure. The scanning electron microscopy () study revealed chitosan as polymeric rods, while the chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles in aggregate. The TEM was to confirm nanoparticles of average size of 200nm. The ultimate compressive strength was found to have increased by 78.21%, the Young Modulus by 54.4 % and percentage elongation by 7%. In overall assessment, mechanical properties of the chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles were better than native chitosan. The study concluded that crosslinking of chitosan with gum arabic to form its nanoparticles derivative improved the mechanical properties of chitosan and consequently its application as a bone graft substitute for bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88744699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.001
S. Hartuti, S. Kambara, A. Takeyama
The leaching behavior of arsenic (As) in coal fly ash collected from two different types of coal fired power plants (unit 1 and unit 2: 600 MWe) has been investigated to understand their behavior during combustion and effect of different boiler types on arsenic leachability. To determine dominant factors on arsenic leaching from coal fly ash, the change of arsenic chemical during coal combustion was predicted from the perspective of thermodynamic equilibrium and leaching test under alkaline condition. It found that, arsenic leaching fractions in unit 1 were higher than that of unit 2, it is associated with the amount of reactive CaO (calcium oxide) containing in coal fly ash from unit 1 was lower than that from unit 2. As2O3(gas) formed in the boiler reacts with CaO in the fly ash to form calcium arsenate Ca3(AsO4)2 which is thermodynamically stable calcium-arsenic compound. Hence the coal fly ash from unit 2 having higher CaO/Ash ratios generates more Ca3(AsO4)2 and has lower As leaching fraction than that from unit 1. CaO/Ash ratios were a promising index to reduce arsenic leachability from fly ash.
{"title":"Arsenic Leachability of Coal Fly Ashes from Different Types of Coal Fired Power Plants","authors":"S. Hartuti, S. Kambara, A. Takeyama","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.001","url":null,"abstract":"The leaching behavior of arsenic (As) in coal fly ash collected from two different types of coal fired power plants (unit 1 and unit 2: 600 MWe) has been investigated to understand their behavior during combustion and effect of different boiler types on arsenic leachability. To determine dominant factors on arsenic leaching from coal fly ash, the change of arsenic chemical during coal combustion was predicted from the perspective of thermodynamic equilibrium and leaching test under alkaline condition. It found that, arsenic leaching fractions in unit 1 were higher than that of unit 2, it is associated with the amount of reactive CaO (calcium oxide) containing in coal fly ash from unit 1 was lower than that from unit 2. As2O3(gas) formed in the boiler reacts with CaO in the fly ash to form calcium arsenate Ca3(AsO4)2 which is thermodynamically stable calcium-arsenic compound. Hence the coal fly ash from unit 2 having higher CaO/Ash ratios generates more Ca3(AsO4)2 and has lower As leaching fraction than that from unit 1. CaO/Ash ratios were a promising index to reduce arsenic leachability from fly ash.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84722394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.002
Warapa Susingrat, T. Sarakonsri, Nutpaphat Jarulertwathana, J. Jakmunee, K. D. Pham, Chung Hoeil
High efficiency but low cost FeNi nanoparticles supported on NG (nitrogen-doped graphene) catalysts for ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) were prepared by electrodeposition method. NG was obtained via thermal annealing of ball milled graphene with melamine. XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman, and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses showed multiple layers with a low degree of disorder and characteristic of pyridinic-N were a major feature. The deposition of FeNi was carried out potentiostatically with voltage of -7.0 and -6.0 V for 100 s at room temperature. Different concentration of FeCl2·4H2O and NiCl2·6H2 O in ethylene glycol solution was varied. XRD patterns confirmed FeNi alloy formation and SEM (scanning electron microscopes) images reviewed that 0.025 M FeNi solution achieved spherically dispersed FeNi nanoparticles with diameters of 50-100 nm cover on NG particles and some parts appear as corals shape dendrite cluster. Only spherical particles were observed in other conditions. Average sizes of particle vary without trend. CV analysis shows that catalysts prepared with 0.50 M and at -7.0 V which has the smallest particle sizes, gave higher performance over others and commercial Pt/C catalysts. Therefore, this catalyst is expected to have good performance in ORR.
{"title":"Electron Microscopy Investigation of FeNi/NrGO Nanocomposite Catalysts for Fuel Cells Application","authors":"Warapa Susingrat, T. Sarakonsri, Nutpaphat Jarulertwathana, J. Jakmunee, K. D. Pham, Chung Hoeil","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2017.7-8.002","url":null,"abstract":"High efficiency but low cost FeNi nanoparticles supported on NG (nitrogen-doped graphene) catalysts for ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) were prepared by electrodeposition method. NG was obtained via thermal annealing of ball milled graphene with melamine. XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman, and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses showed multiple layers with a low degree of disorder and characteristic of pyridinic-N were a major feature. The deposition of FeNi was carried out potentiostatically with voltage of -7.0 and -6.0 V for 100 s at room temperature. Different concentration of FeCl2·4H2O and NiCl2·6H2 O in ethylene glycol solution was varied. XRD patterns confirmed FeNi alloy formation and SEM (scanning electron microscopes) images reviewed that 0.025 M FeNi solution achieved spherically dispersed FeNi nanoparticles with diameters of 50-100 nm cover on NG particles and some parts appear as corals shape dendrite cluster. Only spherical particles were observed in other conditions. Average sizes of particle vary without trend. CV analysis shows that catalysts prepared with 0.50 M and at -7.0 V which has the smallest particle sizes, gave higher performance over others and commercial Pt/C catalysts. Therefore, this catalyst is expected to have good performance in ORR.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.007
M. Waki, S. Chiba, K. Ohyama, Shijie Zhu, N. Oya, Koji Fujita
From 2007 to 2015, we installed DE (dielectric elastomer) generators on a buoy, and succeeded in a demonstration of power generation at sea. In 2011, we also pointed out that DE generators could be useful for ships for the first time in the world. Using the know-how obtained at that time, we have recently developed an innovative wave-power generator for small ships, which can generate electric power by the rocking movement of the ship. Mounting this device on a model ship, we carried out a demonstration experiment of the power generation in a wave-generation water-tank to verify its feasibility for practical use on a real ship. And 48% of wave energy (gross value) can be converted to electric energy, suggesting the realization of fairly high efficiency power generation, compared with the efficiency of the existing wave generators.
{"title":"Development of Wave Generation Module for Small Ships Using Dielectric Elastomer","authors":"M. Waki, S. Chiba, K. Ohyama, Shijie Zhu, N. Oya, Koji Fujita","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.007","url":null,"abstract":"From 2007 to 2015, we installed DE (dielectric elastomer) generators on a buoy, and succeeded in a demonstration of power generation at sea. In 2011, we also pointed out that DE generators could be useful for ships for the first time in the world. Using the know-how obtained at that time, we have recently developed an innovative wave-power generator for small ships, which can generate electric power by the rocking movement of the ship. Mounting this device on a model ship, we carried out a demonstration experiment of the power generation in a wave-generation water-tank to verify its feasibility for practical use on a real ship. And 48% of wave energy (gross value) can be converted to electric energy, suggesting the realization of fairly high efficiency power generation, compared with the efficiency of the existing wave generators.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75844476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.001
Min-Chi Yeh, Pei Jen Lo, Weiliang Liu, K. Hsieh
This study describes the microstructure of a Zr-based alloy (Zr63.36Cu17.22Ni11.47Al7.95, at.%) under different cooling conditions. The Zr-based alloy can obtain completely amorphous structure, amorphous/nanocrystalline droplet and amorphous/crystalline composite structure by fast to slow cooling rate. It is interesting in the amorphous/nanocrystalline droplet composite that the average compositions of the droplet phase and amorphous matrix phase were same as the original alloy composition and the contrasts of BEI (back scatting image) were different. The droplet phase formed with (Al,Ni)2Zr3, and Zr2Ni(Al,Cu) nanocrystalline structures based on the analysis of XRD (X-ray diffractometry), EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). And Zr2Ni(Al,Cu) nanocrystalline phase transfers to the Zr2Cu(Al,Ni) phase after thermal treatment. The equilibrium phases of the alloy have been identified as Zr2Ni phase, Zr2Cu phase, Al2NiZr6 phase and τ3 (Zr51Cu28Al21, at.%) phase which reach four phases equilibrium at 1,073 K for one week.
{"title":"The Microstructure of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass and Glass Matrix Composite","authors":"Min-Chi Yeh, Pei Jen Lo, Weiliang Liu, K. Hsieh","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2017.7-8.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the microstructure of a Zr-based alloy (Zr63.36Cu17.22Ni11.47Al7.95, at.%) under different cooling conditions. The Zr-based alloy can obtain completely amorphous structure, amorphous/nanocrystalline droplet and amorphous/crystalline composite structure by fast to slow cooling rate. It is interesting in the amorphous/nanocrystalline droplet composite that the average compositions of the droplet phase and amorphous matrix phase were same as the original alloy composition and the contrasts of BEI (back scatting image) were different. The droplet phase formed with (Al,Ni)2Zr3, and Zr2Ni(Al,Cu) nanocrystalline structures based on the analysis of XRD (X-ray diffractometry), EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). And Zr2Ni(Al,Cu) nanocrystalline phase transfers to the Zr2Cu(Al,Ni) phase after thermal treatment. The equilibrium phases of the alloy have been identified as Zr2Ni phase, Zr2Cu phase, Al2NiZr6 phase and τ3 (Zr51Cu28Al21, at.%) phase which reach four phases equilibrium at 1,073 K for one week.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76676818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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