Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.003
K. Aoki, Shin Yamaguchi, Jingyuan Chen
: When hydrogen gas is bubbled in water until saturation, micro-bubbles with ca. 0.5 m in diameter have been detected in water by the dynamic light scattering, reportedly. A part of saturated hydrogen may take gas form, whereas it may take hydrated form. A question is how much molar ratio of the two forms. If hydrogen molecule is oxidized to hydronium ion, the volume of the solution including bubbles should decrease by the amount of gas form more predominantly than that of the hydronium one. Herein we oxidized the saturated hydrogen gas with potassium permanganate in the presence of platinum wire as catalyst. The decrease in the volume of the gas was compensated for addition of water so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas was able to be kept to the atmospheric pressure. From the decrease in the volume under the steady state, concentrations of H 2 in the gaseous form were evaluated at several temperatures to be ca. 0.4 mM, which is a half the saturated concentration of H 2 . They were almost independent of the temperature of
{"title":"Volumetry of Hydrogen Micro-bubbles Dispersed in Water","authors":"K. Aoki, Shin Yamaguchi, Jingyuan Chen","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.003","url":null,"abstract":": When hydrogen gas is bubbled in water until saturation, micro-bubbles with ca. 0.5 m in diameter have been detected in water by the dynamic light scattering, reportedly. A part of saturated hydrogen may take gas form, whereas it may take hydrated form. A question is how much molar ratio of the two forms. If hydrogen molecule is oxidized to hydronium ion, the volume of the solution including bubbles should decrease by the amount of gas form more predominantly than that of the hydronium one. Herein we oxidized the saturated hydrogen gas with potassium permanganate in the presence of platinum wire as catalyst. The decrease in the volume of the gas was compensated for addition of water so that the pressure of the hydrogen gas was able to be kept to the atmospheric pressure. From the decrease in the volume under the steady state, concentrations of H 2 in the gaseous form were evaluated at several temperatures to be ca. 0.4 mM, which is a half the saturated concentration of H 2 . They were almost independent of the temperature of","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82998138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.002
E. A. Hassan
Stains and staining methods significantly assist in diagnoses in medical research and health care. Certain color of a dye can identify the location of a tumor within a specimen. Applying histochemical-staining enabled morphological identification of fibrin in the lymphoid tissue during cancer progression. Staining methods in combination with the LSFM (light-sheet fluorescence microscopy) allowed tracing the drug penetration, development and spread of tumors. The Curcumin dye is in use for labelling and imaging of Aβ plaques in post-mortem brain tissue. Immunofluorescent staining methods are employed in detection of some important proteins in early diagnostic changes relevant to heart damage. The methods are developed in medical research to include stem cells and tissue engineering, cell cultures` properties and capabilities, connective tissues and extracellular matrix , nervous system , musculoskeletal system; respiratory system, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and male and female reproductive systems.
{"title":"Stain Materials’ Role in Biological Research: A Tool in Heath Care","authors":"E. A. Hassan","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.002","url":null,"abstract":"Stains and staining methods significantly assist in diagnoses in medical research and health care. Certain color of a dye can identify the location of a tumor within a specimen. Applying histochemical-staining enabled morphological identification of fibrin in the lymphoid tissue during cancer progression. Staining methods in combination with the LSFM (light-sheet fluorescence microscopy) allowed tracing the drug penetration, development and spread of tumors. The Curcumin dye is in use for labelling and imaging of Aβ plaques in post-mortem brain tissue. Immunofluorescent staining methods are employed in detection of some important proteins in early diagnostic changes relevant to heart damage. The methods are developed in medical research to include stem cells and tissue engineering, cell cultures` properties and capabilities, connective tissues and extracellular matrix , nervous system , musculoskeletal system; respiratory system, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and male and female reproductive systems.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74299207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.006
D. Sukhanov, N. Plotnikova
In this research was developed stages of formation troostite-carbide structure into pure Damascus steel ledeburite class type BU22А obtained by vacuum melting. In the first stage of the technological process, continuous carbides sheath was formed along the boundaries of austenitic grains, which morphologically resembles the inclusion of ledeburite. In the second stage of the process, there is a seal and faceted large carbide formations of eutectic type. In the third stage of the technological process, troostite matrix is formed with a faceted eutectic carbide non-uniformly distributed in the direction of the deformation with size from 5.0 μm to 20 μm. It found that the stoichiometric composition of faceted eutectic carbides is in the range of 34 < C < 36 (atom %), which corresponds to -carbide type Fe2C with hexagonal close-packed lattice. Considering stages of transformation of metastable ledeburite in the faceted eutectic -carbides type Fe2C, it revealed that the duration of isothermal exposure during heating to the eutectic temperature, is an integral part of the process of formation of new excess carbides type Fe2C with a hexagonal close-packed lattice. It is shown that troostite-carbide structure Damascus steel ledeburite class (BU22А), with volume fraction of excess -carbide more than 20%, is fully consistent with the highest grades of Indian steels type Wootz. Modern Damascus steel type BU22А (Russia) can be described as carbon steel ledeburite class, with similar structural and morphological characteristics of die steel type X12 (Russia) or Cr12 (China) and high-speed steel type P6M5 (Russia) or W6Mo5Cr4V2 (China), differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.
研究了真空熔炼得到的纯大马士革钢莱氏体级BU22А的蠕形碳化物组织的形成阶段。在工艺过程的第一阶段，沿奥氏体晶粒边界形成连续的碳化物鞘，其形态类似于莱氏体包裹体。在该过程的第二阶段，存在一个密封和切面的共晶型大碳化物地层。第三阶段形成蠕变体基体，晶粒尺寸为5.0 μm ~ 20 μm，在变形方向上不均匀分布。结果表明，多面共晶碳化物的化学组成在34 < C < 36(原子数%)范围内，属于六边形密排晶格的片状碳化物型Fe2C。考虑到Fe2C多面共晶型碳化物中亚稳ledeburite的转变阶段，发现等温暴露时间在加热至共晶温度的过程中，是形成具有六方密排晶格的Fe2C型新过量碳化物的重要组成部分。结果表明:蠕变体-碳化物结构大马士革钢ledeburite级(BU22А)，过量碳化物体积分数大于20%，与印度钢Wootz型的最高牌号完全一致。现代大马士革钢BU22А(俄罗斯)可被描述为碳素钢莱氏体类，具有与模具钢X12(俄罗斯)或Cr12(中国)和高速钢P6M5(俄罗斯)或W6Mo5Cr4V2(中国)相似的组织和形态特征，不同之处在于过量碳化物相的性质。
{"title":"Formation of Faceted Excess Carbides in Damascus Steels Ledeburite Class","authors":"D. Sukhanov, N. Plotnikova","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.006","url":null,"abstract":"In this research was developed stages of formation troostite-carbide structure into pure Damascus steel ledeburite class type BU22А obtained by vacuum melting. In the first stage of the technological process, continuous carbides sheath was formed along the boundaries of austenitic grains, which morphologically resembles the inclusion of ledeburite. In the second stage of the process, there is a seal and faceted large carbide formations of eutectic type. In the third stage of the technological process, troostite matrix is formed with a faceted eutectic carbide non-uniformly distributed in the direction of the deformation with size from 5.0 μm to 20 μm. It found that the stoichiometric composition of faceted eutectic carbides is in the range of 34 < C < 36 (atom %), which corresponds to -carbide type Fe2C with hexagonal close-packed lattice. Considering stages of transformation of metastable ledeburite in the faceted eutectic -carbides type Fe2C, it revealed that the duration of isothermal exposure during heating to the eutectic temperature, is an integral part of the process of formation of new excess carbides type Fe2C with a hexagonal close-packed lattice. It is shown that troostite-carbide structure Damascus steel ledeburite class (BU22А), with volume fraction of excess -carbide more than 20%, is fully consistent with the highest grades of Indian steels type Wootz. Modern Damascus steel type BU22А (Russia) can be described as carbon steel ledeburite class, with similar structural and morphological characteristics of die steel type X12 (Russia) or Cr12 (China) and high-speed steel type P6M5 (Russia) or W6Mo5Cr4V2 (China), differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80349682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.002
X. Hong
Cu-11.76Al alloy was treated at 3 GPa and 700 °C for 15minutes, the solid-state phase transformation temperature and time of Cu-11.76Al alloy before and after 3 GPa pressure treatment during heating process were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), its activation energy was also calculated, and the microstructures of Cu-11.76Al alloy before and after 3 GPa pressure treatment were analyzed by metallurgical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the experimental results, the effect of 3 GPa pressure treatment on the solid-state phase transformation of Cu-11.76Al alloy during heating process was investigated. The results show that 3 GPa pressure treatment can decrease the temperature and activation energy of α + γ2→ß transformation of Cu-11.76Al alloy, shorten the phase transformation time, which is helpful for the phase transformation. The main reason is that 3 GPa pressure treatment can refine the grains and increase dislocation density of Cu-11.76Al alloy.
{"title":"Effect of 3 GPa Pressure Treatment on the Solid-State Phase Transformation of Cu-11.76Al Alloy during Heating Process","authors":"X. Hong","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cu-11.76Al alloy was treated at 3 GPa and 700 °C for 15minutes, the solid-state phase transformation temperature and time of Cu-11.76Al alloy before and after 3 GPa pressure treatment during heating process were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), its activation energy was also calculated, and the microstructures of Cu-11.76Al alloy before and after 3 GPa pressure treatment were analyzed by metallurgical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the experimental results, the effect of 3 GPa pressure treatment on the solid-state phase transformation of Cu-11.76Al alloy during heating process was investigated. The results show that 3 GPa pressure treatment can decrease the temperature and activation energy of α + γ2→ß transformation of Cu-11.76Al alloy, shorten the phase transformation time, which is helpful for the phase transformation. The main reason is that 3 GPa pressure treatment can refine the grains and increase dislocation density of Cu-11.76Al alloy.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85169260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.003
Valmik Bhavar, Prakash Kattire, Jagdish Sherkar, Digvijay Sheed, R. Singh
Ferritic nitro-carburizing is one of the most popular surface hardening methods used to improve lifespan of hot work tool steels. Different types of mediums like gas, liquid, plasma and fluidized bed are generally used during ferritic nitro-carburizing process. In this paper, various ferritic nitro-carburizing methods were compared where gas, salt bath and fluidized are used as mediums. AISI H-13 hot work tool steel specimens were treated by using these different methods of nitro-carburizing and their performance was evaluated by using micro-structural and mechanical analysis. Optical microscopy, micro-hardness testing and X-ray stress analyzer were used for specimen characterization. Moreover, pin on disk dry sliding wear tests were performed to compare wear performance of specimens treated with different nitro-carburizing methods. It is perceived that, medium used during nitro-carburizing has significant influence on the final surface properties that can be achieved by ferritic nitro-carburizing.
{"title":"Influence of Medium Used during Ferritic Nitro-Carburizing of AISI H-13 Hot Work Tool Steel","authors":"Valmik Bhavar, Prakash Kattire, Jagdish Sherkar, Digvijay Sheed, R. Singh","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.003","url":null,"abstract":"Ferritic nitro-carburizing is one of the most popular surface hardening methods used to improve lifespan of hot work tool steels. Different types of mediums like gas, liquid, plasma and fluidized bed are generally used during ferritic nitro-carburizing process. In this paper, various ferritic nitro-carburizing methods were compared where gas, salt bath and fluidized are used as mediums. AISI H-13 hot work tool steel specimens were treated by using these different methods of nitro-carburizing and their performance was evaluated by using micro-structural and mechanical analysis. Optical microscopy, micro-hardness testing and X-ray stress analyzer were used for specimen characterization. Moreover, pin on disk dry sliding wear tests were performed to compare wear performance of specimens treated with different nitro-carburizing methods. It is perceived that, medium used during nitro-carburizing has significant influence on the final surface properties that can be achieved by ferritic nitro-carburizing.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82188780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.001
E. Benavidez, L. Santini, Alejandro Martín, E. Brandaleze
The melting kinetics of mold fluxes used in steel continuous casting represents a fundamental factor to be considered in order to obtain a quality product without superficial defects and also to avoid production problems. This melting stage is controlled mainly by the type and amount of carbonaceous material added to the powder. In this work, structure, particle size and morphology of two carbonaceous materials: petroleum coke and synthetic graphite were analyzed. Both carbonaceous materials were separately added to a decarburized commercial mold flux. The melting behavior was monitored by HSM (hot stage microscopy) and a melting interval was identified using critical temperatures. A higher fusion rate, as inverse of melting interval, was observed in powder with coke addition. This fact was associated to a lower crystalline degree and a finer PSD (particle size distribution) presented by petroleum coke. Different values of the activation energy of decomposition were related to fusion rate of both mold fluxes. Higher rate of changes in activation energy during the progress of the reaction was observed in the sample with coke. This fact is associated to a faster change in the surface area of coke particles.
{"title":"Influence of Coke and Graphite on the Decomposition and Melting Behavior of a Mold Flux","authors":"E. Benavidez, L. Santini, Alejandro Martín, E. Brandaleze","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.001","url":null,"abstract":"The melting kinetics of mold fluxes used in steel continuous casting represents a fundamental factor to be considered in order to obtain a quality product without superficial defects and also to avoid production problems. This melting stage is controlled mainly by the type and amount of carbonaceous material added to the powder. In this work, structure, particle size and morphology of two carbonaceous materials: petroleum coke and synthetic graphite were analyzed. Both carbonaceous materials were separately added to a decarburized commercial mold flux. The melting behavior was monitored by HSM (hot stage microscopy) and a melting interval was identified using critical temperatures. A higher fusion rate, as inverse of melting interval, was observed in powder with coke addition. This fact was associated to a lower crystalline degree and a finer PSD (particle size distribution) presented by petroleum coke. Different values of the activation energy of decomposition were related to fusion rate of both mold fluxes. Higher rate of changes in activation energy during the progress of the reaction was observed in the sample with coke. This fact is associated to a faster change in the surface area of coke particles.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88547507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.005
Jong-Young Park, Young-jae Kim, J. Noh, H. Honma
{"title":"Surface Modification of Di-electric Material Using Photo Pretreatment for Fan-Out Wafer Level Package","authors":"Jong-Young Park, Young-jae Kim, J. Noh, H. Honma","doi":"10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6221/2018.1-2.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75376439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.001
J. Ivanov
Through DOE (design of experiment), ЕТ (eddy current testing) is included and proven as a quality indicator of carburizing, quenching and tempering of hydraulic motor parts. A method is suggested for calibrating NDT (non-destructive testing) by means of combined representation of regression models in the field of the technological factors of heat treatment and contour control charts. A method is presented here for choosing the working frequency for ET. It is also suggested that experimental design be considered a basic building element in the methodology of carburized parts ET. This article also presents a methodology for conducting eddy current testing in industrial settings.
{"title":"One Approach to Eddy Current Testing of Carburized Parts","authors":"J. Ivanov","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Through DOE (design of experiment), ЕТ (eddy current testing) is included and proven as a quality indicator of carburizing, quenching and tempering of hydraulic motor parts. A method is suggested for calibrating NDT (non-destructive testing) by means of combined representation of regression models in the field of the technological factors of heat treatment and contour control charts. A method is presented here for choosing the working frequency for ET. It is also suggested that experimental design be considered a basic building element in the methodology of carburized parts ET. This article also presents a methodology for conducting eddy current testing in industrial settings.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80869334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.005
Kevin Jiménez, G. Herrera
In this paper we discussed the development of a morphing wingtip device or winglet for aircraft. The aim of this research is enhancing the aerodynamic of aircrafts, by optimizing the winglet shape, angle and torsion, to reduce wingtip vortices at each flight stage, reduce drag, fuel consumption and increase its endurance. The development of a working physical wingtip device with morphing functionality, is possible by using piezoelectric MFCs (Macro Fiber Composites) as actuators in wing structures. Due to their excellent properties like flexibility, light weight, tolerant to damage and long term stability MFC fit most of the requirements and specifications of morphing structures. Unfortunately, they are based on the toxic compound of PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT). Lead-free materials can replace lead based compounds. Also, other aim of this inquiry is the development of piezoelectric lead-free compounds based on the solid solution Ba1-xCaxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) with x = 0.1, 0.125, 0.15. The reason for choosing these compositions is because BZCT compounds could reach a piezoelectricity coefficient d33~400 pC/N. This value is comparable with commercial PZT, therefore it is a great candidate to replace it.
{"title":"Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics as Candidates on the Development of Morphing Winglets in Aircrafts","authors":"Kevin Jiménez, G. Herrera","doi":"10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6213/2018.1-2.005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discussed the development of a morphing wingtip device or winglet for aircraft. The aim of this research is enhancing the aerodynamic of aircrafts, by optimizing the winglet shape, angle and torsion, to reduce wingtip vortices at each flight stage, reduce drag, fuel consumption and increase its endurance. The development of a working physical wingtip device with morphing functionality, is possible by using piezoelectric MFCs (Macro Fiber Composites) as actuators in wing structures. Due to their excellent properties like flexibility, light weight, tolerant to damage and long term stability MFC fit most of the requirements and specifications of morphing structures. Unfortunately, they are based on the toxic compound of PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT). Lead-free materials can replace lead based compounds. Also, other aim of this inquiry is the development of piezoelectric lead-free compounds based on the solid solution Ba1-xCaxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZT) with x = 0.1, 0.125, 0.15. The reason for choosing these compositions is because BZCT compounds could reach a piezoelectricity coefficient d33~400 pC/N. This value is comparable with commercial PZT, therefore it is a great candidate to replace it.","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84496792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-10DOI: 10.18642/JMSEAT_7100121905
V. Bershtein, P. Yakushev, Izabela Bukowska-Śluz, M. Sobiesiak, B. Gawdzik
{"title":"CARBOCHAIN POLYMER-GLUCOSE HYBRIDS: SYNTHESIS, THERMAL/MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND BIODEGRADABILITY","authors":"V. Bershtein, P. Yakushev, Izabela Bukowska-Śluz, M. Sobiesiak, B. Gawdzik","doi":"10.18642/JMSEAT_7100121905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18642/JMSEAT_7100121905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16171,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials science & engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"37-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74089307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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