Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第6页

Redox processes in male Drosophila with the cd1 mutation cd1突变雄性果蝇的氧化还原过程

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104871

Aleksandr V. Zhuravlev, Oleg V. Vetrovoy, Sofiya Potapova, Elena V. Savvateeva-Popova

The Drosophila melanogaster cardinal mutant (cd¹) is characterized by a deletion in the gene for phenoxazinone synthase (PHS), which converts 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HOK) to the screening eye pigment xanthommatin (XAN). This results in altered locomotor activity and loss of long-term memory, as well as in age-related loss of middle-term memory, distortion of courtship song, and heat-induced apoptosis in the brain. Hence, cd¹ can be considered as a model of senile memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Its behavioral disturbances are believed to be a result of elevated levels of 3HOK, which can induce oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. However, 3HOK can also act as an antioxidant. In this study, we measured age-related changes in hydrogen peroxide levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cd¹ males. Surprisingly, both young and old cd¹ had lower level of hydrogen peroxide compared to the wild-type strain Canton-S (CS). No interstrain differences in SOD activity were observed, but it was reduced in cd¹ compared to CS after hypomagnetic conditioning (HMC). Mean levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain of young and old flies showed no significant interstrain differences. Transcription activity of the catalase (Cat) and Sod1 genes was reduced in young cd¹, whereas Cat expression was increased in old cd¹. Thus, the PHS dysfunction and the increase in 3HOK in cd¹ do not result in increased hydrogen peroxide levels. Activation of Cat expression in old cd¹ may compensate for the development of oxidative stress.

果蝇黑ogaster红衣突变体（cd1）的特征是phenoxazinone合成酶（PHS）基因缺失，该基因可将3-羟基犬尿氨酸（3HOK）转化为筛选眼色素黄瘤素（XAN）。这导致运动活动的改变和长期记忆的丧失，以及与年龄相关的中期记忆丧失，求偶歌曲的扭曲，以及热诱导的大脑凋亡。因此，cd1可以被认为是老年记忆障碍和神经退行性变的模型。其行为障碍被认为是3HOK水平升高的结果，3HOK可以诱导氧化应激和神经元凋亡。然而，3HOK也可以作为抗氧化剂。在这项研究中，我们测量了cd1男性中过氧化氢水平和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的年龄相关变化。令人惊讶的是，与野生型菌株Canton-S （CS）相比，年轻型和老型cd1的过氧化氢水平都较低。在低磁条件（HMC）处理后，SOD活性在品系间无差异，但cd1的活性较CS降低。幼蝇和老蝇大脑中活性氧（ROS）的平均水平在品系间无显著差异。过氧化氢酶（Cat）和Sod1基因的转录活性在年轻cd1中降低，而在年老cd1中Cat的表达增加。因此，小灵通功能障碍和cd1中3HOK的增加不会导致过氧化氢水平的增加。激活旧cd1中Cat表达可能补偿氧化应激的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Stress response of the honey bee exposed to warming, starvation and neonicotinoids 蜜蜂在变暖、饥饿和新烟碱下的应激反应

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104870

Álvaro Hernández-Rivera , Ramsés Chávez-Ríos , Wesley Dáttilo , Andrea Esquivel‐Román , Francisco Castelán , Bibiana Montoya , Daniel González-Tokman

Honey bees are the world’s most important crop pollinators, but their populations have recently shown significant declines, likely due to multiple stressors. Bees and other insects rely on heat shock proteins (HSP) and antioxidant defense systems to buffer against potentially noxious effects coming from challenges such as rising temperatures, starvation, and pesticide exposure. Nevertheless, our understanding of how combined stressors impact honey bee physiology, and the extent to which HSPs and antioxidants can protect against biomolecular damage, remains incomplete. In our study, we examined the isolated and combined effects of three stressors (temperature increase, starvation, and exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid at two realistic doses) on HSP levels, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant protective effect against lipid oxidative damage in Apis mellifera ligustica, using a full factorial experimental design. We found a positive relationship between lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity throughout all conditions tested, indicating a limited capacity of antioxidants to protect against oxidative damage. Moreover, when bees were exposed to starvation or increased temperature alone, the antioxidant protective effect against lipid peroxidation was improved, but when both stressors were present together such an antioxidant protective effect was reduced, suggesting an antagonist effect of combined exposure to heat and starvation. These findings provide evidence that exposure to multiple stressors may produce sublethal effects by overwhelming antioxidant defenses. We discuss potential implications of these results for the management of honey bee colonies, particularly in the context of global environmental change, to ensure the health of honey bees and protect the essential ecosystem services they provide.

蜜蜂是世界上最重要的作物传粉者，但它们的数量最近出现了显著下降，可能是由于多种压力因素。蜜蜂和其他昆虫依靠热休克蛋白（HSP）和抗氧化防御系统来缓冲来自温度上升、饥饿和农药暴露等挑战的潜在有害影响。然而，我们对压力源如何影响蜜蜂生理的理解，以及热休克蛋白和抗氧化剂在多大程度上保护蜜蜂免受生物分子损伤的理解仍然不完整。在本研究中，我们采用全因子实验设计，研究了三种应激源（温度升高、饥饿和暴露于两个实际剂量的新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉）对蜜蜂热休克蛋白水平、总抗氧化能力和抗脂质氧化损伤的抗氧化保护作用的单独和联合影响。我们发现在所有测试条件下，脂质过氧化和总抗氧化能力之间存在正相关关系，表明抗氧化剂保护氧化损伤的能力有限。此外，当蜜蜂单独暴露于饥饿或温度升高时，对脂质过氧化的抗氧化保护作用得到改善，但当两种应激源同时存在时，这种抗氧化保护作用减弱，这表明高温和饥饿联合暴露具有拮抗作用。这些发现提供了证据，表明暴露于多种压力源可能会通过压倒性的抗氧化防御产生亚致死效应。我们讨论了这些结果对蜜蜂种群管理的潜在影响，特别是在全球环境变化的背景下，以确保蜜蜂的健康并保护它们提供的基本生态系统服务。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive investment in spiders: how female condition and oviposition timing influence egg sac quality 蜘蛛的生殖投资：雌性状态和产卵时间如何影响卵囊质量

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104869

Lucia Calbacho-Rosa , Mónica Cunningham , Franco Cargnelutti , Carlos Fernando García , Alfredo V. Peretti

Maternal condition and environmental factors can strongly influence reproductive investment and offspring quality. We investigated how female body condition and oviposition timing (first versus second half of the reproductive season) affect egg sac characteristics and biochemical composition in the spider Holocnemus pluchei. We analyzed egg sac weight, egg number, and the characterization and concentration of proteins, lipids, and fatty acids in postvitellogenic females and their egg sacs. Females in good condition produced heavier egg sacs with more eggs, particularly when oviposition occurred early in the season. Total protein concentrations in egg sacs and females remained constant across groups, although hemocyanin levels varied without a clear association with condition or timing. Lipid analysis revealed greater investment in early-season reproduction, with females allocating approximately 52% of their lipid reserves to eggs. Notably, females in poor condition during the second half of the season exhibited the lowest total lipid levels. Fatty acid profiles indicated limited seasonal or condition-dependent changes, suggesting stable prey types throughout the season but reduced prey quantity later in the reproductive period. Our results highlight how both maternal condition and oviposition timing shape reproductive strategies and resource allocation in H. pluchei, with potential consequences for offspring survival and population dynamics.

母性条件和环境因素对生殖投资和后代质量有重要影响。本文研究了布氏全新蛛（Holocnemus pluchei）雌性身体状况和产卵时间（繁殖季前半段和后半段）对卵囊特征和生化组成的影响。我们分析了卵黄发生后雌性及其卵囊的卵囊重量、卵数以及蛋白质、脂质和脂肪酸的特征和浓度。状况良好的雌虫产的卵囊更重，卵也更多，特别是在产卵季节的早期。卵囊和雌性的总蛋白浓度在各组中保持不变，尽管血青素水平的变化与条件或时间没有明确的联系。脂质分析显示，在早期繁殖中，雌性将大约52%的脂质储备分配给卵子。值得注意的是，下半季状态较差的雌性表现出最低的总脂质水平。脂肪酸谱显示出有限的季节性或条件依赖性变化，表明整个季节猎物类型稳定，但在繁殖后期猎物数量减少。我们的研究结果强调了母性条件和产卵时间如何影响毛猴的生殖策略和资源分配，并对后代的生存和种群动态产生潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Fat bodies responsible for the degradation of encapsulated foreign substances in the body cavity of Mythimna separata larvae 脂肪体，负责降解被包裹在体腔内的外来物质。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104867

Tomomi Sawa , Yuki Okumura , Toshiharu Tanaka , Yutaka Nakamatsu

In the immune systems of insects, the fat body synthesizes most of the immune proteins found in the hemolymph. We investigated a novel role for the fat body in immune processing of encapsulated parasitoid larvae using fat bodies from Mythimna separata (Ms) larvae. When first instar larvae of Cotesia kariyai (Ck) were transplanted into Ms larvae, time-dependent melanization and encapsulation occurred, and the surface area of Ck larvae began to decrease 24 h post-transplantation. Histological analysis revealed physical contact between encapsulated Ck larvae and the fat body of the host. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that the size of Ck larvae decreased significantly when incubated with fat bodies, and this effect could be inhibited by leupeptin, a serine protease inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining detected the presence of trypsin in the fat body, and qPCR analysis demonstrated upregulation of trypsin mRNA following co-culture. These findings suggest that at least Ms fat bodies are involved in the enzymatic degradation of encapsulated foreign substances via trypsin expression and secretion, and highlight a novel effector function of insect fat bodies in the later stages of innate immune defense.

在昆虫的免疫系统中，脂肪体合成了血淋巴中发现的大部分免疫蛋白。我们利用分离神话（Mythimna separata, Ms）幼虫的脂肪体研究了脂肪体在被包膜寄生蜂幼虫免疫加工中的新作用。当kariyai (Ck) 1龄幼虫移植到Ms幼虫体内时，Ck幼虫发生了时间依赖性的黑化和包被，移植24 h后Ck幼虫的表面积开始减少。组织学分析显示被包膜的Ck幼虫与寄主脂肪体有物理接触。体外共培养实验表明，与脂肪体孵育后，Ck幼虫的体积明显减小，丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂白细胞介素可以抑制这种作用。免疫荧光染色检测到脂肪体中胰蛋白酶的存在，qPCR分析显示共培养后胰蛋白酶mRNA上调。这些发现表明，至少有Ms脂肪体通过胰蛋白酶的表达和分泌参与了被包裹的外来物质的酶降解，并突出了昆虫脂肪体在先天免疫防御后期的新效应功能。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of parental photoperiod and elevation on egg diapause, mortality, and synchronous hatching of Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex 亲本光照周期和海拔对单斑小蟋蟀卵滞育、死亡率和同步孵化的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104866

Robert B. Srygley

Some katydid species remain in the egg stage for multiple years in prolonged diapause. Because the egg has yet to develop a nervous system, the parental generation is believed to play a large role in determining the duration of egg diapause through adult photoperiod and selection of the egg laying environment. However, little evidence exists that compares the relative influences of parental photoperiod and the egg environment on diapause. I investigated the relative effects of parental photoperiod and egg environment on diapause by burying two sets of Mormon cricket Anabrus simplex eggs, one from long-day parents and the other from short-day parents, at seven sites on an elevational gradient (1200–2800 m). As predicted, the effect of parental photoperiod on the diapause duration of the offspring was more pronounced at lower elevations than at high elevation sites. Contrary to results from a laboratory experiment, offspring of short-day parents developed faster. The field experiment confirmed that for Mormon crickets, parental photoperiod is a soft cue for prolonged diapause, especially when compared with the effects of the environment on egg diapause. Median hatching time ranged from two to eight years, depending on the elevation and microhabitat. Soil temperature was a critical factor in determining the persistence of Mormon cricket eggs in egg banks. Moreover, mortality was greater for the short-day photoperiod, particularly at higher elevations where the eggs were in the soil longer. At high elevation sites, the season for embryonic development is short and embryonic growth can only occur when the soil heats up during the day. Hence, multi-year diapause and slow embryonic development is a natural consequence of temperatures at high elevation. Mountains and canyons provide a patchy thermal environment where multiple generations of eggs are likely to be banked in the soil by which favorable environmental conditions can lead to developmental synchronization, hatching, and outbreaks.

有些种类的蝈蝈在卵期停留数年，滞育期延长。由于卵尚未发育神经系统，因此亲代通过成虫的光周期和产卵环境的选择，在决定卵滞育的持续时间方面起着很大的作用。然而，很少有证据比较亲本光周期和卵环境对滞育的相对影响。本研究在海拔1200 ~ 2800 m的7个地点，分别埋藏长日照和短日照的两组单斑摩门蟋蟀卵，研究了光周期和卵环境对滞育的相对影响。正如预测的那样，亲本光周期对后代滞育时间的影响在低海拔地区比在高海拔地区更为明显。与实验室实验的结果相反，短日父母的后代发育得更快。野外实验证实，与环境对卵滞育的影响相比，亲代光周期是延长滞育的软提示。平均孵化时间从2年到8年不等，取决于海拔和微栖息地。土壤温度是决定摩尔门蟋蟀卵在卵库中持续存在的关键因素。此外，短日照期的死亡率更高，特别是在高海拔地区，虫卵在土壤中停留的时间更长。在高海拔地区，胚胎发育的季节很短，只有在白天土壤变热的时候，胚胎才能生长。因此，多年的滞育和缓慢的胚胎发育是高海拔温度的自然结果。山脉和峡谷提供了一个不均匀的热环境，多代卵很可能被储存在土壤中，有利的环境条件可以导致发育同步、孵化和爆发。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of electrophysiological and behavioral responses of tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) pests to cucurbit host odors 蛾类（双翅目：蛾科）害虫对瓜类寄主气味的电生理和行为反应比较

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104865

Yoseph Baraki , Yitbarek Woldehawariat , Teun Dekker , Tibebe Dejene Biasazin

Developing species-specific lures for female tephritid fruit flies is crucial for sustainable pest management, yet remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to identify potential attractants for Zeugodacus cucurbitae, a major pest on cucurbit crops, by comparing the olfactory responses of females to host plant volatiles with those of two related fruit-infesting species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata. Using gas chromatography coupled electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), we identified 28 antenna-active compounds from flowers and fruits of Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbita pepo L., and Cucurbita mixta L. While eight compounds elicited responses in all three tephritid species, indicating shared olfactory sensitivity, B. dorsalis and C. capitata detected a broader range of volatiles than Z. cucurbitae. Behavioral assays in a six-choice olfactometer demonstrated that synthetic blends based on cucurbit host odors attracted females of all three species. These findings suggest that, while there is some overlap in host odor perception, subtle differences exist that could be exploited for species-specific lure development. Further optimization and field testing of these promising blends are recommended to enhance targeted pest management strategies for Z. cucurbitae.

为雌性伤寒果蝇开发特定种类的诱饵是可持续害虫管理的关键，但仍然是一个重大挑战。摘要本研究通过比较瓜类作物中主要害虫——桔小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis）和头角角蝇（Ceratitis capitata）雌性对寄主植物挥发物的嗅觉反应，以确定瓜类作物中潜在的引诱物。采用气相色谱耦合天线电图检测（GC-EAD）和气相色谱质谱分析（GC-MS）技术，从黄瓜（sativus L.）、葫芦（Cucurbita pepo L.）和混合葫芦（Cucurbita mixta L.）的花和果实中鉴定出28种天线活性化合物，其中8种化合物在3种昆虫中均能引起反应，表明它们具有相同的嗅觉敏感性，dorsalis和C. capitata对挥发物的检测范围比葫芦（Z.葫芦）更广。在六种选择的嗅觉仪中进行的行为分析表明，基于葫芦宿主气味的合成混合物吸引了所有三种雌性。这些发现表明，虽然寄主的气味感知有一些重叠，但存在细微的差异，可以用于物种特异性诱饵的开发。建议进一步优化和田间试验这些有前途的杂交品种，以加强葫芦小蠊的针对性防治策略。

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引用次数: 0

Pitfalls in insect cryoprotectant functional studies: A case study of myo-inositol in Drosopila lummei 昆虫冷冻保护剂功能研究中的缺陷：以驼背果蝇肌醇为例

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104864

Tomáš Štětina , Lukáš Kučera , Martin Moos , Jan Rozsypal , Vladimír Koštál

The correlation between the accumulation of a potentially cryoprotective substance and the increase in cold hardiness has been documented in many cold-acclimated insects. Nevertheless, the literature offers scant direct evidence for the cryoprotective function of the accumulated substances. Here, we sought to obtain direct evidence of non-colligative cryoprotective function of myo-inositol in adults of boreal fly, Drosophila lummei. The diapause flies accumulated myo-inositol in concentration of up to 500 mmol·kg⁻¹ fresh mass during several weeks of gradual cold acclimation simulating winter onset. Concurrently, their cold hardiness, measured by five different metrics, substantially increased. We found that the primary source of myo-inositol is glycogen breakdown to glucose units, followed by their subsequent conversion through the activity of myo-inositol phosphate synthase, which is encoded by the Inos gene. The relative expression of Inos increased 86-fold during cold acclimation. We successfully augmented the levels of myo-inositol in the bodies of pre-acclimated flies, achieving levels comparable to those attained through cold acclimation. However, the study demonstrated that both methods of exogenous myo-inositol delivery (microinjection into the hemolymph and feeding enriched diets) were unsuccessful in achieving proper tissue localization of myo-inositol, which naturally accumulates primarily in the thoracic flight muscles and CNS. At the same time, the artificial increase in myo-inositol concentration did not affect any of the five measured cold hardiness metrics. We conclude by discussing various pitfalls of functional studies of insect cryoprotectants and identify ways to overcome them.

一种潜在的低温保护物质的积累与抗寒性的增加之间的相关性已经在许多冷适应昆虫中得到了证明。然而，文献对积累物质的冷冻保护功能提供了很少的直接证据。在这里，我们试图获得肌醇在成年北方果蝇（Drosophila lummei）中非累加冷冻保护功能的直接证据。滞育蝇在数周模拟冬季来临的逐渐冷驯化过程中积累了高达500 mmol·kg−1新鲜质量的肌醇浓度。与此同时，他们的抗寒性，通过五个不同的指标来衡量，大大提高了。我们发现肌醇的主要来源是糖原分解为葡萄糖单位，随后通过Inos基因编码的肌醇磷酸合酶的活性进行转化。在冷驯化过程中，Inos的相对表达量增加了86倍。我们成功地增加了预适应果蝇体内肌醇的水平，达到了与冷适应的水平相当的水平。然而，该研究表明，两种外源性肌醇输送方法（微量注射到血淋巴和饲喂富集饲料）都不能实现肌醇的适当组织定位，肌醇主要在胸飞行肌和中枢神经系统中自然积累。与此同时，肌醇浓度的人为增加对五项测得的抗寒性指标都没有影响。最后，我们讨论了昆虫冷冻保护剂功能研究的各种缺陷，并确定了克服这些缺陷的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Drosophila’s sensory responses to bacterial peptidoglycan integrates positive and negative signals 果蝇对细菌肽聚糖的感觉反应整合了积极和消极的信号。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104863

Martina Montanari , Gérard Manière , Ambra Masuzzo , Romane Milleville , Yaël Grosjean , C. Léopold Kurz , Julien Royet

Interactions between animals, including humans, and surrounding microbes are governed by a delicate balance, crucial for survival. Animals must distinguish and respond adequately to beneficial and harmful microbes to maintain homeostasis. Recent research suggests that bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan (PGN) influence host behavior by modulating neuronal activity. PGN detection by specific neurons can prompt infected female flies to reduce oviposition or trigger avoidance behaviors via gustatory neurons. Using behavioral assays and calcium imaging, we found that PGNs can also act as attractants, activating the sweet taste circuit in a concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that flies integrate PGN-derived positive and negative signals to make ad hoc decisions. This dual response underlines the need for Drosophila to distinguish between different concentrations of compounds in their environment, integrating sensory data to navigate efficiently in microbe-co-inhabited environments.

包括人类在内的动物与周围微生物之间的相互作用是由一种微妙的平衡控制的，这对生存至关重要。动物必须对有益和有害的微生物作出充分的区分和反应，以维持体内平衡。最近的研究表明，细菌成分如脂多糖和肽聚糖（PGN）通过调节神经元活动影响宿主的行为。特异神经元检测到PGN可促使受感染的雌性果蝇减少产卵或通过味觉神经元触发回避行为。通过行为分析和钙成像，我们发现pgn也可以作为引诱剂，以浓度依赖的方式激活甜味回路。我们的研究结果表明，果蝇整合了pgnn衍生的积极和消极信号来做出特别的决定。这种双重反应强调了果蝇需要区分环境中不同浓度的化合物，整合感官数据以有效地在微生物共存的环境中导航。

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引用次数: 0

Rnai-mediated knockdown of nuclear receptors impairs cuticle formation by disrupting chitin metabolic pathway in Holotrichia oblita 核糖核酸介导的核受体的敲低通过破坏几丁质代谢途径损害毛癣的角质层形成

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104861

Zhi-long Niu , Jian Wei , Qian Wang , Yu-bo Yang , Ying-Nan Gao , Lu Li , Jia Jia , Wei Guo , Dan Zhao

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-regulated transcription factors that play crucial roles in insect growth and development. However, their functions in Holotrichia oblita Faldermann remain uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and characterized three HoNRs from H. oblita. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that all three HoNRs were predominantly expressed in eggs and first-instar larvae. Tissue localization showed high expression in the epidermis, fat body, and rectum. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments demonstrated that silencing these HoNRs reduced larval feeding, impaired molting, and resulted in a 37–50 % weight inhibition rate and a 73–93 % mortality rate. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that knockdown of HoHR3, HoE75, and HoEcR led to the formation of a thinner cuticle compared to controls, accompanied by a 46–48 % reduction in chitin content and downregulation of chitin metabolic Pathway genes. Additionally, the expression of these HoNRs was influenced by 20E at different time points. Therefore, these findings demonstrate that these three HoNRs are essential for normal molting in H. oblita through chitin metabolic pathway regulation.

核受体是配体调控的转录因子，在昆虫生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，它们在福尔德曼氏赤斑病中的功能仍不明确。在这项研究中，我们鉴定和表征了三种来自红腹草的honr。时空表达分析表明，3种honr均在卵和1龄幼虫中显著表达。组织定位在表皮、脂肪体和直肠高表达。RNA干扰（RNAi）实验表明，沉默这些honr降低了幼虫的摄食，损害了蜕皮，导致37 - 50%的体重抑制率和73 - 93%的死亡率。苏木精-伊红染色显示，与对照组相比，HoHR3、HoE75和HoEcR的敲低导致角质层的形成更薄，同时几丁质含量减少46 - 48%，几丁质代谢途径基因下调。此外，20E在不同时间点对这些honr的表达有影响。因此，这些研究结果表明，这3种honr通过调节几丁质代谢途径，对黄颡鱼正常蜕皮至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptional activation of BmToll9-2 to exogenous dsRNA in the larvae of Bombyx mori 家蚕幼虫BmToll9-2对外源dsRNA的转录激活。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104860

Zibing Feng , Zepeng Li , Qiuying He , Baolin Deng , Huixing Ma , Weijian Chen , Xin Li , Jie Zhang , Luc Swevers , Jisheng Liu

The Toll pathway plays a crucial role in insect innate immunity, functioning through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Previous studies on BmToll9-2 have primarily investigated its role in sensing bacterial pathogens and activating antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of BmToll9-2 in response to exogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae. Various delivery routes for dsRNA-triggered activation of BmToll9-2 were explored. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays revealed significant up-regulation of BmToll9-2 in the midgut, fat body, and epidermis following dsRNA injection. In contrast, oral administration of dsRNA failed to induce a transcriptional response. In vitro stability assays demonstrated that dsRNA was rapidly degraded in midgut fluid (within 10 min) but remains stable in the hemolymph for an extended period (up to 6 h). In vivo detection of dsRNA further confirmed its rapid digestion through feeding and the longer retention through injection. Additionally, infection with B. mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) also induced BmToll9-2 expression, suggesting a link between dsRNA viruses and Toll pathway activation. Our findings suggest dsRNAs as potential PAMPs for Toll receptor signaling, highlighting the longer persistence of dsRNA in the hemolymph as a significant factor in the transcriptional response and emphasizing the role of BmToll9-2.

Toll通路通过模式识别受体（PRRs）检测病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs），在昆虫先天免疫中起着至关重要的作用。以往对BmToll9-2的研究主要是研究其在病原菌感知和抗菌肽激活中的作用。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究BmToll9-2在家蚕（Bombyx mori）幼虫中对外源双链rna （dsRNAs）的转录调控。探索了dsrna触发的BmToll9-2激活的各种递送途径。实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）结果显示，注射dsRNA后，小鼠中肠、脂肪体和表皮中BmToll9-2表达显著上调。相比之下，口服dsRNA未能诱导转录反应。体外稳定性试验表明，dsRNA在中肠液中迅速降解（10 min内），但在血淋巴中保持较长时间稳定（长达6 h）。dsRNA的体内检测进一步证实了其通过喂养消化快，通过注射滞留时间长。此外，家蚕胞质多角体病毒（BmCPV）感染也诱导BmToll9-2表达，提示dsRNA病毒与Toll通路激活之间存在联系。我们的研究结果表明，dsRNA是Toll受体信号传导的潜在PAMPs，强调了dsRNA在血淋巴中作为转录反应的重要因素的持久性，并强调了BmToll9-2的作用。

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