Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第2页

BmTrpA1-Mediated ILP/AKT/FOXO signaling Underlies Temperature-Dependent diapause in Silkworms, Bombyx mori bmtrpa1介导的ILP/AKT/FOXO信号是家蚕温度依赖性滞育的基础。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2026.104939

Yizhong Zhang , Haoping She , Shanshan Wang , Qianyi Cui , Wenjie Zhang , Shunming Tang , Xingjia Shen , Juan Zhu

Diapause is a developmentally arrested state in insects induced by seasonal cues such as photoperiod and temperature. The scientific literature agrees on that the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel and insulin signaling pathway (ILP/AKT/FOXO) are both essential for diapause regulation, but their interactions remain unclear. This study investigates whether the ILP/AKT/FOXO pathway can mediate the temperature-dependent maternal embryonic diapause induced by the TRPA1 channel in Bombyx mori. We found that the maternal pupae primed for diapause-egg-production (25DD) and those primed for non-diapause-egg-production (15DD) significantly differ in temporal patterns of BmTrpA1 gene expression. Next, we used the BmTrpA1^-/- mutant, and showed that the mutation results in abolishing the transient peak of diapause hormone (DH) concentration in hemolymph, affects the protein profile of ILP, mRNA profiles of AKT and FOXO, and phosphorylation of FOXO protein. Generally, the profiles in BmTrpA1^-/- mutants were similar to those of 15DD pupae. In addition, we found that RNAi-mediated silencing of FOXO in the BmTrpA1^-/- mutant, or AKT in 15DD pupae, reduces or increases the diapause incidence, respectively. Collectively, our results indicate that the temperature-dependent diapause regulation by the TRPA1 channel is mediated by the ILP/AKT/FOXO pathway in the silkworm.

滞育是昆虫发育受阻的一种状态，受季节因素如光周期和温度的影响。科学文献一致认为温度敏感的瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1 （TRPA1）通道和胰岛素信号通路（ILP/AKT/FOXO）都对滞育调控至关重要，但它们之间的相互作用尚不清楚。本研究探讨了ILP/AKT/FOXO通路是否介导家蚕TRPA1通道诱导的温度依赖性母体胚胎滞育。我们发现，滞育产蛋（25DD）和非滞育产蛋（15DD）启动的母蛹在BmTrpA1基因表达的时间模式上存在显著差异。接下来，我们利用BmTrpA1-/-突变体，发现该突变导致血淋巴中滞育激素（DH）浓度的瞬时峰值消失，影响ILP的蛋白谱、AKT和FOXO的mRNA谱以及FOXO蛋白的磷酸化。总体而言，BmTrpA1-/-突变体的基因谱与15DD的相似。此外，我们发现rnai介导的BmTrpA1-/-突变体FOXO和15DD蛹中AKT的沉默分别降低或增加了滞育发生率。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，家蚕中TRPA1通道的温度依赖性滞育调节是由ILP/AKT/FOXO通路介导的。

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引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit Ⅳ supports CncC-mediated detoxification genes to confer dimefluthrin resistance in Aedes albopictus 线粒体NADH脱氢酶亚基Ⅳ支持cc介导的解毒基因赋予白纹伊蚊对二甲氟菊酯的抗性。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2026.104940

Xiangrong Zhou , Lulu Ma , Qi Xu , Yizhi Dong , Dingxin Jiang

Insecticide detoxification in mosquitoes involves multiple metabolic enzymes. The transcription factor CncC participates in insecticide detoxification, while its role in dimefluthrin resistance of Aedes albopictus remains undefined. Building on previous findings of COX1 and ND4 overexpression associated ROS bursts in resistant strains, we found that AalND4 exhibited eleven amino acid mutations in the resistant strains, postulated to induce mitochondrial ROS overproduction and activated the CncC pathway. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AalND4 suppressed AalCncC, GSTs, and ABCs expression, and reduced activities of GST enzymes as well as CYP450s protein and ABCs transporter abundance. Correspondingly, silencing AalCncC downregulated CYP450s, GSTs, and ABCs expression and restored dimefluthrin sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that AalND4 and AalCncC are essential for dimefluthrin resistance, likely through a mechanism where mutation-induced ROS bursts activate the CncC-mediated detoxification program. This study completes the delineation of the mitochondrial ROS-AalAMPKα-AalCncC-detoxification enzyme pathway underlying resistance development.

蚊子体内的杀虫剂解毒涉及多种代谢酶。转录因子CncC参与杀虫剂解毒，但其在白纹伊蚊二甲氟菊酯抗性中的作用尚不明确。基于先前在耐药菌株中COX1和ND4过表达相关的ROS爆发的研究结果，我们发现AalND4在耐药菌株中表现出11个氨基酸突变，可能诱导线粒体ROS过量产生并激活CncC途径。rnai介导的AalND4敲低抑制了AalCncC、GSTs和abc的表达，降低了GST酶的活性、cyp450蛋白和abc转运蛋白的丰度。相应地，沉默AalCncC可下调cyp450、GSTs和ABCs的表达，恢复二甲氟菊酯的敏感性。我们的研究结果表明，AalND4和AalCncC对二甲氟菊酯抗性至关重要，可能是通过突变诱导的ROS爆发激活cncc介导的解毒程序的机制。这项研究完成了对线粒体ros - aalampk α- aalcncc -解毒酶途径的描述。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptome analysis of immune-related genes in Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire in response to bacterial attack 对细菌攻击免疫相关基因的转录组分析。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2026.104938

Yahan Yang , Yaoqiang Shi , Qi Liu , Chao Li , Yuzhu Song

Given the escalating global antibiotic resistance crisis, the discovery of novel agents with low resistance potential has become an urgent research priority to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire (B. rynchopetera), a traditional medicinal and edible insect in Southwest China, has long been used in folk medicine for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory properties. These characteristics highlight its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) representing one important component of the insect innate immune repertoire. Insects rely on innate immunity to produce AMPs, which are currently recognized as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In this study, the immune response of B. rynchopetera was activated through artificial infection with a mixed culture of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by transcriptomic profiling to identify genes involved in innate immune, particularly those encoding AMPs. The transcriptomic analysis identified 4,484 differentially expressed genes, including 3,289 upregulated and 1,195 downregulated genes. Among these, immune-related genes were significantly upregulated, including those encoding ubiquitin, proteases, AMPs, and immune recognition receptors. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis revealed 37 significantly enriched biological pathways, primarily associated with metabolic processes, biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and antigen presentation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that bacterial infection elicits a complex transcriptional immune response and provide a resource for identifying candidate immune-related genes, including AMPs.

鉴于全球抗生素耐药性危机不断升级，发现具有低耐药潜力的新型药物已成为对抗耐药病原体的紧迫研究重点。青花（Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire）是中国西南地区的一种传统药用和食用昆虫，因其抗菌、抗炎、解毒和免疫调节等特性而长期被民间医学所使用。这些特征突出了其作为生物活性化合物的宝贵来源的潜力，抗菌肽（amp）是昆虫先天免疫库的一个重要组成部分。昆虫依靠先天免疫产生抗菌肽，这是目前公认的传统抗生素最有前途的替代品之一。在本研究中，通过人工感染大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的混合培养来激活B. rynchopetera的免疫应答，然后通过转录组学分析来鉴定参与先天免疫的基因，特别是编码amp的基因。转录组学分析确定了4484个差异表达基因，包括3289个上调基因和1195个下调基因。其中，免疫相关基因显著上调，包括编码泛素、蛋白酶、amp和免疫识别受体的基因。此外，通路富集分析显示37条显著富集的生物通路，主要与代谢过程、生物合成、三羧酸循环和抗原呈递有关。总的来说，这些发现表明细菌感染引发了复杂的转录免疫反应，并为鉴定候选免疫相关基因（包括amp）提供了资源。

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引用次数: 0

The hidden costs of regeneration in ladybird beetles 瓢虫再生的隐性成本。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104928

Sanjeev Kumar, Deeksha Jattan, Tripti Yadav, Geetanjali Mishra, Omkar

Insects exhibit complex physiological responses to injury, including wound healing, immune activation, and tissue regeneration, all of which impose energetic costs. Regeneration, though adaptive for survival, incurs significant physiological costs, particularly to developmental and reproductive fitness. This study investigates the developmental and reproductive trade-offs associated with limb regeneration in the ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius). Third-instar larvae were subjected to leg amputation and observed through pupation to adulthood. Regenerated individuals were compared with controls across multiple traits including body weight, developmental duration, leg length, gonadal morphology, gonadosomatic index, and reproductive output. Injured larvae showed delayed development and reduced adult body mass. Although 100% leg regeneration occurred, both regenerated and contralateral legs were shorter than those of controls, suggesting systemic growth constraints. Injured individuals exhibited lower gonad weight, reduced GSI, and diminished gonadal size, with shorter and fewer testicular lobules/ovarioles. These effects were observed throughout early adulthood and varied with both sex and age, accompanied by reduced mating success and reproductive output. The observed trade-offs indicate a resource allocation shift prioritizing somatic maintenance over reproduction during regeneration.

Reduced reproductive investment under injury stress highlights the need to consider internal anatomical and developmental consequences, not just external morphology, when evaluating regeneration. These findings clarify how injury-driven resource allocation shapes life-history traits and emphasize the importance of accounting for sublethal injury and environmental stress when assessing natural enemies in biological control programs.

昆虫对损伤表现出复杂的生理反应，包括伤口愈合、免疫激活和组织再生，所有这些都需要消耗能量。再生虽然是为了适应生存，但也需要付出巨大的生理代价，尤其是在发育和生殖健康方面。本研究探讨了瓢虫Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）与肢体再生相关的发育和生殖权衡。对三龄幼虫进行断腿观察，化蛹至成虫。将再生个体与对照组在体重、发育持续时间、腿长、性腺形态、性腺指数和生殖产量等多个性状上进行比较。受伤幼虫发育迟缓，成虫体重减少。虽然发生了100%的腿部再生，但再生的腿和对侧腿都比对照组短，表明全身生长受限。受伤个体表现出性腺重量降低，GSI降低，性腺大小减小，睾丸小叶/卵巢变短和减少。这些影响在整个成年早期都可以观察到，并且随着性别和年龄的变化而变化，伴随着交配成功率和生殖产出的降低。观察到的权衡表明，在再生过程中，资源分配的转移优先考虑了体细胞维护而不是生殖。损伤应激下生殖投资的减少强调了在评估再生时需要考虑内部解剖和发育后果，而不仅仅是外部形态学。这些发现阐明了伤害驱动的资源分配如何塑造生活史特征，并强调了在生物控制计划中评估天敌时考虑亚致死伤害和环境压力的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of temperature, urbanisation, and artificial light on phototaxis in eusocial and non-eusocial bees 温度、城市化和人造光对群居和非群居蜜蜂趋光性的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104927

Emma Webster , Leslie Ng , Kit Prendergast , Scarlett R. Howard

Climate change and urbanisation are major drivers of global insect pollinator decline. However, the combined effects of these stressors remain poorly understood, particularly in relation to pollinator behaviour. Understanding how these threats alter key foraging behaviours is critical for developing effective conservation and management strategies. Our study explores how temperature and urbanisation impact positive phototaxis (attraction and movement towards light) in native Australian non-eusocial bees, predominantly Lasioglossum, and the eusocial introduced European honeybee (Apis mellifera). The study was conducted in a large, urbanised city, characterised by a growing population and urban sprawl. Using bees collected from urban and natural sites across Greater Melbourne in Australia, we measured phototactic responses under varying temperatures (28 °C and 32 °C) towards narrowband ultraviolet (UV) light (simulating more ecologically relevant light) and artificial white light (simulating less ecologically relevant light). Our results revealed significant differences in phototactic behaviour between native bees and honeybees, with honeybees exhibiting faster responses under all conditions. Temperature significantly impacted phototaxis for honeybees, with the higher temperature resulting in slower phototaxis, but no significant effect was observed for native bees. We found that neither urbanisation nor light type had a significant effect on response time in either honeybee or native bees. This study contributes to our growing understanding of how anthropogenic disturbance may alter critical pollinator behaviours, which in turn, may impact ecosystem function as bees are keystone species in many environments.

气候变化和城市化是全球昆虫传粉媒介减少的主要驱动因素。然而，这些压力源的综合影响仍然知之甚少，特别是与传粉者的行为有关。了解这些威胁如何改变关键的觅食行为对于制定有效的保护和管理策略至关重要。我们的研究探讨了温度和城市化如何影响澳大利亚本地非社会性蜜蜂（主要是Lasioglossum）和社会性引入的欧洲蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的正向趋光性（吸引和向光移动）。这项研究是在一个人口不断增长和城市扩张的大型城市化城市进行的。利用从澳大利亚大墨尔本的城市和自然场所收集的蜜蜂，我们测量了不同温度（28 °C和32 °C）下对窄带紫外线（UV）光（模拟更多生态相关的光）和人工白光（模拟较少生态相关的光）的光致反应。我们的研究结果揭示了本地蜜蜂和蜜蜂在趋光行为上的显著差异，蜜蜂在所有条件下都表现出更快的反应。温度对蜜蜂的趋光性有显著影响，温度升高导致趋光性变慢，但对本地蜜蜂的趋光性无显著影响。我们发现，城市化和光照类型对蜜蜂和本地蜜蜂的响应时间都没有显著影响。这项研究有助于我们越来越多地了解人为干扰如何改变传粉者的关键行为，这反过来又可能影响生态系统功能，因为蜜蜂是许多环境中的关键物种。

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引用次数: 0

The transcription factor E93 modulates Mmp1 expression to regulate testicular fusion during the prepupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera 转录因子E93通过调控Mmp1的表达调控棉铃虫蛹前期睾丸融合。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104924

Kai Wang , Mengdan Zhang , Ping Zheng, Guiying Xie, Wenbo Chen, Xincheng Zhao

The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a major globally distributed agricultural pest. A notable aspect of its male gonad development is testicular fusion during the larval-pupal transition, though the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we determined that the critical period for testicular fusion occurs at the pre-pupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera. RNAi-mediated knockdown of HaE93 in last-instar larvae disrupted this process. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that HaE93 knockdown disrupts juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling and significantly alters the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components, remodeling enzymes, cadherins, and integrins. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression peaks of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in testes coincided with the period of testicular fusion, with HaMmp1 being particularly highly expressed in the testicular sheath. Furthermore, knockdown of HaMmp1 recapitulated the testicular fusion failure phenotype. Mating trials and egg hatchability assays demonstrated that dsHaMmp1-treated males had significantly reduced mating success and offspring survival. The observed significant downregulation of spermatogenesis-related genes in these males suggests that complete testicular fusion is crucial for male reproduction. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HaE93 regulates testicular fusion by modulating HaMmp1 expression, thus identifying HaMmp1 as a potential target for genetic pest management strategies aimed at inducing male sterility.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）是全球主要的农业害虫。其雄性性腺发育的一个显著方面是在幼虫-蛹转变过程中的睾丸融合，尽管其潜在的调节机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们确定了棉铃虫睾丸融合的关键时期发生在蛹前阶段。rnai介导的HaE93在末龄幼虫中的敲低破坏了这一过程。比较转录组学分析显示，HaE93基因敲低可破坏幼代激素（JH）和20-羟基脱皮激素（20E）信号，并显著改变编码细胞外基质（ECM）成分、重塑酶、钙粘蛋白和整合素的基因表达。RT-qPCR分析显示，基质金属蛋白酶（Mmps）在睾丸中的表达高峰与睾丸融合期一致，其中HaMmp1在睾丸鞘中的表达尤其高。此外，HaMmp1的敲低重现了睾丸融合失败表型。交配试验和卵孵化试验表明，dshammp1处理的雄性交配成功率和后代存活率显著降低。在这些雄性中观察到的精子发生相关基因的显著下调表明，完全的睾丸融合对雄性生殖至关重要。总之，我们的研究结果表明，HaE93通过调节HaMmp1的表达来调节睾丸融合，从而确定HaMmp1是旨在诱导雄性不育的遗传害虫管理策略的潜在靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of differential efficiency in expression of sericin 3 and silk fibroin heavy chain-like protein in the posterior silk gland of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) 家蚕后丝腺中丝胶蛋白3和丝素蛋白重链样蛋白表达效率差异的机制

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104926

Yongfeng Wang , Yuguo Wang , Qiuying Li , Ruji Peng , Xinyin Liang , Xuedong Chen , Guang Wang , Yanghu Sima , Shiqing Xu

The silk gland of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) holds tremendous application prospects as a bioreactor. However, expressing exogenous proteins in the silk gland faces bottlenecks, especially aberrant silk gland development and low efficiency in silk protein synthesis and secretion. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the differential outcomes of genic engineering to promote protein synthesis of posterior silk gland (PSG)-specific transgenic expression of Sericin 3 (Ser3) and the silk fibroin heavy chain-like protein HPL gene (Hpl), which influence silk gland development and silk synthesis and secretion. The results demonstrated that PSG-specific expression of the Hpl gene reduced silk protein synthesis and secretion by inhibiting endoreplication. Concurrently, activation of the Hippo signaling pathway and elevated autophagy/apoptosis in the PSG resulted in imbalanced cell development across the gland, ultimately leading to structural collapse. In contrast, PSG-specific expression of the Ser3 gene did not activate the Hippo pathway, nor increase autophagy or apoptosis. Furthermore, enhanced endoreplication not only maintained normal tissue morphology but also significantly improved silk protein synthesis and secretion as compared to the wild-type group. These findings clarified the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in silkworm silk gland development and provided insights to improve silk gland development in transgenic silkworms and optimized PSG-specific transgene targeting strategies.

家蚕（Bombyx mori）的蚕丝腺作为生物反应器具有巨大的应用前景。然而，外源蛋白在蚕丝腺中的表达面临瓶颈，特别是蚕丝腺发育异常，蚕丝蛋白合成和分泌效率低。本研究旨在探讨基因工程促进后丝腺（PSG）蛋白合成差异结果的机制——丝胶蛋白3 （Ser3）和丝素蛋白重链样蛋白HPL基因（HPL）的特异性转基因表达，影响丝腺发育和丝的合成和分泌。结果表明，psg特异性表达Hpl基因通过抑制内复制来减少丝蛋白的合成和分泌。同时，Hippo信号通路的激活和PSG中自噬/凋亡的升高导致整个腺体的细胞发育不平衡，最终导致结构崩溃。相比之下，psg特异性表达Ser3基因不会激活Hippo通路，也不会增加自噬或凋亡。此外，与野生型组相比，增强的内复制不仅维持了正常的组织形态，而且显著提高了丝蛋白的合成和分泌。这些发现阐明了Hippo信号通路在家蚕蚕丝腺发育中的作用，为改善转基因家蚕蚕丝腺发育和优化psg特异性转基因靶向策略提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LmSerpin5 knockout causes midgut dysplasia and leads to embryonic lethality in Locusta migratoria CRISPR/ cas9介导的LmSerpin5基因敲除导致迁徙蝗虫中肠发育不良并导致胚胎死亡。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104925

Lixia Ma , Baiqi Wu , Shujing Li , Xueyao Zhang , Xiaoming Zhao , Jianzhen Zhang , Ming Zhang , Min Zhang , Li Ma , Caixia Guo , Tingting Zhang

Serpins play a crucial role in in various physiological processes of insects. Previous studies have suggested that Serpins regulated processes like egg diapause, melanization, and antimicrobial peptide synthesis in Locusta migratoria, but their overall functional characterization remains insufficient. In this study, the functions of LmSerpin5 in regulating developmental processes and innate immunity were investigated via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Homozygous LmSerpin5 mutation caused complete embryonic lethality. By contrast, chimeric mutants showed elevated mortality during embryonic-to-first-instar nymph transition, though chitinous tissue development remained unaffected. Additionally, adult mutants exhibited no external malformations but displayed pathological changes in immune organs, including fat body cells with enlarged lipid droplets and nuclei, and midgut absorptive cells lacking brush borders. Furthermore, pro-nymphal midguts exhibited reduced microvilli density, structural defects, and inflammatory intestinal folds. Molecular analysis confirmed upregulation of Toll pathway downstream genes (LmMyd88, LmPelle and LmTube) in mutant tissues, with midgut-specific activation of LmTube and LmPelle linking structural damage to immune dysregulation. These results demonstrated LmSerpin5 maintains homeostasis through dual mechanisms: ensuring embryonic survival and suppressing excessive Toll activation.

蛇蛋白在昆虫的各种生理过程中起着至关重要的作用。先前的研究表明，Serpins调节了迁徙蝗的卵滞育、黑色素化和抗菌肽合成等过程，但其整体功能表征仍不充分。在本研究中，我们通过CRISPR/ cas9介导的敲除研究了LmSerpin5在调节发育过程和先天免疫中的功能。LmSerpin5纯合子突变导致胚胎完全致死。相比之下，嵌合突变体在胚胎向前若虫过渡期间死亡率升高，但几丁质组织发育未受影响。此外，成年突变体没有表现出外部畸形，但在免疫器官中表现出病理改变，包括脂肪体细胞，脂滴和核增大，中肠吸收细胞缺乏刷状边界。此外，前淋巴中肠表现出微绒毛密度减少，结构缺陷和炎症性肠褶皱。分子分析证实，突变组织中Toll通路下游基因（LmMyd88、LmPelle和LmTube）上调，LmTube和LmPelle的中肠特异性激活将结构损伤与免疫失调联系起来。这些结果表明LmSerpin5通过双重机制维持体内平衡：确保胚胎存活和抑制过度的Toll激活。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-function trehalose transporters link metabolic adaptation to diapause plasticity and fecundity in Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 双功能海藻糖转运体将树突赤眼蜂（膜翅目：赤眼蜂科）滞育可塑性和繁殖力的代谢适应联系起来。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104923

Xue Zhang , Xiaoyang Song , Meixin Zheng , Jiaqing Guo , Yanan Fan , Jianbo Huang , Qianyu Zhang , Junjie Zhang , Changchun Ruan

Trehalose transporters (Trets) play a pivotal role in mediating metabolic adaptation in insects by regulating trehalose distribution across tissues. However, their functional differentiation and contribution to key life-history traits such as diapause and reproduction remain poorly understood in parasitoid wasps. In this study, we investigated two trehalose transporter genes, Tret1 and Tret1-2, in the parasitic wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, an important biological control agent. Using stage-specific RNA interference, we demonstrated that knockdown of either gene significantly impaired diapause induction and delayed larval–prepupal transition, accompanied by downregulation of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose content. Moreover, Tret1 silencing broadly suppressed the expression of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and ecdysone receptor (EcR), whereas Tret1-2 knockdown specifically reduced EcR transcript levels. Intriguingly, only adult-stage silencing of Tret1-2 severely compromised female fecundity, reducing both ovarian egg load and total number of parasitized eggs, and led to disrupted ovarian morphology and downregulation of vitellogenin receptor (VgR). These results reveal that Tret1 and Tret1-2 have evolved specialized, stage-specific functions: Tret1 primarily supports larval development and diapause preparation, while Tret1-2 is essential for adult reproductive performance, likely through regulating VgR-mediated oogenesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the functional divergence of trehalose transporters in linking metabolic reprogramming to diapause plasticity and fecundity in a parasitoid wasp, with implications for improving its mass rearing and field application in biological control programs.

海藻糖转运体（Trets）通过调节海藻糖在组织中的分布，在昆虫代谢适应中起着关键作用。然而，它们的功能分化和对关键生活史特征的贡献，如滞育和繁殖，在寄生蜂中仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了两种海藻糖转运蛋白Tret1和Tret1-2基因在树突赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi）中的表达。通过阶段特异性RNA干扰，研究人员发现，敲低任一基因都会显著损害滞育诱导和延迟幼虫到蛹前的转变，并伴有海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶和海藻糖含量的下调。此外，Tret1沉默广泛抑制幼年激素环氧化物水解酶和蜕皮激素受体（EcR）的表达，而Tret1-2敲低特异性降低EcR转录水平。有趣的是，只有在成年期沉默Tret1-2才会严重损害雌性的繁殖力，降低卵巢卵负荷和寄生卵总数，导致卵巢形态破坏和卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）下调。这些结果表明Tret1和Tret1-2已经进化出了专门的、阶段特异性的功能：Tret1主要支持幼虫发育和滞育准备，而Tret1-2则对成虫的生殖性能至关重要，可能通过调节vgr介导的卵发生。我们的研究结果为寄生蜂代谢重编程与滞育可塑性和繁殖力之间海藻糖转运体的功能差异提供了新的见解，对改善寄生蜂的大规模饲养和在生物防治计划中的野外应用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Pigment-dispersing factor is not essential for eclosion rhythm and inducing the photoperiodic diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori 色素分散因子在家蚕的羽化节律和诱导光周期滞育中不是必需的。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104914

Hisashi Tobita , Takashi Kiuchi

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) functions as a key circadian clock output that regulates circadian rhythmicity at physiological and behavioral levels in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Similarly, the involvement of PDF in circadian behavioral rhythmicity and photoperiodism has been demonstrated across a wide range of insect orders. However, in Lepidoptera, the second largest insect order, the function of PDF remains poorly elucidated. The silkworm Bombyx mori, which exhibits clear circadian rhythmicity and photoperiodism, represents a suitable model for exploring the role of PDF in lepidopterans. Herein, we investigated whether PDF acts as a circadian clock output regulating circadian behavior and photoperiodic diapause induction in B. mori. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we introduced a frameshift mutation into pdf in a bivoltine strain. The mutated allele was predicted to encode a protein lacking the mature PDF region due to a premature stop codon. However, the pdf mutant retained the circadian eclosion rhythm and the ability to induce diapause in response to photoperiodic conditions during the larval stage. Comparative analysis of PDF sequences from multiple insect orders retrieved from the NCBI database revealed that lepidopteran PDF amino acid sequences are less conserved than those of other insect orders. These findings suggest that the PDF of lepidopterans has undergone divergent evolution, and at least in B. mori, it lost function in circadian clock-related output. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the function of PDF in Lepidoptera using reverse genetics.

神经肽色素分散因子（PDF）作为一个关键的生物钟输出，在果蝇生理和行为水平上调节昼夜节律。类似地，PDF参与昼夜行为节律和光周期已经在广泛的昆虫目中得到证实。然而，在昆虫第二大目鳞翅目中，PDF的功能尚不清楚。家蚕具有明显的昼夜节律性和光周期性，为探讨PDF在鳞翅目动物中的作用提供了一个合适的模型。在此，我们研究了PDF是否作为生物钟输出调节家蚕的昼夜节律行为和光周期滞育诱导。利用CRISPR/ cas9介导的诱变技术，我们将一个移码突变引入到一个双伏菌株的pdf中。预计突变等位基因编码一个由于过早终止密码子而缺乏成熟PDF区域的蛋白质。然而，pdf突变体在幼虫期对光周期条件的响应中保留了昼夜羽化节律和诱导滞育的能力。对NCBI数据库中检索到的多个昆虫目的PDF序列进行比较分析，发现鳞翅目PDF氨基酸序列的保守性低于其他昆虫目。这些发现表明鳞翅目的PDF经历了不同的进化，至少在家蚕中，它失去了与生物钟相关的输出功能。据我们所知，这是首次利用反向遗传学研究鳞翅目PDF功能的研究。

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引用次数: 0