Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第5页

A piRNA modulates the levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the ovary of the German cockroach 一种piRNA调节德国蟑螂卵巢中20-羟基蜕皮激素的水平。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104891

Judit Gonzalvo , Nuria Farrus , Jorge Escudero , Petra Berková , Martin Moos , Marcela Nouzova , Fernando G. Noriega , David Pujal , Josep Bau , Maria-Dolors Piulachs

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, typically 26 to 31 nucleotides long, originally known for silencing transposable elements (TEs), thus maintaining genomic stability. However, recent research has revealed additional regulatory roles. In this study, we investigate piRNA-305221, which is highly expressed in the ovaries of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, to understand its involvement in oogenesis and reproduction. piRNA-305221 is found in germinal and somatic cells during the gonadotropic cycle, and is maternally provided to the egg. Its expression correlates with critical ovarian events, such as endoreplication and follicular cell differentiation, suggesting regulatory functions beyond TE silencing. Functional knockdown using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) resulted in delayed oviposition, malformed oothecae, and reduced offspring viability. Gene expression analysis revealed that the reduction of piRNA-305221 decreased shade (Cyp314a1) mRNA levels, impairing the conversion of ecdysone to its active form, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and a concomitant increase in expression of upstream steroidogenic genes (spook (Cyp307a1), phantom (Cyp306a1), disembodied (Cyp302a1)). These results indicate that piRNA-305221 may regulate steroidogenesis through direct or indirect control of mRNA targets. This study highlights the broader regulatory functions of piRNAs and demonstrates the utility of ASO-mediated knockdown in functional studies of non-coding RNAs.

piwi相互作用rna （pirna）是一种小的非编码rna，通常长26至31个核苷酸，最初被认为是沉默转座元件（te），从而维持基因组的稳定性。然而，最近的研究揭示了其他的调节作用。在这项研究中，我们研究了在德国小蠊卵巢中高表达的piRNA-305221，以了解其与卵发生和繁殖的关系。piRNA-305221存在于促性腺激素周期的生发细胞和体细胞中，并由母体提供给卵子。它的表达与关键的卵巢事件相关，如内膜复制和卵泡细胞分化，表明TE沉默之外的调节功能。使用反义寡核苷酸（ASOs）进行功能性敲除导致产卵延迟、卵囊畸形和后代生存能力降低。基因表达分析显示，piRNA-305221的减少降低了shade (Cyp314a1) mRNA水平，损害了蜕皮激素向其活性形式20-羟基蜕皮激素的转化，并同时增加了上游类固醇基因(spook (Cyp307a1), phantom （Cyp306a1), disembodied (Cyp302a1)）的表达。这些结果表明piRNA-305221可能通过直接或间接控制mRNA靶点来调节甾体生成。这项研究强调了pirna更广泛的调控功能，并证明了aso介导的敲低在非编码rna的功能研究中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Lifespan after desiccation stress is genetically variable and partially associated to head traits in a set of recombinant lines in Drosophila melanogaster 干燥胁迫后的寿命在遗传上是可变的，部分与黑腹果蝇重组系的头部性状有关

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104890

María C. Viegas , Federico H. Gomez , Mariana Loyo Anguiano, Fabian M. Norry

Desiccation stress is one of the most critical stress forms in terrestrial environments under climate change and global warming. To search for genetic variation and any possible associations between lifespan after desiccation and two morphometric traits of head in flies, we used two sets of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of Drosophila melanogaster. Desiccation survival was measured as lifespan at 25 °C by exposing flies to a desiccation environment for 1.5 h at 2, 4, and 6 days of age. This desiccation treatment decreased dramatically (2.5 times, in average) lifespan in treated flies as compared to control flies. There was high variation in desiccation survival across lines within each of two RIL panels, with mean survival ranging between 5 and 27 days across RIL. Composite interval mapping revealed 5 QTLs, all of them on chromosome 2 in females. The genetic basis of survival after desiccation episodes was found to be partially different from the genetic basis of survival under permanent desiccation studied previously in these RIL. Desiccation survival (lifespan after desiccation stress) was significantly correlated not to body size but rather to two parts of the head capsule that are well known to be related in a trade-off in Drosophila: frons and eye size. These associations between lifespan and head morphology appeared after non-lethal desiccation episodes rather than under permanent desiccation stress.

干旱胁迫是气候变化和全球变暖背景下陆地环境中最重要的胁迫形式之一。为了寻找果蝇干燥后寿命与头部两种形态特征之间的遗传变异和可能的关联，我们使用了两组黑腹果蝇重组自交系（RIL）。通过在2、4和6日龄时将果蝇暴露在干燥环境中1.5小时，以25°C下的寿命来测量干燥存活率。与对照蝇相比，这种干燥处理显著减少了处理蝇的寿命（平均减少2.5倍）。在两个RIL组中，各系的干燥存活率差异很大，RIL的平均存活率在5至27天之间。复合区间定位发现5个qtl，均位于2号染色体上。研究发现，干旱发作后存活的遗传基础与之前在这些RIL中研究的永久干旱下存活的遗传基础部分不同。干燥生存（干燥压力后的寿命）与身体大小无关，而与头囊的两个部分有关，众所周知，这两个部分与果蝇的权衡有关：眼珠和眼睛大小。这些寿命和头部形态之间的关联出现在非致死性干燥事件之后，而不是在永久性干燥压力下。

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引用次数: 0

Cinnabar-dependent eye pigmentation mediates light input for circadian behavior synchronization in Spodoptera frugiperda 朱砂依赖性眼睛色素沉着介导了夜蛾昼夜行为同步的光输入

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104888

Zi-Jing Zheng , Shen-Lei Li , Shu-Ting Fan , Ze-Yuan Zhang , Shang-Huan Huang , Xi-Yu Ye , Guan-Heng Zhu

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a key lepidopteran pest of numerous agricultural and industrial crops worldwide. The effects of environmental factors, such as light, on the behavior of the fall armyworm have been poorly studied. Here, in this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to generate a germline knockout of the eye color genes, cinnabar and cardinal. The homozygous cinnabar mutants (cin^−/−) initially exhibited a pale-yellow eye phenotype, which gradually deepened to red over time, while wild-type with black compound eyes. The cin^−/− were used for behavioral observations, indicating that adult mutants exhibited abnormal rhythmic patterns in eclosion, mating, and oviposition behaviors, suggesting that rhythmicity was significantly disrupted due to the loss of eye pigmentation. At two days post-eclosion observation of paraffin sections revealed that the pigment in the compound eye almost completely disappeared. Further, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of photosensitive and rhythm genes was completely disordered. These findings showed that the presence of cinnabar is essential for the color of the compound eye and is necessary for the fall armyworm to adjust the rhythms by sensing light through compound eye pigmentation, providing new insights into the relationship between eye and circadian rhythms in insects.

秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是世界上许多农业和工业作物的主要鳞翅目害虫。光照等环境因素对秋粘虫行为的影响研究甚少。在这里，在本研究中，利用CRISPR/Cas9对眼睛颜色基因、朱砂和红衣红衣进行了种系敲除。纯合子朱砂突变体（cin−/−）最初表现为淡黄色的眼睛表型，随着时间的推移逐渐加深到红色，而野生型则具有黑色复眼。cin - / -用于行为观察，表明成年突变体在羽化、交配和产卵行为中表现出异常的节律模式，这表明由于眼睛色素沉着的丧失，节律性被显著破坏。羽化后2天石蜡切片观察复眼色素几乎完全消失。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，光敏基因和节律基因的表达完全紊乱。这些发现表明，朱砂的存在对复眼的颜色至关重要，并且是秋粘虫通过复眼色素沉积感应光来调节节律所必需的，为昆虫眼睛与昼夜节律的关系提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Structural organization of excretory organs in Phasmatodea based on micro-computed tomography 基于微计算机断层扫描的Phasmatodea排泄器官的结构组织

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104889

Matan Shelomi , Fabian Bäumler , Thies H. Büscher

Phasmatodea excretory organs differ from other insects’. They consist of two types of Malpighian tubules, excretory and calciferous, and the enigmatic midgut appendages, which are an autapomorphy of this lineage. To gain a better understanding of these three tubules, we used micro-computed tomography to visualize their structural organization in a female Epidares nolimetangere. The midgut appendices were conspicuous, with ducts arising from their ampules penetrating the midgut wall and connecting to the exoperitrophic space. Radio-dense material was observed in the calciferous Malpighian tubules, differentiating them from the excretory Malpighian tubules. While their key role in the development of the biomineralized eggs of Phasmatodea is assumed, the process of how this material is transferred to the eggshells remains unclear. These observations validate previous anatomic and microscopy findings of the Phasmatodea excretory tubules with the description of the structural organization of the excretory organs in a species so far not examined in this regard.

Phasmatodea的排泄器官不同于其他昆虫。它们包括两种类型的马氏小管，排泄小管和钙化小管，以及神秘的中肠附属物，这是该谱系的自异形。为了更好地了解这三个小管，我们使用微型计算机断层扫描来观察雌性小管的结构组织。中肠阑尾很明显，从它们的小体中产生的导管穿过中肠壁并连接到外营养间隙。钙化的马尔比氏小管中可见致密的放射性物质，与排泄的马尔比氏小管相区别。虽然它们在Phasmatodea生物矿化卵的发育中起着关键作用，但这种物质如何转移到蛋壳的过程仍不清楚。这些观察结果证实了先前对Phasmatodea排泄小管的解剖和显微镜观察结果，以及迄今为止尚未在这方面进行研究的物种排泄器官结构组织的描述。

引用次数: 0

Arachidonic acid regulates hormonal crosstalk to promote molting success and mediate a life-history trade-off in a wolf spider 花生四烯酸调节激素串扰促进狼蛛成功换羽和调节生活史权衡。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104887

Lelei Wen , Lieping Wang , Xiaoguo Jiao , Haixin Zhang , Lang Hu , Zhilin Zhang , Baoyu Peng , Yu Peng , Changchun Li

The biochemical composition of prey is a critical factor shaping the life-history strategies of obligate predators, yet the molecular mechanisms through which specific nutrients regulate complex developmental processes remain largely unknown. Using the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata as a model, where arachidonic acid (ARA) is indispensable for preventing molting death, we integrated life-history analysis and RNA sequencing to elucidate its regulatory role. We discovered a significant life-history trade-off: while essential for survival, dietary ARA significantly prolonged early instar duration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ARA orchestrates a two-phase developmental strategy to resolve this conflict. The “preparation” phase, marked by the upregulation of juvenile hormone synthesis (JHAMT), corresponds to the developmental delay and facilitates resource accumulation. This is followed by an “execution” phase, where ARA triggers the entire ecdysone cascade, from biosynthesis (e.g., Spook, Shade) and signaling (USP) to catabolism (CYP18A1). This hormonal activation was coupled with the substantial upregulation of downstream effector genes, including dozens of cuticular proteins. Our findings indicate that ARA acts as a key signaling molecule that coordinates the hormonal crosstalk between developmental timing and molting. This study provides a comprehensive molecular model for the nutritional regulation of arthropod development, linking nutrition, physiology, and survival.

猎物的生物化学组成是决定专性捕食者生活史策略的关键因素，但特定营养物质调节复杂发育过程的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。以狼蛛为研究对象，结合生活史分析和RNA测序，研究了花生四烯酸（ARA）在预防脱毛死亡中不可或缺的作用。我们发现了一个重要的生活史权衡：虽然饮食ARA对生存至关重要，但它显著延长了早期持续时间。转录组学分析显示，ARA协调了两个阶段的发展策略来解决这种冲突。“准备”期以幼体激素合成（JHAMT）上调为标志，与发育迟缓相对应，有利于资源积累。接下来是“执行”阶段，ARA触发整个蜕皮激素级联反应，从生物合成（例如，Spook, Shade）和信号传导（USP）到分解代谢（CYP18A1）。这种激素激活伴随着下游效应基因的大量上调，包括数十种角质层蛋白。我们的研究结果表明，ARA作为一个关键的信号分子，协调发育时间和蜕皮之间的激素串扰。本研究为节肢动物发育的营养调控提供了一个综合的分子模型，将营养、生理和生存联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Maxillary palp gustatory receptors mediate aphid corpses avoidance in Harmonia axyridis 上颌触须感受器介导舌蚜避尸。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104886

Yi Zhang , Ya-Nan Liu , Yu-Dan Li , Tong-Xian Liu , Xing-Xing Wang

The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an important predatory natural enemy with a broad dietary spectrum and few avoided food sources. Nevertheless, it shows avoidance behavior toward aphid corpses, likely to minimize the risk of pathogen infection in the wild. The molecular basis of this behavior remains unclear, and gustatory receptors (GRs) are hypothesized to be involved. Here, we examined the avoidance of H. axyridis toward pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) corpses and investigated the role of candidate GR genes in contact chemoreception via the maxillary palps. Using SEM and immunofluorescence, we characterized the microstructure of the maxillary palps and mapped neuronal distributions. Behavioral assays combined with RNAi were performed to evaluate three candidate GR genes associated with corpse recognition. Our results show that feeding behavior on A. pisum is largely determined by gustatory input through maxillary palp contact. The palp surface is densely covered with sensilla, and internally the tissue displays a complementary distribution of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. RNAi assays demonstrated that three GR genes (GR2-like, GR28b-like, and GR64e-like) mediate corpse avoidance. Silencing GR2-like alone significantly reduced avoidance, while simultaneous knockdown of GR28b-like and GR64e-like further weakened the response, suggesting functional interactions among gustatory receptors in H. axyridis. These findings reveal a gustatory mechanism underlying corpse avoidance in predatory insects and provide insights relevant to biological control and artificial diet development.

瓢虫是一种重要的掠食性天敌，具有广泛的食性和较少的食物来源。然而，它对蚜虫尸体表现出回避行为，可能将野外病原体感染的风险降至最低。这种行为的分子基础尚不清楚，并推测味觉受体（GRs）参与其中。在这里，我们研究了豌豆蚜对豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）尸体的回避，并研究了候选GR基因在通过上颚触须接触化学接受中的作用。利用扫描电镜和免疫荧光技术对上颌触诊的微观结构进行了表征，并绘制了神经元分布图。行为分析结合RNAi评估了与尸体识别相关的三个候选GR基因。我们的研究结果表明，沙蚤的摄食行为在很大程度上是由上颌触须接触的味觉输入决定的。触须表面密集地覆盖着感受器，内部组织显示出多巴胺能和血清素能神经元的互补分布。RNAi分析表明，三种GR基因（GR2-like， GR28b-like和gr64 -like）介导尸体回避。单独沉默GR2-like可显著降低回避反应，而同时敲低GR28b-like和gr64 -like则进一步削弱了回避反应，提示红毛鼠中味觉受体之间存在功能相互作用。这些发现揭示了食肉昆虫躲避尸体的味觉机制，并为生物防治和人工饮食开发提供了相关见解。

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引用次数: 0

An insulin-like peptide mediates trehalose storage in the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus 一种胰岛素样肽介导褐藻糖储存在西部褐变植物昆虫，Lygus hesperus。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104885

Devin T. Mazolewski , J.Joe Hull , Colin S. Brent , Andrew B. Nuss

Insulin signaling controls many physiological processes in insects, and it has a demonstrated role in cellular uptake of circulating sugars. Although model insects have pioneered much of our understanding of insulin signaling, high throughput genetic sequencing has enabled opportunities for the physiological study of less explored insect species. Lygus hesperus, the western tarnished plant bug, is a significant agricultural pest of numerous crops and recent efforts have focused on molecular approaches for identifying new pest management strategies. In this work, three insulin-like peptides (LhILP1, LhILP2, and LhILP3) were characterized from the transcriptome of L. hesperus. LhILP1 and LhILP2 structurally resemble classic insulin-like peptides while LhILP3 resembles arthropod Insulin-like Growth Factors (aIGFs). All three LhILPs were primarily expressed in the head, and were observed throughout development. We examined their function by observing clearance rates of injected trehalose from the hemolymph in adult L. hesperus males following RNAi knockdown of the respective LhILPs. Untreated males cleared the trehalose within 6 h and showed a corresponding increase in glycogen content. While knockdown of LhILP1 did not impact clearance rate, knockdown of LhILP2 prevented clearance of circulating trehalose and glycogen accumulation. Knockdown of LhILP3 also prevented trehalose clearance, but this appears to be influenced by co-knockdown of LhILP2, rather than a direct effect. Head ligation stopped the release of head-produced LhILPs, preventing the clearance of injected trehalose, a condition that could be rescued with co-injection of heterologous insulin. Stage-specific expression in LhILP RNAi insects suggest that LhILPs have multiple additional roles besides hemolymph carbohydrate homeostasis in L. hesperus that remain to be explored.

胰岛素信号控制昆虫的许多生理过程，并在循环糖的细胞摄取中发挥作用。虽然模式昆虫在我们对胰岛素信号的理解方面是先驱，但高通量基因测序为较少探索的昆虫物种的生理研究提供了机会。西部褐蝽（Lygus hesperus）是一种重要的农业害虫，是许多作物的主要害虫，最近的努力集中在分子方法上，以确定新的害虫管理策略。在这项工作中，从L. hesperus转录组中鉴定了3种胰岛素样肽（LhILP1， LhILP2和LhILP3）。LhILP1和LhILP2在结构上类似于经典的胰岛素样肽，而LhILP3类似于节肢动物胰岛素样生长因子（aigf）。所有三种LhILPs主要在头部表达，并在整个发育过程中观察到。我们通过观察在RNAi敲除相应的LhILPs后，从成年雄性L. hesperus的血淋巴中注射海藻糖的清除率来检测它们的功能。未经处理的雄鼠在6 h内清除海藻糖，糖原含量相应增加。虽然LhILP1的敲低不影响清除率，但LhILP2的敲低阻止了循环海藻糖和糖原积累的清除。LhILP3的敲低也会阻止海藻糖的清除，但这似乎受到LhILP2的共同敲低的影响，而不是直接影响。头部结扎阻止了头部产生的LhILPs的释放，阻止了注射海藻糖的清除，这种情况可以通过联合注射异种胰岛素来挽救。在LhILP RNAi昆虫中的阶段特异性表达表明，LhILP除了在L. hesperus中维持血淋巴碳水化合物稳态外，还具有多种其他作用，这些作用仍有待探索。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of RNAi efficiency by delivering of dsRNA formulated with cell-penetrating disulfide polymer in the fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda 利用细胞穿透二硫聚合物制备的dsRNA在秋粘虫体内的传递提高RNAi效率

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104881

Xu Wu , Wen-Mei Li , Qiang Xu , Xiao-Ping Yi , Da-He Zhang , Ming-Zhe He , Yu-Hong Ren

RNA interference (RNAi) has shown excellent potential for pest management worldwide. However, the application of RNAi against insects can be inefficient and unreliable. Finding a better delivery system is a crucial factor for enhancing RNAi efficacy. Here, we present a novel and effective approach of conjugating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with a cell-penetrating disulfide polymer (CPD) to improve dsRNA stability and RNAi efficiency. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a globally agricultural insect. Chitin synthase B (CHSB) and methoprene-tolerant (Met) genes, which are essential for the development and growth of FAW, were selected as target genes. The CPD was synthesized using a two-step method for dsRNA delivery. The synthesized CPD/dsRNA complex protected dsRNA from nuclease degradation. The biological application of CPD in Sf9 cells demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high cell viability. Moreover, the CPD-loaded dsRNA entered the cells within 6 h. Bioassays of FAW showed that the relative expression levels of the CHSB and Met genes were reduced. Specifically, at 72 h, the relative expression levels of the CHSB and Met genes were 48.14 % and 37.60 % of those in the control group, respectively. The weight and body length of the larvae decreased significantly, and the mortality rate of CPD/dsCHSB reached 30 %. This CPD was demonstrated for the first time to have excellent delivery performance in insects and is expected to become a new and effective tool for pest control, representing a significant advancement in pest management.

RNA干扰（RNAi）技术在世界范围内的病虫害防治中显示出巨大的潜力。然而，RNAi对昆虫的应用效率低且不可靠。寻找更好的递送系统是提高RNAi效能的关键因素。在这里，我们提出了一种新的和有效的方法结合双链RNA （dsRNA）与细胞穿透二硫化物聚合物（CPD），以提高dsRNA的稳定性和RNAi效率。秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种全球性的农业昆虫。选择几丁质合成酶B （CHSB）和耐甲氧丁烯（Met）基因作为靶基因，这两个基因是FAW发育和生长所必需的。CPD采用两步法合成，用于传递dsRNA。合成的CPD/dsRNA复合物保护dsRNA免受核酸酶降解。CPD在Sf9细胞中的生物学应用显示出低细胞毒性和高细胞活力。此外，cpd负载的dsRNA在6小时内进入细胞。FAW的生物测定显示CHSB和Met基因的相对表达水平降低。其中，72h时CHSB和Met基因的相对表达量分别为对照组的48.14%和37.60%。幼虫体重和体长均显著下降，CPD/dsCHSB致死率达30%。该CPD首次在昆虫中表现出良好的传递性能，有望成为一种新的有效的害虫防治工具，标志着害虫防治的重大进步。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference in insects: Unveiling new frontiers in pest control 纳米粒子介导的RNA干扰在昆虫中的最新进展：揭示害虫防治的新领域。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104884

Jisheng Liu , Qiuying He , Xianfeng Lin , Guy Smagghe

RNA interference (RNAi), a key post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, has emerged as a powerful tool in insect physiology research and the development of next-generation pest control methods. In insects, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway, which is activated by long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), represents the primary mechanism through which RNAi operates. This comprehensive review explores the recent innovations that have increasingly centered on nanoparticle-based delivery systems to overcome physiological barriers in insects, such as nuclease activity in the gut and inefficient cellular uptake. Nanomaterials based on different (bio)chemistries such as natural organic (chitosan), liposomal-based (liposomes), inorganic (star polycations, carbon quantum dots, layered double hydroxides), synthetic polymers (guanylated polymers), and peptide-based (branched amphiphilic peptide capsules, cell-penetrating peptides), have been employed to encapsulate dsRNA, enhancing its stability and facilitating its targeted delivery to insect tissues. These nanoparticles improve systemic RNAi responses by enabling the efficient traversal of cellular membranes and endosomal escape, crucial steps within the unique physiological context of insect cells. Their nanoscale dimensions, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness position them at the forefront of RNAi innovation. As our understanding of insect molecular and cellular biology deepens, these nanocarriers offer transformative potential in the development of species-specific, eco-friendly insecticides, marking a significant advance in both insect physiology studies and sustainable pest management technologies.

RNA干扰（RNA interference, RNAi）是一种重要的转录后基因沉默机制，已成为昆虫生理学研究和新一代害虫防治方法开发的有力工具。在昆虫中，被长双链RNA （dsRNA）激活的小干扰RNA （siRNA）途径代表了RNAi的主要作用机制。这篇全面的综述探讨了最近越来越多的创新，这些创新集中在纳米颗粒为基础的递送系统上，以克服昆虫的生理障碍，如肠道中的核酸酶活性和低效的细胞摄取。基于不同（生物）化学的纳米材料，如天然有机（壳聚糖）、脂质体（脂质体）、无机（星形聚阳离子、碳量子点、层状双氢氧化物）、合成聚合物（鸟酰化聚合物）和肽基（支链两亲肽胶囊、细胞穿透肽），已被用于包封dsRNA，增强其稳定性并促进其靶向递送到昆虫组织。这些纳米颗粒通过有效穿越细胞膜和内体逃逸来改善全身RNAi反应，这是昆虫细胞独特生理环境中的关键步骤。它们的纳米级尺寸、生物相容性、低毒性和成本效益使它们处于RNAi创新的前沿。随着我们对昆虫分子和细胞生物学认识的加深，这些纳米载体为物种特异性、环保型杀虫剂的开发提供了变革潜力，标志着昆虫生理学研究和可持续害虫管理技术的重大进展。

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引用次数: 0

Factors affecting locomotor plasticity in Rhodnius prolixus 影响长尾蛇运动可塑性的因素。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104872

Letícia Sophia Silva , Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo , Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes , Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri

Triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Their locomotor activity is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors, but whether individual behavioral profiles persist across developmental stages remains unclear. This study evaluated non-oriented locomotor activity in Rhodnius prolixus under varying nutritional states (short-fasting, long-fasting, fed), developmental stages (5^th instar nymphs and adults), sex (males and females), and light phase (photophase vs. scotophase). In a longitudinal design using actometers, we recorded the movements of 81 insects (42 males, 39 females) over 24-hour periods at specific time points through their 5^th instar and adult stage. Results revealed significant variability in activity, but statistical modeling indicated that individual differences contributed minimally to activity variation, with sex, daytime, nutritional state, and developmental stage being the primary determinants. Females were consistently more active than males and both sexes presented higher movement levels during the scotophase compared to the photophase. Adults exhibited greater activity than nymphs. While fed adults displayed higher activity levels than starved individuals, possibly linked to mating or shelter-seeking behaviors, nymphs maintained consistently low activity regardless of nutritional state, indicating a potential energy-conserving starvation-survival strategy. These findings suggest that R. prolixus locomotor activity is not an individually intrinsic trait but rather one dynamically modulated by physiological and environmental conditions, with sex- and light-phase-dependent differences shaping dispersal and survival strategies across life stages.

锥虫是恰加斯病的病原体克氏锥虫的媒介。它们的运动活动受到内源性和外源性因素的影响，但个体行为特征是否在整个发育阶段持续存在尚不清楚。本研究评估了不同营养状态（短断食、长断食、喂食）、发育阶段（5龄若虫和成虫）、性别（雄性和雌性）和光照阶段（光期和暗期）下的长尾红鳉的非定向运动活动。在纵向设计中，我们记录了81只昆虫（雄42只，雌39只）在特定时间点从5龄到成虫阶段24小时内的活动情况。结果显示了活动的显著差异，但统计模型表明个体差异对活动变化的影响最小，性别、白天、营养状况和发育阶段是主要决定因素。雌性始终比雄性更活跃，在斑叶期与光期相比，两性都表现出更高的运动水平。成虫比若虫表现出更大的活动。虽然被喂食的成虫比饥饿的成虫表现出更高的活动水平，这可能与交配或寻求庇护的行为有关，但若虫无论营养状况如何，都保持着一贯的低活动，这表明一种潜在的节能饥饿生存策略。这些发现表明，长尾红的运动活动不是个体的内在特征，而是受生理和环境条件的动态调节，性别和光相依赖的差异决定了不同生命阶段的传播和生存策略。

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