Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第7页

Exploration of winter diapause stages of the emerald ash borer based on morphological and biochemical parameters 基于形态学和生化参数的绿灰螟虫冬季滞育阶段的探索。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104859

Yingqiao Dang, Ke Wei, Xinyi Dai, Xiaoyi Wang

Diapause enables the critical survival of certain insects under adverse conditions, and the concealment ability of insects makes characterizing diapause traits challenging. Here, we focused on the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis), a species with obligatory winter diapause, and combined morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses to correlate overwintering diapause stages with two pupal chamber forms: J-shaped (JL) and I-shaped (IL) larvae. Fourth-instar larvae (L4, nondiapausing, still feeding) outside the chamber and pupae (postdiapausing) inside the chamber served as controls. The results revealed that 1) the JL and IL periods overlapped, lasting up to 7 and 5 months, respectively. Significant variations in physiological–biochemical parameters during JL prompted its subdivision into three substages: early (JL-E), middle (JL-M), and late (JL-L). 2) Compared with L4-stage insects, insects in the JL-E and/or JL-M stages presented significantly lower juvenile hormone (JH), trehalose, glucose, and inositol amounts, whereas the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and glycerol amounts increased significantly. In the JL-L and IL stages, the amounts of JH, trehalose, glucose, and inositol no longer differed from those in L4. The IL-stage insects ultimately developed into pupae, with JH, glycerol, and inositol amounts comparable to those in the pupal stage. These findings demonstrate that the JL and IL stages in A. planipennis exhibit strong temporal correspondence with distinct diapause phases, as evidenced by their characteristic physiological signatures. This field-based multilevel study improves the understanding of the diapause biology of this invasive insect pest.

滞育使某些昆虫在不利条件下临界生存，昆虫的隐蔽性使滞育特征的表征具有挑战性。本文以具有强制性冬季滞育的绿灰螟（Agrilus planipennis， EAB）为研究对象，结合形态学、生理和生化分析，将越冬滞育阶段与j形（JL）和i形（IL）两种蛹室形式联系起来。4龄幼虫（L4，未滞育，仍在取食）在室外，蛹（滞育后）在室内作为对照。结果表明：1)JL期和IL期重叠，分别长达7和5 个月；JL生理生化参数的显著变化促使其分为早期（JL- e）、中期（JL- m）和晚期（JL- l）三个亚阶段。2)与l4期相比，JL-E期和/或JL-M期昆虫的幼体激素（JH）、海藻糖、葡萄糖和肌醇含量显著降低，20-羟基蜕皮激素（20E）和甘油含量显著升高。在JL-L和IL期，JH、海藻糖、葡萄糖和肌醇的含量与L4期不再有差异。白介素期昆虫最终发育成蛹，其JH、甘油和肌醇含量与蛹期相当。这些研究结果表明，拟南芥的JL期和IL期与不同的滞育期具有较强的时间相关性，这是它们特有的生理特征所证明的。本研究提高了对该入侵害虫滞育生物学的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling biological age to assess maturation and ageing (Apis mellifera) 模拟生物年龄以评估成熟和衰老（蜜蜂）

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104857

Yumi Yun , Olga Frunze , Nahee Kim, Hyung-Wook Kwon

Environmental stresses caused by climate change—especially fluctuations in temperature and humidity—affect the behavior and physiology of honeybees (Apis mellifera), a model organism with a complex social structure. Worker bees, the most numerous members of colonies, perform tasks based on age polyethism, with lifespans ranging from short-lived summer bees to long-lived winter bees. While regulating this aging process and understanding how stress influences maturation are crucial for colony survival, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we analyzed two physiological traits (hypopharyngeal gland development and fat body lipid mass) and the expression of six genes (ilp1, ilp2, TOR1, JHAMT, AmGr10, and Vg) in marked workers across 11 age groups (0, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, and 25 days) during the flowering period, under controlled environmental conditions and low DWV levels. Five genes (ilp1, ilp2, TOR1, JHAMT, and AmGr10) were identified as reliable age-related markers and were used to develop a predictive model of biological age. Validation on 14-day-old workers sampled during the Flowering, Dearth, and early Overwintering Periods demonstrated that seasonal stress affects biological aging, with predicted ages of 12.14 days (flowering), 14.64 days (dearth), and 28.17 days (early overwintering). The accelerated biological aging in overwintering bees, linked with disease presence and colony failure, confirmed the model’s reliability. This study provides new insights into stress-induced aging in social insects and presents practical tools for monitoring colony health and resilience.

气候变化引起的环境压力，尤其是温度和湿度的波动，影响着蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）这种具有复杂社会结构的模式生物的行为和生理。工蜂是蜂群中数量最多的成员，它们执行的任务是基于年龄的，它们的寿命从短命的夏季蜜蜂到长寿的冬季蜜蜂不等。虽然调节衰老过程和了解压力如何影响成熟对群体生存至关重要，但这些机制仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们分析了在受控环境条件和低DWV水平下，11个年龄组（0、3、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、21和25天）的标记工蜂在开花期间的两个生理性状（下咽腺发育和脂肪体脂质质量）和6个基因（ilp1、ilp2、TOR1、JHAMT、AmGr10和Vg）的表达。五个基因（ilp1, ilp2, TOR1， JHAMT和AmGr10）被确定为可靠的年龄相关标记，并用于建立生物学年龄的预测模型。对开花、枯死和越冬早期14日龄工蜂的验证表明，季节压力影响生物老化，预测年龄为12.14天（开花）、14.64天（枯死）和28.17天（越冬早期）。越冬蜜蜂的加速生物老化，与疾病的存在和蜂群衰竭有关，证实了该模型的可靠性。该研究为社会昆虫的应激老化提供了新的见解，并为监测群体健康和恢复力提供了实用的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Male accessory gland-derived carboxypeptidase B regulates sperm activation in the spermatophores of Grapholita molesta 雄性副腺体来源的羧肽酶B调节毛蚶精囊中精子的激活。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104858

Jie Cheng , Wei Wei , Yiyang Zhang , Fang Zhu , Zhongjian Shen , Xianwei Li , Yu Liang , Huiming Xiang , Ruiyan Ma

Grapholita molesta is a globally significant fruit-boring pest. Females maximize reproductive efficiency through optimal sperm utilization following a single mating event. Post-mating sperm activation is critical for reproductive success. Although sperm activation in G. molesta relies on the spermatophore microenvironment, the molecular regulators and associated metabolic pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a male accessory gland-derived carboxypeptidase B (GmCPB) is essential for this process. GmCPB exhibited peak expression in the accessory gland during the pre-maturation stage; RNAi-mediated knockdown of GmCPB in males substantially reduced fertility, while mating success and longevity were unaffected. Mating with GmCPB-knockdown males had no effect on spermatophore formation or sperm transfer, whereas sperm activation was markedly impaired. Untargeted metabolomic analysis further revealed that multiple metabolic pathways exhibited significant dysregulation in the spermatophores of females after mating with GmCPB- knockdown males. Our findings propose a functional framework for CPB characterization and establish a molecular foundation for population suppression strategies targeting male accessory gland proteins in G. molesta.

葡萄螟是一种全球重要的果螟害虫。雌性在单次交配后通过最佳的精子利用来最大化生殖效率。交配后精子的激活对生殖成功至关重要。尽管毛蚶的精子激活依赖于精子包囊微环境，但其分子调控因子和相关代谢途径仍知之甚少。在这里，我们报道了一种男性附属腺体衍生的羧肽酶B （GmCPB）在这一过程中是必不可少的。GmCPB在前成熟阶段在副腺中表达高峰；rnai介导的GmCPB敲低显著降低了雄性的生育能力，但交配成功率和寿命不受影响。与gmcpb基因敲低的雄性交配对精子包囊形成或精子转移没有影响，而精子激活明显受损。非靶向代谢组学分析进一步揭示，与GmCPB敲低的雄性交配后，雌性精囊中的多种代谢途径出现了显著的失调。我们的研究结果为CPB的鉴定提供了一个功能框架，并为针对雄副腺蛋白的种群抑制策略奠定了分子基础。

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引用次数: 0

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide insights into host adaptation mechanism of Spodoptera frugiperda to cruciferous vegetables 结合转录组学和代谢组学分析，揭示了十字花科蔬菜中夜蛾对寄主的适应机制。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104856

Benshui Shu , Yuning Li , Cuiting Liu , Junying Wu , Cuiling Ye , Jintian Lin , Jingjing Zhang

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a worldwide migratory pest that inflicts considerable harm on numerous economically vital crops. Cruciferous vegetables, specifically pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) and purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), are prominent cash crops in southern China; nevertheless, the suitability of larvae for these crops remains undetermined. This study examined the performance of S. frugiperda when fed B. campestris and B. oleracea leaves. Histopathological investigation indicated no significant alteration in the structure of the larval midgut in the B. campestris treatment group; however the B. oleracea treatment adversely affected the larval midgut structure. The activities of GST, CarE, AMS, and LPS in larval midguts from various treatment groups were studied. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 793 and 3375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the samples treated with B. campestris and B. oleracea, respectively, in comparison to the control. The DEGs that encode detoxification and digesting enzymes were subjected to additional analysis. Metabolome analysis identified 295 and 241 differential metabolites (DEMs) in the samples treated with B. campestris and B. oleracea, respectively, in comparison to the control group. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that taste transduction and purine metabolism were significantly influenced by these two cruciferous vegetables. The comprehensive analysis of these two omics datasets revealed that the metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids were collectively enriched with DEGs and DEMs. Our findings establish a basis for subsequent investigations into the fitness mechanisms of S. frugiperda on cruciferous vegetables.

秋粘虫（FAW）， Spodoptera frugiperda （J. E. Smith）是一种世界性的迁徙害虫，对许多经济上至关重要的作物造成相当大的危害。十字花科蔬菜，特别是小白菜（Brassica campestris L.）和紫甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L.）是中国南方重要的经济作物；然而，幼虫对这些作物的适宜性仍未确定。本研究考察了以油菜芽孢杆菌和甘蓝芽孢杆菌叶片为食的果树芽孢杆菌的生长性能。组织病理学检查显示，油菜芽孢杆菌处理组幼虫中肠结构无明显变化；然而，甘蓝处理对幼虫的中肠结构有不利影响。研究了不同处理组幼虫肠道中GST、CarE、AMS和LPS的活性。对比转录组分析显示，与对照相比，油菜芽孢杆菌和甘蓝芽孢杆菌处理的样品中分别存在793和3375个差异表达基因（deg）。编码解毒和消化酶的deg进行了额外的分析。代谢组学分析发现，与对照组相比，油菜芽孢杆菌和甘蓝芽孢杆菌处理的样品中分别有295种和241种差异代谢物（dem）。KEGG通路富集分析表明，这两种十字花科蔬菜显著影响了味觉转导和嘌呤代谢。对这两个组学数据集的综合分析表明，氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂质的代谢途径都富集了deg和dem。本研究结果为进一步研究frugiperda对十字花科蔬菜的适应性机制奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Knockdown of LmSPARC influences lipid metabolic homeostasis involved ovarian development in Locusta migratoria LmSPARC基因敲低影响迁徙蝗卵巢发育过程中的脂质代谢稳态。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104855

Mingjun Wang , Wenhui Guo , Yong Yang , Qingyao Zhu , Xiaohong Zhang , Daochuan Zhang

Reproduction, a fundamental feature of all known life, is closely correlated with energy homeostasis. Lipids, which can accumulate, provide essential energy support for reproduction. Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is a cellular matrix glycoprotein involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. However, the precise coordination of lipid homeostasis by SPARC during insect reproductive development remains poorly understood. Our study revealed that when the expression of LmSPARC was downregulated by RNA interference (RNAi) in 4th and 5th instar nymphs, molting was delayed compared with that in the control. Knockdown of LmSPARC reduced levels of vitellogenin (Vg) protein and retarded maturation of oocytes. The intercellular patency in the follicular epithelium of the ovaries was abnormal after LmSPARC silencing. In addition, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that the energy metabolism pathway was disrupted in locusts lacking LmSPARC, and the accumulation and degradation of lipids in the body were abnormal. This study provides insights into the effects of LmSPARC on ovarian development and energy metabolism homeostasis in Locusta migratoria, and provides a reference for screening biological control targets via on RNAi.

生殖是所有已知生命的基本特征，它与能量稳态密切相关。脂质可以积累，为生殖提供必要的能量支持。分泌蛋白，酸性和富含半胱氨酸（SPARC）是一种细胞基质糖蛋白，参与调节细胞外基质合成。然而，在昆虫生殖发育过程中，SPARC对脂质稳态的精确协调仍然知之甚少。我们的研究发现，当通过RNA干扰（RNAi）下调LmSPARC的表达时，4龄和5龄若虫的蜕皮时间比对照推迟。敲低LmSPARC可降低卵黄蛋白原（Vg）蛋白水平，延缓卵母细胞成熟。LmSPARC沉默后卵巢卵泡上皮细胞间通畅异常。此外，转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，缺乏LmSPARC的蝗虫能量代谢途径被破坏，体内脂质积累和降解异常。本研究揭示了LmSPARC对迁徙蝗卵巢发育和能量代谢稳态的影响，为通过RNAi筛选生物防治靶点提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator (Pnrc), the Drosophila aaquetzalli homologue, is important in survival of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata 富脯氨酸核受体共激活因子（Pnrc）是aaquetzalli Drosophila aaquetzalli同源物，在Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata的生存中起重要作用。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104843

Ahmad Ali Anjum, Lan-Lan Liao, Lin Jin, Guo-Qing Li

To develop a novel control strategy via a combination of double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based pesticide and biocontrol in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, we endeavored to identify potential dsRNAs that can cause living and non-feeding beetles to provide food for predators and parasitoids. In this context, depletion of proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator (Pnrc), the Drosophila melanogaster aaquetzalli homologue, damages cuticle integrity. In the current paper, RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Hvpnrc by an injection of 200, 500 or 1000 ng of dspnrc into the third instar larvae significantly reduced the level of corresponding transcript and repressed pupation and adult eclosion, in a dose-dependent manner. The resultant female adults were malformed, with misshapen elytra and hindwings. They seldom moved, consumed less potato foliage, and hardly laid eggs. Most Hvpnrc RNAi beetles remained alive for more than a week before death. Silencing of Hvpnrc at the fourth larval instar or pupal stages caused more severe defective phenotypes. The Hvpnrc depleted adults seldom moved and did not consume potato foliage. They did not oviposit and eventually died within 10 days post eclosion. Taken together, dspnrc can cause delayed death and can exert an antifeeding effect; a dspnrc-based pesticide may be compatible with biocontrol when applied to the potato field to control H. vigintioctopunctata.

为了开发一种基于双链RNA （dsRNA）农药和生物防治相结合的新型防治策略，我们努力鉴定可能导致活的和非食性甲虫为捕食者和寄生蜂提供食物的dsRNA。在这种情况下，富含脯氨酸的核受体共激活因子（Pnrc），即黑腹果蝇的同系物的消耗，会损害表皮的完整性。在本文中，通过向三龄幼虫注射200,500或1000 ng的dspnrc靶向Hvpnrc的RNA干扰（RNAi），显著降低了相应的转录物水平，抑制了化蛹和成虫羽化，且呈剂量依赖性。由此产生的雌性成虫是畸形的，有畸形的鞘翅和后翅。它们很少移动，很少吃土豆叶，也几乎不产卵。大多数Hvpnrc RNAi甲虫在死亡前存活了一个多星期。在4龄或蛹期沉默Hvpnrc会导致更严重的表型缺陷。Hvpnrc枯竭的成虫很少移动，也不吃马铃薯叶。它们没有排卵，最终在10 天内死亡。综上所述，dspnrc可导致延迟死亡，并可发挥抗摄食作用；在马铃薯田施用含磷农药防治八爪蚜时，可与生物防治相适应。

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引用次数: 0

Sex-dependent latent chilling injury changes estimates of thermal tolerance in a model insect 性别依赖的潜在冷害改变了模式昆虫的热耐受性。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104844

Mahmoud I. El-Saadi, Mitchell C. Allen, Heath A. MacMillan

Thermal injury sets limits to ectotherm mobility and survival. These limits are frequently integrated into models describing or predicting climate suitability for species of interest. Cold stress severity, sex, and prior thermal acclimation status can all influence lower thermal limits. There is a growing understanding of how chilling injuries initially manifest, but despite reports of latent injury or repair that may happen after rewarming, we poorly understand these phenomena. We exposed male and female Drosophila melanogaster to an acute or chronic cold stress before assessing their mobility over a 24 h period. Females progressively worsened under both conditions, but male mobility neither worsened nor improved. Female mobility declined slower in flies recovering at cooler temperatures, and cold acclimation significantly mitigated latent injury in females following the same degree of initial injury, regardless of recovery temperature. We conclude that latent chilling injury can be sex-specific, occurs independently from mechanisms driving tissue damage in the cold, is temperature-dependent, and is mitigated by prior thermal acclimation. We argue that latent chilling injury and the factors that influence it should be more carefully considered in estimating tolerance limits.

热容极限与昆虫分布密切相关。热损伤设定了去除压力后的活动性或生存的限制，这些限制经常被整合到描述或预测感兴趣物种的气候适应性的模型中。冷应激的严重程度、性别和先前的热适应状态都可以影响下热极限。人们对寒伤最初是如何表现的了解越来越多，但尽管有报道称在重新升温后可能发生潜在的损伤或修复，但我们对这些现象知之甚少。我们将雄性和雌性黑腹果蝇暴露在急性或慢性冷应激下，然后在24 h的时间内评估它们的活动能力。在这两种情况下，女性的活动能力逐渐恶化，而男性的活动能力既没有恶化也没有改善。在较低温度下恢复的雌性果蝇流动性下降较慢，并且在相同程度的初始伤害后，无论恢复温度如何，冷驯化显著减轻了雌性的潜在伤害。我们得出的结论是，潜在的冷伤可能是性别特异性的，独立于寒冷中驱动组织损伤的机制，与温度有关，并且可以通过事先的热驯化来减轻。我们认为，在估计容限时应更仔细地考虑潜在冷害及其影响因素。

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引用次数: 0

Insect gut-dwelling fungus Zancudomyces culisetae: A hidden player in mosquito development 寄生于昆虫内脏的真菌：蚊子发育过程中一个隐藏的角色

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104842

Paige Van Rooy , Chiung Joyce Wu , Catherine Liu , Yan Wang

Mosquitoes and their gut-dwelling fungi have been documented worldwide, yet their relationships remain poorly understood. Harpellales fungi (Kickxellomycotina, Zoopagomycota) have traditionally been considered commensals, but recent studies suggest they may exhibit parasitic or mutualistic characteristics under certain conditions. In this study, we explored these interactions using two well-established laboratory models: Aedes aegypti and Zancudomyces culisetae. Specifically, we investigated the impact of the gut-dwelling fungus Z. culisetae on A. aegypti larval development by measuring body size and development time under different nutritional conditions, with or without the fungus in the hindgut. Significant differences in body size and development time were observed during larval development in the presence of the gut fungus compared to the control group. Larvae colonized by the fungus exhibited larger body sizes and accelerated development. These effects were consistent under both nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient conditions, underscoring the symbiotic roles of the gut-dwelling fungus. Interestingly, our results also revealed that even dead fungal spores enhanced mosquito larval development, suggesting previously unrecognized beneficial mechanisms associated with the fungal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy provided additional evidence of mosquito-fungus interactions, showing electron-dense particles within mosquito cells at sites of close contact with fungal cells, although further investigation is required to confirm their identity. Collectively, our findings challenge the traditional view of insect relationships with gut-dwelling fungi, providing evidence for a potential shift from commensalism to mutualism.

蚊子和它们的肠道真菌在世界范围内都有记载，但它们之间的关系仍然知之甚少。Harpellales真菌（Kickxellomycotina, Zoopagomycota）传统上被认为是共生的，但最近的研究表明，它们可能在某些条件下表现出寄生或共生的特征。在这项研究中，我们使用两个完善的实验室模型：埃及伊蚊和culisetae赞库菌来探索这些相互作用。具体而言，我们通过测量不同营养条件下（后肠有无真菌）的体型和发育时间，研究了肠道真菌对埃及伊蚊幼虫发育的影响。与对照组相比，在肠道真菌存在下的幼虫发育过程中，观察到体型和发育时间的显著差异。被真菌定殖的幼虫体型较大，发育加快。这些影响在营养丰富和营养缺乏的条件下都是一致的，强调了肠道真菌的共生作用。有趣的是，我们的研究结果还表明，即使是死亡的真菌孢子也能促进蚊子幼虫的发育，这表明了以前未被认识到的与真菌组织相关的有益机制。透射电子显微镜提供了蚊子-真菌相互作用的额外证据，在与真菌细胞密切接触的地方显示蚊子细胞内的电子密集颗粒，尽管需要进一步调查以确认其身份。总的来说，我们的发现挑战了昆虫与肠道真菌关系的传统观点，为从共生到互惠的潜在转变提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Biological fitness of an oligophagous herbivore Chrysomela populi on two different poplars 两种不同杨树上寡食草食性金柳的生物适应性。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104841

Yujia Cheng , Ziqi Qu , Sufang Zhang , Fu Liu , Xiangbo Kong , Tingbo Jiang , Jiaxing Fang

Elucidating the mechanism by which oligophagous herbivores adapt to host plants is crucial in determining the co-evolution and interactions between insects and plants. Throughout a co-evolutionary process, the oligophagous herbivore Chrysomela populi L. relied on Populus trees to develop and form specialized larval glandular chemical defenses. However, the current understanding of the growth, development, and chemical defense of C. populi on different Populus trees remains insufficient. Here, the effects of Populus canadensis and Populus tomentosa on the development and chemical defense of C. populi were examined. The larvae develop well on P. canadensis achieving higher pupation and improved survival. In contrast, they only survive up to 2nd instar after feeding on P. tomentosa. Meanwhile, the synthetic salicylaldehyde content in C. populi larvae after feeding on P. canadensis leaves was higher than after feeding on P. tomentosa. Finally, transcriptome sequencing found insufficient synthesis but excessive metabolism of trehalose in C. populi larvae after feeding on P. tomentosa. After analyzing the genes involved in salicylaldehyde synthesis in the larvae, the CpMRP gene was upregulated when C. populi fed on P. tomentosa, while the β-glucosidase and salicyl alcohol oxidase (SAO) were not upregulated. The results preliminarily revealed the divergent response and possible molecular basis underlying the biological fitness and chemical defense of C. populi to different poplars varieties and also provided a multidimensional perspective to understand the interaction between Chrysomela leaf beetles and salicin-containing plants.

阐明寡食食草动物适应寄主植物的机制对于确定昆虫与植物的共同进化和相互作用至关重要。在一个共同进化的过程中，寡食食草动物金柳（Chrysomela populi L.）依靠杨树发育和形成专门的幼虫腺体化学防御。然而，目前对不同杨树上杨木的生长发育和化学防御的认识还不够充分。本文研究了加拿大杨和毛白杨对白杨生长发育和化学防御的影响。幼虫发育良好，化蛹率高，存活率高。相比之下，它们在以毛毛虫为食后只能存活到2龄。同时，取食加拿大白杨叶片后的白杨幼虫合成水杨醛含量高于取食毛毛白杨的白杨幼虫。最后，转录组测序发现，取食毛毛假单胞菌后，白杨C. populi幼虫海藻糖合成不足，代谢过度。通过对水杨醛合成相关基因的分析发现，CpMRP基因在黄颡鱼幼虫中表达上调，而β-葡萄糖苷酶和水杨醇氧化酶（SAO）则未表达上调。研究结果初步揭示了白杨白杨对不同杨树品种的不同反应及其可能的分子基础，并为了解金柳叶甲虫与含水杨植物的相互作用提供了多维视角。

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引用次数: 0

How much nectar can wild bees carry? Allometric equations of nectar crop capacities for investigating bee nutrition and foraging ecology 野蜂能携带多少花蜜？研究蜜蜂营养和觅食生态的花蜜作物能力异速生长方程。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104840

Sarah Bourdon , Léo Mouillard-Lample , Taïna Lemoine , Maxime Lewin , Laurent Guilbaud , Léna Barascou , Bertrand Schatz , Mickaël Henry

The decline in bee populations is influenced by the scarcity of floral resources, mainly nectar and pollen, resulting from the loss of natural habitats and climate change. In this context, it is essential to understand the foraging success and nutritional status of wild bees, particularly as research on honeybees has overshadowed that of wild species. This study aims to establish allometric functions for the nectar crop capacities of wild bees, which may be used as predictive tools in research related to bee nutrition and foraging ecology. Allometric scaling models, which typically relate body size to morphological or ecological traits, are proposed as a method of estimating crop capacity in wild bees. The crop load was measured in 2358 free-ranging foragers of different sizes (body length 5–29 mm) belonging to 25 different genera, in southern France. Overall, we established consistent allometric functions for predicting crop load capacities from the body length of wild bees, with a satisfactory degree of confidence. Sex is an important determinant of crop capacity, with females carrying maximal nectar loads around three times greater than males of similar size. We also found evidence that taxonomic affiliation influences allometric properties of crop capacities. Further studies are however needed to refine the predictions by taxonomic group, and in particular for the eusocial bumblebees. Field validation involving complementary data on floral nectar availability indicated that an allometric framework can be used to address research questions related to foraging success and competition for nectar in large wild bees (body length similar or greater than that of honeybees). Future studies should aim at refining the taxonomic resolution of allometric functions to family or genus level, which would provide a better understanding of the ecological particularities of certain groups of bees, such as eusocial species whose foragers store nectar for the entire colony or, conversely, cleptoparasitic (cuckoo) female bees that do not supply their broods.

蜜蜂种群的减少受到自然栖息地丧失和气候变化导致的花卉资源（主要是花蜜和花粉）稀缺的影响。在这种情况下，了解野生蜜蜂的觅食成功和营养状况是至关重要的，特别是在对蜜蜂的研究已经超过了对野生物种的研究的情况下。本研究旨在建立野生蜜蜂采蜜能力的异速生长函数，为蜜蜂营养和觅食生态学研究提供预测工具。异速缩放模型通常将体型与形态或生态性状联系起来，被提出作为估计野生蜜蜂作物能力的方法。对法国南部25个不同属的2358只不同体型（体长5-29 mm）的自由放养觅食蜂进行了作物负荷测量。总的来说，我们建立了一致的异速生长函数来预测野生蜜蜂的体长对作物的负荷能力，具有令人满意的置信度。性别是作物产量的重要决定因素，雌性携带的最大花蜜量大约是同等大小雄性的三倍。我们还发现了分类亲缘关系影响作物产量异速性状的证据。然而，需要进一步的研究来完善分类群体的预测，特别是对社会性大黄蜂的预测。涉及花蜜可用性补充数据的实地验证表明，异速生长框架可用于解决与大型野生蜜蜂（体长与蜜蜂相似或大于蜜蜂）觅食成功和花蜜竞争相关的研究问题。未来的研究应该致力于将异速生长功能的分类分辨率提高到科或属的水平，这将有助于更好地理解某些蜜蜂群体的生态特性，例如，觅食者为整个群体储存花蜜的社会性物种，或者相反，不提供后代的寄生性（杜鹃）雌性蜜蜂。

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