Journal of insect physiology最新文献_第4页

The transcription factor E93 modulates Mmp1 expression to regulate testicular fusion during the prepupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera 转录因子E93通过调控Mmp1的表达调控棉铃虫蛹前期睾丸融合。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104924

Kai Wang , Mengdan Zhang , Ping Zheng, Guiying Xie, Wenbo Chen, Xincheng Zhao

The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a major globally distributed agricultural pest. A notable aspect of its male gonad development is testicular fusion during the larval-pupal transition, though the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we determined that the critical period for testicular fusion occurs at the pre-pupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera. RNAi-mediated knockdown of HaE93 in last-instar larvae disrupted this process. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that HaE93 knockdown disrupts juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling and significantly alters the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components, remodeling enzymes, cadherins, and integrins. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression peaks of matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) in testes coincided with the period of testicular fusion, with HaMmp1 being particularly highly expressed in the testicular sheath. Furthermore, knockdown of HaMmp1 recapitulated the testicular fusion failure phenotype. Mating trials and egg hatchability assays demonstrated that dsHaMmp1-treated males had significantly reduced mating success and offspring survival. The observed significant downregulation of spermatogenesis-related genes in these males suggests that complete testicular fusion is crucial for male reproduction. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HaE93 regulates testicular fusion by modulating HaMmp1 expression, thus identifying HaMmp1 as a potential target for genetic pest management strategies aimed at inducing male sterility.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）是全球主要的农业害虫。其雄性性腺发育的一个显著方面是在幼虫-蛹转变过程中的睾丸融合，尽管其潜在的调节机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们确定了棉铃虫睾丸融合的关键时期发生在蛹前阶段。rnai介导的HaE93在末龄幼虫中的敲低破坏了这一过程。比较转录组学分析显示，HaE93基因敲低可破坏幼代激素（JH）和20-羟基脱皮激素（20E）信号，并显著改变编码细胞外基质（ECM）成分、重塑酶、钙粘蛋白和整合素的基因表达。RT-qPCR分析显示，基质金属蛋白酶（Mmps）在睾丸中的表达高峰与睾丸融合期一致，其中HaMmp1在睾丸鞘中的表达尤其高。此外，HaMmp1的敲低重现了睾丸融合失败表型。交配试验和卵孵化试验表明，dshammp1处理的雄性交配成功率和后代存活率显著降低。在这些雄性中观察到的精子发生相关基因的显著下调表明，完全的睾丸融合对雄性生殖至关重要。总之，我们的研究结果表明，HaE93通过调节HaMmp1的表达来调节睾丸融合，从而确定HaMmp1是旨在诱导雄性不育的遗传害虫管理策略的潜在靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of differential efficiency in expression of sericin 3 and silk fibroin heavy chain-like protein in the posterior silk gland of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) 家蚕后丝腺中丝胶蛋白3和丝素蛋白重链样蛋白表达效率差异的机制

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104926

Yongfeng Wang , Yuguo Wang , Qiuying Li , Ruji Peng , Xinyin Liang , Xuedong Chen , Guang Wang , Yanghu Sima , Shiqing Xu

The silk gland of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) holds tremendous application prospects as a bioreactor. However, expressing exogenous proteins in the silk gland faces bottlenecks, especially aberrant silk gland development and low efficiency in silk protein synthesis and secretion. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the differential outcomes of genic engineering to promote protein synthesis of posterior silk gland (PSG)-specific transgenic expression of Sericin 3 (Ser3) and the silk fibroin heavy chain-like protein HPL gene (Hpl), which influence silk gland development and silk synthesis and secretion. The results demonstrated that PSG-specific expression of the Hpl gene reduced silk protein synthesis and secretion by inhibiting endoreplication. Concurrently, activation of the Hippo signaling pathway and elevated autophagy/apoptosis in the PSG resulted in imbalanced cell development across the gland, ultimately leading to structural collapse. In contrast, PSG-specific expression of the Ser3 gene did not activate the Hippo pathway, nor increase autophagy or apoptosis. Furthermore, enhanced endoreplication not only maintained normal tissue morphology but also significantly improved silk protein synthesis and secretion as compared to the wild-type group. These findings clarified the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in silkworm silk gland development and provided insights to improve silk gland development in transgenic silkworms and optimized PSG-specific transgene targeting strategies.

家蚕（Bombyx mori）的蚕丝腺作为生物反应器具有巨大的应用前景。然而，外源蛋白在蚕丝腺中的表达面临瓶颈，特别是蚕丝腺发育异常，蚕丝蛋白合成和分泌效率低。本研究旨在探讨基因工程促进后丝腺（PSG）蛋白合成差异结果的机制——丝胶蛋白3 （Ser3）和丝素蛋白重链样蛋白HPL基因（HPL）的特异性转基因表达，影响丝腺发育和丝的合成和分泌。结果表明，psg特异性表达Hpl基因通过抑制内复制来减少丝蛋白的合成和分泌。同时，Hippo信号通路的激活和PSG中自噬/凋亡的升高导致整个腺体的细胞发育不平衡，最终导致结构崩溃。相比之下，psg特异性表达Ser3基因不会激活Hippo通路，也不会增加自噬或凋亡。此外，与野生型组相比，增强的内复制不仅维持了正常的组织形态，而且显著提高了丝蛋白的合成和分泌。这些发现阐明了Hippo信号通路在家蚕蚕丝腺发育中的作用，为改善转基因家蚕蚕丝腺发育和优化psg特异性转基因靶向策略提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Cost of producing diapause eggs in two mirids, Trigonotylus caelestialium and Adelphocoris triannulatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) 半翅目：三角蝽和三角蝽滞育产卵的成本。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104915

Yoshinori Shintani, Ryohei Miyahara, Jun-ya Tajima

Diapause, which is defined as a programmed cessation of development, is considered a survival strategy in adverse seasons. However, the physiological and behavioural changes associated with diapause reduce the fitness of insects because they require greater metabolic investment and time. In many insects, diapause is induced primarily by photoperiod and temperature in a facultative manner. Furthermore, the occurrence of facultative diapause in some insects is often determined by the conditions experienced by the mother. Two species of multivoltine mirids, Trigonotylus caelestialium and Adelphocoris triannulatus (Hemiptera: Miridae), exhibit embryonic diapause induced by such a maternal effect. In this study, we evaluated the cost of diapause egg production in these two species by comparing life history traits associated with diapause and non-diapause egg production under short-day and long-day conditions, respectively. The results showed that the pre-oviposition period for adult females was significantly longer under short-day conditions for both species. Significant differences were also observed in the number of eggs laid by the two species, with approximately 30% fewer eggs being laid under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. This implies that producing diapause eggs to ensure long-term survival incurs costs, resulting in delayed egg-laying or reduced numbers of eggs. This study is the first to focus on the costs of diapause egg production in insects.

滞育，被定义为一种程序性的发育停止，被认为是在不利季节的生存策略。然而，与滞育相关的生理和行为变化降低了昆虫的适应性，因为它们需要更多的代谢投入和时间。在许多昆虫中，滞育主要是由光周期和温度以兼性方式诱导的。此外，在某些昆虫中，兼性滞育的发生往往取决于母亲所经历的条件。两种多伏特的三角蝽（Trigonotylus caelestialium）和三角蝽（Adelphocoris triannulatus）（半翅目：三角蝽科）表现出由这种母体效应引起的胚胎滞育。在本研究中，我们通过比较短日和长日条件下与滞育和非滞育产蛋相关的生活史性状，分别评估了这两种物种的滞育产蛋成本。结果表明，短日照条件下，两种成虫的产卵前期均明显延长。在产卵数量上也观察到两种物种的显著差异，在短日照条件下产卵的数量比在长日照条件下产卵的数量少约30%。这意味着生产滞育卵以确保长期生存需要成本，导致产卵延迟或卵数减少。这项研究首次关注了昆虫滞育产卵的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Pigment-dispersing factor is not essential for eclosion rhythm and inducing the photoperiodic diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori 色素分散因子在家蚕的羽化节律和诱导光周期滞育中不是必需的。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104914

Hisashi Tobita , Takashi Kiuchi

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) functions as a key circadian clock output that regulates circadian rhythmicity at physiological and behavioral levels in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Similarly, the involvement of PDF in circadian behavioral rhythmicity and photoperiodism has been demonstrated across a wide range of insect orders. However, in Lepidoptera, the second largest insect order, the function of PDF remains poorly elucidated. The silkworm Bombyx mori, which exhibits clear circadian rhythmicity and photoperiodism, represents a suitable model for exploring the role of PDF in lepidopterans. Herein, we investigated whether PDF acts as a circadian clock output regulating circadian behavior and photoperiodic diapause induction in B. mori. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we introduced a frameshift mutation into pdf in a bivoltine strain. The mutated allele was predicted to encode a protein lacking the mature PDF region due to a premature stop codon. However, the pdf mutant retained the circadian eclosion rhythm and the ability to induce diapause in response to photoperiodic conditions during the larval stage. Comparative analysis of PDF sequences from multiple insect orders retrieved from the NCBI database revealed that lepidopteran PDF amino acid sequences are less conserved than those of other insect orders. These findings suggest that the PDF of lepidopterans has undergone divergent evolution, and at least in B. mori, it lost function in circadian clock-related output. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the function of PDF in Lepidoptera using reverse genetics.

神经肽色素分散因子（PDF）作为一个关键的生物钟输出，在果蝇生理和行为水平上调节昼夜节律。类似地，PDF参与昼夜行为节律和光周期已经在广泛的昆虫目中得到证实。然而，在昆虫第二大目鳞翅目中，PDF的功能尚不清楚。家蚕具有明显的昼夜节律性和光周期性，为探讨PDF在鳞翅目动物中的作用提供了一个合适的模型。在此，我们研究了PDF是否作为生物钟输出调节家蚕的昼夜节律行为和光周期滞育诱导。利用CRISPR/ cas9介导的诱变技术，我们将一个移码突变引入到一个双伏菌株的pdf中。预计突变等位基因编码一个由于过早终止密码子而缺乏成熟PDF区域的蛋白质。然而，pdf突变体在幼虫期对光周期条件的响应中保留了昼夜羽化节律和诱导滞育的能力。对NCBI数据库中检索到的多个昆虫目的PDF序列进行比较分析，发现鳞翅目PDF氨基酸序列的保守性低于其他昆虫目。这些发现表明鳞翅目的PDF经历了不同的进化，至少在家蚕中，它失去了与生物钟相关的输出功能。据我们所知，这是首次利用反向遗传学研究鳞翅目PDF功能的研究。

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引用次数: 0

The hidden costs of regeneration in ladybird beetles 瓢虫再生的隐性成本。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104928

Sanjeev Kumar, Deeksha Jattan, Tripti Yadav, Geetanjali Mishra, Omkar

Insects exhibit complex physiological responses to injury, including wound healing, immune activation, and tissue regeneration, all of which impose energetic costs. Regeneration, though adaptive for survival, incurs significant physiological costs, particularly to developmental and reproductive fitness. This study investigates the developmental and reproductive trade-offs associated with limb regeneration in the ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius). Third-instar larvae were subjected to leg amputation and observed through pupation to adulthood. Regenerated individuals were compared with controls across multiple traits including body weight, developmental duration, leg length, gonadal morphology, gonadosomatic index, and reproductive output. Injured larvae showed delayed development and reduced adult body mass. Although 100% leg regeneration occurred, both regenerated and contralateral legs were shorter than those of controls, suggesting systemic growth constraints. Injured individuals exhibited lower gonad weight, reduced GSI, and diminished gonadal size, with shorter and fewer testicular lobules/ovarioles. These effects were observed throughout early adulthood and varied with both sex and age, accompanied by reduced mating success and reproductive output. The observed trade-offs indicate a resource allocation shift prioritizing somatic maintenance over reproduction during regeneration.

Reduced reproductive investment under injury stress highlights the need to consider internal anatomical and developmental consequences, not just external morphology, when evaluating regeneration. These findings clarify how injury-driven resource allocation shapes life-history traits and emphasize the importance of accounting for sublethal injury and environmental stress when assessing natural enemies in biological control programs.

昆虫对损伤表现出复杂的生理反应，包括伤口愈合、免疫激活和组织再生，所有这些都需要消耗能量。再生虽然是为了适应生存，但也需要付出巨大的生理代价，尤其是在发育和生殖健康方面。本研究探讨了瓢虫Cheilomenes sexmaculata （Fabricius）与肢体再生相关的发育和生殖权衡。对三龄幼虫进行断腿观察，化蛹至成虫。将再生个体与对照组在体重、发育持续时间、腿长、性腺形态、性腺指数和生殖产量等多个性状上进行比较。受伤幼虫发育迟缓，成虫体重减少。虽然发生了100%的腿部再生，但再生的腿和对侧腿都比对照组短，表明全身生长受限。受伤个体表现出性腺重量降低，GSI降低，性腺大小减小，睾丸小叶/卵巢变短和减少。这些影响在整个成年早期都可以观察到，并且随着性别和年龄的变化而变化，伴随着交配成功率和生殖产出的降低。观察到的权衡表明，在再生过程中，资源分配的转移优先考虑了体细胞维护而不是生殖。损伤应激下生殖投资的减少强调了在评估再生时需要考虑内部解剖和发育后果，而不仅仅是外部形态学。这些发现阐明了伤害驱动的资源分配如何塑造生活史特征，并强调了在生物控制计划中评估天敌时考虑亚致死伤害和环境压力的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-function trehalose transporters link metabolic adaptation to diapause plasticity and fecundity in Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) 双功能海藻糖转运体将树突赤眼蜂（膜翅目：赤眼蜂科）滞育可塑性和繁殖力的代谢适应联系起来。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104923

Xue Zhang , Xiaoyang Song , Meixin Zheng , Jiaqing Guo , Yanan Fan , Jianbo Huang , Qianyu Zhang , Junjie Zhang , Changchun Ruan

Trehalose transporters (Trets) play a pivotal role in mediating metabolic adaptation in insects by regulating trehalose distribution across tissues. However, their functional differentiation and contribution to key life-history traits such as diapause and reproduction remain poorly understood in parasitoid wasps. In this study, we investigated two trehalose transporter genes, Tret1 and Tret1-2, in the parasitic wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi, an important biological control agent. Using stage-specific RNA interference, we demonstrated that knockdown of either gene significantly impaired diapause induction and delayed larval–prepupal transition, accompanied by downregulation of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose content. Moreover, Tret1 silencing broadly suppressed the expression of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase and ecdysone receptor (EcR), whereas Tret1-2 knockdown specifically reduced EcR transcript levels. Intriguingly, only adult-stage silencing of Tret1-2 severely compromised female fecundity, reducing both ovarian egg load and total number of parasitized eggs, and led to disrupted ovarian morphology and downregulation of vitellogenin receptor (VgR). These results reveal that Tret1 and Tret1-2 have evolved specialized, stage-specific functions: Tret1 primarily supports larval development and diapause preparation, while Tret1-2 is essential for adult reproductive performance, likely through regulating VgR-mediated oogenesis. Our findings provide novel insights into the functional divergence of trehalose transporters in linking metabolic reprogramming to diapause plasticity and fecundity in a parasitoid wasp, with implications for improving its mass rearing and field application in biological control programs.

海藻糖转运体（Trets）通过调节海藻糖在组织中的分布，在昆虫代谢适应中起着关键作用。然而，它们的功能分化和对关键生活史特征的贡献，如滞育和繁殖，在寄生蜂中仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了两种海藻糖转运蛋白Tret1和Tret1-2基因在树突赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi）中的表达。通过阶段特异性RNA干扰，研究人员发现，敲低任一基因都会显著损害滞育诱导和延迟幼虫到蛹前的转变，并伴有海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶和海藻糖含量的下调。此外，Tret1沉默广泛抑制幼年激素环氧化物水解酶和蜕皮激素受体（EcR）的表达，而Tret1-2敲低特异性降低EcR转录水平。有趣的是，只有在成年期沉默Tret1-2才会严重损害雌性的繁殖力，降低卵巢卵负荷和寄生卵总数，导致卵巢形态破坏和卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）下调。这些结果表明Tret1和Tret1-2已经进化出了专门的、阶段特异性的功能：Tret1主要支持幼虫发育和滞育准备，而Tret1-2则对成虫的生殖性能至关重要，可能通过调节vgr介导的卵发生。我们的研究结果为寄生蜂代谢重编程与滞育可塑性和繁殖力之间海藻糖转运体的功能差异提供了新的见解，对改善寄生蜂的大规模饲养和在生物防治计划中的野外应用具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of diapause duration on thermal tolerance in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi Baly 滞育期对大白菜甲虫耐热性的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104912

Yan Ni , Ying-Fang Li , Fang-Sen Xue , Li-Li Huang , Hai-Min He

Insect diapause duration has a profound impact on post-diapause fitness and physiological performance. This study explores how diapause duration (ranging from 0.5 to 2 years) affects heat tolerance in both adult cabbage beetles, Colaphellus bowringi Baly, and their offspring. The investigation integrates survival assays, LT₅₀ analysis, and respiratory metabolism. Results indicate that shorter diapause durations significantly enhance heat tolerance in adult beetles, demonstrating a clear negative correlation between diapause duration and thermal resilience. Specifically, adult beetles undergoing 0.5 years of diapause exhibited an LT₅₀ of 36.79 °C, whereas those with 2 years of diapause showed an LT₅₀ of 29.58 °C. However, no significant differences in thermal tolerance were observed among offspring across all tested life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults), regardless of parental diapause duration. Larval respiratory responses to acute heat stress displayed a consistent thermal performance curve peaking at 39 °C and declining sharply at higher temperatures. These findings highlight a trade-off between diapause duration and heat tolerance, suggesting a potential role for metabolic costs and stress defense mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of diapause duration in shaping thermal tolerance and suggest complex interactions between dormancy and stress resilience. Future research should aim to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved and examine the broader ecological implications of diapause duration on population dynamics under changing climatic conditions.

昆虫滞育持续时间对滞育后的适合度和生理性能有着深远的影响。本研究探讨了滞育时间（0.5 ~ 2 年）对成年卷心菜甲虫colaphelus bowringi Baly及其后代耐热性的影响。该研究整合了生存测定、LT50分析和呼吸代谢。结果表明，较短的滞育时间显著增强了成虫的耐热性，表明滞育时间与热恢复力之间存在明显的负相关关系。其中，滞育0.5 年的成虫LT50为36.79℃，滞育2 年的成虫LT50为29.58℃。然而，在所有被测试的生命阶段（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）中，无论亲代滞育持续时间如何，后代的耐热性都没有显著差异。急性热应激下幼虫的呼吸反应表现出一致的热性能曲线，在39℃时达到峰值，在更高温度下急剧下降。这些发现强调了滞育持续时间和耐热性之间的权衡，表明代谢成本和胁迫防御机制的潜在作用。这些发现强调了滞育持续时间在形成耐热性中的重要性，并表明休眠和应激恢复之间存在复杂的相互作用。未来的研究应旨在揭示所涉及的分子机制，并研究在变化的气候条件下滞育时间对种群动态的更广泛的生态影响。

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引用次数: 0

Body alignment enhances foraging performance of honey bees in the absence of visual cues 在没有视觉提示的情况下，身体对齐可以提高蜜蜂的觅食性能。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104909

Weijie Yuan , Jiangkun Wei , Junkai Lian , Caiying Liao , Matthew S. Lehnert , Stanislav N. Gorb , Zhigang Wu , Jianing Wu

Nectar sources are often confined to limited amounts of liquid in the microgrooves of floral nectaries. We show that in complete darkness, bees actively tapped their antennae to detect these microgrooves, and then rapidly aligned their body axis with these structures. Mechanical measurements confirm that aligning the body with the microgrooves at θ = 0 deg. reduces the external force on the proboscis during nectar feeding. Energy calculations demonstrate that feeding with an aligned body reduces foraging costs by 53.41 % compared to feeding with a vertical body at θ = 90 deg. By demonstrating the bee’s capacity for sensory-behavioral integration and adaptation in absence of visual cues, this body alignment response, which also mitigates potential proboscis damage, provides new insights into their energy-saving strategies.

花蜜来源通常局限于花蜜微槽中有限数量的液体。我们发现，在完全黑暗的环境下，蜜蜂会主动轻拍它们的触角来探测这些微凹槽，然后迅速将它们的身体轴线与这些结构对齐。机械测量证实，将身体与微凹槽在θ = 0度的位置对齐，可以减少吸食花蜜时对喙部的外力。能量计算表明，在θ = 90 °时，与垂直体相比，直线体觅食可减少53.41 %的觅食成本。通过展示蜜蜂在没有视觉提示的情况下的感觉-行为整合和适应能力，这种身体对齐反应也减轻了潜在的喙部损伤，为它们的节能策略提供了新的见解。

引用次数: 0

Chromosomal influence on variation in the timing of diapause termination in Cydia pomonella 染色体对波蒙草滞育终止时间变异的影响。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104904

Christian Oehlmann , Peter Neulichedl , David G. Heckel , Jörg T. Wennmann , Roland Zelger , Johannes A. Jehle , Katrin Janik

Diapause is a period of suspended development at a specific period of the life cycle, in order to avoid times that are unfavourable for activity. In the codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella, an overwintering diapause occurs in the fifth larval instar, and termination of diapause in the spring is indicated by ecdysis and pupation. There is geographic variation as well as large within-population variation (up to 90 days) in the timing of diapause termination in this species. Accompanied by 15 years of observing diapause termination of a CM field population, an artificial selection for early and late diapause termination resulted in two inbred strains, ES (Early strain) and LS (Late strain) which differ in pupation timing after diapause by nearly 90 days. We have initiated a genetic study utilizing most of the possible intercrosses and backcrosses of these two strains and analysed the possible contributions of the autosomes (A) and the sex chromosomes (Z, W) by considering their relative effects on diapause termination time. A large effect of the Z chromosome can be detected because of its unique sex-associated inheritance pattern. Deviations from Z-based predictions can be detected in crosses where ES- and LS-derived autosomes segregate independently from the Z chromosomes. However, not all predictions based on chromosomal inheritance alone are borne out by the data, suggesting involvement of maternal effects, epigenetics, epistasis, or genetic heterogeneity in one or both of the parent strains. These predictions are the basis of further studies to design a cost-effective approach to linkage mapping, to eventually identify the underlying genetic variation causing differences in diapause termination time.

滞育是在生命周期的特定时期暂停发育的一段时间，以避免不利于活动的时间。冷蛾（Cydia pomonella）的越冬滞育发生在幼虫的第5龄，并在春季通过蜕皮和化蛹来结束滞育。该物种的滞育终止时间不仅存在地理差异，还存在较大的种群内差异（可达90 天）。通过对CM田间种群15 年的滞育终止观察，通过人工选择早、晚滞育终止菌株，发现早、晚两种自交系ES和LS滞育后化蛹时间相差近90 天。我们利用这两个菌株的大部分可能的互交和回交进行了遗传研究，并从常染色体(a)和性染色体（ZW）对滞育终止时间的相对影响出发，分析了它们可能的贡献。由于其独特的性别相关遗传模式，可以检测到Z染色体的巨大影响。在ES-和ls -衍生常染色体独立于Z染色体分离的杂交中，可以检测到基于Z的预测的偏差。然而，并非所有仅基于染色体遗传的预测都能得到数据的证实，这表明母体效应、表观遗传学、上位性或一个或两个亲本菌株的遗传异质性都涉及其中。这些预测是进一步研究的基础，旨在设计一种具有成本效益的连锁定位方法，最终确定导致滞育终止时间差异的潜在遗传变异。

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引用次数: 0

Precocene-I mediated reduction of juvenile hormone titers and ovarian activity is ephemeral in a bumble bee 在大黄蜂中，早熟i介导的幼激素滴度和卵巢活性的降低是短暂的。

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY

Journal of insect physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2025.104902

Tzvi S. Goldberg , Yuval Shalem , Daiki Fujinaga , Kerry E. Mauck , S.Hollis Woodard , Naoki Yamanaka , Guy Bloch

Juvenile hormones (JHs) are key insect endocrine signals regulating pre-adult development and adult life history strategies, physiology, and behavior. The importance of this endocrine signal has led to the development of insecticides targeting JH signaling pathways. While effective against target pests, they can also affect beneficial insects, such as pollinators and natural pest enemies, many of which are hymenopterans. Research on JH, which is crucial for understanding the physiology, behavior, and organization of social insects, requires effective means to manipulate JH signaling pathways. A common method for reducing JH titers includes applying the phytotoxin precocene-I (P-I), which abolishes JH biosynthesis in the corpora allata (CA). However, achieving consistently effective topical treatments has proven challenging. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the effect of P-I manipulations on JH titers and reproductive development in orphan worker groups of a key pollinator bumble bee. A single P-I treatment effectively reduced circulating JH levels in newly emerged workers, even after 12 days. The treatment delayed but did not prevent ovarian activation. Multiple treatments failed to further reduce JH titers or ovarian activity, and were overall less effective than surgically removing the CA. Finally, we suggest guidelines for developing P-I manipulation studies, and more generally, compare methods for reducing circulating JH levels in insects.

幼虫激素（JHs）是调节昆虫成虫前发育和成虫生活史策略、生理和行为的关键内分泌信号。这种内分泌信号的重要性导致了针对JH信号通路的杀虫剂的发展。虽然对目标害虫有效，但它们也可以影响有益的昆虫，如传粉昆虫和天敌，其中许多是膜翅目昆虫。对JH的研究对于理解群居昆虫的生理、行为和组织至关重要，需要有效的手段来操纵JH信号通路。降低JH滴度的一种常用方法包括使用植物毒素precocene-I (P-I)，该植物毒素可消除异形体（CA）中JH的生物合成。然而，实现持续有效的局部治疗已被证明具有挑战性。在这里，我们研究了P-I操作对关键传粉者大黄蜂孤儿工蜂群体JH滴度和生殖发育的动态影响。单次P-I治疗有效地降低了新出现工人的循环JH水平，即使在12 天后也是如此。治疗延迟但不能阻止卵巢激活。多种治疗均未能进一步降低JH滴度或卵巢活性，总体效果不如手术切除CA。最后，我们建议开展P-I操纵研究的指南，更一般地说，比较降低昆虫循环JH水平的方法。

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