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Size exclusion experiment in a grassland field unravels top–down control of the soil fauna on microbial community assembly 草地上的尺寸排除实验揭示了土壤动物群落对微生物群落组合的自上而下的控制。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14442
Mathilde Jeanbille, Sana Romdhane, Marie-Christine Breuil, David Bru, Stefan Geisen, Arnaud Mounier, Aymé Spor, Laurent Philippot

Highly diverse and abundant organisms coexist in soils. However, the contribution of biotic interactions between soil organisms to microbial community assembly remains to be explored. Here, we assess the extent to which soil fauna can shape microbial community assembly using an exclusion experiment in a grassland field to sort soil biota based on body size. After 1 year, the exclusion of larger fauna favoured phagotrophic protists, with increases up to 32% in their proportion compared to the no-mesh treatment. In contrast, members of the bacterial community and to a lesser extent of the fungal community were negatively impacted. Shifts in bacterial but not in fungal communities were best explained by the response of the protistan community to exclusion. Our findings provide empirical evidence of top–down control on the soil microbial communities and underline the importance of integrating higher trophic levels for a better understanding of the soil microbiome assembly.

高度多样化和丰富的生物共存于土壤中。然而,土壤生物之间的生物相互作用对微生物群落组合的贡献仍有待探索。在这里,我们通过在草地上进行排除实验,根据体型大小对土壤生物区系进行分类,从而评估土壤动物在多大程度上能够塑造微生物群落的组合。1 年后,排除大型动物有利于吞噬原生动物,与无网处理相比,吞噬原生动物的比例增加了 32%。相比之下,细菌群落的成员受到了负面影响,真菌群落受到的影响较小。细菌群落的变化而非真菌群落的变化最能解释原生动物群落对排斥的反应。我们的研究结果提供了自上而下控制土壤微生物群落的经验证据,并强调了整合更高的营养级对更好地了解土壤微生物组的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Suffering makes you weaker: Limited evolutionary adaptation in competitively inferior populations 苦难使人更弱:竞争劣势种群的有限进化适应。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14457
Nan Chen, Quan-Guo Zhang

Interspecific competition can hinder populations from evolutionarily adapting to abiotic environments, particularly by reducing population size and niche space; and feedback may arise between competitive ability and evolutionary adaptation. Here we studied populations of two model bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, that evolved in monocultures and cocultures for approximately 2400 generations at three temperatures. The two species showed a reversal in competitive dominance in cocultures along the temperature gradient. Populations from cocultures where they had been competitively dominant showed the same magnitude of fitness gain as those in monocultures. However, competitively inferior populations in cocultures showed limited abiotic adaptation compared with those in monocultures. The inferior populations in cocultures were also more likely to evolve weaker interspecific competitive ability, or go extinct. The possible competitive ability-adaptation feedback may have crucial consequences for population persistence.

种间竞争会阻碍种群在进化过程中适应非生物环境,尤其是通过缩小种群规模和生态位空间;竞争能力和进化适应之间可能会产生反馈。在这里,我们研究了大肠杆菌和荧光假单胞菌这两种模式细菌的种群,它们在三种温度下的单培养物和共培养物中进化了约 2400 代。这两种细菌在共培养物中的竞争优势沿着温度梯度发生了逆转。在竞争优势的共生环境中,它们的种群表现出与单种环境中种群相同的适应性增益。然而,与单一栽培中的种群相比,竞争劣势种群的非生物适应能力有限。共生中的劣势种群也更有可能进化出较弱的种间竞争能力,或灭绝。竞争能力-适应性反馈可能对种群的持久性产生至关重要的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Host specificity of plant-associated bacteria is negatively associated with genome size and host abundance along a latitudinal gradient 沿纬度梯度,植物相关细菌的宿主特异性与基因组大小和宿主丰度呈负相关。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14447
Zihui Wang, Geneviève Lajoie, Yuan Jiang, Minhua Zhang, Chengjin Chu, Yongfa Chen, Shuai Fang, Guangze Jin, Mingxi Jiang, Juyu Lian, Yanpeng Li, Yu Liu, Keping Ma, Xiangcheng Mi, Xiujuan Qiao, Xihua Wang, Xugao Wang, Han Xu, Wanhui Ye, Li Zhu, Yan Zhu, Fangliang He, Steven W. Kembel

Host specialization plays a critical role in the ecology and evolution of plant–microbe symbiosis. Theory predicts that host specialization is associated with microbial genome streamlining and is influenced by the abundance of host species, both of which can vary across latitudes, leading to a latitudinal gradient in host specificity. Here, we quantified the host specificity and composition of plant–bacteria symbioses on leaves across 329 tree species spanning a latitudinal gradient. Our analysis revealed a predominance of host-specialized leaf bacteria. The degree of host specificity was negatively correlated with bacterial genome size and the local abundance of host plants. Additionally, we found an increased host specificity at lower latitudes, aligning with the high prevalence of small bacterial genomes and rare host species in the tropics. These findings underscore the importance of genome streamlining and host abundance in the evolution of host specificity in plant-associated bacteria along the latitudinal gradient.

宿主特化在植物-微生物共生的生态学和进化中起着关键作用。理论预测,宿主专一性与微生物基因组精简有关,并受宿主物种丰度的影响,而这两者在不同纬度会有差异,从而导致宿主专一性的纬度梯度。在这里,我们对跨越纬度梯度的 329 个树种的叶片上植物-细菌共生的宿主特异性和组成进行了量化。我们的分析表明,寄主特化的叶片细菌占主导地位。寄主特异性程度与细菌基因组大小和寄主植物在当地的丰度呈负相关。此外,我们还发现低纬度地区的寄主特异性更高,这与热带地区细菌基因组较小和寄主物种稀少的情况一致。这些发现强调了基因组精简和宿主丰度在植物相关细菌宿主特异性沿纬度梯度进化过程中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal dynamics of Grime's CSR strategies in plant communities during 60 years of succession 在 60 年的演替过程中,Grime 的 CSR 策略在植物群落中的时间动态变化。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14446
Yan-song Zhang, Scott J. Meiners, Yani Meng, Qi Yao, Kun Guo, Wen-Yong Guo, Shao-peng Li

Grime's competitive, stress-tolerant, ruderal (CSR) theory predicts a shift in plant communities from ruderal to stress-tolerant strategies during secondary succession. However, this fundamental tenet lacks empirical validation using long-term continuous successional data. Utilizing a 60-year longitudinal data of old-field succession, we investigated the community-level dynamics of plant strategies over time. Our findings reveal that while plant communities generally transitioned from ruderal to stress-tolerant strategies during succession, initial abandonment conditions crucially shaped early successional strategies, leading to varied strategy trajectories across different fields. Furthermore, we found a notable divergence in the CSR strategies of alien and native species over succession. Initially, alien and native species exhibited similar ruderal strategies, but in later stages, alien species exhibited higher ruderal and lower stress tolerance compared to native species. Overall, our findings underscore the applicability of Grime's predictions regarding temporal shifts in CSR strategies depending on both initial community conditions and species origin.

格里姆的竞争、抗压、原生(CSR)理论预测,在次生演替过程中,植物群落会从原生策略向抗压策略转变。然而,这一基本原理缺乏长期连续演替数据的经验验证。利用 60 年的老田演替纵向数据,我们研究了植物群落策略随时间的动态变化。我们的研究结果表明,虽然植物群落在演替过程中一般会从原生策略过渡到抗逆策略,但最初的废弃条件对早期演替策略起着至关重要的作用,导致不同田块的策略轨迹各不相同。此外,我们发现在演替过程中,外来物种和本地物种的CSR策略存在明显差异。最初,外来物种和本地物种表现出相似的粗放策略,但在后期阶段,外来物种与本地物种相比表现出更高的粗放性和更低的抗逆性。总之,我们的发现强调了格里姆的预测的适用性,即 CSR 策略的时间变化取决于初始群落条件和物种起源。
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引用次数: 0
The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores 2000万年来捕食者-猎物网络的重组解释了哺乳类食肉动物的灭绝模式。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14448
João C. S. Nascimento, Fernando Blanco, M. Soledad Domingo, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Mathias M. Pires

Linking the species interactions occurring at the scale of local communities to their potential impact at evolutionary timescales is challenging. Here, we used the high-resolution fossil record of mammals from the Iberian Peninsula to reconstruct a timeseries of trophic networks spanning more than 20 million years and asked whether predator–prey interactions affected regional extinction patterns. We found that, despite small changes in species richness, trophic networks showed long-term trends, gradually losing interactions and becoming sparser towards the present. This restructuring of the ecological networks was driven by the loss of medium-sized herbivores, which reduced prey availability for predators. The decrease in prey availability was associated with predator longevity, such that predators with less available prey had greater extinction risk. These results not only reveal long-term trends in network structure but suggest that prey species richness in ecological communities may shape large scale patterns of extinction and persistence among predators.

将发生在当地群落尺度上的物种相互作用与其在进化时间尺度上的潜在影响联系起来是一项挑战。在这里,我们利用伊比利亚半岛哺乳动物的高分辨率化石记录,重建了跨越两千多万年的营养网络时间序列,并探讨了捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用是否会影响区域灭绝模式。我们发现,尽管物种丰富度变化不大,但营养网络却呈现出长期趋势,逐渐失去了相互作用,变得越来越稀疏。中型食草动物的消失减少了捕食者的猎物供应量,从而推动了生态网络的重组。猎物可用性的降低与捕食者的寿命有关,因此猎物可用性降低的捕食者面临更大的灭绝风险。这些结果不仅揭示了网络结构的长期趋势,而且表明生态群落中猎物物种的丰富程度可能会影响捕食者的大规模灭绝和持续模式。
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引用次数: 0
Caloric restriction extends lifespan in a clonal plant 限制热量可延长克隆植物的寿命
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14444
Suzanne L. Chmilar, Amanda C. Luzardo, Priyanka Dutt, Abbe Pawluk, Victoria C. Thwaites, Robert A. Laird

When subjected to dietary caloric restriction (CR), individual animals often outlive well-fed conspecifics. Here, we address whether CR also extends lifespan in plants. Whereas caloric intake in animals comes from ingestion, in plants it derives from photosynthesis. Thus, factors that reduce photosynthesis, such as reduced light intensity, can induce CR. In two lab experiments investigating the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor, we tracked hundreds of individuals longitudinally, with light intensity—and hence, CR—manipulated using neutral-density filters. In both experiments, CR dramatically increased lifespan through a process of temporal scaling. Moreover, the magnitude of lifespan extension accorded with the assumptions that (a) light intensity positively relates to photosynthesis following Michaelis–Menten kinetics, and (b) photosynthesis negatively relates to lifespan via a power law. Our results emphasize that CR-mediated lifespan extension applies to autotrophs as well as heterotrophs, and suggest that variation in light intensity has quantitatively predictable effects on plant aging trajectories.

当受到饮食热量限制(CR)时,动物个体的寿命往往会超过吃得好的同种动物。在这里,我们将探讨食物热量限制是否也能延长植物的寿命。动物的热量摄入来自摄取,而植物的热量摄入则来自光合作用。因此,减少光合作用的因素(如降低光照强度)会诱发 "逆境生长"。在研究水生大型藻类 Lemna minor 的两个实验室实验中,我们纵向追踪了数百个个体,利用中性密度滤光片调节光照强度,从而调节 CR。在这两项实验中,CR 通过时间缩放过程显著延长了寿命。此外,寿命延长的幅度符合以下假设:(a) 光照强度与光合作用呈正相关,遵循迈克尔-门顿动力学;(b) 光合作用与寿命呈负相关,遵循幂律。我们的研究结果强调,CR 介导的寿命延长既适用于自养生物,也适用于异养生物,并表明光照强度的变化对植物衰老轨迹具有可预测的定量影响。
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引用次数: 0
A new approach to geostatistical synthesis of historical records reveals capuchin spatial responses to climate and demographic change 对历史记录进行地理统计综合的新方法揭示了卷尾猴对气候和人口变化的空间反应。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14443
Odd T. Jacobson, Brendan J. Barrett, Susan E. Perry, Genevieve E. Finerty, Kate M. Tiedeman, Margaret C. Crofoot

Recent proliferation of GPS technology has transformed animal movement research. Yet, time-series data from this recent technology rarely span beyond a decade, constraining longitudinal research. Long-term field sites hold valuable historic animal location records, including hand-drawn maps and semantic descriptions. Here, we introduce a generalised workflow for converting such records into reliable location data to estimate home ranges, using 30 years of sleep-site data from 11 white-faced capuchin (Cebus imitator) groups in Costa Rica. Our findings illustrate that historic sleep locations can reliably recover home range size and geometry. We showcase the opportunity our approach presents to resolve open questions that can only be addressed with very long-term data, examining how home ranges are affected by climate cycles and demographic change. We urge researchers to translate historical records into usable movement data before this knowledge is lost; it is essential to understanding how animals are responding to our changing world.

近来全球定位系统技术的普及改变了动物运动研究。然而,这种最新技术的时间序列数据很少超过十年,限制了纵向研究。长期的野外地点拥有宝贵的动物位置历史记录,包括手绘地图和语义描述。在这里,我们利用哥斯达黎加 11 个白面卷尾猴(Cebus imitator)群落 30 年的睡眠地点数据,介绍了将此类记录转换为可靠位置数据的通用工作流程,以估算家园范围。我们的研究结果表明,历史睡眠地点可以可靠地恢复家园范围的大小和几何形状。我们展示了我们的方法所带来的机会,它可以解决只有通过非常长期的数据才能解决的悬而未决的问题,研究气候周期和人口变化对家园范围的影响。我们敦促研究人员将历史记录转化为可用的运动数据,以免这些知识丢失;这对了解动物如何应对我们不断变化的世界至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial symbionts buffer hosts from the demographic costs of environmental stochasticity 微生物共生体使宿主免受环境随机性带来的人口成本的影响。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14438
Joshua C. Fowler, Shaun Ziegler, Kenneth D. Whitney, Jennifer A. Rudgers, Tom E. X. Miller

Species' persistence in increasingly variable climates will depend on resilience against the fitness costs of environmental stochasticity. Most organisms host microbiota that shield against stressors. Here, we test the hypothesis that, by limiting exposure to temporally variable stressors, microbial symbionts reduce hosts' demographic variance. We parameterized stochastic population models using data from a 14-year symbiont-removal experiment including seven grass species that host Epichloë fungal endophytes. Results provide novel evidence that symbiotic benefits arise not only through improved mean fitness, but also through dampened inter-annual variance. Hosts with “fast” life-history traits benefited most from symbiont-mediated demographic buffering. Under current climate conditions, contributions of demographic buffering were modest compared to benefits to mean fitness. However, simulations of increased stochasticity amplified benefits of demographic buffering and made it the more important pathway of host–symbiont mutualism. Microbial-mediated variance buffering is likely an important, yet cryptic, mechanism of resilience in an increasingly variable world.

在气候日益多变的情况下,物种的存活将取决于它们对环境随机性所带来的健康代价的适应能力。大多数生物寄生的微生物群能抵御压力。在这里,我们验证了这样一个假设:通过限制暴露于时间上可变的压力源,微生物共生体可以减少宿主的人口变异。我们利用一项为期 14 年的共生体移除实验的数据对随机种群模型进行了参数化处理,实验对象包括 7 种寄生有 Epichloë 真菌内生菌的禾本科植物。研究结果提供了新的证据,证明共生效益不仅来自于平均适合度的提高,还来自于年际变异的抑制。具有 "快速 "生命史特征的宿主从共生体介导的人口缓冲中获益最多。在目前的气候条件下,与对平均适合度的益处相比,人口缓冲的贡献不大。然而,对随机性增加的模拟放大了人口缓冲的益处,使其成为宿主-共生体互利关系中更重要的途径。微生物介导的变异缓冲很可能是一个重要但隐蔽的复原机制,以适应日益多变的世界。
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引用次数: 0
Worldwide diversity in mammalian life histories: Environmental realms and evolutionary adaptations 哺乳动物生活史的全球多样性:环境领域和进化适应。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14445
E. Beccari, P. Capdevila, R. Salguero-Gómez, C. P. Carmona

Mammalian life history strategies can be characterised by a few axes of variation, conforming a space where species are positioned based on the life history strategies favoured in the environment they exploit. Yet, we still lack global descriptions of the diversity of realised mammalian life history and how this diversity is shaped by the environment. We used six life history traits to build a life history space covering worldwide mammalian adaptation, and we explored how environmental realms (land, air, water) influence mammalian life history strategies. We demonstrate that realms are tightly linked to distinct life history strategies. Aquatic and aerial species predominantly adhere to slower life history strategies, while terrestrial species exhibit faster life histories. Highly encephalised terrestrial species are a notable exception to these patterns. Furthermore, we show that different mode of life may play a significant role in expanding the set of strategies exploitable in the terrestrial realm. Additionally, species transitioning between terrestrial and aquatic realms, such as seals, exhibit intermediate life history strategies. Our results provide compelling evidence of the link between environmental realms and the life history diversity of mammals, highlighting the importance of differences in mode of life to expand life history diversity.

哺乳动物的生活史策略可以用几条变异轴来描述,这些变异轴构成了一个空间,在这个空间中,物种根据它们所利用的环境所青睐的生活史策略来定位。然而,我们仍然缺乏对哺乳动物真实生活史的多样性以及这种多样性如何由环境塑造的全面描述。我们利用六种生活史特征建立了一个涵盖全球哺乳动物适应性的生活史空间,并探讨了环境领域(陆地、空气和水)如何影响哺乳动物的生活史策略。我们证明,环境领域与不同的生活史策略密切相关。水生和空中物种主要采用较慢的生活史策略,而陆生物种则采用较快的生活史策略。高度脑化的陆生物种是这些模式的一个明显例外。此外,我们还表明,不同的生活模式可能在扩展陆生领域可利用的策略集方面发挥重要作用。此外,在陆生领域和水生领域之间过渡的物种,如海豹,表现出中间生活史策略。我们的研究结果为环境领域与哺乳动物生活史多样性之间的联系提供了令人信服的证据,突出了生活方式的差异对扩大生活史多样性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Does spatial variation in insect herbivory match variations in plant quality? A meta-analysis 昆虫食草量的空间变化是否与植物质量的变化相匹配?一项荟萃分析。
IF 8.8 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14440
Elena L. Zvereva, Bastien Castagneyrol, Mikhail V. Kozlov

Variation in herbivore pressure has often been predicted from patterns in plant traits considered as antiherbivore defences. Here, we tested whether spatial variation in field insect herbivory is associated with the variation in plant quality by conducting a meta-analysis of 223 correlation coefficients between herbivory levels and the expression of selected plant traits. We found no overall correlation between herbivory and either concentrations of plant secondary metabolites or values of physical leaf traits. This result was due to both the large number of low correlations and the opposing directions of high correlations in individual studies. Field herbivory demonstrated a significant association only with nitrogen: herbivore pressure increased with an increase in nitrogen concentration in plant tissues. Thus, our meta-analysis does not support either theoretical prediction, i.e., that plants possess high antiherbivore defences in localities with high herbivore pressure or that herbivory is low in localities where plant defences are high. We conclude that information about putative plant defences is insufficient to predict plant losses to insects in field conditions and that the only bottom-up factor shaping spatial variation in insect herbivory is plant nutritive value. Our findings stress the need to improve a theory linking plant putative defences and herbivory.

食草动物压力的变化通常是根据被认为具有抗食草动物防御能力的植物性状的模式来预测的。在这里,我们通过对草食性水平与所选植物性状表达之间的 223 个相关系数进行元分析,检验了田间昆虫草食性的空间变化是否与植物质量的变化有关。我们发现,食草量与植物次生代谢物浓度或叶片物理性状值之间总体上没有相关性。造成这一结果的原因是,个别研究中存在大量低相关性和高相关性的相反方向。田间食草动物仅与氮有显著相关性:食草动物的压力随着植物组织中氮浓度的增加而增加。因此,我们的荟萃分析并不支持任何一种理论预测,即在食草动物压力高的地方,植物具有较高的抗食草动物防御能力,或者在植物防御能力高的地方,食草动物较少。我们的结论是,有关假定的植物防御能力的信息不足以预测田间条件下昆虫对植物造成的损失,影响昆虫草食性空间变化的唯一自下而上的因素是植物的营养价值。我们的研究结果表明,有必要改进将植物假定防御和草食性联系起来的理论。
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引用次数: 0
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Ecology Letters
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