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Flexible P(VDF–TrFE)/BNT–BT composite films and their dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties 柔性 P(VDF-TrFE)/BNT-BT 复合薄膜及其介电、铁电和储能特性
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01404-7
P. S. Lekshmi Priya, S. Behera, S. Parida, Abhisek Choudhary, Dhiraj Kumar Rana

The dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of 0–3 composite systems with 0.92(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.08BaTiO3(BNT–BT) ceramics and Poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) P(VDF–TrFE) copolymer were investigated. The composites are prepared by solvent casting followed by hot-pressing technique. The presence of good ferroelectric properties in the composites is confirmed by the electroactive β-phase which was found to be more than 80% in almost all the composites. The inorganic ceramic fillers improve the dielectric properties of the ceramics. The polarisation response in the composite film increases because of the interface effect between the polymer matrix and ceramic filler. The room-temperature ferroelectric hysteresis loops indicate an increase in remnant polarisation of the matrix with the concentration of filler. The energy storage density efficiency of the composites changes from 81 to 58% upon adding the ceramic filler. Piezoelectric properties of P(VDF–TrFE)–0.92(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.08BaTiO3 composite were also investigated and found to be increased. So this composite is preferable for energy storage as well as harvesting applications.

Graphical abstract

研究了 0.92(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.08BaTiO3(BNT-BT)陶瓷和聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)P(VDF-TrFE)共聚物 0-3 复合材料体系的介电性能、铁电性能和储能性能。复合材料是通过溶剂浇铸和热压技术制备的。在几乎所有的复合材料中,电活性 β 相的含量都超过了 80%,这证实了复合材料具有良好的铁电特性。无机陶瓷填料改善了陶瓷的介电性能。由于聚合物基体和陶瓷填料之间的界面效应,复合薄膜的极化响应增加。室温铁电磁滞回线表明,随着填料浓度的增加,基体的残余极化也会增加。添加陶瓷填料后,复合材料的能量存储密度效率从 81% 变为 58%。还研究了 P(VDF-TrFE)-0.92(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.08BaTiO3 复合材料的压电特性,发现其压电特性有所提高。因此,这种复合材料适用于能量存储和采集应用。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced stability and decreased size limit for magnetic vortex state in thin permalloy nanodisk by radial modulation of thickness 通过径向调节厚度增强薄超耐热合金纳米盘中磁涡旋态的稳定性并降低其尺寸限制
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01431-4
Akhila Priya Kotti, Amaresh Chandra Mishra

Abstract

Magnetization reversal in thin cylindrical nanodisks with radius between 20 and 100 nm is investigated with particular emphasis to modulation of disk thickness. The nanodisk is kept 1 nm thin at the center, whereas it gradually thickens to 21 nm at the periphery. The thickness modulation stabilizes the vortex closure state as the ground state in nanodisk for radius as low as 20 nm. An onion state appears at remanence during in-plane magnetization reversal. Nudged elastic band method verifies that the vortex state is highly stable in all the nanodisks. In the nanodisk of 100 nm radius, the vortex state requires an energy of 2677 kT to transit into onion state where kT is thermal energy at room temperature. This stability however reduces with size of nanodisk and the smallest nanodisk of 20 nm radius has to surpass an energy barrier of 120 kT to topple over to onion state.

Graphic abstract

摘要 研究了半径介于 20 纳米和 100 纳米之间的薄圆柱形纳米盘中的磁化反转,特别强调了盘厚度的调节。纳米盘在中心保持 1 nm 的厚度,而在外围则逐渐增厚到 21 nm。在半径低至 20 纳米的纳米盘中,厚度调制使涡旋闭合态稳定为基态。在平面内磁化反转时,洋葱态出现在剩磁处。裸弹带法验证了涡旋态在所有纳米盘中都是高度稳定的。在半径为 100 nm 的纳米盘中,涡旋态需要 2677 kT 的能量才能过渡到洋葱态,其中 kT 是室温下的热能。然而,这种稳定性随着纳米盘尺寸的增大而减弱,最小的半径为 20 纳米的纳米盘必须超过 120 kT 的能量障碍才能进入洋葱态。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic effect of chromium–nickel based organic frameworks toward an effective electrochemical determination of flutamide in environmental samples 铬镍基有机框架对有效电化学测定环境样品中氟胺的协同效应
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01421-6
Navaneeth Kumar Ravikumar, Panneerselvam Perumal

An innovative electrochemical sensor has been developed using Cr–Ni bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for detecting the anti-prostate cancer medication, flutamide, in environmental samples. The sensor utilizes a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The Cr–Ni MOF-modified electrode demonstrated significantly higher peak currents compared to the bare GCE or electrodes modified with either Cr-MOF or Ni-MOF alone. This enhanced performance is attributed to superior conductivity, robust catalytic capabilities, and the synergistic interactions of bimetals within the organic framework assembly. The sensor was optimized for flutamide detection using differential pulse voltammetry in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 9. It achieved a linear detection range of 10 to 100 μM, a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.09 μM, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.30 μM. The sensor also demonstrated high stability, specificity, and reproducibility.

Graphical Abstract

利用铬镍双金属有机框架(MOFs)开发了一种创新型电化学传感器,用于检测环境样品中的抗前列腺癌药物氟他胺。该传感器采用改性玻璃碳电极(GCE)。与裸 GCE 或单独使用 Cr-MOF 或 Ni-MOF 修饰的电极相比,Cr-Ni MOF 修饰的电极显示出更高的峰值电流。性能的提高归功于卓越的导电性、强大的催化能力以及有机框架组件中双金属的协同作用。在 pH 值为 9 的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中使用差分脉冲伏安法对该传感器进行了优化,其线性检测范围为 10 至 100 μM,低检测限 (LOD) 为 0.09 μM,定量限 (LOQ) 为 0.30 μM。该传感器还具有高稳定性、特异性和可重复性。
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引用次数: 0
Solidification behavior of Ni-based superalloy at different cooling rates 不同冷却速率下镍基超合金的凝固行为
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01429-y
Shuai He, Zhifeng Li, Chi Zhang, Xin Liu, Chaoyi Wang, Junsheng Wang

The solidification behavior of Ni-based superalloy in the cooling rates range of 0.5–10 °C/s was investigated for simulation the casting process. Scheil model was used to calculate the solidification path of Ni-based superalloy. The results show that the precipitation sequence of solid phases from the liquid phase was as follows: Liquid (L) → L + γ → L + γ + MC → γ + MC + γ/γ′ eutectic. The precipitation temperature of γ/γ′ eutectic was increased with the increase of cooling rate. The solidification structures of Ni-based superalloy were found to be mainly dendritic, and the distance between dendrites decreased with the increase of cooling rate. The MC carbides enriched with C, Ti, Hf, Ta, and other elements presented rectangles, which contributed to refine the solidification structure as the heterogeneous nucleus. The nano-indentation was used to measure the γ + γ′ matrix and MC cabides, and the mechanism of cooling rate on the evolution of microstructure during the solidification was discussed.

Graphical Abstract

The solidification structures of Ni-based superalloy.

研究了镍基超耐热合金在 0.5-10 °C/s 冷却速率范围内的凝固行为,以模拟铸造过程。采用 Scheil 模型计算了镍基超耐热合金的凝固路径。结果表明,固相从液相析出的顺序如下:液相 (L) → L + γ → L + γ + MC → γ + MC + γ/γ′ 共晶。γ/γ′共晶的析出温度随冷却速率的增加而升高。镍基超耐热合金的凝固结构以树枝状为主,且树枝间距随冷却速率的增加而减小。富含 C、Ti、Hf、Ta 等元素的 MC 碳化物呈矩形,作为异质晶核有助于细化凝固结构。采用纳米压痕法测量了γ+γ′基体和MC碳化物,并讨论了冷却速度对凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响机制。
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引用次数: 0
First principles investigations of chalcogenides perovskites for optoelectronic applications 用于光电应用的铬化物包晶的第一性原理研究
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01432-3
Maha Naeem, Nawaz Muhammad, G. Murtaza, Hafiz Hamid Raza, Hafiz Irfan Ali

Perovskite chalcogenides have been acknowledged as a potential candidate for solar cell applications. We have investigated new chalcogenide perovskite AInX3 (A = Sc, Y and X = S, Se) materials in the present study. The WIEN2k packages are used based on the framework of DFT. AInX3 (A = Sc, Y and X = S, Se) are crystallized in the orthorhombic phase. The band gap is calculated by TB-mBJ. All the studied compounds have indirect band gaps in the visible energy range. They show high carrier conductivity because of small effective masses. The optical parameters including the complex dielectric constant, refractive index, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, energy loss function, and extinction coefficient are examined in detail. The thermoelectric properties are also investigated through the BoltzTraP code. Elastic properties suggest that all materials are ductile. The calculated characteristics indicate that these compounds have the potential to be used in photovoltaic devices.

Graphical abstract

Unit cell crystal structure of chalcogenide perovskite ABX3 (A = Sc, Y, B = In and X = S, Se) in an orthorhombic (GdFeO3-type) phase; wine-red: A = Sc/Y, purple: B = In; and yellow: X = S/Se. Electronic band lies in visible region for all the studied compounds.

人们已经认识到,透镜钙钛矿是太阳能电池应用的潜在候选材料。在本研究中,我们研究了新的霰化物包晶 AInX3(A = Sc、Y,X = S、Se)材料。基于 DFT 框架,我们使用了 WIEN2k 软件包。AInX3(A = Sc、Y 和 X = S、Se)以正交相结晶。带隙由 TB-mBJ 计算得出。所有研究的化合物在可见光能量范围内都具有间接带隙。由于有效质量较小,它们显示出较高的载流子传导性。详细研究了复介电常数、折射率、反射率、吸收系数、光导率、能量损失函数和消光系数等光学参数。此外,还通过 BoltzTraP 代码研究了热电特性。弹性特性表明,所有材料都具有延展性。图解摘要正交(GdFeO3 型)相中的掺杂包晶 ABX3(A = Sc、Y,B = In 和 X = S、Se)的单元电池晶体结构;酒红色:A = Sc/Y,紫色:B = In;黄色:X=S/Se。所有研究化合物的电子带都位于可见光区域。
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引用次数: 0
Functionalization of nanostructured surfaces: From the impact on morphological control during synthesis to the effect on colloidal dispersion 纳米结构表面的功能化:从对合成过程中形态控制的影响到对胶体分散的影响
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01428-z
Walter Sperandio Sampaio, Cleocir José Dalmaschio

Nanoscience has grown in recent decades since the development of nanoparticle synthesis and application. Although many studies have phenomenologically interpreted the formation of particles at the nanometric scale, the evolution of this field of study has focused on controlling the parameters enabling the attainment of desired morphologies and dimensions using ligands on nanoparticle surfaces. Molecules bound to nanostructured surfaces act in morphological control and aggregation processes as surface ligands transfer functional characteristics to nanostructures, which show core differences from that class of material. This study shows recent advances in nanoparticle surface functionalization with ligands either in their synthesis or in subsequent steps to modify nanoparticle surfaces. We also offer a discussion on ligand classification based on Lewis acid‒base properties and their impact on the colloidal stability of nanoparticles, enabling us to analyze the solvent‒ligand interactions that transfer characteristics from the ligand to the nanoparticle, generating flocculated or dispersed colloidal solutions.

Graphical abstract

自纳米粒子的合成和应用发展以来,纳米科学在近几十年中不断发展。尽管许多研究都从现象上解释了纳米尺度颗粒的形成,但这一研究领域的发展主要集中在利用纳米颗粒表面的配体控制参数,从而获得所需的形态和尺寸。与纳米结构表面结合的分子在形态控制和聚集过程中起作用,因为表面配体将功能特性转移到纳米结构上,从而显示出与该类材料的核心差异。本研究展示了纳米粒子表面功能化的最新进展,无论是在其合成过程中还是在修饰纳米粒子表面的后续步骤中,都可以使用配体。我们还讨论了基于路易斯酸碱特性的配体分类及其对纳米粒子胶体稳定性的影响,使我们能够分析溶剂与配体之间的相互作用,这种相互作用将配体的特性传递给纳米粒子,从而产生絮凝或分散的胶体溶液。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological improvement of a novel & non-toxic double perovskite MA2NaBiCl6 by thermal annealing treatment: Enhanced the PCE of solar cell device 通过热退火处理改善新型无毒双过氧化物 MA2NaBiCl6 的形态:提高太阳能电池装置的 PCE
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01413-6
Neelu Neelu, Nivedita Pandey, Subhananda Chakrabarti

In perovskite solar cells, annealing time and temperature are crucial parameters to obtain high quality film crystallization, desired morphology, and texture. Annealing enhances charge-carrier transport and minimizes non-radiative defects, resulting in improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). Firstly, we have synthesized a novel and hybrid halide double perovskites (DP) material MA2NaBiCl6 using hydrothermal and we have done material characterizations. We have fabricated solar cell using as-synthesized DP as a absorber material, ZnO as electron transport layer and Cu2O as hole transport layer and performance parameters was calculated. Furthermore, to enhance the device performance, we have annealed it at different temperature varying from 50 to 225 °C and analyzed improvements in material’s morphology and device performance. Also, the annealing time (30 s–5 min) was varied at optimum annealing temperature. The optimized annealing temperature and time is 200 °C and 2 min respectively on which we achieved 3.49% PCE from the RT efficiency 1.671%.

Graphical abstract

在过氧化物太阳能电池中,退火时间和温度是获得高质量薄膜结晶、理想形态和纹理的关键参数。退火可增强电荷载流子传输并最大限度地减少非辐射缺陷,从而提高功率转换效率(PCE)。首先,我们利用水热法合成了一种新型混合卤化物双包晶石(DP)材料 MA2NaBiCl6,并对材料进行了表征。我们使用合成的 DP 作为吸收材料,ZnO 作为电子传输层,Cu2O 作为空穴传输层,制作了太阳能电池,并计算了性能参数。此外,为了提高器件性能,我们在 50 至 225 °C 的不同温度下对其进行了退火处理,并分析了材料形态和器件性能的改善情况。同时,我们还在最佳退火温度下改变了退火时间(30 秒-5 分钟)。优化的退火温度和时间分别为 200 ℃ 和 2 分钟,在此温度下,我们实现了 3.49% 的 PCE(实时效率为 1.671%)。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical approaches to study degradation in Li-ion battery cathodes: Crucial role of exchange and correlation 研究锂离子电池阴极降解的理论方法:交换和关联的关键作用
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01408-3
Hrishit Banerjee, Andrew J. Morris

Abstract

 Li-ion batteries have become essential in energy storage, with demand rising steadily. Cathodes, crucial for determining capacity and voltage, face challenges like degradation in the form of thermal runaway and battery failure. Understanding these degradation phenomena is vital for developing mitigation strategies. Experimental techniques such as XAS, XPS, PES, UV–Vis, RIXS, NMR, and OEMS are commonly used, but theoretical modelling, particularly atomistic modelling with density-functional theory (DFT), provides key insights into the microscopic electronic behaviours causing degradation. While DFT offers a precise formulation, its approximations in the exchange-correlation functional and its ground-state, 0K limitations necessitate additional methods like ab initio molecular dynamics. Recently, many-body electronic structure methods have been used alongside DFT to better explain electron–electron interactions and temperature effects. This review emphasizes material-specific methods and the importance of electron–electron interactions, highlighting the role of many-body methods in addressing key issues in cathode degradation and future development in electron–phonon coupling methods.

Graphical abstract

摘要 锂离子电池已成为能源储存的关键,需求量稳步上升。阴极是决定容量和电压的关键,但也面临着热失控和电池失效等降解挑战。了解这些降解现象对于制定缓解策略至关重要。XAS、XPS、PES、UV-Vis、RIXS、NMR 和 OEMS 等实验技术是常用的实验技术,但理论建模,尤其是使用密度泛函理论(DFT)进行原子建模,为了解导致降解的微观电子行为提供了重要依据。虽然密度函数理论提供了精确的计算方法,但其交换相关函数的近似值及其在 0K 基态的局限性使得有必要采用更多的方法,如原子分子动力学(ab initio molecular dynamics)。最近,在使用 DFT 的同时还使用了多体电子结构方法,以更好地解释电子-电子相互作用和温度效应。本综述强调了针对特定材料的方法以及电子-电子相互作用的重要性,突出了多体方法在解决阴极降解关键问题中的作用以及电子-声子耦合方法的未来发展。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of magnetic 4A zeolite and its performance on ammonia nitrogen adsorption in water 磁性 4A 沸石的合成及其在水中吸附氨氮的性能
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01422-5
Deqi Tang, Tao Meng, Zhaoteng Xue, Dongsen Mao

Fe3O4@SiO2/4A magnetic nanocomposites (magnetic 4A zeolite) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method which endowed 4A zeolite with magnetic separation characteristics. XRD results showed that the magnetic 4A zeolite had the characteristic diffraction peaks of both 4A zeolite and Fe3O4. The SEM images displayed the combination of 4A zeolite and Fe3O4. N2 physical adsorption showed that magnetic 4A zeolite had a large specific surface area and can provide a large number of adsorption sites for ammonia nitrogen. The magnetic separation results showed that magnetic 4A zeolite exhibited fast response to external magnetic field, and the saturation strength measured by VSM was 5.85 emu g−1, indicating the superparamagnetic properties of magnetic 4A zeolite. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen by FSA-M-1 sample reached to 43.18%. After 6 rounds of repeated adsorption experiments, each sample’s magnetic recovery rate was above 95%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was higher than 36%.

Graphical abstract

通过水热法合成了 Fe3O4@SiO2/4A 磁性纳米复合材料(磁性 4A 沸石),赋予了 4A 沸石磁分离特性。XRD 结果表明,磁性 4A 沸石具有 4A 沸石和 Fe3O4 的特征衍射峰。扫描电镜图像显示了 4A 沸石和 Fe3O4 的结合。N2 物理吸附表明,磁性 4A 沸石具有较大的比表面积,可为氨氮提供大量的吸附位点。磁分离结果表明,磁性 4A 沸石对外部磁场具有快速响应,VSM 测得的饱和强度为 5.85 emu g-1,表明磁性 4A 沸石具有超顺磁性。FSA-M-1 样品对氨氮的去除率达到 43.18%。经过 6 轮重复吸附实验,每个样品的磁性回收率均在 95% 以上,氨氮去除率高于 36%。
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引用次数: 0
On the role of fractals dynamics in the evolution of microstructures in thin films and bulk materials 分形动力学在薄膜和块体材料微结构演变中的作用
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-024-01424-3
K. A. Padmanabhan, M. Ghanashyam Krishna

Fractal (micro)-structures are observed in many thin films, bulk specimens and fractured samples. A phenomenon that leads to the formation of these structures in thin films is diffusion-limited aggregation. The assumption in diffusion-limited aggregation is that formation of such structures is independent of the source conditions and relies only on film-substrate interactions with requirement of single crystallinity in both cases. The possibilities of fractal structures occurring in amorphous or crystalline film-on-amorphous or crystalline substrate have received limited attention. However, results on sputter deposited transition metal nitride thin films show that these combinations can indeed lead to fractal structures such as dendrites and snowflakes. In this work we postulate that the formation of these microstructures is perhaps related and sensitive to the initial conditions provided for growth, which leads to a conclusion that perhaps chaos-related dynamics is at work. We believe that a new theoretical framework is required to explain these phenomena. An attempt to identify the knowns and the unknowns in this area is made using our results as well as some available in the literature.

Graphical abstract

在许多薄膜、块状试样和断裂样品中都能观察到分形(微)结构。在薄膜中形成这些结构的一种现象是扩散限制聚集。扩散受限聚集的假定是,此类结构的形成与源条件无关,仅依赖于薄膜与基底之间的相互作用,并且在两种情况下都要求单结晶度。在非晶或晶体基底上的非晶或晶体薄膜中出现分形结构的可能性受到的关注有限。然而,对溅射沉积过渡金属氮化物薄膜的研究结果表明,这些组合确实可以产生分形结构,如树枝状和雪花状。在这项工作中,我们推测这些微结构的形成可能与生长所提供的初始条件有关,而且对这些初始条件非常敏感,从而得出结论:可能是与混沌有关的动力学在起作用。我们认为需要一个新的理论框架来解释这些现象。我们试图利用我们的研究成果以及文献中的一些成果来确定这一领域的已知和未知因素。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Materials Research
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