Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.285
H. Kang, Mi So Seong, J. Nah, S. Ryoo, B. Ku, J. Cheong
{"title":"FMDV 2C Protein of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Increases Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine TNFα via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","authors":"H. Kang, Mi So Seong, J. Nah, S. Ryoo, B. Ku, J. Cheong","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79565452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.1.88
W. Joo, Y. Bae, Da Som Kim, Dong Wan Kim
Using a random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, messenger RNA expression levels were assessed after exposure to 10% (v/v) toluene for 8 hr in solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106. Among the 100 up-expressed products, 50 complementary DNA fragments were confirmed to express repeatedly; these were cloned and then sequenced. Blast analysis revealed that toluene stimulated an adaptive increase in the gene expression level in association with transcriptions such as LysR family of transcriptional regulators and RNA polymerase factor sigma-32. The expression of catalase and Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter genes functionally associated with inorganic ion transport and metabolism increased, and the increased expression of type IV pilus assembly PilZ and multi-sensor signal transduction histidine kinase genes, functionally categorized into signal transduction and mechanisms, was also demonstrated under toluene stress. The gene expression level of beta-hexosaminidase in association with carbohydrate transport and metabolism increased, and those of DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II, DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain-containing protein, and ABC transporter also increased after exposure to toluene in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, and even in defense mechanism. In particular, the RNAs corresponding to the ABC transporter, Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter, and the β-hexosaminidase gene were confirmed to be markedly induced in the presence of 10% toluene. Thus, defense mechanism, cellular ion homeostasis, and biofilm formation were shown as essential for toluene tolerance in Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106.
{"title":"Differentially Up-expressed Genes Involved in Toluene Tolerance in Pseudomonas sp. BCNU106","authors":"W. Joo, Y. Bae, Da Som Kim, Dong Wan Kim","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.1.88","url":null,"abstract":"Using a random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, messenger RNA expression levels were assessed after exposure to 10% (v/v) toluene for 8 hr in solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106. Among the 100 up-expressed products, 50 complementary DNA fragments were confirmed to express repeatedly; these were cloned and then sequenced. Blast analysis revealed that toluene stimulated an adaptive increase in the gene expression level in association with transcriptions such as LysR family of transcriptional regulators and RNA polymerase factor sigma-32. The expression of catalase and Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter genes functionally associated with inorganic ion transport and metabolism increased, and the increased expression of type IV pilus assembly PilZ and multi-sensor signal transduction histidine kinase genes, functionally categorized into signal transduction and mechanisms, was also demonstrated under toluene stress. The gene expression level of beta-hexosaminidase in association with carbohydrate transport and metabolism increased, and those of DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II, DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain-containing protein, and ABC transporter also increased after exposure to toluene in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, and even in defense mechanism. In particular, the RNAs corresponding to the ABC transporter, Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter, and the β-hexosaminidase gene were confirmed to be markedly induced in the presence of 10% toluene. Thus, defense mechanism, cellular ion homeostasis, and biofilm formation were shown as essential for toluene tolerance in Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106.","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84657480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.476
Kanghyun Kim, E. Y. Bae, Hyun Goo Lim, Mi Heui Kim, Tae-Seok Oh, Seung Woong Lee
{"title":"Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi ameliorates LPS-mediated inflammation by suppressing MAPKs signaling = LPS로 유도된 염증 상태 내에서 MAPKs 세포신호 전달체계를 저해하는 올방개의 항염증 효과","authors":"Kanghyun Kim, E. Y. Bae, Hyun Goo Lim, Mi Heui Kim, Tae-Seok Oh, Seung Woong Lee","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.835
Young-S. Kim, J. Lim, Bon-Hwa Ku, S. Moon, Hyung-rae Cho, S. Lee, J. Kwon
and Jung-Hee Kwon* Glucan Co. Ltd., 25-15, Worasan-ro 950 beon-gil, Munsan-eup Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52840, Korea 2 Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea NPChemBio Co. Ltd., Venture Support Facilities, Jinju Bioindustry Promotiom Foundation, 991 Worasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52839, Korea
{"title":"The Anti-obesity Effect of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 Extract (Polycan ® ) on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Adipocytes","authors":"Young-S. Kim, J. Lim, Bon-Hwa Ku, S. Moon, Hyung-rae Cho, S. Lee, J. Kwon","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.835","url":null,"abstract":"and Jung-Hee Kwon* Glucan Co. Ltd., 25-15, Worasan-ro 950 beon-gil, Munsan-eup Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52840, Korea 2 Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea NPChemBio Co. Ltd., Venture Support Facilities, Jinju Bioindustry Promotiom Foundation, 991 Worasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52839, Korea","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75336497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.8.688
E. Yang, Hye-Ran Kim, Kyung-Soo Chang, Changlim Hyun
{"title":"The Protective Effects of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Raphiolepsis indica Against Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Keratinocytes","authors":"E. Yang, Hye-Ran Kim, Kyung-Soo Chang, Changlim Hyun","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.8.688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.8.688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81463203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.460
Soyoung Kim, S. Hong, S. Choi, J. Cheong, Yung-Hyun Choi
{"title":"The Anti-cancer Effects of Bigihwan, Daechilgithang, and Mokwhyangbinranghwan Ethanol Extracts in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells","authors":"Soyoung Kim, S. Hong, S. Choi, J. Cheong, Yung-Hyun Choi","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85146447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.411
Nafula Racheal, Jae-Ryoung Park, Dong-Won Jeon, Kyung-Min Kim
The development of GM crops has gained significant economic importance, and the number of countries cultivating commercial GM crops has continuously increased since the 1960s. Globally, the area given to cultivating GM soybean, maize, cotton, and canola alone had reached 114 million hectares by 2007. Although the economic importance of cultivating and commercializing GM crops has increased, there is still a need to assess their agricultural traits in comparison to non-GM produce. This study evaluated the agricultural traits of GM rice containing the drought-tolerant gene CaMsrB2 and standard rice to investigate any unintended effects of genetic engineering. The GM and non-GM rice were compared in terms of various agricultural traits in a drought greenhouse and an irrigated paddy field. There was no statistical difference in the field-grown crops, but there was a statistically significant difference in both tiller number and yield in the greenhouse. These results therefore suggest that GM rice lines containing the CaMsrB2 gene are superior in performance to non-GM rice in drought stress conditions and could be grown in drought-prone areas where drought intolerant rice may not be able to grow.
{"title":"A Comparison Between the Agricultural Traits of GM and Non-GM Rice in Drought Stress and Non-stress Conditions","authors":"Nafula Racheal, Jae-Ryoung Park, Dong-Won Jeon, Kyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.5.411","url":null,"abstract":"The development of GM crops has gained significant economic importance, and the number of countries cultivating commercial GM crops has continuously increased since the 1960s. Globally, the area given to cultivating GM soybean, maize, cotton, and canola alone had reached 114 million hectares by 2007. Although the economic importance of cultivating and commercializing GM crops has increased, there is still a need to assess their agricultural traits in comparison to non-GM produce. This study evaluated the agricultural traits of GM rice containing the drought-tolerant gene CaMsrB2 and standard rice to investigate any unintended effects of genetic engineering. The GM and non-GM rice were compared in terms of various agricultural traits in a drought greenhouse and an irrigated paddy field. There was no statistical difference in the field-grown crops, but there was a statistically significant difference in both tiller number and yield in the greenhouse. These results therefore suggest that GM rice lines containing the CaMsrB2 gene are superior in performance to non-GM rice in drought stress conditions and could be grown in drought-prone areas where drought intolerant rice may not be able to grow.","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83885413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.278
Jae-Yeul Lee, K. Jhee, Seun-ah Yang
{"title":"Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Essential Oil from the Magnolia kobus Flower","authors":"Jae-Yeul Lee, K. Jhee, Seun-ah Yang","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.3.278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89232284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.844
Yoon-Hee Jang, Jae-Ryoung Park, Kyung-Min Kim
Disaster-related extreme weather is rapidly increasing due to climate change. In Korea, typhoons accompanied by rainfall usually approach in August and September, causing great damage. The purpose of this study is to find a gene that regulates the heading date of rice in order to avoid loss of harvest from climate change and typhoons. Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) was used as the plant material to investigate the location of heading-related genes using QTL and sequence analysis by cloning the gene. In the distribution chart, the heading dates, culm lengths, panicle lengths, numbers of panicles, and 1,000-grain weights all have normal distributions. QTL analysis found 13 contigs on chromosome 8. One QTL, named qHd8, was detected on chromosome 8. The range at qHd8 was approximately 7.7 cM, with RM72 and RM404 markers near the peak. There were 13 contigs and 1 ORF. Protein sequence analysis showed that rice was similar to Os08g0341700, AtSFH13, and AtSFH7 proteins. Os08g0341700, which is involved in signal transduction, is similar to phosphatidylinositol transfer-like protein II, and complete information is not available, but it is believed to play a role in the phosphatidylinositol-specific signaling pathway related to Sec14P.
由于气候变化，与灾害有关的极端天气正在迅速增加。在韩国，台风通常在8月和9月来临，并伴有降雨，造成很大的损失。本研究的目的是寻找一种调节水稻抽穗日期的基因，以避免气候变化和台风造成的收成损失。以清清/陇东双单倍体(CNDH)为材料，克隆该基因，利用QTL和序列分析对抽头相关基因进行定位。在分布图中，抽穗期、茎长、穗长、穗数、千粒重均呈正态分布。QTL分析发现8号染色体上有13个contigs。在8号染色体上检测到1个QTL，命名为qHd8。qHd8的范围约为7.7 cM, RM72和RM404标记在峰值附近。有13个contigs和1个ORF。蛋白质序列分析显示，水稻与Os08g0341700、AtSFH13和AtSFH7蛋白相似。参与信号转导的Os08g0341700与磷脂酰肌醇转移样蛋白II相似，没有完整的信息，但被认为在与Sec14P相关的磷脂酰肌醇特异性信号通路中发挥作用。
{"title":"QTL Analysis of Rice Heading-related Genes Using Cheongcheong/Nagdong Doubled Haploid Genetic Map","authors":"Yoon-Hee Jang, Jae-Ryoung Park, Kyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.10.844","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster-related extreme weather is rapidly increasing due to climate change. In Korea, typhoons accompanied by rainfall usually approach in August and September, causing great damage. The purpose of this study is to find a gene that regulates the heading date of rice in order to avoid loss of harvest from climate change and typhoons. Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) was used as the plant material to investigate the location of heading-related genes using QTL and sequence analysis by cloning the gene. In the distribution chart, the heading dates, culm lengths, panicle lengths, numbers of panicles, and 1,000-grain weights all have normal distributions. QTL analysis found 13 contigs on chromosome 8. One QTL, named qHd8, was detected on chromosome 8. The range at qHd8 was approximately 7.7 cM, with RM72 and RM404 markers near the peak. There were 13 contigs and 1 ORF. Protein sequence analysis showed that rice was similar to Os08g0341700, AtSFH13, and AtSFH7 proteins. Os08g0341700, which is involved in signal transduction, is similar to phosphatidylinositol transfer-like protein II, and complete information is not available, but it is believed to play a role in the phosphatidylinositol-specific signaling pathway related to Sec14P.","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88813934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2020.30.11.947
H. Kang, Mi So Seong, B. Ku, J. Cheong
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, affects wild and domesticated ruminants and pigs. During replication of the FMDV RNA (ribonucleic acid) genome, FMDV-encoding RNA polymerase 3D acts in a highly location-specific manner. This suggests that specific RNA structures recognized by 3D polymerase within non-coding regions of the FMDV genome assist with binding during replication. One such region is the cis-acting replication element (CRE), which functions as a template for RNA replication. The FMDV CRE adopts a stem-loop conformation with an extended duplex stem, supporting a novel 15-17 nucleotide loop that derives stability from base-stacking interactions, with the exact RNA nucleotide sequence of the CRE producing different RNA secondary structures. Here, we show that CRE sequences of FMDVs isolated in Korea from 2010 to 2017 exhibit A and O genotypes. Interestingly, variations in the RNA secondary structure of the Korean FMDVs are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and reveal the specificity of FMDV infections for particular host species. Therefore, we conclude that each genetic clade of Korean FMDV is characterized by a unique functional CRE and that the evolutionary success of new genetic lineages may be associated with the invention of a novel CRE motif. Therefore, we propose that the specific RNA structure of a CRE is an additional criterion for FMDV classification dependent on the host species. These findings will help correctly analyze CRE sequences and indicate the specificity of host species for future FMDV epidemics.
{"title":"Cis-acting Replication Element Variation of the Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus is Associated with the Determination of Host Susceptibility","authors":"H. Kang, Mi So Seong, B. Ku, J. Cheong","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2020.30.11.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.11.947","url":null,"abstract":"The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, affects wild and domesticated ruminants and pigs. During replication of the FMDV RNA (ribonucleic acid) genome, FMDV-encoding RNA polymerase 3D acts in a highly location-specific manner. This suggests that specific RNA structures recognized by 3D polymerase within non-coding regions of the FMDV genome assist with binding during replication. One such region is the cis-acting replication element (CRE), which functions as a template for RNA replication. The FMDV CRE adopts a stem-loop conformation with an extended duplex stem, supporting a novel 15-17 nucleotide loop that derives stability from base-stacking interactions, with the exact RNA nucleotide sequence of the CRE producing different RNA secondary structures. Here, we show that CRE sequences of FMDVs isolated in Korea from 2010 to 2017 exhibit A and O genotypes. Interestingly, variations in the RNA secondary structure of the Korean FMDVs are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and reveal the specificity of FMDV infections for particular host species. Therefore, we conclude that each genetic clade of Korean FMDV is characterized by a unique functional CRE and that the evolutionary success of new genetic lineages may be associated with the invention of a novel CRE motif. Therefore, we propose that the specific RNA structure of a CRE is an additional criterion for FMDV classification dependent on the host species. These findings will help correctly analyze CRE sequences and indicate the specificity of host species for future FMDV epidemics.","PeriodicalId":16322,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85259118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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