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Elements of Antigen Introducing Cells can be Adjusted by GoldNanoparticles Presentation: A Review Article 金纳米颗粒可调节抗原引入细胞中的元素
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.555
A. Gonon
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引用次数: 0
New Methods for the Determination of the Surface Physicochemical Properties and Glass Transition of Polyaniline in Conducting and Non-Conducting Forms by Using Igc Technique at Infinite Dilution 无限稀释Igc技术测定聚苯胺导电态和非导电态表面物理化学性质和玻璃化转变的新方法
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.565
T. Hamieh, Khaled Chawraba, J. Lalevée, J. Toufaily
Many studies were devoted in our Laboratory to the determination of physico-chemical and thermodynamic properties of polymers and/or oxides by using the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution. More particularly, we studied the interactions of solid substrates with some model organic molecules and their acid-base properties, in Lewis terms, by determining the acidic and basic constants. We proposed in this paper to study the surface thermodynamic energetics, transition phenomena, specific interactions and acid-base properties of both the conducting polyaniline (PANI-HEBSA) and the non-conducting form (PANI-EB) on the light of the new progresses of IGC methods. This technique was used to obtain the net retention volume Vn and then the dispersive free enthalpy of n-alkanes adsorbed on PANI. The curves of the dispersive component of the surface energy of n-alkanes adsorbed on PANI, as a function of the temperature highlighted the presence of two transition temperatures on 383K and 430K respectively for PANI-HEBSA and PANI-EB. There results were confirmed by the curves of RTlnVn =f(1/T) of n-alkanes. The determination of the specific free enthalpy of polar molecules adsorbed on PANI proved a shift of 4K in the value of the glass transition of PANI-EB. From the variation of as a function of the temperature, one deduced the values of the specific enthalpy of the various polar molecules and determined the acidic constant KA and basic constant KD, the two constants characterizing the solid substrate. It was showed that PANI is highly more basic than acidic (about 2.6 times more basic) and an increase of the acid-base character was highlighted near the glass transition for PANI-EB.
我们的实验室进行了许多研究,通过使用反相气相色谱法(IGC)在无限稀释下测定聚合物和/或氧化物的物理化学和热力学性质。更具体地说,我们研究了固体基质与一些模型有机分子的相互作用及其酸碱性质,用刘易斯术语来说,就是通过确定酸性和碱性常数。本文拟结合IGC方法的新进展,对导电聚苯胺(PANI-HEBSA)和非导电聚苯胺(PANI-EB)的表面热力学热力学、跃迁现象、比相互作用和酸碱性质进行研究。利用该技术得到了正构烷烃在聚苯胺上吸附的净保留体积Vn和分散自由焓。PANI表面正构烷烃的表面能色散随温度的变化曲线表明,PANI- hebsa和PANI- eb分别在383K和430K处存在两个转变温度。正构烷烃的RTlnVn =f(1/T)曲线证实了上述结果。对吸附在聚苯胺上的极性分子的比自由焓的测定表明,聚苯胺- eb的玻璃化转变值发生了4K的变化。由其随温度的变化,推导出了不同极性分子的比焓值,并确定了表征固体底物的酸性常数KA和碱性常数KD。结果表明,聚苯胺的碱性比酸性强得多(约为碱性的2.6倍),在聚苯胺- eb的玻璃化转变附近,其酸碱性质显著增加。
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引用次数: 1
An Unique Application of Pnccd X-Ray Detector in Material Characterization Pnccd x射线探测器在材料表征中的独特应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.563
M. Khan
In the current work, the principle focus is to analyze the measurements of X-rays by the application of Fast Readout Charge-Coupled Device (pnCCD), which is a special form of CCD developed for the purpose of spectroscopy & imaging of X-radiation with high time resolution. As a part of this work, two phases are taken into consideration. In the first phase, highly accelerated electrons induced by high voltage are collided with a metal target (anode material-Mo in this case) in X-ray tube and emitted X-rays from the tube are measured by pnCCD. In this phase, the X-ray spectrum depends on the anode material and accelerating voltage. During the phase 1 experiment, various elements are noticed in the X-ray spectra, which are originated from the experimental apparatus (X-ray tube only) and its surrounding materials. Through proper energy calibration technique, elemental composition of the materials have been determined. In the second phase, fluorescence X-radiation (secondary radiation), emitted by the secondary target source (MnO2) is measured by pnCCD where, Mn is excited by being bombarded with high energy X-rays from X-ray tube. It is to be noted that MnO2 source is guarded by pure Al sheet foil that protects X-rays from other materials. That is why background radiation is decreased and as a result, clean Mn spectrum is observed. To avoid distortion of the intensity determination, the detector’s degree of illumination is maintained less than 2% in both phases by using Al filters with required thickness. In terms of intensity, it can be concluded that the intensity of K X-rays released from MnO2 source is approximately 0.06% in compare to the total intensity of direct emission spectra from experimental apparatus (X-ray tube) for 25 keV.
在目前的工作中,主要重点是利用快速读出电荷耦合器件(pnCCD)来分析x射线的测量,pnCCD是一种特殊形式的CCD,用于高时间分辨率的x射线光谱和成像。作为这项工作的一部分,考虑了两个阶段。在第一阶段,高电压诱导的高加速电子与x射线管中的金属靶(阳极材料为mo)碰撞,用pccd测量x射线管发射的x射线。在这个阶段,x射线光谱取决于阳极材料和加速电压。在第一阶段实验中,在x射线光谱中注意到各种元素,这些元素来源于实验装置(仅x射线管)及其周围材料。通过适当的能量校准技术,确定了材料的元素组成。在第二阶段,通过pccd测量由次级靶源(MnO2)发射的荧光x射线(二次辐射),其中Mn被x射线管的高能x射线轰击激发。值得注意的是,MnO2源是由纯铝箔保护的,可以保护x射线不受其他材料的影响。这就是背景辐射减少的原因,因此可以观察到干净的Mn光谱。为了避免强度测定失真,在两相中,通过使用所需厚度的铝滤光片,使探测器的照度保持在2%以下。在强度方面,可以得出MnO2源释放的K x射线强度约为25 keV实验装置(x射线管)直接发射光谱总强度的0.06%。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement and Enhancement of Enzyme Activity by Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Adsorption 金属-有机骨架(MOF)吸附改善和增强酶活性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.567
Yoshiyuki Sato, T. Akitsu
This short commentary mentions some reports of immobilization of enzymes by encapsulation into the structure of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and adsorption on the surface of the MOFs. Improvements in thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability were also observed. The ability to improve the function of enzymes while maintaining their stability will lead to cost reduction. In addition, there are possible applications in the fields of biosensing and cancer treatment.
这篇简短的评论提到了一些通过将酶包封到金属有机框架(MOFs)的结构中并在MOFs表面吸附来固定酶的报道。热稳定性、储存稳定性和可重用性也得到了改善。在保持酶的稳定性的同时提高酶的功能的能力将导致成本的降低。此外,在生物传感和癌症治疗领域也有可能应用。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Approach for Obtaining Nanocomposites with a High Percentage of Mwcnts Reinforcement and Elastomeric Materials PU/MWCNT 制备高强度纳米复合材料的新方法及弹性体材料PU/MWCNT
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.568
Khaled Chawraba, A. Nassereddine, Hareth Sleiman, J. Toufaily, J. Lalevée, T. Hamieh
Novel nanocomposites based on polyurethane/carbon nanotube and incorporation of functional groups (hydroquinone and citric acid) were prepared by “solution casting method”. In this work, a high percentage of carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) was introduced successfully into the polyurethane. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the results obtained showed a high dispersion of CNTs on polymer. Then, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile test. Compared to pure polyurethane, the nanocomposites, with high loading of CNTs, displayed better thermal stability and mechanical properties (high elongation at break-1000%).
采用“溶液浇铸法”制备了以聚氨酯/碳纳米管为基体,加入对苯二酚和柠檬酸官能团的新型纳米复合材料。在这项工作中,高比例的碳纳米管(CNTs)被成功地引入聚氨酯。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行表征;结果表明,碳纳米管在聚合物上具有较高的分散性。然后,通过热重分析(TGA)评价了复合材料的热稳定性,通过拉伸试验评价了复合材料的力学性能。与纯聚氨酯相比,高碳纳米管负载的纳米复合材料表现出更好的热稳定性和力学性能(断裂伸长率高达1000%)。
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引用次数: 0
Good Governance in Oromia: Challenges and Strategies (Major Cities in Arsi and East Shewa zone in focus, Ethiopia) 奥罗米亚的善治:挑战与策略(重点关注阿尔西和东谢瓦地区的主要城市,埃塞俄比亚)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.559
Zinabie Degu
The main objective of this study was to identify the level of good governance with respect to its founding pillar elements in Oromia Arsi and East shewa zone selected urban cities. The key elements of good governance considered in the study were accountability, transparency, participation, responsiveness, control of corruption, operational effectiveness and efficiency, equity building and inclusive, and consensus orientation,. The study followed a survey and focus group discussion. The data were collected from four selected cities that in Adama, Asella, Batu, and Shashemenne. Analyses were based on primary data generated through structured questionnaire for each key elements of good governance. Focus group discussion was also conducted with selected informant groups. Descriptive analyses were specified to identify the current practice of good governance. The focus group discussion data were subject to thematic analyses and triangulated with the findings from survey analyses. The pillars of good governance such as: accountability, participation, responsiveness, responsibility, efficiency and effectiveness, equity and consensus orientation, elements observed at low level within the selected city administration. Top priority problems were identified for respective cities. Fraud with respect to land administration and project authorization are among the top source of corruption. The study proposed pre-symptom actions and after symptom actions to curb corruption and establish good governance within the city administration.
本研究的主要目的是确定在奥罗米亚-阿尔西和东谢瓦地区选定的城市中善政的基本支柱要素的水平。研究中考虑的善治的关键要素是问责制、透明度、参与、响应能力、控制腐败、业务效力和效率、建立公平和包容性以及面向共识。这项研究是在调查和焦点小组讨论之后进行的。这些数据是从阿达马、阿塞拉、巴图和沙谢梅内四个选定的城市收集的。分析基于通过结构化问卷对善治的每个关键要素生成的原始数据。还与选定的信息提供群体进行了焦点小组讨论。指定了描述性分析,以确定当前良好治理的做法。对焦点小组讨论的数据进行了专题分析,并与调查分析的结果进行了三角测量。善政的支柱,如:问责制、参与、响应、责任、效率和效力、公平和协商一致的方向,这些因素在选定的城市行政的低级别观察到。确定了各自城市的最优先问题。土地管理和项目授权方面的欺诈是腐败的主要来源。研究提出了在城市管理中遏制腐败和建立良好治理的症状前行动和症状后行动。
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引用次数: 0
Short Communication on Photon Mass 光子质量的短通信
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.561
S. Orlov
The atomic structure is presented on the basis of the theory of vortex gravitation. The feasibility and calculation of the values of the density and mass of electromagnetic particles are proposed. A calculation is made, which proves that the photon must have mass. In the calculations, some physical characteristics of electromagnetic particles that are accepted by modern physics are refuted.
在涡旋引力理论的基础上,给出了其原子结构。提出了电磁粒子密度和质量数值计算的可行性。通过计算,证明光子一定有质量。在计算中,否定了现代物理学所接受的电磁粒子的一些物理特性。
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引用次数: 0
Nano Asphalt Production Using Microemulation and Sonication Method: Yield Optimization Using Surface Response: A Review Article 利用微仿真和超声方法生产纳米沥青:利用表面响应优化产量:综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.554
Riny Yol, ha Parapat
The largest natural asphalt deposit in the world is located in Buton Island (Indonesia) which is around 677 million tons. Efforts in utilizing the Asbuton rock to produce asphalt as the replacement of petroleum asphalt have been carried out by other researchers, but they only produced a conventional type of asphalt. Also, in general, the method that was used is quite expensive. The conventional asphalt in road pavement is unable to withstand traffic loads and excessive temperatures, resulting in deformation. This research is about making nano asphalt from Asbuton rock with using a combination of microemulsion technique and sonication. The advantage of this technique is the effectiveness of the process in producing the nano asphalt that is by extracting the asphalt from the pores of Asbuton rock simultaneously forming (in-situ) the nanoparticles. Experimental variables that are varied in this study are the temperature, oil fraction, type of solvent, particle size, and type of surfactant (HLB). To find the optimum Yield of nano asphalt, the involved variables are simulated and optimized by using Factorial Design, Pareto Diagram, and Response Surface methods. The comprehensive results from the simulation are presented in this report including the significant variables which were optimized to produce the optimum Yield of nano asphalt. The optimum Yield of nano asphalt theoretically generated from Response Surface ranged between 80 – 99.90%. The results of validation with experiments using optimized variables show the similarity between the optimum Yields and the simulated Yields value. The produced nano asphalt was investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to prove the quality of nano asphalt. Lately, the utilization of polymer nanocomposite for development of strong black-top combinations has been progressively supplanting the use of polymer-altered covers. In this examination, the enhancement of nanosilica and fastener content for nanocomposite-altered
世界上最大的天然沥青矿床位于印度尼西亚的Buton岛,储量约为6.77亿吨。其他研究人员也曾尝试利用阿什顿岩生产沥青,以替代石油沥青,但他们只生产了一种传统的沥青。而且,一般来说,使用的方法是相当昂贵的。常规沥青路面无法承受交通荷载和过高的温度,导致路面变形。采用微乳化技术和超声技术相结合的方法,从石棉岩中制备纳米沥青。该技术的优势在于其生产纳米沥青的过程是有效的,即从沥青岩的孔隙中提取沥青同时形成纳米颗粒。在本研究中,实验变量的变化包括温度、油的馏分、溶剂的类型、颗粒的大小和表面活性剂的类型(HLB)。为了寻找纳米沥青的最佳产率,采用析因设计、帕累托图和响应面法对所涉及的变量进行了模拟和优化。本报告给出了模拟的综合结果,包括优化的重要变量,以产生最佳的纳米沥青收率。响应面理论所得纳米沥青的最佳产率在80 ~ 99.90%之间。利用优化变量进行了实验验证,结果表明,最优产率值与模拟产率值具有较好的一致性。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外分光光度计(IR)和x射线衍射仪(XRD)对所制得的纳米沥青进行了表征,证明了纳米沥青的质量。近年来,利用聚合物纳米复合材料开发强黑顶复合材料已逐渐取代聚合物改变盖板的使用。在本研究中,纳米二氧化硅和紧固件含量的增加改变了纳米复合材料的性能
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引用次数: 0
Pico/Nano/Micro Drop Dispensing Platform Using Unique DisposableCartridges for Non-Contact & no Cross Contamination Dispensing in LifeSciences and Industry: A Review Article 使用独特的一次性药盒的Pico/Nano/微滴点胶平台用于生命科学和工业中的非接触和无交叉污染点胶:综述文章
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.558
T. Guillerm, G. Leen
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引用次数: 0
Market Analysis on Biomaterials, Cellular and Tissue Engineering 生物材料、细胞和组织工程市场分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2169-0022.2021.10.566
Grace Fern, Ez
The global bone cement and glue markets are sure to succeed in USD one, 322.6 Million by 2022 from USD 993.0 Million in 2017, at a CAGR of five.9%. Market development is primarily driven by the rising prevalence of sports injuries and accumulative developments in the regenerative drugs field. In 2009, the orthopedical biomaterial market recorded revenues of $236.5 million or thirty-seven.5% of the overall biomaterial merchandise market. This can be principally attributable to accumulative application areas and starter of refined technologies within the biomaterials market. Anyhow, the orthopedical biomaterial market is calculable to grow at a CAGR of seventeen. 2% from 2010 to 2015. vas biomaterial merchandise market is that the 2nd market, causative 12 months of the overall biomaterial merchandise market. The 3D bioprinting market is probably going to succeed in USD one, 332.6 Million by 2021 from USD 411.4 Million in 2016, at a CAGR of twenty-six.5% throughout the prediction amount. Growing claim for organ transplantation, growing R&D, increasing public and personal investments in analysis, and rising use of 3D bioprinting in drug discovery area unit driving the expansion of this market. The worldwide 3D printing medical devices market is projected to succeed in USD one.88 Billion by 2022 from USD zero.84 Billion in 2017, at a CAGR of seventeen.5% throughout the forecast amount. The international bone cement and glue market are predicted to reach USD one, 322.6 Million by 2022 from USD 993.0 Million in 2017, at a CAGR of five.9%.
全球骨水泥和胶水市场肯定会从2017年的9.93亿美元增长到2022年的1.3226亿美元,复合年增长率为5.9%。市场的发展主要是由运动损伤的日益流行和再生药物领域的累积发展驱动的。2009年,骨科生物材料市场的收入为2.365亿美元。占整个生物材料商品市场的5%。这主要是由于生物材料市场的应用领域积累和精细技术的启动。无论如何,骨科生物材料市场预计将以17%的复合年增长率增长。从2010年到2015年的2%。Vas生物材料商品市场是第二大市场,导致12个月的整体生物材料商品市场。3D生物打印市场可能会从2016年的4.114亿美元增长到2021年的1.3.326亿美元,复合年增长率为26。整个预测量的5%。不断增长的器官移植需求,不断增长的研发,越来越多的公共和个人在分析方面的投资,以及在药物发现领域越来越多地使用3D生物打印,推动了这一市场的扩张。全球3D打印医疗设备市场预计将达到1.88亿美元到2022年从0.84亿美元增加到10亿美元2017年将达到10亿美元,复合年增长率为17%。整个预测金额的5%。预计到2022年,国际骨水泥和胶水市场将从2017年的9.93亿美元达到1.3226亿美元,复合年增长率为5.9%。
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引用次数: 0
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