Pub Date : 2018-05-10DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000450
S. PriyeshPkandSenthilSelvan
According to the report published by United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization in 2017, it is estimated that India presently produces 341.2 million metric tonnes of sugarcane, proving the fact that India is the second largest sugarcane producer on the globe. Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous waste product recovered from the Sugar milling industry. There is an increasing threat of disposing the bagasse ash, as it causes serious environmental hazards. Hence, there is an immediate need to find an alternative solution to use the waste product in the form of bagasse ash, in an effective manner. Thus, this paper dealt with the replacement of cement using the bash in concrete. Furthermore, there has been numerous research made, into using steel fibre in concrete. Similar to steel fibre is steel scrap, which is a waste material from Lathe machines. Thereby, this paper will also deal with addition of steel scrap to the concrete, as the latter is much cheaper than steel fibres, which are normally used. Hence, a comprehensive study is made in the research, where concrete is prepared by partially replacing cement by bagasse ash and adding steel scrap to the volume of concrete, as a whole. Here, cement is partially replaced by bagasse ash by 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement in concrete. Similarly, steel scrap is added at dosage of 0%, 1% and 2% to the volume of concrete. The studies were conducted on 12 different combinations of bagasse ash and steel scrap being used in M20 grade of concrete. The parameters studied include compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. The results are compared with conventional concrete and, the optimum combination of using both bagasse ash as a partial replacement material for cement and addition of steel scrap to the concrete, is determined.
{"title":"Study of Steel Scrap Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement ofCement with Bagasse Ash","authors":"S. PriyeshPkandSenthilSelvan","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000450","url":null,"abstract":"According to the report published by United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization in 2017, it is estimated that India presently produces 341.2 million metric tonnes of sugarcane, proving the fact that India is the second largest sugarcane producer on the globe. Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous waste product recovered from the Sugar milling industry. There is an increasing threat of disposing the bagasse ash, as it causes serious environmental hazards. Hence, there is an immediate need to find an alternative solution to use the waste product in the form of bagasse ash, in an effective manner. Thus, this paper dealt with the replacement of cement using the bash in concrete. Furthermore, there has been numerous research made, into using steel fibre in concrete. Similar to steel fibre is steel scrap, which is a waste material from Lathe machines. Thereby, this paper will also deal with addition of steel scrap to the concrete, as the latter is much cheaper than steel fibres, which are normally used. Hence, a comprehensive study is made in the research, where concrete is prepared by partially replacing cement by bagasse ash and adding steel scrap to the volume of concrete, as a whole. Here, cement is partially replaced by bagasse ash by 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement in concrete. Similarly, steel scrap is added at dosage of 0%, 1% and 2% to the volume of concrete. The studies were conducted on 12 different combinations of bagasse ash and steel scrap being used in M20 grade of concrete. The parameters studied include compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. The results are compared with conventional concrete and, the optimum combination of using both bagasse ash as a partial replacement material for cement and addition of steel scrap to the concrete, is determined.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89557634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-22DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000446
A. Duarte, Growene W Queirós, L. Sánchez, G. D. S. Jm, Criado Portal Aj
The technologies of manufacture of medieval and modern weapons in Spain and Japan, keep a very remarkable similarity. Through different paths and sensitivities, the use of steel was achieved with a common idea: hardness, resistance and toughness; all combined in a single set of steel.
{"title":"Welding by Hot Forging of Two Carbon Steels for the Manufacture of Spanish and Japanese Weapons","authors":"A. Duarte, Growene W Queirós, L. Sánchez, G. D. S. Jm, Criado Portal Aj","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000446","url":null,"abstract":"The technologies of manufacture of medieval and modern weapons in Spain and Japan, keep a very remarkable similarity. Through different paths and sensitivities, the use of steel was achieved with a common idea: hardness, resistance and toughness; all combined in a single set of steel.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85014779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000439
T. Elwi
The objective of this paper is to study intensively the design of a printed slotted patch based lotus shape structure mounted on a dielectric substrate backed with an electromagnetic band Gap (EBG) layer for wideband applications. The dielectric substrate is made of a Roger RT/duroid®5880 layer. An EBG layer is introduced on the back profile of the substrate to provide a high gain bandwidth product over wide frequency bands. The antenna is fed with a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure of a flared geometry; therefore, the ground plane is mounted on the same substrate surface with the patch structure. A conductive trace is introduced at the substrate back from the bottom connected to the CPW through two shoring plates to remove the effects of the EBG layer on the feed structure. The EBG performance and the antenna design methodology are discussed using analytical analyses and numerical parametric studies, respectively. The numerical simulation is conducted using CST MWS Finally; the optimal antenna design is fabricated and measured for validation to be compared to the simulated results.
{"title":"A Slotted Lotus Shaped Microstrip Antenna based an EBG Structure","authors":"T. Elwi","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000439","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to study intensively the design of a printed slotted patch based lotus shape structure mounted on a dielectric substrate backed with an electromagnetic band Gap (EBG) layer for wideband applications. The dielectric substrate is made of a Roger RT/duroid®5880 layer. An EBG layer is introduced on the back profile of the substrate to provide a high gain bandwidth product over wide frequency bands. The antenna is fed with a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure of a flared geometry; therefore, the ground plane is mounted on the same substrate surface with the patch structure. A conductive trace is introduced at the substrate back from the bottom connected to the CPW through two shoring plates to remove the effects of the EBG layer on the feed structure. The EBG performance and the antenna design methodology are discussed using analytical analyses and numerical parametric studies, respectively. The numerical simulation is conducted using CST MWS Finally; the optimal antenna design is fabricated and measured for validation to be compared to the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81944876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000438
J. Roberts
The mathematics of quantum physics from the standard model using groups U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3) and the Pauli principle produces two sets of time independent quantum states n(n+1) and n(n-1) where n is the principal quantum number. Oscillations between these states result in a one to one mapping with the Roberts-Janet Nuclear Periodic Table by interpretation of n>0 for condensed matter and n<0 for plasma prior to fusion. The mechanism provides a framework for Periodic Tables for every supernova by excluding mass number. In the lower half of the table occupation by bosons leads to increased energy densities in which an ensemble of outcomes is discussed. An hypothesis of string theory is proposed at the nuclear end of the table merging into quantum loop gravity at the condensed matter at the top end of the table.
{"title":"Implications of the link between the Periodic Table and the Standard Model","authors":"J. Roberts","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000438","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematics of quantum physics from the standard model using groups U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3) and the Pauli principle produces two sets of time independent quantum states n(n+1) and n(n-1) where n is the principal quantum number. Oscillations between these states result in a one to one mapping with the Roberts-Janet Nuclear Periodic Table by interpretation of n>0 for condensed matter and n<0 for plasma prior to fusion. The mechanism provides a framework for Periodic Tables for every supernova by excluding mass number. In the lower half of the table occupation by bosons leads to increased energy densities in which an ensemble of outcomes is discussed. An hypothesis of string theory is proposed at the nuclear end of the table merging into quantum loop gravity at the condensed matter at the top end of the table.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78308237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000434
C. Graham, Lorenz Be, M. Citrin, D. Greenstein, R. Xu
Dilatometry has been used to confirm that the reversion of deformation-induced martensite in Type 304 stainless steel occurs principally sin the temperature range 425 to 650°C, and to show that the reversion is a thermal or not diffusion controlled. An attempt to correlate the change in length of cold-drawn 304 wire samples on heating to 800°C with the martensite content determined from the measured saturation magnetization was only qualitatively successful. The heat of reversion of martensite in cold-drawn wire samples was found by differential scanning calorimetry to be in the range 1800 to 2200 J/mol in cold-drawn 304 wires, in reasonable agreement with values for the heat of formation of martensite in 4340 steel determined by a completely different method. We also observe an exothermic reaction near 650°C of a few hundred J/mol which we ascribe to the recrystallization of cold-worked austenite.
{"title":"Reversion of Martensite in 304 Stainless Steel Studied by Dilatometry and Calorimetry","authors":"C. Graham, Lorenz Be, M. Citrin, D. Greenstein, R. Xu","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000434","url":null,"abstract":"Dilatometry has been used to confirm that the reversion of deformation-induced martensite in Type 304 stainless steel occurs principally sin the temperature range 425 to 650°C, and to show that the reversion is a thermal or not diffusion controlled. An attempt to correlate the change in length of cold-drawn 304 wire samples on heating to 800°C with the martensite content determined from the measured saturation magnetization was only qualitatively successful. The heat of reversion of martensite in cold-drawn wire samples was found by differential scanning calorimetry to be in the range 1800 to 2200 J/mol in cold-drawn 304 wires, in reasonable agreement with values for the heat of formation of martensite in 4340 steel determined by a completely different method. We also observe an exothermic reaction near 650°C of a few hundred J/mol which we ascribe to the recrystallization of cold-worked austenite.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83368981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-20DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000435
T. Ohno, T. Abe, H. Sugi
Using three antibodies to myosin head, attaching to (1) distal region and (2) proximal region of myosin head catalytic domain, and (3) to myosin head lever arm domain, respectively, we have shown definite differences between in vitro actin-myosin sliding and muscle contraction. In the present study, we studied the effect of these antibodies on the development of rigor tension and stiffness in single skinned muscle fibers at pCa>9. To form rigor actin-myosin linkages, myosin heads should override tropomyosin, covering myosin-binding sites on actin, and to detach antibodies from them. Despite their different attachment sites in myosin head, all these antibodies slowed down development of rigor tension and stiffness with or without changing their peak values. The rigor tension versus stiffness relation was highly variable, suggesting that the rigor tension reflects the sum of tension in individual rigor linkages, while rigor stiffness represents the total number of rigor linkages. Dummy antibody had no effect on the development of rigor state. These results indicate that the action of myosin heads overriding tropomyosin is inhibited by the antibodies, so that development of rigor state is slowed down due to gradual detachment of the antibodies from individual myosin heads. Highlights The effect of three antibodies, attaching to different regions in myosin heads on the development of rigor state was examined at pCa >9, using single skinned muscle fibers. Despite their different binding sites on myosin, all the antibodies slowed down development of rigor tension and stiffness with or without changes in their peak values. The rigor tension versus stiffness relation was highly variable, suggesting that rigor tension reflects the sum of tension generated by individual myosin heads, while stiffness serves as a measure of total number of rigor linkages. These results indicate that the antibodies inhibit myosin head movement to override tropomyosin, and detachment of the antibodies from myosin heads is necessary prerequisite for rigor linkage formation.
{"title":"Effect of Antibodies to Myosin Head on the Development of Rigor Tension and Stiffness in Skinned Muscle Fibers","authors":"T. Ohno, T. Abe, H. Sugi","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000435","url":null,"abstract":"Using three antibodies to myosin head, attaching to (1) distal region and (2) proximal region of myosin head catalytic domain, and (3) to myosin head lever arm domain, respectively, we have shown definite differences between in vitro actin-myosin sliding and muscle contraction. In the present study, we studied the effect of these antibodies on the development of rigor tension and stiffness in single skinned muscle fibers at pCa>9. To form rigor actin-myosin linkages, myosin heads should override tropomyosin, covering myosin-binding sites on actin, and to detach antibodies from them. Despite their different attachment sites in myosin head, all these antibodies slowed down development of rigor tension and stiffness with or without changing their peak values. The rigor tension versus stiffness relation was highly variable, suggesting that the rigor tension reflects the sum of tension in individual rigor linkages, while rigor stiffness represents the total number of rigor linkages. Dummy antibody had no effect on the development of rigor state. These results indicate that the action of myosin heads overriding tropomyosin is inhibited by the antibodies, so that development of rigor state is slowed down due to gradual detachment of the antibodies from individual myosin heads. Highlights The effect of three antibodies, attaching to different regions in myosin heads on the development of rigor state was examined at pCa >9, using single skinned muscle fibers. Despite their different binding sites on myosin, all the antibodies slowed down development of rigor tension and stiffness with or without changes in their peak values. The rigor tension versus stiffness relation was highly variable, suggesting that rigor tension reflects the sum of tension generated by individual myosin heads, while stiffness serves as a measure of total number of rigor linkages. These results indicate that the antibodies inhibit myosin head movement to override tropomyosin, and detachment of the antibodies from myosin heads is necessary prerequisite for rigor linkage formation.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90593952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000427
H. Haddad, I. Sbarski
Aspects of moulding technology have a great effect on the mechanical properties and curing behaviour of polymer concrete used to manufacture the base of precision tool machine. In this paper, the results and the analysis are both presented of an experimental investigation on the effects of moulding technology on polymer concrete (PC) used for manufacture the base of precision tool machine. Effect of voids population on compressive strength of polymer concrete was examined. Various frequencies were applied during the packing operation of the polymer concrete samples using the vibration table. The optimum frequency for vibration and for producing a PC sample with the highest compressive strength was found to be 18.9375 Hz, which resulted in 109 MPa compressive strength for basalt, sand and chalk composition. In addition influence of Dimethyl aniline (DMA) amount and moulding temperature on mixing process and the strength of matrix domain were experimented. The relation between time of viscosity build-up t (min), temperature T (°C) and DMA content C (%) were correlated. This relation was used to obtain the suitable time required for mixing to prevent the mixing while the polymeric binder reach the gelling time through the copolymerization process. Also mixing technology and its influence on mechanical properties of PC were investigated. The optimized mixing technology was reached. Enhancing certain aspects of moulding technology could lead to an elevation of the mechanical strength of PC that may assist in producing polymer concrete with a high level of compliance with the optimisation criteria for PC used in manufacturing bases for precision tool machinery.
{"title":"Optimization of Moulding Technology of Polymer Concrete Used for Manufacture Precision Tool Machine Bases","authors":"H. Haddad, I. Sbarski","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000427","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of moulding technology have a great effect on the mechanical properties and curing behaviour of polymer concrete used to manufacture the base of precision tool machine. In this paper, the results and the analysis are both presented of an experimental investigation on the effects of moulding technology on polymer concrete (PC) used for manufacture the base of precision tool machine. Effect of voids population on compressive strength of polymer concrete was examined. Various frequencies were applied during the packing operation of the polymer concrete samples using the vibration table. The optimum frequency for vibration and for producing a PC sample with the highest compressive strength was found to be 18.9375 Hz, which resulted in 109 MPa compressive strength for basalt, sand and chalk composition. In addition influence of Dimethyl aniline (DMA) amount and moulding temperature on mixing process and the strength of matrix domain were experimented. The relation between time of viscosity build-up t (min), temperature T (°C) and DMA content C (%) were correlated. This relation was used to obtain the suitable time required for mixing to prevent the mixing while the polymeric binder reach the gelling time through the copolymerization process. Also mixing technology and its influence on mechanical properties of PC were investigated. The optimized mixing technology was reached. Enhancing certain aspects of moulding technology could lead to an elevation of the mechanical strength of PC that may assist in producing polymer concrete with a high level of compliance with the optimisation criteria for PC used in manufacturing bases for precision tool machinery.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73567365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-16DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000415
M. Ullah, Chunlei Wang, W. Su, A. Zaman, I. Ullah
Al2O3 and In2O3 co-doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) system have been studied for enhancing thermoelectric properties of ZnO. Al2O3 and In2O3 are doped with ZnO via solid-state solution method. The compositions were sintered at 1400°C in Argon atmosphere. The thermal and electrical properties of the system are investigated. The power factor of the order 481.8 μWK-2m-1 at 692.3°C and Seebeck coefficient of the order -133.99 μVK-1 at 691.4°C was obtained for the nominal formula (Zn1-x-yAlxIny)O, with x=0.02, y=0.05. It has been studied that power factor is a function of c/a ratio which is further a function of dopant concentration. The resistivities of all the compositions have been tuned and the lowest resistivity of the order 1.997 mΩ.cm at 692.3°C has been observed for the nominal formula (Zn1-x-yAlxIny) with x=0.02, y=0.01. These tuned resistivities will be helpful for future thermoelectric devices.
{"title":"Thermoelectric Properties, Phase Analysis, Microstructure Investigation and Lattice Parameters c/a Ratio of Al 3+ and In 3+ Substituted ZnO Sintered at High Temperature under Argon Atmosphere","authors":"M. Ullah, Chunlei Wang, W. Su, A. Zaman, I. Ullah","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000415","url":null,"abstract":"Al2O3 and In2O3 co-doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) system have been studied for enhancing thermoelectric properties of ZnO. Al2O3 and In2O3 are doped with ZnO via solid-state solution method. The compositions were sintered at 1400°C in Argon atmosphere. The thermal and electrical properties of the system are investigated. The power factor of the order 481.8 μWK-2m-1 at 692.3°C and Seebeck coefficient of the order -133.99 μVK-1 at 691.4°C was obtained for the nominal formula (Zn1-x-yAlxIny)O, with x=0.02, y=0.05. It has been studied that power factor is a function of c/a ratio which is further a function of dopant concentration. The resistivities of all the compositions have been tuned and the lowest resistivity of the order 1.997 mΩ.cm at 692.3°C has been observed for the nominal formula (Zn1-x-yAlxIny) with x=0.02, y=0.01. These tuned resistivities will be helpful for future thermoelectric devices.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89420314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-15DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000421
Purnendu Mondal, S. Arunachalam
This paper will propose a complete solution with a novel simulation set up to get the final vibration data of seated human body inside an automobile structure without carrying out measurement tests. Furthermore, it will improve the existing technology in assessing the dynamic interaction between the human body and a car seat subjected to different conditions and establish a clear idea about the vibration effects, vibration transmissibility, damping, variable stiffness, natural frequencies, modal analysis, random vibration, harmonic aspects, mode superposition, response spectrum, transient effects etc. The research will provide a novel solution of the entire system rather than focussing only on a very specific portion of the system, thus, trying to close the gap in present technological areas and omitting the time consuming and expensive testing methods in the modern industries. This research will contribute a cutting edge landmark by providing a simulation model to predict final vibration level inside the human body and car seat to avoid the time consuming and expensive testing methods. It will help better understanding the impact and estimation of the vibration level inside the car seat and occupant human body. The non-linear dynamic aspects and efforts will be made to understand, characterize and optimize the level of vibration by establishing a computational simulations model of the car seat and the occupant to match the experimental results. Some technologies have been achieved to judge the dynamic interaction between the human body and a car seat, though such technologies cover only either vibration effects or dynamics or measurement techniques or small portion of the car and human body without considering all the real life factors like pre-stressed bodies, variable stiffness, equivalent stiffness and damping factors based on the behaviour of the human muscles, bones and postures. So, efforts will be made to establish numerical and simulation models for the non-linear bio-dynamics of the seated human body, polyurethane foam cushions, dynamic contacts between the human body and the seat, occupant under the real life car motion, vibration testing of the car seat and finally, to provide a comprehensive solution to judge the vibration levels, which eventually will lead the various industries to avoid the time consuming and expensive testing methods.
{"title":"Vibration Study in Human-Car Seat System: Overview and a Novel Simulation Technique","authors":"Purnendu Mondal, S. Arunachalam","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will propose a complete solution with a novel simulation set up to get the final vibration data of seated human body inside an automobile structure without carrying out measurement tests. Furthermore, it will improve the existing technology in assessing the dynamic interaction between the human body and a car seat subjected to different conditions and establish a clear idea about the vibration effects, vibration transmissibility, damping, variable stiffness, natural frequencies, modal analysis, random vibration, harmonic aspects, mode superposition, response spectrum, transient effects etc. The research will provide a novel solution of the entire system rather than focussing only on a very specific portion of the system, thus, trying to close the gap in present technological areas and omitting the time consuming and expensive testing methods in the modern industries. This research will contribute a cutting edge landmark by providing a simulation model to predict final vibration level inside the human body and car seat to avoid the time consuming and expensive testing methods. It will help better understanding the impact and estimation of the vibration level inside the car seat and occupant human body. \u0000The non-linear dynamic aspects and efforts will be made to understand, characterize and optimize the level of vibration by establishing a computational simulations model of the car seat and the occupant to match the experimental results. \u0000Some technologies have been achieved to judge the dynamic interaction between the human body and a car seat, though such technologies cover only either vibration effects or dynamics or measurement techniques or small portion of the car and human body without considering all the real life factors like pre-stressed bodies, variable stiffness, equivalent stiffness and damping factors based on the behaviour of the human muscles, bones and postures. \u0000So, efforts will be made to establish numerical and simulation models for the non-linear bio-dynamics of the seated human body, polyurethane foam cushions, dynamic contacts between the human body and the seat, occupant under the real life car motion, vibration testing of the car seat and finally, to provide a comprehensive solution to judge the vibration levels, which eventually will lead the various industries to avoid the time consuming and expensive testing methods.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":" 36","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91549573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-08DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000425
A. Owolabi, P. Megat-Yusoff
Natural cellulose fiber extract from Pandanus tectorius (Screw pine) leaves is comprehensively investigated as viable alternative for synthetic based fibers made from petro-chemical which is non-degradable and toxic. Pandanus tectorius leaves fiber is extracted and investigated as reinforcement in polymer composite for engineering applications. The habitant are easily found and grown along mangroves and in local jungles located at shallow water. The plant can grow up to 14 meters tall. In order to use these continuous cellulose fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, the microstructural analysis and yield content analysis were carried out using SEM micrographs to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. The alkaline, bleaching and combined alkaline-bleach treatment is utilized in extraction of the cellulose fiber to evaluate the effect on the mechanical property. The cellulose percentage of the fiber was increased as the concentration and soaking time were increased. The extraction process resulted in 73% cellulose percentage for 10 wt.% NaOH and 120 minutes treatment. Hence, it caused 87% increment in cellulose percentage compared to the untreated leaf.
{"title":"Characterization and Analysis of Extraction Process-parameter of Pandanus tectorius (Screw-pine) Natural Fiber for Polymer Composites","authors":"A. Owolabi, P. Megat-Yusoff","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000425","url":null,"abstract":"Natural cellulose fiber extract from Pandanus tectorius (Screw pine) leaves is comprehensively investigated as viable alternative for synthetic based fibers made from petro-chemical which is non-degradable and toxic. Pandanus tectorius leaves fiber is extracted and investigated as reinforcement in polymer composite for engineering applications. The habitant are easily found and grown along mangroves and in local jungles located at shallow water. The plant can grow up to 14 meters tall. In order to use these continuous cellulose fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, the microstructural analysis and yield content analysis were carried out using SEM micrographs to establish the certainty of using them as reinforcement fiber. The alkaline, bleaching and combined alkaline-bleach treatment is utilized in extraction of the cellulose fiber to evaluate the effect on the mechanical property. The cellulose percentage of the fiber was increased as the concentration and soaking time were increased. The extraction process resulted in 73% cellulose percentage for 10 wt.% NaOH and 120 minutes treatment. Hence, it caused 87% increment in cellulose percentage compared to the untreated leaf.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87615901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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