Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000433
J. ElMastour, El Qouatli Se, A. Zaroual, Chtaini Abdelilah
The aim of this work is to combine two methods for removing nitrate ions from concentrated aqueous solutions. This involves chelating and then reducing NO3- by EDTE modified carbon paste electrode (EDTA-CPE). We find that in the absence of EDTA on the carbon paste electrode surface, the nitrate reduction is almost impossible. The reduction of nitrate ions was invested on the surface of the EDTA-CPE, the cyclic voltammograms recorded in electrolytic medium 0.1 M KCl, shows two reduction peaks, the first at -0.2 V, attributed to the reduction of nitrite ions (NO2-) and the second one at 0.8 V which corresponds to the reduction of nitrate to nitrite ions.
本研究的目的是结合两种方法从浓溶液中去除硝酸盐离子。这包括通过EDTE修饰的碳糊电极(EDTA-CPE)螯合然后还原NO3-。我们发现，在碳糊电极表面没有EDTA的情况下，硝酸还原几乎是不可能的。在0.1 M KCl电解介质中记录的循环伏安图显示出两个还原峰，第一个峰在-0.2 V时为亚硝酸盐离子(NO2-)的还原，第二个峰在0.8 V时为硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐离子。
{"title":"Electrochemical Chelation and Reduction of Nitrate Ion on EDTA Modified Carbon Paste Electrode","authors":"J. ElMastour, El Qouatli Se, A. Zaroual, Chtaini Abdelilah","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000433","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to combine two methods for removing nitrate ions from concentrated aqueous solutions. This involves chelating and then reducing NO3- by EDTE modified carbon paste electrode (EDTA-CPE). We find that in the absence of EDTA on the carbon paste electrode surface, the nitrate reduction is almost impossible. The reduction of nitrate ions was invested on the surface of the EDTA-CPE, the cyclic voltammograms recorded in electrolytic medium 0.1 M KCl, shows two reduction peaks, the first at -0.2 V, attributed to the reduction of nitrite ions (NO2-) and the second one at 0.8 V which corresponds to the reduction of nitrate to nitrite ions.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77799121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000445
Seong Min Park, Hyenjong Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Sung Kim, Yoonjong Yoo
This paper concerns an eco-friendly manufacturing process for low density compressed sheet gaskets used to maintain gastight properties regarding gases and liquids. The main raw materials in a low density compressed sheet gasket are latex, organic/inorganic textile, and fillers; in this research, a sheet gasket was continuously manufactured without using organic solvents through a method called the paper making process. The results demonstrated properties such as compressibility, recovery, tensile strength, oil resistance, and high temperature leakage, properties suitable for sealing materials. The production environment also improved dramatically as organic solvents were not used during the manufacturing process, and production efficiency was increased as well.
{"title":"Manufacturing of Sheet Gasket using a Paper Making Process without Organic Solvents","authors":"Seong Min Park, Hyenjong Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Sung Kim, Yoonjong Yoo","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000445","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns an eco-friendly manufacturing process for low density compressed sheet gaskets used to maintain gastight properties regarding gases and liquids. The main raw materials in a low density compressed sheet gasket are latex, organic/inorganic textile, and fillers; in this research, a sheet gasket was continuously manufactured without using organic solvents through a method called the paper making process. The results demonstrated properties such as compressibility, recovery, tensile strength, oil resistance, and high temperature leakage, properties suitable for sealing materials. The production environment also improved dramatically as organic solvents were not used during the manufacturing process, and production efficiency was increased as well.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89422600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000417
S. Nájera, Mónica Michel, J. Kyung-Hwan, N. Kim
The reproduction of a 3D bone structure with suitable porosity, which allows the flow of nutrients, blood, oxygen and mineral, remains a problem using conventional methods. A material that mimics their properties was developed by optimizing the ratio of a biodegradable blend of immiscible polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-e-caprolactone (PCL). In this study, PLA and PCL particularly optimize the strength of the artificial cancellous bone by supplying the initial support strength lasting 6 months to 2 years and allowing for the gradual degradation desired in the human body. This study focused on the mechanical properties of successfully printed 3D structures. The ultimate tensile strength was modified by blending different ratios of PLA and PCL resulting in an optimum value of approximately 30 MPa when the ratio of PLA to PCL reached 3:1. The addition of 1 wt.% of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the immiscible PLA/PCL composite and the modification of the interface area between them resulted in the formation of a binding force that allowed for an increase in the tensile strength up to 37 MPa. Besides the mechanical properties, the in vitro biocompatibility of PLA/ PCL/TiO2 composites was examined. A vigorous cell growth was observed in the cells cultivated with the PLA/PCL/TiO2 composites and the unimpeded ability to differentiate into osteoblast also was found. The resulting properties of the 3D printed structures indicate promising applications in the fields of bone tissue engineering and cancellous bone grafting.
{"title":"Characterization of 3D Printed PLA/PCL/TiO 2 Composites for Cancellous Bone","authors":"S. Nájera, Mónica Michel, J. Kyung-Hwan, N. Kim","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000417","url":null,"abstract":"The reproduction of a 3D bone structure with suitable porosity, which allows the flow of nutrients, blood, oxygen and mineral, remains a problem using conventional methods. A material that mimics their properties was developed by optimizing the ratio of a biodegradable blend of immiscible polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-e-caprolactone (PCL). In this study, PLA and PCL particularly optimize the strength of the artificial cancellous bone by supplying the initial support strength lasting 6 months to 2 years and allowing for the gradual degradation desired in the human body. This study focused on the mechanical properties of successfully printed 3D structures. The ultimate tensile strength was modified by blending different ratios of PLA and PCL resulting in an optimum value of approximately 30 MPa when the ratio of PLA to PCL reached 3:1. The addition of 1 wt.% of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the immiscible PLA/PCL composite and the modification of the interface area between them resulted in the formation of a binding force that allowed for an increase in the tensile strength up to 37 MPa. Besides the mechanical properties, the in vitro biocompatibility of PLA/ PCL/TiO2 composites was examined. A vigorous cell growth was observed in the cells cultivated with the PLA/PCL/TiO2 composites and the unimpeded ability to differentiate into osteoblast also was found. The resulting properties of the 3D printed structures indicate promising applications in the fields of bone tissue engineering and cancellous bone grafting.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89026897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000426
S. Chaen, H. Sugi
In giant intermodal cells of green algae Chara collaria, cytoplasmic streaming is produced by ATP-dependent sliding between myosin heads extending from amorphous cytoplasmic organelles and actin filament arrays (actin cables) fixed on chloroplast rows. The velocity of cytoplasmic streaming is many times faster than the maximum myofilament sliding in skeletal muscle. In this article, we compared steady-state force-velocity (P-V) relations between cytoplasmic myosin and skeletal and cardiac muscle myosins using the centrifuge microscope, in which myosincoated latex beads were made to slide along the actin cables under various centrifugal forces. In contrast with the hyperbolic P-V relation of actin-myosin sliding in skeletal and cardiac myosins, the P-V relation of cytoplasmic myosin versus actin cable sliding was a straight line, indicating a very large duty ratio and a very small rate of chemomechanical energy conversion. Possible mechanisms of the ultra-fast actin-myosin sliding are discussed.Highlights• The velocity of cytoplasmic streaming, caused by ATP-dependent sliding between cytoplasmic myosin and actin cables in giant algal cells is many times faster than ATP-dependent actin-myosin sliding in skeletal and cardiac muscles.• The mechanism of ultra-fast actin-myosin sliding was studied using the centrifuge microscope, in which beads coated with cytoplasmic myosin were made to slide along actin cables under various centrifugal forces serving as loads against cytoplasmic myosin versus actin cable sliding.• Unlike the hyperbolic force-velocity (P-V) relation of skeletal and cardiac muscle actin-myosin sliding, the P-V relation of cytoplasmic actin myosin sliding was a straight line irrespective of the force generated by cytoplasmic myosin.• These results indicate a very large duty ratio and a very small efficiency of chemo-mechanical energy conversion in cytoplasmic actin-myosin sliding.
{"title":"Mechanism of Ultra-Fast Actin-Myosin Sliding Producing Cytoplasmic Streaming in Giant Algal Cell, Studied Using the Centrifuge Microscope","authors":"S. Chaen, H. Sugi","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000426","url":null,"abstract":"In giant intermodal cells of green algae Chara collaria, cytoplasmic streaming is produced by ATP-dependent sliding between myosin heads extending from amorphous cytoplasmic organelles and actin filament arrays (actin cables) fixed on chloroplast rows. The velocity of cytoplasmic streaming is many times faster than the maximum myofilament sliding in skeletal muscle. In this article, we compared steady-state force-velocity (P-V) relations between cytoplasmic myosin and skeletal and cardiac muscle myosins using the centrifuge microscope, in which myosincoated latex beads were made to slide along the actin cables under various centrifugal forces. In contrast with the hyperbolic P-V relation of actin-myosin sliding in skeletal and cardiac myosins, the P-V relation of cytoplasmic myosin versus actin cable sliding was a straight line, indicating a very large duty ratio and a very small rate of chemomechanical energy conversion. Possible mechanisms of the ultra-fast actin-myosin sliding are discussed.Highlights• The velocity of cytoplasmic streaming, caused by ATP-dependent sliding between cytoplasmic myosin and actin cables in giant algal cells is many times faster than ATP-dependent actin-myosin sliding in skeletal and cardiac muscles.• The mechanism of ultra-fast actin-myosin sliding was studied using the centrifuge microscope, in which beads coated with cytoplasmic myosin were made to slide along actin cables under various centrifugal forces serving as loads against cytoplasmic myosin versus actin cable sliding.• Unlike the hyperbolic force-velocity (P-V) relation of skeletal and cardiac muscle actin-myosin sliding, the P-V relation of cytoplasmic actin myosin sliding was a straight line irrespective of the force generated by cytoplasmic myosin.• These results indicate a very large duty ratio and a very small efficiency of chemo-mechanical energy conversion in cytoplasmic actin-myosin sliding.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88852738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000412
P. Sivanathan
The investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding on chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenitic stainless steels 304 at ambient temperature condition. The U-bend tests with thickness 13 mm as per ASTM G 30 were used to investigate the effect of surface grinding on chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenitic stainless steel 304 in a corrosive atmosphere containing sodium chloride at ambient temperature. At a high level of tensile residual stress had developed the pits on U-bend specimen surface at ambient temperature with the presence of low to high chloride concentration level. The experimental results recommend that develop a proper metallurgical fabrication criteria, specification, and procedures for pressure vessels to avoid a recurrence in future.
研究了常温条件下表面磨削对304奥氏体不锈钢氯致应力腐蚀开裂(CISCC)的影响。采用ASTM G 30标准厚度为13mm的u型弯头试验，研究了常温含氯化钠腐蚀气氛中表面磨削对奥氏体不锈钢304氯致应力腐蚀开裂(CISCC)的影响。在高水平的拉伸残余应力下，在环境温度下，低至高氯化物浓度存在时，u型弯头试样表面出现了凹坑。实验结果建议为压力容器制定适当的冶金制造标准、规范和程序，以避免将来再次发生。
{"title":"A Study on the Effect of Surface Grinding on Chloride Induced Pitting Initiation of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 under Thermal Insulation at Ambient Temperature","authors":"P. Sivanathan","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000412","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding on chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenitic stainless steels 304 at ambient temperature condition. The U-bend tests with thickness 13 mm as per ASTM G 30 were used to investigate the effect of surface grinding on chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenitic stainless steel 304 in a corrosive atmosphere containing sodium chloride at ambient temperature. At a high level of tensile residual stress had developed the pits on U-bend specimen surface at ambient temperature with the presence of low to high chloride concentration level. The experimental results recommend that develop a proper metallurgical fabrication criteria, specification, and procedures for pressure vessels to avoid a recurrence in future.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"148 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87547649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000499
A. Baitukha, Iman Al-dybiat, Azadeh Valinataj-Omran, J. Pulpytel, M. Pocard, Massoud Mirsha’shi, F. Arefi-Khonsari
For targeting the cancer cells, a low pressure ICP reactor was utilised to fabricate a drug delivery system. On the surface of biocompatible collagen membranes, thin plasma polymer coatings were deposited to encapsulate an anticancer drug carboplatin and impart different biologically active functionalities. The characteristics of the deposited films were analysed by FTIR and XPS and the overall functionalities were tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments on the cancer cells lines on the cancer nodules respectively. Preliminary results of fabricated drug delivery systems showed the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumour growth in mice models by 2.8 folds in mass compared to the control case
{"title":"Low Pressure Plasma Processing of Collagen Membranes for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery","authors":"A. Baitukha, Iman Al-dybiat, Azadeh Valinataj-Omran, J. Pulpytel, M. Pocard, Massoud Mirsha’shi, F. Arefi-Khonsari","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000499","url":null,"abstract":"For targeting the cancer cells, a low pressure ICP reactor was utilised to fabricate a drug delivery system. On the surface of biocompatible collagen membranes, thin plasma polymer coatings were deposited to encapsulate an anticancer drug carboplatin and impart different biologically active functionalities. The characteristics of the deposited films were analysed by FTIR and XPS and the overall functionalities were tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments on the cancer cells lines on the cancer nodules respectively. Preliminary results of fabricated drug delivery systems showed the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumour growth in mice models by 2.8 folds in mass compared to the control case","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75686097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000419
G. Hitkari, S. Sandhya, P. Gajanan, M. K. Shrivash, Deepak Kumar
In the present work, Co3O4, 1% chromium doped Co3O4 (1% Cr:Co3O4), and 5% chromium doped Co3O4 (5% Cr:Co3O4) was successfully prepared by simple chemical co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400°C for 3 h. The synthesized nanoparticles materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis (BET), and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of cubic nature of nanoparticles while SEM images shown spherical structure. BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous behaviour of nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectra have been used to determine band gap and photo-oxidation behaviour of organic dye methyl orange. Experimental data suggested that 5% Cr:Co3O4 nanoparticles catalyst possessed the highest catalytic activity towards MB degradation in aqueous solution at the tested concentration level of 50 mg/L, higher than that of pure Co3O4.
{"title":"Synthesis of Chromium Doped Cobalt Oxide (Cr:Co 3 O 4 ) Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Method and Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties in the Visible Region","authors":"G. Hitkari, S. Sandhya, P. Gajanan, M. K. Shrivash, Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000419","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, Co3O4, 1% chromium doped Co3O4 (1% Cr:Co3O4), and 5% chromium doped Co3O4 (5% Cr:Co3O4) was successfully prepared by simple chemical co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400°C for 3 h. The synthesized nanoparticles materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis (BET), and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of cubic nature of nanoparticles while SEM images shown spherical structure. BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous behaviour of nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectra have been used to determine band gap and photo-oxidation behaviour of organic dye methyl orange. Experimental data suggested that 5% Cr:Co3O4 nanoparticles catalyst possessed the highest catalytic activity towards MB degradation in aqueous solution at the tested concentration level of 50 mg/L, higher than that of pure Co3O4.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82490986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000436
A. Sun
Magnetic Co3Pt films were sputtered on a Ru(0002)/Pt(111) bilayer on glass substrate at room temperature. The effects of a Ru buffer layer thickness (t nm) on magnetic properties and microstructures were studied. AFM surface roughness results revealed that the root mean square roughness (Rrms) of the Ru/Pt bilayer surface is smaller than 1.5 nm. Granular Ru topography was observed as t is larger than 7 nm, which played an important role in influencing the magnetic properties and microstructures of Co3Pt thin film. In this study, Ru(0002) grew along the Pt(111) underlayer and then became a template for epitaxially growing Co3Pt(0002) film, in order to enhance the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Maximum Hc were obtained as t=15, due to the columnar structure formed in the whole Co3Pt/Ru/ Pt film. It demonstrates that a Ru buffer layer is helpful to enhance the PMA of Co3Pt magnetic thin film and increase out-of-plane squareness (S⊥) and Hc.
{"title":"Growth of Columnar Co 3 Pt Strucrure with Ru Buffer Layer at Room Temperature","authors":"A. Sun","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000436","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Co3Pt films were sputtered on a Ru(0002)/Pt(111) bilayer on glass substrate at room temperature. The effects of a Ru buffer layer thickness (t nm) on magnetic properties and microstructures were studied. AFM surface roughness results revealed that the root mean square roughness (Rrms) of the Ru/Pt bilayer surface is smaller than 1.5 nm. Granular Ru topography was observed as t is larger than 7 nm, which played an important role in influencing the magnetic properties and microstructures of Co3Pt thin film. In this study, Ru(0002) grew along the Pt(111) underlayer and then became a template for epitaxially growing Co3Pt(0002) film, in order to enhance the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Maximum Hc were obtained as t=15, due to the columnar structure formed in the whole Co3Pt/Ru/ Pt film. It demonstrates that a Ru buffer layer is helpful to enhance the PMA of Co3Pt magnetic thin film and increase out-of-plane squareness (S⊥) and Hc.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"256 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000442
J. Rodrigues, Fernandes Ajs, T. Monteiro, F. Costa
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile semiconductor with major importance from the technological point of view, especially in fields of electronics and optoelectronics, due to its unique properties, namely wide band gap (3.37 eV at room temperature) and large exciton binding energy (60 meV). Moreover, this material can be grown by a large number of techniques and possess one of the richest varieties of morphologies. Due to its high vapour pressure and the fact that ZnO decomposes into atomic components near its melting temperature (1977°C) at atmospheric pressure, the vapour-based methods have been extensively explored. The method described in this paper, Laser- Assisted Flow Deposition (LAFD), has not been well explored until now and can be included in this group. This technique proved to be efficient in the production of ZnO micro/nanocrystals with different morphologies and with a very high crystalline and optical quality. This new process allows high yield of ZnO production, showing great prospects for scalable applications. In the present work, we review in detail the main growth parameters and their relationship with the produced morphologies, in addition to their influence in the structural and optical properties of the crystals. Furthermore, an assessment of the possible growth mechanisms that may be involved is reported. Some potential applications of the ZnO structures produced by LAFD were also evaluated, with focus on the photo catalysis and photovoltaic fields. Additionally, the possibility of synthesizing ZnO composite.
{"title":"A Review on the Laser-Assisted Flow Deposition Method: Growth of ZnO Nanostructures","authors":"J. Rodrigues, Fernandes Ajs, T. Monteiro, F. Costa","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000442","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile semiconductor with major importance from the technological point of view, especially in fields of electronics and optoelectronics, due to its unique properties, namely wide band gap (3.37 eV at room temperature) and large exciton binding energy (60 meV). Moreover, this material can be grown by a large number of techniques and possess one of the richest varieties of morphologies. Due to its high vapour pressure and the fact that ZnO decomposes into atomic components near its melting temperature (1977°C) at atmospheric pressure, the vapour-based methods have been extensively explored. The method described in this paper, Laser- Assisted Flow Deposition (LAFD), has not been well explored until now and can be included in this group. This technique proved to be efficient in the production of ZnO micro/nanocrystals with different morphologies and with a very high crystalline and optical quality. This new process allows high yield of ZnO production, showing great prospects for scalable applications. In the present work, we review in detail the main growth parameters and their relationship with the produced morphologies, in addition to their influence in the structural and optical properties of the crystals. Furthermore, an assessment of the possible growth mechanisms that may be involved is reported. Some potential applications of the ZnO structures produced by LAFD were also evaluated, with focus on the photo catalysis and photovoltaic fields. Additionally, the possibility of synthesizing ZnO composite.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"140 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86739427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022.1000447
Jakpa Wizi, Gangwei Pan, Xiuliang Hou, Yiqi Yang
Sorghum is a staple food around the world. As the demand for the grain soars, there is an equivalent increase in the quantity of sorghum husk generated. Sorghum husk is a promising resource as a natural functional dye. Sorghum is enriched with phytochemicals such as tannins, phenolic acids and anthocyanins which have health benefits. Colorant from the husk was used to dye cotton. Cotton was pretreated with alkaline and dyed at a temperature range of 80°C-130°C. An untreated sample was used as control. The colorant was extracted from Sorghum husk with ultrasound-microwave machine and 70% ethanol//30% water with 1ml HCl per 100 ml as solvent at 55°C for 20 mins. The extraction yield was yield of 16.7%. Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction method with blended solvent 70% ethanol/30% water with HCl significantly improved extraction of biocolorants from sorghum husk. The extracted colorant was used to dyed alkaline treated fabric and the fabric had better colorfastness to laundry, crocking and light and better UV protection. The optimum dyeing temperature was 100°C. The use of sorghum husk as a source of colorant can find application in industry and significantly add value to the sorghum plant and reduce the disposal of sorghum husk.
{"title":"Effect of Alkaline Pre-Treatment and Temperature on Cotton Uptake of Sorghum Husk Extract","authors":"Jakpa Wizi, Gangwei Pan, Xiuliang Hou, Yiqi Yang","doi":"10.4172/2169-0022.1000447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.1000447","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is a staple food around the world. As the demand for the grain soars, there is an equivalent increase in the quantity of sorghum husk generated. Sorghum husk is a promising resource as a natural functional dye. Sorghum is enriched with phytochemicals such as tannins, phenolic acids and anthocyanins which have health benefits. Colorant from the husk was used to dye cotton. Cotton was pretreated with alkaline and dyed at a temperature range of 80°C-130°C. An untreated sample was used as control. The colorant was extracted from Sorghum husk with ultrasound-microwave machine and 70% ethanol//30% water with 1ml HCl per 100 ml as solvent at 55°C for 20 mins. The extraction yield was yield of 16.7%. Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction method with blended solvent 70% ethanol/30% water with HCl significantly improved extraction of biocolorants from sorghum husk. The extracted colorant was used to dyed alkaline treated fabric and the fabric had better colorfastness to laundry, crocking and light and better UV protection. The optimum dyeing temperature was 100°C. The use of sorghum husk as a source of colorant can find application in industry and significantly add value to the sorghum plant and reduce the disposal of sorghum husk.","PeriodicalId":16326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74418075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：