Objective : The aim of this study was to correlate ankle brachial index (ABI) with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Material and methods : This was a hospital based interdisciplinary prospective study. A total of 100 patients in the age group of 30 to 80 years having peripheral vascular disease with predefined inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients with other causes of raised blood sugar or peripheral vascular disease were excluded by relevant investigations. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was calculated using sphygmomanometer, and Colour Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) was used to diagnose PVD. Both the ABI method and the CDU method were compared for detecting PVD. Results : In our study, mean age was 60.04 ± 5.03 years, mean body mass index was 27.10 ± 2.67 kg/m2 and mean duration of diabetes was 7.75 ± 1.50 years. Among the 68 diagnosed cases of PVD on CDU, 70.6% cases were detected to have PVD by the ABI method (true positive) whereas 20 (29.4%) cases remained undiagnosed when ABI alone was used for the diagnosis (false negative). Conversely, among 51 diagnosed cases of PVD by ABI method 5.9% cases were found to be normal on CDU (false positive). The ABI method was found to have specificity of 88.5% but the sensitivity was only 70.6%. Conclusion: ABI has a very high specificity but the sensitivity is low compared to colour Doppler ultrasound. Therefore, if ABI is abnormal, the diagnosis of PVD is almost certain but in symptomatic cases with normal ABI; colour Doppler should be performed to exclude the PVD. Keywords : Ankle Brachial Index, peripheral vascular disease, Colour Doppler Ultrasound, type 2 diabetes mellitus. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/57-02 Publication date : July 31 st 2019
{"title":"Correlation of Ankle Brachial Index with Peripheral Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. Razaq, Khudija Nayab, Mahrukh Fatima","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/57-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/57-02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : The aim of this study was to correlate ankle brachial index (ABI) with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Material and methods : This was a hospital based interdisciplinary prospective study. A total of 100 patients in the age group of 30 to 80 years having peripheral vascular disease with predefined inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients with other causes of raised blood sugar or peripheral vascular disease were excluded by relevant investigations. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was calculated using sphygmomanometer, and Colour Doppler Ultrasound (CDU) was used to diagnose PVD. Both the ABI method and the CDU method were compared for detecting PVD. Results : In our study, mean age was 60.04 ± 5.03 years, mean body mass index was 27.10 ± 2.67 kg/m2 and mean duration of diabetes was 7.75 ± 1.50 years. Among the 68 diagnosed cases of PVD on CDU, 70.6% cases were detected to have PVD by the ABI method (true positive) whereas 20 (29.4%) cases remained undiagnosed when ABI alone was used for the diagnosis (false negative). Conversely, among 51 diagnosed cases of PVD by ABI method 5.9% cases were found to be normal on CDU (false positive). The ABI method was found to have specificity of 88.5% but the sensitivity was only 70.6%. Conclusion: ABI has a very high specificity but the sensitivity is low compared to colour Doppler ultrasound. Therefore, if ABI is abnormal, the diagnosis of PVD is almost certain but in symptomatic cases with normal ABI; colour Doppler should be performed to exclude the PVD. Keywords : Ankle Brachial Index, peripheral vascular disease, Colour Doppler Ultrasound, type 2 diabetes mellitus. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/57-02 Publication date : July 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78501178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shafqat, Sameen Asghar, Qandeel Arshad, Shakeel Ahmad
Objective: to compare the effectiveness of caudal bupivacain alone and bupivacaine with ketamine in terms of duration of analgesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Duration and Place: Department of Anaesthesia Quid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from May 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Study was started after approval from local ethical committee a parental consent was obtained after complete information of study. Main outcome variables are duration of analgesia, pain score, Bromage score. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.1. P value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group A was 5.80±2.71 hours and 4.45±0.51 hours, respectively. While, the mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group B was 12.53±2.51 hours and 4.52±0.53 hours, respectively. Statistically significant was observed in duration of analgesia. P value 0.000. Conclusion: Combination of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and bupivacain 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia toa significant range in comparison with bupivacaine 25% of 1 ml/kg alone. Keywords: Caudal block, Spinal anesthesia, Bupivacain, Ketamine, analgesia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-01 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
目的:比较布比卡因单独用药与布比卡因与氯胺酮联合用药镇痛时间的差异。研究设计:随机对照试验。时间和地点:2018年5月至2019年5月，巴哈瓦尔布尔Quid e Azam医学院麻醉科。方法:研究在获得当地伦理委员会的批准后开始，并在完整的研究信息后获得家长的同意。主要结局变量为镇痛时间、疼痛评分、Bromage评分。数据分析采用SPSS 23.1版。P值≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:A组患者术后平均镇痛时间为5.80±2.71小时，平均排尿时间为4.45±0.51小时。B组患者术后平均镇痛时间为12.53±2.51小时，平均排尿时间为4.52±0.53小时。镇痛时间差异有统计学意义。P值0.000。结论:氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg联合布比卡因0.25%，剂量为1 ml/kg，与单独布比卡因25%，剂量为1 ml/kg相比，术后镇痛时间明显延长。关键词:尾侧阻滞，脊髓麻醉，布比卡因，氯胺酮，镇痛。DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/56-01出版日期:2019年5月31日
{"title":"Caudal bupivacaine alone versus bupivacaine with ketamine to compare postoperative analgesia","authors":"E. Shafqat, Sameen Asghar, Qandeel Arshad, Shakeel Ahmad","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/56-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/56-01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to compare the effectiveness of caudal bupivacain alone and bupivacaine with ketamine in terms of duration of analgesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Duration and Place: Department of Anaesthesia Quid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur from May 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Study was started after approval from local ethical committee a parental consent was obtained after complete information of study. Main outcome variables are duration of analgesia, pain score, Bromage score. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 23.1. P value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group A was 5.80±2.71 hours and 4.45±0.51 hours, respectively. While, the mean duration of analgesia and time taken to void urine after surgery of the Group B was 12.53±2.51 hours and 4.52±0.53 hours, respectively. Statistically significant was observed in duration of analgesia. P value 0.000. Conclusion: Combination of Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and bupivacain 0.25% in a dose of 1 ml/kg prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia toa significant range in comparison with bupivacaine 25% of 1 ml/kg alone. Keywords: Caudal block, Spinal anesthesia, Bupivacain, Ketamine, analgesia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-01 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Nishtar Medical University Hospital and Jinnah Hosptal, Lahore. From January 2017 to July 2018. Material and Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between ages 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/54-07 Publication date : April 30 th 2019
{"title":"Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Clearance of Secretions in Mechanical Ventilated Patients","authors":"Sana Maqsood, Sehrish Saeed, Zeeshan Anjum","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/56-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/56-02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients Study Design: A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Nishtar Medical University Hospital and Jinnah Hosptal, Lahore. From January 2017 to July 2018. Material and Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between ages 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/54-07 Publication date : April 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84837338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background; Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem which is related with significant disease morbidity. Hemodialysis is a life saving modality but it is also associated with certain cardiovascular complications which do compromise quality of life of these patients. This study was conducted to document the frequency of cardiac complications in patients with end – stage renal disease. Objective: To Determine the Frequency of Acute cardiac Complications in children with end-stage renal disease undergoing Hemodialysis. Material and Methods; The patients going for dialysis were completely assessed clinically by the doctor before the start of procedure. Continuous monitoring of BP, Pulse and ECG was done during the whole procedure using cardiac monitor, readings were recorded every 30 minutes. Results; Mean age of our study cases was 11.31 ± 2.63 years. Of these 231 study cases, 154 (66.7%) were boys while 77 (33.3%) were girls. Mean duration of the disease was 16.78 ± 9. 42 months. Mean duration on hemodialysis was 11.91 ± 7.06 months. Of these 231 study cases, 127 (54.97%) were from rural areas and 104 (45.03%) were from urban areas. Arrhythmia was seen in (3.9%), intradialytic hypotension in 39 (16.9%) and intradialytic hypertension in 48 (20.8%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Intradialytic Hypertension and hypotension are the major complications of the hemodialysis in our study. Cardiovascular complications were significantly associated with disease duration and duration on hemodialysis. Early diagnosis and proper monitoring of these patients can help reduce disease morbidity and improve quality of life of these patients. Keywords; acute complications, hemodialysis, arrhythmia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-10 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"FREQEUNCY OF ACUTE CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE.","authors":"A. Bari, A. Tareen, S. Saleem","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-10","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem which is related with significant disease morbidity. Hemodialysis is a life saving modality but it is also associated with certain cardiovascular complications which do compromise quality of life of these patients. This study was conducted to document the frequency of cardiac complications in patients with end – stage renal disease. Objective: To Determine the Frequency of Acute cardiac Complications in children with end-stage renal disease undergoing Hemodialysis. Material and Methods; The patients going for dialysis were completely assessed clinically by the doctor before the start of procedure. Continuous monitoring of BP, Pulse and ECG was done during the whole procedure using cardiac monitor, readings were recorded every 30 minutes. Results; Mean age of our study cases was 11.31 ± 2.63 years. Of these 231 study cases, 154 (66.7%) were boys while 77 (33.3%) were girls. Mean duration of the disease was 16.78 ± 9. 42 months. Mean duration on hemodialysis was 11.91 ± 7.06 months. Of these 231 study cases, 127 (54.97%) were from rural areas and 104 (45.03%) were from urban areas. Arrhythmia was seen in (3.9%), intradialytic hypotension in 39 (16.9%) and intradialytic hypertension in 48 (20.8%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Intradialytic Hypertension and hypotension are the major complications of the hemodialysis in our study. Cardiovascular complications were significantly associated with disease duration and duration on hemodialysis. Early diagnosis and proper monitoring of these patients can help reduce disease morbidity and improve quality of life of these patients. Keywords; acute complications, hemodialysis, arrhythmia. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-10 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87236170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To measure the concentration and role of malondialdehyde to determine oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparing them with healthy individuals. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 180 patients of age 49 to 70 years and both gender. Study was completed in the department of physiology Sheikh Zaid Medical College, Quid e Azam Medical college and Lahore General Hospital, from October 2017 to October 2018. Study was started after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from the patients. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data related to study. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age and Serum MDA concentration, categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages like gender. Post operative chi square test was applied and p value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=180) patients were included, in this study. The study group was further divided into two equal groups, 50% (n=90) in each, i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and control group. RA group patients include those diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis clinically and through lab investigations and control group consist of normal healthy adults. The serum MDA levels in the RA patients were 3.97±1.03 nmoles/ml and it was 1.59±0.32 nmol/ml in control patients. The difference was statistically significant (t=20.87, p=0.001). Conclusion: the observations of our study showed statistically significant raised serum Malondialdehyde level as compared to control group. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lipid per oxidation, Free radicals. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-18 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
目的:测定丙二醛浓度及其在类风湿关节炎患者氧化应激中的作用，并与健康人进行比较。方法:本横断面研究对180例年龄在49 ~ 70岁的男女患者进行了研究。研究于2017年10月至2018年10月在谢赫扎伊德医学院、Quid e Azam医学院和拉合尔总医院的生理学系完成。在获得患者的伦理批准和知情同意后开始研究。使用SPSS version 23对研究相关数据进行分析。连续变量以年龄、血清MDA浓度等平均值和标准差表示，分类变量以性别等数字和百分比表示。术后采用卡方检验，p值小于等于0.05为显著性。结果:总体而言，100% (n=180)的患者被纳入本研究。将研究组进一步分为两组，每组50% (n=90)，即类风湿关节炎(RA)组和对照组。类风湿关节炎组包括临床诊断为类风湿关节炎并经实验室检查的患者，对照组由正常健康成人组成。RA患者血清MDA水平为3.97±1.03 nmol/ml，对照组为1.59±0.32 nmol/ml。差异有统计学意义(t=20.87, p=0.001)。结论:本研究结果显示，与对照组相比，血清丙二醛水平明显升高。关键词:丙二醛，类风湿性关节炎，脂质过氧化，自由基DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/55-18出版日期:2019年5月31日
{"title":"SERUM MALONDIALDEHYDE AS PREDICTOR OF OXDATIVE STRESS IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.","authors":"Z. Azher, Iqra Altaf, A. Mirza","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To measure the concentration and role of malondialdehyde to determine oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparing them with healthy individuals. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted on 180 patients of age 49 to 70 years and both gender. Study was completed in the department of physiology Sheikh Zaid Medical College, Quid e Azam Medical college and Lahore General Hospital, from October 2017 to October 2018. Study was started after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent from the patients. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data related to study. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age and Serum MDA concentration, categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages like gender. Post operative chi square test was applied and p value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=180) patients were included, in this study. The study group was further divided into two equal groups, 50% (n=90) in each, i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and control group. RA group patients include those diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis clinically and through lab investigations and control group consist of normal healthy adults. The serum MDA levels in the RA patients were 3.97±1.03 nmoles/ml and it was 1.59±0.32 nmol/ml in control patients. The difference was statistically significant (t=20.87, p=0.001). Conclusion: the observations of our study showed statistically significant raised serum Malondialdehyde level as compared to control group. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lipid per oxidation, Free radicals. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-18 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83932500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background; Recent data from various parts of the world have led to the conclusion that more than 80 % of CVD deaths occur in developing countries like Pakistan. This high burden of heart diseases is largely attributed to the industrial and technological progress which is associated with economic and social transformations which have lead to life style modification and sedentary life style. This study was planned to ascertain mortality rate of premature coronary artery disease in patients with AMI as it directly affects main workforce of our national economy. Objective; To determine role of diabetes with mortality in premature coronary artery disease patients with acute myocardial infarction. Material and methods; A total of 145 patients having premature coronary artery disease presenting with acute myocardial infarction were included in this descriptive study. This study was conducted in the department of medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June 2018 to May 2019. These patients were followed during current hospitalization to see mortality in these patients and all the findings were noted in the proforma. Results; Of these 145 study cases, 96 (66.2%) were male patients and 49 (33.8%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 47.67 ± 7.59 years. Mean time taken before presentation at hospital was 113.79 ± 54.36 minutes. Hypertension was present in 58 (40%), smoking in 39 (26.9%), family history of IHD in 67 (46.2%) and obesity in 49 (33.8%) of our study cases. Mortality was noted to be in 19 (13.1%) of our study cases, post MI angina was seen in 36 (24.8%) and cardiogenic shock was noted in 29 (20%). Diabetes was present in 48 (33.1%) of our study cases while in – hospital mortality among diabetic patients was 18 /48 (37.5%) (p=0.001). Conclusion; Our study results indicate that diabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have high rates of mortality. Positive family history, hypertension, obesity and diabetes were major risk factors noted in our study. Life style modification and early screening of the cases with positive family history in first degree relatives can help prevent heart diseases in our population as it hits main workforce and has negative impact on national productivity. Keywords; Premature coronary artery disease, mortality, diabetes, Myocardial infarction. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-14 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"DIABETES AS A RISK FACTOR OF IN – HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE CORONAY DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.","authors":"H. Khan, Fakhar Iqbal, M. Habib","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background; Recent data from various parts of the world have led to the conclusion that more than 80 % of CVD deaths occur in developing countries like Pakistan. This high burden of heart diseases is largely attributed to the industrial and technological progress which is associated with economic and social transformations which have lead to life style modification and sedentary life style. This study was planned to ascertain mortality rate of premature coronary artery disease in patients with AMI as it directly affects main workforce of our national economy. Objective; To determine role of diabetes with mortality in premature coronary artery disease patients with acute myocardial infarction. Material and methods; A total of 145 patients having premature coronary artery disease presenting with acute myocardial infarction were included in this descriptive study. This study was conducted in the department of medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June 2018 to May 2019. These patients were followed during current hospitalization to see mortality in these patients and all the findings were noted in the proforma. Results; Of these 145 study cases, 96 (66.2%) were male patients and 49 (33.8%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 47.67 ± 7.59 years. Mean time taken before presentation at hospital was 113.79 ± 54.36 minutes. Hypertension was present in 58 (40%), smoking in 39 (26.9%), family history of IHD in 67 (46.2%) and obesity in 49 (33.8%) of our study cases. Mortality was noted to be in 19 (13.1%) of our study cases, post MI angina was seen in 36 (24.8%) and cardiogenic shock was noted in 29 (20%). Diabetes was present in 48 (33.1%) of our study cases while in – hospital mortality among diabetic patients was 18 /48 (37.5%) (p=0.001). Conclusion; Our study results indicate that diabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease having acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have high rates of mortality. Positive family history, hypertension, obesity and diabetes were major risk factors noted in our study. Life style modification and early screening of the cases with positive family history in first degree relatives can help prevent heart diseases in our population as it hits main workforce and has negative impact on national productivity. Keywords; Premature coronary artery disease, mortality, diabetes, Myocardial infarction. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-14 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79032675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ume Farwa, M. Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Amir Gilani
Introduction: Self-esteem and Life satisfaction assume a more prominent role in human development. There are a few components like Age, Gender and Socio-Economic status which influence self-esteem and life satisfaction. Socio-economic status of a nation may be a factor in people’s rating of their life satisfaction. Self-esteem has positive relation with students’ academic learning Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore. Data was gathered by nursing students of BSN and Post RN. Questionnaire which was used in this study was Self-esteem inventory and Life Satisfaction scale. Reliability of the scale test by Chronbach alpha . Data was analysed by SPSS and using Pearson correlation test to see the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction and socioeconomic status of the nursing students. Results: Results shows a positive correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction. Pearson correlation level was 1.000 and p value was .000 on 0.05 confidence level of interval which shows negative correlation results. Results also revealed a positive correlation of socio-economic status with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Conclusions : it is concluded that the relationship of socioeconomic status life satisfaction and self-esteem of the students affects their learning. High level of socioeconomic status can boost the self-esteem and life satisfaction of the students Keywords: Self-esteem, Life satisfaction, socioeconomic status, Nursing students DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/62-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
引言:自尊和生活满意度在人的发展中扮演着更加突出的角色。年龄、性别和社会经济地位等因素会影响自尊和生活满意度。一个国家的社会经济地位可能是人们对生活满意度评分的一个因素。自尊与学生学业学习方法呈正相关:在拉合尔大学拉合尔护理学院进行描述性相关研究。数据由本科护生和注册护士后的护生收集。本研究使用的问卷为自尊量表和生活满意度量表。采用Chronbach alpha量表检验信度。采用SPSS统计软件对数据进行分析，并采用Pearson相关检验，观察自尊与护生生活满意度、社会经济地位的关系。结果:自尊与生活满意度呈显著正相关。Pearson相关水平为1.000,p值为0.000，区间置信水平为0.05，呈负相关结果。结果还显示，社会经济地位与自尊和生活满意度呈正相关。结论:学生的社会经济地位、生活满意度和自尊对其学习有影响。关键词:自尊，生活满意度，社会经济地位，护生DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/62-19出版日期:May 31 st 2019
{"title":"The Role of Age, Gender and Socio-Economic Status in Self-esteem and Life Satisfaction of Nursing Students","authors":"Ume Farwa, M. Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Syed Amir Gilani","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Self-esteem and Life satisfaction assume a more prominent role in human development. There are a few components like Age, Gender and Socio-Economic status which influence self-esteem and life satisfaction. Socio-economic status of a nation may be a factor in people’s rating of their life satisfaction. Self-esteem has positive relation with students’ academic learning Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore. Data was gathered by nursing students of BSN and Post RN. Questionnaire which was used in this study was Self-esteem inventory and Life Satisfaction scale. Reliability of the scale test by Chronbach alpha . Data was analysed by SPSS and using Pearson correlation test to see the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction and socioeconomic status of the nursing students. Results: Results shows a positive correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction. Pearson correlation level was 1.000 and p value was .000 on 0.05 confidence level of interval which shows negative correlation results. Results also revealed a positive correlation of socio-economic status with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Conclusions : it is concluded that the relationship of socioeconomic status life satisfaction and self-esteem of the students affects their learning. High level of socioeconomic status can boost the self-esteem and life satisfaction of the students Keywords: Self-esteem, Life satisfaction, socioeconomic status, Nursing students DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/62-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77304214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Bahawal Victoria Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2018 to April 8, 2019. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results : Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
目的:探讨导致胎粪吸入综合征的各种因素的发生频率。材料与方法:本描述性横断面研究在木尔坦巴哈瓦尔维多利亚医院儿科医学部进行。为期6个月，即从2018年10月8日至2019年4月8日。采用非概率连续抽样技术。有声带染色和呼吸窘迫的新生儿纳入本研究。所有新生儿均行ABG及X线胸片检查。产后妊娠、IUGR、胎便厚、1、5分钟APGAR评分低等因素。所有收集到的数据都在SPSS version 23上输入和分析。采用卡方检验和T检验检验危险因素与胎粪吸入综合征的相关性。P值为0.05认为显著。结果:共入组150例婴儿，平均年龄37.37±18.96小时，男女性别比为1.03:1。产妇平均年龄28.85±6.602岁。胎便厚89例(59.33%)，顺产79例(52.7%)，产后妊娠68例(45.3%)，IUGR 52例(34.7%)，1 min APGAR评分差79例(52.7%)。结论:本研究结果显示，胎粪吸入综合征与产妇年龄(P值0.000)、妊娠后期(P值0.001)、IUGR (P值0.021)、5分钟APGAR评分差(P值0.034)、胎粪厚(P值0.000)有显著关系。关键词:日期，胎粪，综合征，APGAR，妊娠DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/55-19出版日期:2019年5月31日
{"title":"Frequency of various risk factors for Meconium aspiration syndrome","authors":"C. Ali, Aftab Gohar, Awais Jamil","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/55-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/55-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Bahawal Victoria Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2018 to April 8, 2019. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results : Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients. Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/55-19 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86629711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qandeel Arshad, Sameen Asghar, E. Shafqat, Shakeel Ahmad
Objective: to determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients. Study Design : A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study : Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Quid e Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. From January 2018 to June 2019. Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between age 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-02 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Role of N-Acetylcysteine in Clearance of Secretions in Mechanical Ventilated Patients","authors":"Qandeel Arshad, Sameen Asghar, E. Shafqat, Shakeel Ahmad","doi":"10.7176/jmpb/54-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jmpb/54-07","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine in mechanical ventilation in clearing the airway of these patients. Study Design : A Randomized Control Trial. Place and Duration of Study : Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit Quid e Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. From January 2018 to June 2019. Methods: In this project total 50 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling who remained on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were between age 15 to 80 years old. Written consent of this project was taken from relative of each patient. These patients were divided into two groups by lottery method into case and control. The case group received 2 ml of NAC 20% with 8 ml normal saline 3 times a day for 1 day. The control group only received 10 ml normal saline via their nebulizers 3 times a day at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 9 PM. Data was collected and was analyzed. SPSS 22 was used for this purpose. All numerical variables of this research such as mean FiO 2 , mean peak and plateau pressure of airway, mean blood pressure, mean age and importantly mean density of secretions were calculated. In these values t test was applied and p value was calculated. If it was less than .005, then it was considered significant. Similarly, qualitative data such as type of disease were calculated in percentage and chi square test was used to check the significance. Results: The mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 93.84±2.28, 94.27±2.33 and 94.08±1.81 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 23.16±3.49, 25.38±8.86 and 24.01±4.91 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 19.04±7.79, 21.37±4.86 and 21.85±8.93 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the controls was 1.04±0.024, 1.05±0.03 and 1.03±0.002 respectively. While, the mean O2 saturation of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 93.08±2.37, 94.61±2.56 and 94.11±2.34 respectively. The mean peak airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 26.58±5.81, 23.81±8.28 and 24.34±6.15 respectively. The mean plateau airway pressure of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 21.88±78.01, 24.88±6.67 and 23.51±7.55 respectively. The mean secretion density of baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours of the cases was 1.01±0.021, 1.08±0.022 and 1.008±0.0195 respectively. The differences were statistically insignificant. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. Conclusion: It is concluded from our observations that use of N-acetylcysteine in patients on mechanical ventilation is very effective in clearance of secretion and to maintain airway clear. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, normal saline DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/56-02 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":16339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81840684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Gender-based violence (GBV) involves men and women, whereby the female is the victim in most cases; it arises as a result of unequal power relationships between men and women. Violence is suffered by a woman because she is a woman, and violence extremely affects women [1]. Methods: This research exercise was conducted in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Awka. Questionnaires were checked for errors and omissions at the end of each day. Quantitative data were entered into the computer and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and appropriate test for associations. Cross – tabulations were done and chi – square test was used to test for associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Data errors were checked for and corrected. Results: 12.3% of the respondents have experienced some form of gender-based violence while pregnant; The most common type of violence seen amongst the pregnant women was physical abuse which grossed 65.2%; The most common cause of violence amongst the study population is misunderstanding on diverse issues arising in the family; the study identified the commonest perpetrators of GBV against women to be their Husbands as it grossed 73.4%. Conclusion: Gender based violence remains a major health concern in the society, more so in pregnant women. In the study above, 12.3% were victims of violence and this is a mirror to show how much more is seen in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Keywords: Gender Based Violence; Pregnant Women; Ante-Natal Care DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/54-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019
背景:基于性别的暴力(GBV)涉及男性和女性，其中女性在大多数情况下是受害者;它是男女权力关系不平等的结果。女性遭受暴力是因为她是女性，暴力对女性的影响极大[1]。方法:本研究在楚克乌梅卡Odumegwu ojujuwu大学教学医院(COOUTH)进行。每天结束时，调查问卷都会被检查是否有错误和遗漏。将定量数据输入计算机，使用SPSS version 20进行分析。数据分析包括描述性统计和适当的关联检验。交叉表和卡方检验用于检验变量之间的关联在5%的显著性水平。检查并纠正了数据错误。结果:12.3%的受访者在怀孕期间经历过某种形式的性别暴力;孕妇中最常见的暴力类型是身体虐待，占65.2%;在研究人群中，最常见的暴力原因是对家庭中出现的各种问题的误解;该研究发现，对女性实施性别暴力最常见的肇事者是她们的丈夫，占73.4%。结论:基于性别的暴力仍然是社会上一个主要的健康问题，对孕妇来说更是如此。在上面的研究中，12.3%的人是暴力的受害者，这是一个镜子，显示出怀孕和非怀孕妇女的比例要高得多。关键词:性别暴力;孕妇;产前护理DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-03出版日期:2019年4月30日
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