Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure最新文献

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the desmosomal and hemidesmosomal attachments in common odontogenic cysts (radicular cyst [RC], odontogenic keratocyst [OKC], and dentigerous cyst [DC]), oral fibroma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The disruption pattern in OKC was also compared with that of OSCC.

Materials and methods: The 125 subjects included in the study were equally divided into five study groups - oral fibroma (Group I - control group), RC (Group II - test group), DC (Group III - test group), OKC (Group IV - test group), and OSCC (Group V - positive control). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, and the disruption was accessed through scanning electron microscopic images.

Results: Oral fibroma displayed maximum intact desmosomes and hemidesmosomes and minimal disruption while in OSCC minimum intact desmosomes and hemidesmosomes were evident. Amongst the odontogenic cysts studied, OKC displayed maximum disrupted desmosomes and hemidesmsomes. Further, when OKC and OSCC were compared the completely intact desmosomes and hemidesmosomes were more in OKC than OSCC. The P value was set at <0.05.

Conclusion: The study revealed that even though the defect in oral fibroma lies in the connective tissue, trauma or irritation as the etiology likely leads to minimal disruption in these intercellular junctions. These cell junctions were less evident in the case of DC owing to compression of the epithelial lining. The disruption of junctions in radicular cysts was more than those seen in oral fibroma. Compared to the other two cysts, OKCs displayed a much higher proportion of disruption in these cell junctions reflective of their more aggressive clinical behavior. OSCC displayed maximum disruption of cell junctions, which indicated that these disruptions play a role in both carcinogenesis and tumor invasion.

Cysticercosis is a result of parasitic infestation by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. Cysticercosis affects various organs including oral cavity and an accurate clinical diagnosis in oral cysticercosis is usually not established. English literature was reviewed and analyzed on oral cysticercosis from the year 1980 to December 2021 as found through standard electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus) using search words as cysticercosis; oral cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; C. cellulosae; T. solium; treatment of cysticercosis; and prevention of cysticercosis. Forty cases of oral cysticercosis from 13 publications were analyzed. Cysticercosis can cause oral cystic swelling or nodules and these may be the only evidence of the disease. Tongue was the most affected site. It can lodge at multiple sites including brain and eyes where it can cause serious complications. Two cases of oral cysticercosis were reported to be having the involvement of the brain. This review emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention of oral cysticercosis which can have more serious systemic involvement. It is important to rule out the presence of the parasite in the brain or eyes through thorough investigations so as to avoid serious complications.

Background: Special stains in histopathological studies are used to identify the structures with different dyes apart from the routine stain hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E). The component which is present in the special stains will have a specific bond and affinity for particular tissue components in the histological specimen. Structures like keratin takes up an eosinophilic stain in routine (H and E) staining. Most of the potentially malignant disorders and carcinomas arise due to the keratinization defect, which makes keratin an important diagnostic tool. There are different stains such as Ayoub-Shklar (A-S), Dane-Herman (D-H), and rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) which is used to identify keratin. In A-S stain, keratins can be stained in magenta-red and orange colors.

Aim: we compared A-S special stain and routine stain in terms of staining intensity or quality, the pattern of staining, and specificity for staining keratin.

Materials and methods: Thirty cases from the department archives that included 10 well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 10 verrucous carcinoma, and 10 epithelial dysplasia were taken and each case was stained with both A-S and H and E stain.

Results: A-S showed an almost equal distribution of uniform and patchy staining patterns, but H and E showed more patchy staining patterns in the three groups. H and E stain shows good staining quality than A-S. A-S shows almost 90% of satisfactory staining specificity.

Conclusion: Special stain like A-S stain can be used to stain keratin in different color, but H and E always remain gold standard stain.

Context: Bone marrow examination (BME) is an invaluable tool for cases with pyrexia of unknown origin and pancytopenia. However, it is under-utilized for diagnosing infectious etiology and there is a paucity of literature regarding its role in infective pathology.

Aims: This study aims to bring to light the role of BME in diagnosing infectious pathology.

Settings and design: A retrospective study was carried out on bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) sent to the hematology department over the past 4 years. Clinical details, peripheral smears and BMA were retrieved from the records and analyzed.

Subjects and methods: Leishman-stained peripheral smears and BMA were studied along with bone marrow biopsy wherever feasible.

Results: A total of 52 cases were studied. The most common clinical presentation was fever, clinical finding was splenomegaly and hematological finding was anemia. Based on the morphological findings in combination with clinical history, cases were categorized into-parasitic (26.9%), viral (23.1%), tubercular (11.5%), and nonspecific infections (38.5%). Parasites such as Leishmania donovani, microfilaria, plasmodium falciparum, and vivax were reported in 14/52 (27%) cases. Associated BMA findings were plasmacytosis, eosinophilia, reactive lymphocytosis, or dyserythopoiesis. In 38% (20/52) cases, no specific cause of infection was found in the bone marrow. These patients showed histiocytosis, hemophagocytosis, maturation arrest in myeloid lineage, relative myeloid hyperplasia, dysmyelopoiesis, toxic granulation/vacuolation in myeloid cells, lymphocytosis, increased plasma cells or monocytosis in marrow.

Conclusions: Increased histiocytes, hemophagocytosis, dysplastic changes, maturation arrest, relative myeloid hyperplasia or reactive plasmacytosis, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis are BMA features which must alert the pathologist towards an infectious disease process, a knowledge of these changes can help extend the scope of BME beyond hemato-lymphoid malignancies.

Introduction: Implant failures could be due to peri-implantitis, and others are related to inadequate bone-to-implant contact eventually causing mobility and implant loss. Although many surface coatings have been proposed and commercially available drugs are used to treat the biofilm, there have been a lot of shortfalls, and the focus has now shifted toward biogenic agents. Hence, this in vitro study was undertaken with the intent to assess the antimicrobial efficacy and osteogenic potential of calendula officinalis hydrogel when coated on titanium.

Materials and methods: A total of 270 titanium discs (10 mm × 2 mm American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) B348) were included in the study, and their surface topography was characterized. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and cytotoxicity were established, and C. officinalis hydrogel was prepared. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Staphylococcus aureus of the C. officinalis hydrogel coated on titanium discs compared to chlorhexidine gel. The osteogenic potential of the gel was evaluated by assessing the cell attachment using a hemocytometer and cell proliferation using MTT assay on MG-63 cell lines at three different time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h.

Results: C. officinalis hydrogel coated on titanium discs showed antimicrobial efficacy against the tested microorganisms; however, it was less than chlorhexidine gel. The cell attachment and cell proliferation were statistically highly significant (P = 0.001*, *signifies result is significant) compared to the machined titanium surfaces with an effect size of 59%.

Conclusion: C. officinalis-treated titanium surfaces had a positive effect on the cellular events of MG-63 cells as well as it showed antimicrobial efficacy against the predominant peri-implant pathogens which would prevent early peri-implantitis and help in the process of osseointegration.

Context: Sex steroid hormones can influence astrocytomas, the most common form of glioma. Progesterone (P) may participate in cancer development. The current study evaluated the progesterone receptor (PR) expression in 49 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant) astrocytomas concerning their proliferative potential.

Aim: The current study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical progesterone expression in IDH-mutant astrocytic tumors besides correlating such expression with the pathological parameters of the tumors.

Settings and design: This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study.

Materials and methods: Forty-nine intracranial astrocytoma specimens were evaluated for PRs and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme mutations in a histopathological and immunohistochemical study.

Results: The study included 26 females (53.1%) and 23 males (46.9%) (n = 49). The median age was 41.5 (27.75) years. IDH-mutant astrocytic tumors demonstrated positive PR immunoreactivity in 42 of 49 cases (85.7%). Its expression was observed in 20 of 27 cases of Grade 2 astrocytomas (diffuse type), 7 of 7 cases of Grade 3 astrocytomas (anaplastic type), and 15 of 15 cases of Grade 4 astrocytomas (glioblastoma). In addition, tumor vessel walls and cells with microvascular endothelial proliferation showed PR positivity. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in PR expression in the right and left-sided tumors compared to midline tumors and in supratentorial tumors compared to infratentorial tumors. It was high with positive necrosis. The tumor grade and the expression of PR were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.972; P < 0.001), and there was a moderately positive linear correlation between them and the patient's age (r = 0.414; P = 0.003). Recurrence and gender were not associated with PR expression.

Conclusion: We propose a correlation between PR and the histologic grade, growth, and angiogenesis of the IDH-mutant astrocytoma. As a result, it can act as a prognostic marker for a new promising target therapy.