“Forensic odontology” is concerned with the proper handling, inspection, and assessment of dental evidence as well as the correct analysis and representation of dental findings. An odontologist is regularly called upon to help identify unknown human remains and dental evidence recovered from crime scenes and disasters. Dental profiling is the study of teeth and their surrounding structures with the goal of determining a victim’s identity. One can estimate an individual’s age, gender, and ethnicity using dental profiling. It can also be used to determine dental anthropological features such as personal habits, diet, nutritional deficiencies, oral health, and social class. Dental profiling can be done in a number of ways by either invasive or noninvasive methods. By studying and examining solid samples with complicated surface topography for macro features, stereomicroscopy is one of the ways that might be useful in it. Such a technique could be useful for both invasive and noninvasive dental profiling approaches. Stereomicroscopy refers to a microscopic technique that can be used for stereoscopic viewing or three-dimensional imaging with depth and contrast perception; it is essential for interpreting specimen structure. A stereomicroscope or dissecting microscope is a device used to observe a sample at a low magnification utilizing light reflected off the object’s surface rather than transmitted through it. This paper provides an overview of the stereomicroscope’s usage, applications, and benefits in microscopic forensic dental profiling.
{"title":"Stereomicroscopy – A Potential Technique for Forensic Dental Profiling","authors":"Pankti Patel, Dhwani Patel","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_74_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 “Forensic odontology” is concerned with the proper handling, inspection, and assessment of dental evidence as well as the correct analysis and representation of dental findings. An odontologist is regularly called upon to help identify unknown human remains and dental evidence recovered from crime scenes and disasters. Dental profiling is the study of teeth and their surrounding structures with the goal of determining a victim’s identity. One can estimate an individual’s age, gender, and ethnicity using dental profiling. It can also be used to determine dental anthropological features such as personal habits, diet, nutritional deficiencies, oral health, and social class. Dental profiling can be done in a number of ways by either invasive or noninvasive methods. By studying and examining solid samples with complicated surface topography for macro features, stereomicroscopy is one of the ways that might be useful in it. Such a technique could be useful for both invasive and noninvasive dental profiling approaches. Stereomicroscopy refers to a microscopic technique that can be used for stereoscopic viewing or three-dimensional imaging with depth and contrast perception; it is essential for interpreting specimen structure. A stereomicroscope or dissecting microscope is a device used to observe a sample at a low magnification utilizing light reflected off the object’s surface rather than transmitted through it. This paper provides an overview of the stereomicroscope’s usage, applications, and benefits in microscopic forensic dental profiling.","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"169 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_114_23
Asmaa Ali Mohamed Ahmed, M. S. Hafez, Ghada G Hamam, Gehan Abd Elkhalek Ibrahim
Wounds of skin are common injuries causing familial burdens. Exosomes received attention as a cell-free therapy. Studying the role of exosomes (derived from mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs]) on healing of cutaneous wound in adult male Wistar rats. Five weaned rats were used for exosome isolation. Exosomes were isolated (from bone marrow-MSCs) through ultracentrifugation. They were then characterized using a transmission electron microscope. The study was conducted on 42 adult male rats. They were divided into Group I (control group); Group II (spontaneous wound healing) and Group III (exosomes treated group): 24 h after generation of skin wound rats received a single intravenous injection of 1 mL phosphate buffer saline containing purified exosomes. Skin specimens were collected after 14 days and 21 days. Skin specimens were subjected to proper histological techniques. Administration of exosomes decreased pain experienced by rats, improved wound healing, enhanced epidermal reepithelization and the regeneration of skin appendages, significantly increased epidermal cell proliferation and lead to better organization of newly formed collagen. Intravenous injection of exosomes was effective in accelerating cutaneous wound healing in adult rats.
皮肤伤口是造成家庭负担的常见伤害。外泌体作为一种无细胞疗法备受关注。 研究外泌体（源自间充质干细胞）对成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠皮肤伤口愈合的作用。 用五只断奶大鼠进行外泌体分离。外泌体通过超速离心从骨髓间充质干细胞中分离出来。然后使用透射电子显微镜对其进行表征。研究对象为 42 只成年雄性大鼠。它们被分为 I 组（对照组）、II 组（自发伤口愈合组）和 III 组（外泌体处理组）：在大鼠皮肤伤口形成 24 小时后，向其静脉注射 1 mL 含有纯化外泌体的磷酸盐缓冲盐水。14 天和 21 天后收集皮肤标本。皮肤标本经适当的组织学技术处理。 给大鼠注射外泌体可减轻疼痛，改善伤口愈合，促进表皮再上皮化和皮肤附属物的再生，显著增加表皮细胞的增殖，并使新形成的胶原蛋白更好地组织起来。 静脉注射外泌体可有效加速成年大鼠皮肤伤口的愈合。
{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Improved Healing of Cutaneous Wound in a Rat Model","authors":"Asmaa Ali Mohamed Ahmed, M. S. Hafez, Ghada G Hamam, Gehan Abd Elkhalek Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_114_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_114_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Wounds of skin are common injuries causing familial burdens. Exosomes received attention as a cell-free therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Studying the role of exosomes (derived from mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs]) on healing of cutaneous wound in adult male Wistar rats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Five weaned rats were used for exosome isolation. Exosomes were isolated (from bone marrow-MSCs) through ultracentrifugation. They were then characterized using a transmission electron microscope. The study was conducted on 42 adult male rats. They were divided into Group I (control group); Group II (spontaneous wound healing) and Group III (exosomes treated group): 24 h after generation of skin wound rats received a single intravenous injection of 1 mL phosphate buffer saline containing purified exosomes. Skin specimens were collected after 14 days and 21 days. Skin specimens were subjected to proper histological techniques.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Administration of exosomes decreased pain experienced by rats, improved wound healing, enhanced epidermal reepithelization and the regeneration of skin appendages, significantly increased epidermal cell proliferation and lead to better organization of newly formed collagen.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Intravenous injection of exosomes was effective in accelerating cutaneous wound healing in adult rats.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"60 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_138_23
Poonam M. Sardesai, Ramesh P. Nayakar, Ritiha C. Uppin, Sayed M. Killedar, Mangesh A. Kakodker
Titanium is the most widely used material for dental implants; however, its biological aging can lead to a decreased rate of osseointegration. Titanium surfaces on exposure to argon plasma possess a hydrophilic surface that increases the biological activity of osteoblasts on the implant surface. Hence, this in vitro study was undertaken to assess and compare the osteogenic potential and proliferative nature of osteoblast-like cells on titanium when subjected to argon plasma surface treatment. A total of 108 titanium discs (10 mm × 2 mm ASTM B348) were included in the study, and their surface topography was characterized. The test specimens were divided into two subgroups based on surface treatments used, i.e. the study group (n = 54): titanium discs treated with argon plasma and the control group (n = 54): sandblasted titanium discs. The osteogenic potential of the specimens was evaluated by assessing the cell attachment using a hemocytometer and cell proliferation using an MTT assay on MG-63 cell lines at three different time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell attachment and cell proliferation values were statistically significant (P = 0.001*). In comparison to the control group, these two parameters were considerably greater in the plasma-treated group. The total effect size of the study group was 85% as opposed to 35% of the control group. Argon plasma surface treatment had a positive effect on the cellular events of MG-63 cells which can be thought of as an added advantage along with the decontamination procedure for titanium to help in the process of osseointegration.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Titanium Discs Subjected to Argon Plasma Surface Treatment: An in vitro Study","authors":"Poonam M. Sardesai, Ramesh P. Nayakar, Ritiha C. Uppin, Sayed M. Killedar, Mangesh A. Kakodker","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_138_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_138_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Titanium is the most widely used material for dental implants; however, its biological aging can lead to a decreased rate of osseointegration. Titanium surfaces on exposure to argon plasma possess a hydrophilic surface that increases the biological activity of osteoblasts on the implant surface. Hence, this in vitro study was undertaken to assess and compare the osteogenic potential and proliferative nature of osteoblast-like cells on titanium when subjected to argon plasma surface treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 108 titanium discs (10 mm × 2 mm ASTM B348) were included in the study, and their surface topography was characterized. The test specimens were divided into two subgroups based on surface treatments used, i.e. the study group (n = 54): titanium discs treated with argon plasma and the control group (n = 54): sandblasted titanium discs. The osteogenic potential of the specimens was evaluated by assessing the cell attachment using a hemocytometer and cell proliferation using an MTT assay on MG-63 cell lines at three different time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The cell attachment and cell proliferation values were statistically significant (P = 0.001*). In comparison to the control group, these two parameters were considerably greater in the plasma-treated group. The total effect size of the study group was 85% as opposed to 35% of the control group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Argon plasma surface treatment had a positive effect on the cellular events of MG-63 cells which can be thought of as an added advantage along with the decontamination procedure for titanium to help in the process of osseointegration.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_127_23
Sandhya Tamgadge, T. Pereira
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cellular and noncellular components that play important roles in tumor genesis, progression, and therapy response. While much study has been done on the TME in other types of cancer, our understanding of its involvement in odontogenic lesions is still restricted. The study group included total (171) odontogenic lesions, which were further divided into two categories. Odontogenic tumors (80) and (2) odontogenic cysts (91). There were 50 cases in the control group. Lymphoma was chosen as the negative control, whereas colorectal and breast carcinomas were chosen as the positive controls. All groups were immunohistochemically stained with the fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-alpha antibody. The samples from the study groups were compared to clinical parameters and statistically evaluated using the Chi-square and Kendall’s tau tests. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the final immune reactivity score (IRS) with the presence or absence of epithelium, radiographic locularity, and ramus involvement. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate inter-rater reliability. The ameloblastoma tumor group and the odontogenic keratocysts in the cyst group showed a high mean IRS. When the final IRS was compared to a few clinical characteristics such as lesion extension and ramus involvement, showed statistical co-relation. With significant connections between the final IRS and a few clinical features, FAP-alpha appears to be a reliable marker for odontogenic lesions. It could be employed as a therapeutic and prognostic marker in future.
{"title":"Expression of Fibroblast Activation Protein-alpha in Odontogenic Lesions – A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"Sandhya Tamgadge, T. Pereira","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_127_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_127_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cellular and noncellular components that play important roles in tumor genesis, progression, and therapy response. While much study has been done on the TME in other types of cancer, our understanding of its involvement in odontogenic lesions is still restricted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study group included total (171) odontogenic lesions, which were further divided into two categories. Odontogenic tumors (80) and (2) odontogenic cysts (91). There were 50 cases in the control group. Lymphoma was chosen as the negative control, whereas colorectal and breast carcinomas were chosen as the positive controls. All groups were immunohistochemically stained with the fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-alpha antibody. The samples from the study groups were compared to clinical parameters and statistically evaluated using the Chi-square and Kendall’s tau tests. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the final immune reactivity score (IRS) with the presence or absence of epithelium, radiographic locularity, and ramus involvement. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate inter-rater reliability.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ameloblastoma tumor group and the odontogenic keratocysts in the cyst group showed a high mean IRS. When the final IRS was compared to a few clinical characteristics such as lesion extension and ramus involvement, showed statistical co-relation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 With significant connections between the final IRS and a few clinical features, FAP-alpha appears to be a reliable marker for odontogenic lesions. It could be employed as a therapeutic and prognostic marker in future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_117_23
Mousmi Agrawal, Nighat Hussain, R. Ramchandani, Amit Kumar Chowhan
Phyllodes tumor are very rare fibroepithelial lesions which comprises 0.3%–1% of all primary breast tumors with peak age around 40–50 years. Phyllodes tumor are classified ino three types: Benign, borderline and malignant tumors. Metaplastic change is very rare in these tumors and can involve both epithelial or stromal components. Stromal metaplastic changes include cartilage, bony or fatty change. Epithelial metaplastic changes include apocrine or squamous change. About 10% of phyllodes tumor show squamous metaplasia. We report a case of 47-year-old patient presenting with large lump in right breast measuring 16 cm × 15 cm × 11 cm, occupying all four quadrants. Clinically, it appeared as malignant phyllodes. But, microscopically, it was benign phyllodes tumor having extensive cystic squamous metaplasia.
{"title":"Benign Phyllodes Tumor with Extensive Cystic Squamous Metaplasia, Clinically Presenting as Malignant Phyllodes","authors":"Mousmi Agrawal, Nighat Hussain, R. Ramchandani, Amit Kumar Chowhan","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_117_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phyllodes tumor are very rare fibroepithelial lesions which comprises 0.3%–1% of all primary breast tumors with peak age around 40–50 years. Phyllodes tumor are classified ino three types: Benign, borderline and malignant tumors. Metaplastic change is very rare in these tumors and can involve both epithelial or stromal components. Stromal metaplastic changes include cartilage, bony or fatty change. Epithelial metaplastic changes include apocrine or squamous change. About 10% of phyllodes tumor show squamous metaplasia. We report a case of 47-year-old patient presenting with large lump in right breast measuring 16 cm × 15 cm × 11 cm, occupying all four quadrants. Clinically, it appeared as malignant phyllodes. But, microscopically, it was benign phyllodes tumor having extensive cystic squamous metaplasia.","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"31 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sudha, Priyadharsini Nataraj, R. Krishnan, A. Rameshkumar
Consumption of tobacco in either smoking or nonsmoking form produces free radicals, contributing to an increased risk of oral cancer as a result of oxidative stress. Biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes are responsible for tobacco-associated oral carcinogenesis. Due to the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, the promotion of carcinogenesis occurs in the cells. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is an assembly of benign lesions with morphologically altered clinical or histopathological tissue that has a greater than normal risk of transforming into malignant lesions after diagnosis at a later date. Micronuclei are the goal site for early genotoxic events and are involved in carcinogenic events. Micronuclei in exfoliated cells are useful biomarkers in assessing cytogenetic damage. Early detection will help to devise appropriate treatment plans, thereby improving patient survival rates. To estimate the salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the expression of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells of tobacco users before the onset of tobacco-induced oral lesions and correlating the same with patients with OPMDs to determine if this can be useful in predicting early malignant potential in subjects with habitual tobacco usage. The study included three groups. Group I – Tobacco users with OPMD (n = 50), Group II – Tobacco users without OPMD (n = 50), and Group III – Healthy controls (n = 50). Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for saliva samples for quantification of salivary SOD. Exfoliated buccal cells were smeared and stained with acridine orange stain and viewed under a fluorescent microscope for micronuclei estimation. The study showed a significant difference in salivary SOD levels and increased micronuclei expression among tobacco users than healthy controls. Our study results revealed a gradual and steady decrease of SOD levels and increased micronuclei expression from healthy control to tobacco users without lesions and tobacco users with lesion, and this can be used as an effective noninvasive early diagnostic biomarker in assessing malignant progression in tobacco users. Furthermore, the evaluation of micronuclei estimation can serve as a simple, quick, and noninvasive chair-side procedure for regular oral cancer screening in patients with tobacco usage.
{"title":"Salivary Oxidative Stress Assessment in Tobacco Users with and without Potentially Malignant Disorders and Micronuclei Estimation using Fluorescent Microscopy","authors":"G. Sudha, Priyadharsini Nataraj, R. Krishnan, A. Rameshkumar","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Consumption of tobacco in either smoking or nonsmoking form produces free radicals, contributing to an increased risk of oral cancer as a result of oxidative stress. Biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes are responsible for tobacco-associated oral carcinogenesis. Due to the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, the promotion of carcinogenesis occurs in the cells. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is an assembly of benign lesions with morphologically altered clinical or histopathological tissue that has a greater than normal risk of transforming into malignant lesions after diagnosis at a later date. Micronuclei are the goal site for early genotoxic events and are involved in carcinogenic events. Micronuclei in exfoliated cells are useful biomarkers in assessing cytogenetic damage. Early detection will help to devise appropriate treatment plans, thereby improving patient survival rates.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To estimate the salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the expression of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells of tobacco users before the onset of tobacco-induced oral lesions and correlating the same with patients with OPMDs to determine if this can be useful in predicting early malignant potential in subjects with habitual tobacco usage.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included three groups. Group I – Tobacco users with OPMD (n = 50), Group II – Tobacco users without OPMD (n = 50), and Group III – Healthy controls (n = 50). Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for saliva samples for quantification of salivary SOD. Exfoliated buccal cells were smeared and stained with acridine orange stain and viewed under a fluorescent microscope for micronuclei estimation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study showed a significant difference in salivary SOD levels and increased micronuclei expression among tobacco users than healthy controls.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study results revealed a gradual and steady decrease of SOD levels and increased micronuclei expression from healthy control to tobacco users without lesions and tobacco users with lesion, and this can be used as an effective noninvasive early diagnostic biomarker in assessing malignant progression in tobacco users. Furthermore, the evaluation of micronuclei estimation can serve as a simple, quick, and noninvasive chair-side procedure for regular oral cancer screening in patients with tobacco usage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"31 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandhya Tamgadge, T. Pereira, Rishikesh Mehta, Asma Wagle, A. Tamgadge, K. Bhor
Odontomas are the most prevalent type of benign odontogenic tumor. They are made up of several dental hard and soft tissues arranged in diverse patterns. They have slowed growth and normally do not have any symptoms to go along with it. They are not regarded as real neoplasms and are more commonly referred to as hamartomas. There have been very few retrospective studies published in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical findings and histological aspects of 17 odontoma cases as a single-institutional investigation. It is a study that was conducted in the past. Data from 17 odontoma cases were collected, then separated, and statistically analyzed based on the number of instances reported, the kind of odontoma, the site of occurrence, age, sex, clinical and histological features, and so on. A brief case report is also provided. Of the 17 cases of odontoma reported, 14 were complex odontoma and only 3 were compound odontoma. The age group of 20–29 years had the highest incidence. It was discovered more commonly in the lower jaw than in the maxilla. The study indicated a higher prevalence of complex odontomas than compound odontomas in males aged 20–29 years (third decade of life). Early detection and treatment are critical for avoiding disparities.
{"title":"Odontome – A Single-institutional Cross-sectional Study of 31 Years from Mumbai and Case Report with Modified Gallego’s Stain","authors":"Sandhya Tamgadge, T. Pereira, Rishikesh Mehta, Asma Wagle, A. Tamgadge, K. Bhor","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_66_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Odontomas are the most prevalent type of benign odontogenic tumor. They are made up of several dental hard and soft tissues arranged in diverse patterns. They have slowed growth and normally do not have any symptoms to go along with it. They are not regarded as real neoplasms and are more commonly referred to as hamartomas. There have been very few retrospective studies published in the literature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to examine the clinical findings and histological aspects of 17 odontoma cases as a single-institutional investigation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is a study that was conducted in the past. Data from 17 odontoma cases were collected, then separated, and statistically analyzed based on the number of instances reported, the kind of odontoma, the site of occurrence, age, sex, clinical and histological features, and so on. A brief case report is also provided.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 17 cases of odontoma reported, 14 were complex odontoma and only 3 were compound odontoma. The age group of 20–29 years had the highest incidence. It was discovered more commonly in the lower jaw than in the maxilla.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study indicated a higher prevalence of complex odontomas than compound odontomas in males aged 20–29 years (third decade of life). Early detection and treatment are critical for avoiding disparities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shefali Yadav, DeviCharan Shetty, N. Gulati, A. Jain
Neurofibroma being benign in its behavior remains silent in existence and hence can be mistaken for various reactive lesions of the oral cavity such as fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, or peripheral ossifying fibroma. Although it is a well-established fact that mast cells play the utmost significance in the tumorigenesis of such tumors, little is known about their importance in treatment modalities. Hence, we intend to present a case of intraoral neurofibroma emphasizing the significance of mast cells in therapeutic intervention of neurofibromas (NFs) as such tumors can be accompanied by syndromes and hence necessitates the thorough clinical as well as microscopical analysis as well as an adequate therapeutic approach. Our case revealed the presence of mast cells in the stroma which was further confirmed with toluidine blue staining. Infiltration of mast cells is frequently seen in NF; however, its presence is uncommon in other neoplasms. This distinctive feature can be taken as a target of interest in neurofibroma research. Current clinical treatment options for NF are limited to surgical removal and follow-up of the case. Hence, this warrants the need of better understanding of the role of mast cell-based targeted therapy for such cases. The strategies formulated against the tumors associated with neurofibroma cannot be only applied after the encounter with sporadic counterparts, specifically in terms of benign tumors linked to such disorders. The noteworthy significance of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis necessitates adequate clinical examination, followed by delineation of the differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach toward such cases.
{"title":"Mast Cell Metabolism: A Viable Therapeutic Target against Intraoral Neurofibroma","authors":"Shefali Yadav, DeviCharan Shetty, N. Gulati, A. Jain","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Neurofibroma being benign in its behavior remains silent in existence and hence can be mistaken for various reactive lesions of the oral cavity such as fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, or peripheral ossifying fibroma. Although it is a well-established fact that mast cells play the utmost significance in the tumorigenesis of such tumors, little is known about their importance in treatment modalities. Hence, we intend to present a case of intraoral neurofibroma emphasizing the significance of mast cells in therapeutic intervention of neurofibromas (NFs) as such tumors can be accompanied by syndromes and hence necessitates the thorough clinical as well as microscopical analysis as well as an adequate therapeutic approach. Our case revealed the presence of mast cells in the stroma which was further confirmed with toluidine blue staining. Infiltration of mast cells is frequently seen in NF; however, its presence is uncommon in other neoplasms. This distinctive feature can be taken as a target of interest in neurofibroma research. Current clinical treatment options for NF are limited to surgical removal and follow-up of the case. Hence, this warrants the need of better understanding of the role of mast cell-based targeted therapy for such cases. The strategies formulated against the tumors associated with neurofibroma cannot be only applied after the encounter with sporadic counterparts, specifically in terms of benign tumors linked to such disorders. The noteworthy significance of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis necessitates adequate clinical examination, followed by delineation of the differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach toward such cases.","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis caused by virus C results in serious health complications. Sofosbuvir is effective for treating hepatitis C but, with side effects especially on kidneys. Plumbagin is a natural plant with a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The assessment of plumbagin effect on the renal cortical damage in rats induced by sofosbuvir, by assessing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), JAK2/STAT3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Forty adult rats (250–300 g) were divided into: group 1 (control); Group 2 received sofosbuvir 36 mg/kg; Group 3 received sofosbuvir and low dose of plumbagin (5 mg/kg); Group 4 received sofosbuvir and mid-dose of plumbagin (10 mg/kg); Group 5 received sofosbuvir and high dose of plumbagin (20 mg/kg); and Group 6 (sofosbuvir recovery). Drugs were taken once daily orally for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of renal functions and serum TNF-α and IL-6. Renal specimens were processed for both measuring tissue JAK2/STAT3 levels and for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Group 2 showed a significant rise of blood urea and serum creatinine, serum TNF-α and IL-6, tissue JAK2/STAT3, hematoxylin and eosin significant histopathological changes, significant increase of collagen area density at Masson’s trichrome and significant rise of NF-κB-positive cells. Plumbagin treated groups showed dose-dependent amelioration of the preceding results. The recovery group showed partial recovery. Plumbagin has an ameliorating dose-dependent effect against sofosbuvir-induced renal cortical damage in rats rather than those left to recover alone through its antiinflammatory action. Hence, plumbagin could be promising for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"Structural and Biochemical Effects of Plumbagin on Sofosbuvir-induced Renal Cortical Injury in Rats: Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-6, JAK2/STAT3, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B-induced Inflammation","authors":"Samah Kandeel, Eman M. El-Beltagi","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_23_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_23_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Hepatitis caused by virus C results in serious health complications. Sofosbuvir is effective for treating hepatitis C but, with side effects especially on kidneys. Plumbagin is a natural plant with a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The assessment of plumbagin effect on the renal cortical damage in rats induced by sofosbuvir, by assessing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), JAK2/STAT3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty adult rats (250–300 g) were divided into: group 1 (control); Group 2 received sofosbuvir 36 mg/kg; Group 3 received sofosbuvir and low dose of plumbagin (5 mg/kg); Group 4 received sofosbuvir and mid-dose of plumbagin (10 mg/kg); Group 5 received sofosbuvir and high dose of plumbagin (20 mg/kg); and Group 6 (sofosbuvir recovery). Drugs were taken once daily orally for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of renal functions and serum TNF-α and IL-6. Renal specimens were processed for both measuring tissue JAK2/STAT3 levels and for histological and immunohistochemical studies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group 2 showed a significant rise of blood urea and serum creatinine, serum TNF-α and IL-6, tissue JAK2/STAT3, hematoxylin and eosin significant histopathological changes, significant increase of collagen area density at Masson’s trichrome and significant rise of NF-κB-positive cells. Plumbagin treated groups showed dose-dependent amelioration of the preceding results. The recovery group showed partial recovery.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Plumbagin has an ameliorating dose-dependent effect against sofosbuvir-induced renal cortical damage in rats rather than those left to recover alone through its antiinflammatory action. Hence, plumbagin could be promising for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About 65% of people who wear dentures suffer from denture stomatitis, a prevalent pathologic illness that is commonly linked to Candida albicans. The necessity for the creation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials with intrinsic activity is brought on by increasing resistance of microbes. The study’s objectives were to examine and compare the antifungal properties of acrylic resin by adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs), as well as to determine its cellular toxicity at various nanoparticle concentrations on mouse fibroblasts. A total of 84 samples were created, including 12 control samples, 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with AgNPs, and 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with MgONPs. Disk diffusion technique was used to assess the antifungal effectiveness of the samples. By using the MTT test, the cytotoxicity of various nanoparticle concentrations was evaluated. Analysis of variance test and unpaired t-test were used to analyze the data, and then Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. The mean values for AgNPs and MgONPs at 2%, 4%, and 6% after 24 h were 13.71 ± 2.07, 18.58 ± 1.62, and 27.96 ± 1.76 and 11.63 ± 1.35, 14.38 ± 1.63, and 18.25 ± 1.39, respectively. In contrast to the MgONPs group, samples with AgNPs showed greater antifungal efficacy against C. albicans. On mouse fibroblasts, MgONP concentrations showed more cytotoxicity, but AgNP concentrations showed less cytotoxicity. By adding AgNPs and MgONPs to acrylic resins, which are highly efficient against C. albicans, denture stomatitis can be treated.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Property of Acrylic Resin Reinforced with Magnesium Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles and their Effect on Cytotoxic Levels: An In vitro Study","authors":"Meekha Peter, Mahantesh Bembalagi, Hema Kanathila, Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh, Treasa Richa Roy, Mibin Monsy","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_58_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_58_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 About 65% of people who wear dentures suffer from denture stomatitis, a prevalent pathologic illness that is commonly linked to Candida albicans. The necessity for the creation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials with intrinsic activity is brought on by increasing resistance of microbes. The study’s objectives were to examine and compare the antifungal properties of acrylic resin by adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs), as well as to determine its cellular toxicity at various nanoparticle concentrations on mouse fibroblasts.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 84 samples were created, including 12 control samples, 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with AgNPs, and 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with MgONPs. Disk diffusion technique was used to assess the antifungal effectiveness of the samples. By using the MTT test, the cytotoxicity of various nanoparticle concentrations was evaluated. Analysis of variance test and unpaired t-test were used to analyze the data, and then Tukey’s post hoc test was performed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean values for AgNPs and MgONPs at 2%, 4%, and 6% after 24 h were 13.71 ± 2.07, 18.58 ± 1.62, and 27.96 ± 1.76 and 11.63 ± 1.35, 14.38 ± 1.63, and 18.25 ± 1.39, respectively. In contrast to the MgONPs group, samples with AgNPs showed greater antifungal efficacy against C. albicans. On mouse fibroblasts, MgONP concentrations showed more cytotoxicity, but AgNP concentrations showed less cytotoxicity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 By adding AgNPs and MgONPs to acrylic resins, which are highly efficient against C. albicans, denture stomatitis can be treated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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