Communication competence of future early childhood teachers - a report on a study in polandThe research was based on a quantitative paradigm. To determine the level of communication competence we used the Self-assessment of Communication Competence Scale (SPCC), stress was examined with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and dispositional optimism was tested with the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).The analyses showed that prospective early childhood teachers obtained average scores in communication competence. At the same time, they reported high levels of stress and low levels of dispositional optimism. In addition, stress levels correlated negatively with all dimensions of communication competence, meaning that the higher the stress level, the lower the level of communication competence in all the measured dimensions. In contrast, dispositional optimism correlated positively with all dimensions of communication competence, indicating that all dimensions of communication competence increased as dispositional optimism increased.Based on the analyses, we suggest enriching education programs for early childhood teachers with issues related to communication competence, coping with public speaking, and preventive activities related to stress management.
{"title":"Communication competence of future early childhood teachers - a report on a study in Poland","authors":"Ewa Sosnowska-Bielicz, Justyna Sala-Suszyńska","doi":"10.13166/jms/175587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/175587","url":null,"abstract":"Communication competence of future early childhood teachers - a report on a study in polandThe research was based on a quantitative paradigm. To determine the level of communication competence we used the Self-assessment of Communication Competence Scale (SPCC), stress was examined with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and dispositional optimism was tested with the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).The analyses showed that prospective early childhood teachers obtained average scores in communication competence. At the same time, they reported high levels of stress and low levels of dispositional optimism. In addition, stress levels correlated negatively with all dimensions of communication competence, meaning that the higher the stress level, the lower the level of communication competence in all the measured dimensions. In contrast, dispositional optimism correlated positively with all dimensions of communication competence, indicating that all dimensions of communication competence increased as dispositional optimism increased.Based on the analyses, we suggest enriching education programs for early childhood teachers with issues related to communication competence, coping with public speaking, and preventive activities related to stress management.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this study is to identify and evaluate the level of good governance in European Union countries and to determine whether there is a relationship between good governance and economic growth.Empirical materials are based on currently available statistical data from Eurostat. In case of unavailability of unit data in the studied year, they were replaced with data from the nearest period, i.e. 2020. Due to the complexity of the analyzed categories and the possibility of ordering objects from best to worst to achieve the goal, we used the TOPSIS method for multidimensional data analysis.The study found that the variable with the greatest impact on the ranking achieved by a given country in the GG range was the Corruption Perception Index, followed by the proportion of the population who trust EU institutions. In the presented comparison, three countries, Luxembourg, Germany, and Sweden, occupied the top positions in the GG scale, while Greece and Cyprus were at the bottom. Countries with very high GG accounted for 11% of the total number of EU countries. No countries were identified as belonging to the fourth class, which is characterized by a very low level of GG. The majority of countries, over 67%, were represented by those with medium to low levels of GG.The analysis allowed for identifying a significant correlation between Good Governance and Economic Growth in European Union countries. It can be assumed that the higher the level of economic development (measured by many SDGs), the lower the level of corruption in state institutions, and the greater the trust of citizens in public institutions, which translates into a higher level of GG.
{"title":"Diversification of good governance in European Union countries using the TOPSIS method","authors":"Małgorzata Hanna Raczkowska, A. Mikuła, M. Utzig","doi":"10.13166/jms/176165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/176165","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this study is to identify and evaluate the level of good governance in European Union countries and to determine whether there is a relationship between good governance and economic growth.Empirical materials are based on currently available statistical data from Eurostat. In case of unavailability of unit data in the studied year, they were replaced with data from the nearest period, i.e. 2020. Due to the complexity of the analyzed categories and the possibility of ordering objects from best to worst to achieve the goal, we used the TOPSIS method for multidimensional data analysis.The study found that the variable with the greatest impact on the ranking achieved by a given country in the GG range was the Corruption Perception Index, followed by the proportion of the population who trust EU institutions. In the presented comparison, three countries, Luxembourg, Germany, and Sweden, occupied the top positions in the GG scale, while Greece and Cyprus were at the bottom. Countries with very high GG accounted for 11% of the total number of EU countries. No countries were identified as belonging to the fourth class, which is characterized by a very low level of GG. The majority of countries, over 67%, were represented by those with medium to low levels of GG.The analysis allowed for identifying a significant correlation between Good Governance and Economic Growth in European Union countries. It can be assumed that the higher the level of economic development (measured by many SDGs), the lower the level of corruption in state institutions, and the greater the trust of citizens in public institutions, which translates into a higher level of GG.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condi-tion? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer? A key problem was to investigate whether prayer can affect the durability of marriages?The author, deciding to conduct research in the interdisciplinary field, had to use the legal-dogmatic method, but also the survey and interview methods, which are required by the methodology of the social sciences. At the same time, doctrinal and linguistic interpretations were used in the study of legal and historical sources.The aim was to determine the current structure of believers, atheists and followers of other religions in Poland, while investigating the impact of this structure on the durability of marriages. The genesis of adopted objective was the research hypothesis stating that prayer has an impact on the durability of marriages. The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and does it correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condition? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer?Based on the information provided, the article investigates the relationship between changes in reli-giousness, particularly the lack and abandonment of prayer, and the increasing number of marriages falling apart in Poland. The author suggests that prayer can have a positive impact on the durability of marriages and highlights the spiritual benefits of prayer, including a deeper spiritual connection, self-reflection, increased mental clarity, humility, inner peace, and reduced stress.
{"title":"The importance of prayer for the durability of marriage","authors":"Paweł Sitek","doi":"10.13166/jms/176232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/176232","url":null,"abstract":"The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condi-tion? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer? A key problem was to investigate whether prayer can affect the durability of marriages?The author, deciding to conduct research in the interdisciplinary field, had to use the legal-dogmatic method, but also the survey and interview methods, which are required by the methodology of the social sciences. At the same time, doctrinal and linguistic interpretations were used in the study of legal and historical sources.The aim was to determine the current structure of believers, atheists and followers of other religions in Poland, while investigating the impact of this structure on the durability of marriages. The genesis of adopted objective was the research hypothesis stating that prayer has an impact on the durability of marriages. The research problems were aimed at answering the questions: Does progressive atheization have an impact and does it correspond with the practice of prayer? Does prayer have an impact on the human condition? If so, what areas of human life benefit from prayer?Based on the information provided, the article investigates the relationship between changes in reli-giousness, particularly the lack and abandonment of prayer, and the increasing number of marriages falling apart in Poland. The author suggests that prayer can have a positive impact on the durability of marriages and highlights the spiritual benefits of prayer, including a deeper spiritual connection, self-reflection, increased mental clarity, humility, inner peace, and reduced stress.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of consideration in this article is to determine differences in the form of payment on the Internet depending on selected characteristics of respondents.The main research problem in this aspect was to answer the question: What types of payment instruments are used in distance transactions depending on gender, place of residence and age? The time scope of the analysis covers the period from October 2022 to February 2023. The basic research method was the CAPI method, based on a questionnaire. In order to verify the hypotheses, statistical analyzes were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package. It was used to analyze basic descriptive statistics together with the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of distributions of quantitative variables. The study involved 399 people, which is a relatively small sample, so the Mann-Whitney test was an appropriate choice. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two independent samples in terms of their distribution. Sample 1 was women and sample 2 was men.The Mann-Whitney test showed that the distribution of favorite payment methods among women and men is different. This means that women and men prefer different payment methods. Both women and men prefer to pay cash for online purchases. For women, the second most popular non-cash payment method is cards, and for men - bank transfer. Other non-cash methods, such as direct debit, voucher, loyalty points or PayPal, are less popular among both groups.This study contributes to existing research by offering an analysis of data on Polish consumers' payment methods. The part of the article indicates possible directions of development of the PayTech sector throughout the world and in Poland specifically.
{"title":"The choice of payment method in online stores depending on demographic characteristics","authors":"L. Piersiala, J. Kabus","doi":"10.13166/jms/177175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/177175","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of consideration in this article is to determine differences in the form of payment on the Internet depending on selected characteristics of respondents.The main research problem in this aspect was to answer the question: What types of payment instruments are used in distance transactions depending on gender, place of residence and age? The time scope of the analysis covers the period from October 2022 to February 2023. The basic research method was the CAPI method, based on a questionnaire. In order to verify the hypotheses, statistical analyzes were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package. It was used to analyze basic descriptive statistics together with the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of distributions of quantitative variables. The study involved 399 people, which is a relatively small sample, so the Mann-Whitney test was an appropriate choice. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two independent samples in terms of their distribution. Sample 1 was women and sample 2 was men.The Mann-Whitney test showed that the distribution of favorite payment methods among women and men is different. This means that women and men prefer different payment methods. Both women and men prefer to pay cash for online purchases. For women, the second most popular non-cash payment method is cards, and for men - bank transfer. Other non-cash methods, such as direct debit, voucher, loyalty points or PayPal, are less popular among both groups.This study contributes to existing research by offering an analysis of data on Polish consumers' payment methods. The part of the article indicates possible directions of development of the PayTech sector throughout the world and in Poland specifically.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives The main aim of the article was to determine the impact of organizational culture on the effectiveness of managing cooperative banks. The research conducted by the authors focused mainly on the internal mechanisms functioning in these organizations, such as; leadership style, employee management style, analysis of factors ensuring organizational coherence, defining success criteria and factors motivating employees (often shareholders). Material and methods The methods used in the study included literature analysis and criticism, participant observation, comparisons, case studies, induction and deduction, synthesis. The main research tool was the OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument) questionnaire by K.S. Cameron and E. Quinn, based on a competitive value model. The authors also defined the type of organizational culture according to T. E. Deal and A. Kennedy, based on the criteria of the degree of risk and the speed of feedback. 150 entities located in various regions of Poland were deliberately selected for the study. The research sample accounted for 28%. . The research was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Results The obtained results showed that cooperative banks are characterized by an autocratic management style. The autocratic management style does not correspond to the cooperative form. The type of culture indicated by the respondents requires modification consisting in the partial elimination of bureaucracy and autocratic personnel management, downgrading the features of the culture of gamblers and routines. Conclusions From a practical point of view, resolving the dilemma of whether profit is essential the purpose of a cooperative bank's operation has a key influence on the choice of a microeconomic model bank.
目标 本文的主要目的是确定组织文化对合作银行管理有效性的影响。作者进行的研究主要集中在这些组织的内部运行机制，如：领导风格、员工管理风格、确保组织一致性的因素分析、成功标准的定义以及激励员工（通常是股东）的因素。 材料和方法 研究中使用的方法包括文献分析和评论、参与观察、比较、案例研究、归纳和演绎、综合。主要研究工具是 K.S. Cameron 和 E. Quinn 根据竞争价值模型编制的 OCAI（组织文化评估工具）问卷。作者还根据 T. E. Deal 和 A. Kennedy 的观点，以风险程度和反馈速度为标准，界定了组织文化的类型。研究特意选择了位于波兰不同地区的 150 家企业。研究样本占 28%。.研究于 2020 年和 2021 年进行。 结果 研究结果表明，合作银行具有专制管理风格的特点。专制管理风格与合作形式不符。受访者所指出的文化类型需要改变，包括部分消除官僚主义和专制的人事管理，降低赌徒文化和常规文化的特征。 结论 从实际角度来看，解决利润是否是合作银行运营的根本目的这一难题对选择微观经济模 式银行具有重要影响。
{"title":"Management of cooperative banks in Poland in the context of organizational culture - research report","authors":"M. Krotowska, Danuta Mierzwa","doi":"10.13166/jms/176327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/176327","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The main aim of the article was to determine the impact of organizational culture on the effectiveness of managing cooperative banks. The research conducted by the authors focused mainly on the internal mechanisms functioning in these organizations, such as; leadership style, employee management style, analysis of factors ensuring organizational coherence, defining success criteria and factors motivating employees (often shareholders). Material and methods The methods used in the study included literature analysis and criticism, participant observation, comparisons, case studies, induction and deduction, synthesis. The main research tool was the OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument) questionnaire by K.S. Cameron and E. Quinn, based on a competitive value model. The authors also defined the type of organizational culture according to T. E. Deal and A. Kennedy, based on the criteria of the degree of risk and the speed of feedback. 150 entities located in various regions of Poland were deliberately selected for the study. The research sample accounted for 28%. . The research was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Results The obtained results showed that cooperative banks are characterized by an autocratic management style. The autocratic management style does not correspond to the cooperative form. The type of culture indicated by the respondents requires modification consisting in the partial elimination of bureaucracy and autocratic personnel management, downgrading the features of the culture of gamblers and routines. Conclusions From a practical point of view, resolving the dilemma of whether profit is essential the purpose of a cooperative bank's operation has a key influence on the choice of a microeconomic model bank.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of professional competence is dealt with by many scientific fields, hence the need to review the definition and classification of the concept and to indicate, based on the literature, the current state of research. The main objective of this paper was to identify the research gap in the area of the usefulness of competencies acquired during military service by Polish Army officers in their current workplace after military service.The following research methods were used to write the paper: literature analysis and criticism, heuristic method and comparative method. The quantitative method was significantly applied in the work. A survey questionnaire was used, aimed at retired officers of the Polish Army regarding the use of their competencies after leaving the service.The terms that often accompany “competence” in theoretical considerations are qualifications and skills. However, qualifications and skills have a narrower context than competencies, which are the result of having both a wide variety of skills and qualifications. Most respondents found employment in a state institution and a uniformed organization. Retired officers pointed mainly to knowledge, experience, and some also to personality traits.The issue of competence is undoubtedly an interdisciplinary concept, with its connotations in many fields of science. Consequently, the concept of competence is not clearly perceived in the literature. The personality traits that distinguish officers of the Polish Army are very valuable, as is their specialized knowledge. They will certainly be a great asset to a retired officer's future employer.
{"title":"Competencies of Polish Army officers in the labor market after completing military service","authors":"Aleksandra Rzepecka, Bartosz Sylwestrzak","doi":"10.13166/jms/175991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/175991","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of professional competence is dealt with by many scientific fields, hence the need to review the definition and classification of the concept and to indicate, based on the literature, the current state of research. The main objective of this paper was to identify the research gap in the area of the usefulness of competencies acquired during military service by Polish Army officers in their current workplace after military service.The following research methods were used to write the paper: literature analysis and criticism, heuristic method and comparative method. The quantitative method was significantly applied in the work. A survey questionnaire was used, aimed at retired officers of the Polish Army regarding the use of their competencies after leaving the service.The terms that often accompany “competence” in theoretical considerations are qualifications and skills. However, qualifications and skills have a narrower context than competencies, which are the result of having both a wide variety of skills and qualifications. Most respondents found employment in a state institution and a uniformed organization. Retired officers pointed mainly to knowledge, experience, and some also to personality traits.The issue of competence is undoubtedly an interdisciplinary concept, with its connotations in many fields of science. Consequently, the concept of competence is not clearly perceived in the literature. The personality traits that distinguish officers of the Polish Army are very valuable, as is their specialized knowledge. They will certainly be a great asset to a retired officer's future employer.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism behind such complaints is intended to ensure an additional layer of security between the citizen and public institutions. The models established in European Union Member States show that the very concept of a constitutional complaint, as well as the formal requirements and its placement in the legal system are not uniform. Particular importance should be attributed to placement of this mechanism in the judicial system of an analysed country. In order to fully comprehend how effective the level of protection of rights truly is and what are the exact consequences of such regulations, it is imperative to determine whether the procedure is regulated in the constitution itself or through statutory law.In order to create this article general scientific research methods were used, both empirical and theoretical (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization and induction). Systemic, functional and comparative research methods were also included.The article presents various models of constitutional complaints with reference to their role in influencing the level of human and citizen rights and freedoms protection.Different levels of protection of human rights and freedoms are provided by European countries depending on the model of regulations they chose. From a legal and factual point of view, this lack of unison does raise legitimate doubts. However, the majority of EU member states are also signatories to various conventions and treaties concerning human rights and freedoms. In view of the above, the question of internationally standardising the scopes of complaints and procedures used by constitutional courts or tribunals, should be considered so that member states (at least during their EU membership) cannot restrict or violate any rights.
{"title":"Models of regulating constitutional complaints in view of amendment procedures in european countries","authors":"Mariusz Bidziński, Bogusław Ulijasz","doi":"10.13166/jms/177176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/177176","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism behind such complaints is intended to ensure an additional layer of security between the citizen and public institutions. The models established in European Union Member States show that the very concept of a constitutional complaint, as well as the formal requirements and its placement in the legal system are not uniform. Particular importance should be attributed to placement of this mechanism in the judicial system of an analysed country. In order to fully comprehend how effective the level of protection of rights truly is and what are the exact consequences of such regulations, it is imperative to determine whether the procedure is regulated in the constitution itself or through statutory law.In order to create this article general scientific research methods were used, both empirical and theoretical (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization and induction). Systemic, functional and comparative research methods were also included.The article presents various models of constitutional complaints with reference to their role in influencing the level of human and citizen rights and freedoms protection.Different levels of protection of human rights and freedoms are provided by European countries depending on the model of regulations they chose. From a legal and factual point of view, this lack of unison does raise legitimate doubts. However, the majority of EU member states are also signatories to various conventions and treaties concerning human rights and freedoms. In view of the above, the question of internationally standardising the scopes of complaints and procedures used by constitutional courts or tribunals, should be considered so that member states (at least during their EU membership) cannot restrict or violate any rights.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celem zaprezentowanych w ramach opracowania analiz jest wprowadzenie do rozważań na temat relacji pomiędzy postrzeganiem służb specjalnych a kształtem systemu prawnego regulującego ich funkcjonowanie w RP w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat.Przedmiotem badań jest polski system prawa, w ramach którego identyfikowane są normy postępowania dotyczące roli i funkcji służb specjalnych. metoda dogmatyczno-prawna; analiza literatury; analiza przekazów medialnychNiewątpliwie celem, który udało się osiągnąć w ramach przedmiotowego omówienia jest naszkicowanie ogólnych ram relacji jakie zachodzą pomiędzy służbami specjalnymi, opinią publiczną oraz prawem. Tak w kontekście postrzegania samych służb specjalnych, jak i obszarów identyfikowania oraz dekodowania norm prawnych dotyczących służb specjalnych w Polsce, które w ramach dalszych prac pozwolą łatwiej ustrukturyzować analizę wybranych norm, ale także wzajemnego oddziaływania, do jakiego dochodzi pomiędzy prawem a społeczeństwem na gruncie postrzegania służb specjalnych oraz regulujących zakres ich działania norm prawnych.Na podstawie wyżej zaprezentowanych analiz częściowo możemy zidentyfikować konkretne obszary badań oraz spróbować wyciągnąć pewne wnioski, jednak dopiero szczegółowa analiza pozwoli udzielić precyzyjnych odpowiedzi na wskazane pytania. Po takim wprowadzeniu do tematyki ewolucji służb specjalnych kolejne prace będą przybliżały do bardziej szczegółowych odpowiedzi na pytania wskazane we wprowadzeniu, mianowicie Jakie na gruncie polskiego prawa możemy przyjąć definicje służb specjalnych? Jakie funkcje realizują w Polsce służby specjalne? Jaka jest relacja służb specjalnych w stosunku do pozostałych służb dyspozycyjnych? Czy rola służb specjalnych w Polsce wzrasta, czy też ich znaczenie słabnie i są marginalizowane?
{"title":"Evolution of Secret Services in Poland. Legal and Social Dimension","authors":"M. Ciesielski","doi":"10.13166/jms/177344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/177344","url":null,"abstract":"Celem zaprezentowanych w ramach opracowania analiz jest wprowadzenie do rozważań na temat relacji pomiędzy postrzeganiem służb specjalnych a kształtem systemu prawnego regulującego ich funkcjonowanie w RP w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat.Przedmiotem badań jest polski system prawa, w ramach którego identyfikowane są normy postępowania dotyczące roli i funkcji służb specjalnych. metoda dogmatyczno-prawna; analiza literatury; analiza przekazów medialnychNiewątpliwie celem, który udało się osiągnąć w ramach przedmiotowego omówienia jest naszkicowanie ogólnych ram relacji jakie zachodzą pomiędzy służbami specjalnymi, opinią publiczną oraz prawem. Tak w kontekście postrzegania samych służb specjalnych, jak i obszarów identyfikowania oraz dekodowania norm prawnych dotyczących służb specjalnych w Polsce, które w ramach dalszych prac pozwolą łatwiej ustrukturyzować analizę wybranych norm, ale także wzajemnego oddziaływania, do jakiego dochodzi pomiędzy prawem a społeczeństwem na gruncie postrzegania służb specjalnych oraz regulujących zakres ich działania norm prawnych.Na podstawie wyżej zaprezentowanych analiz częściowo możemy zidentyfikować konkretne obszary badań oraz spróbować wyciągnąć pewne wnioski, jednak dopiero szczegółowa analiza pozwoli udzielić precyzyjnych odpowiedzi na wskazane pytania. Po takim wprowadzeniu do tematyki ewolucji służb specjalnych kolejne prace będą przybliżały do bardziej szczegółowych odpowiedzi na pytania wskazane we wprowadzeniu, mianowicie Jakie na gruncie polskiego prawa możemy przyjąć definicje służb specjalnych? Jakie funkcje realizują w Polsce służby specjalne? Jaka jest relacja służb specjalnych w stosunku do pozostałych służb dyspozycyjnych? Czy rola służb specjalnych w Polsce wzrasta, czy też ich znaczenie słabnie i są marginalizowane?","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celem badań było sprawdzenie, czy zatrudnienie skazanych na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności istotnie różnicuje ich funkcjonowanie psychiczne.W badaniu wzięło udział 124 skazanych na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności, z których 78 (63%) w chwili badania było zatrudnionych. Do oceny wybranych aspektów funkcjonowania psychicznego wykorzystano Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku (STAI), Kwestionariusz do Oceny Zdrowia Psychicznego wg Goldberga (GHQ-28), Skalę Sprężystości Psychicznej (Ego Resiliency Scale) w adaptacji Łukasza Kaczmarka oraz autorskie narzędzie zatytułowane Izolacja Więzienna jako Sytuacja Stresowa.Badania wykazały, że zatrudnieni skazani na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności, w porównaniu do skazanych na taką samą karę, ale niezatrudnionych, mają istotnie niższy poziom lęku, wyżej oceniają swoje zdrowie psychiczne oraz cechują się wyższą sprężystością psychiczną.Zatrudnianie skazanych, w tym skazanych na kary długoterminowe, przynosi wymierne korzyści. Zapewnianie pracy skazanym na 25 lat więzienia może przyczynić się do ich lepszego funkcjonowania psychicznego, a w perspektywie długofalowej do mniejszej liczby zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych, czy lepszego zdrowia – tak somatycznego, jak i psychicznego.
{"title":"Work and mental functioning of prisoners sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment","authors":"K. Miszewski, Milena Miałkowska-Kozaryna","doi":"10.13166/jms/175989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/175989","url":null,"abstract":"Celem badań było sprawdzenie, czy zatrudnienie skazanych na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności istotnie różnicuje ich funkcjonowanie psychiczne.W badaniu wzięło udział 124 skazanych na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności, z których 78 (63%) w chwili badania było zatrudnionych. Do oceny wybranych aspektów funkcjonowania psychicznego wykorzystano Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku (STAI), Kwestionariusz do Oceny Zdrowia Psychicznego wg Goldberga (GHQ-28), Skalę Sprężystości Psychicznej (Ego Resiliency Scale) w adaptacji Łukasza Kaczmarka oraz autorskie narzędzie zatytułowane Izolacja Więzienna jako Sytuacja Stresowa.Badania wykazały, że zatrudnieni skazani na 25 lat pozbawienia wolności, w porównaniu do skazanych na taką samą karę, ale niezatrudnionych, mają istotnie niższy poziom lęku, wyżej oceniają swoje zdrowie psychiczne oraz cechują się wyższą sprężystością psychiczną.Zatrudnianie skazanych, w tym skazanych na kary długoterminowe, przynosi wymierne korzyści. Zapewnianie pracy skazanym na 25 lat więzienia może przyczynić się do ich lepszego funkcjonowania psychicznego, a w perspektywie długofalowej do mniejszej liczby zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych, czy lepszego zdrowia – tak somatycznego, jak i psychicznego.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of sociological theory, society started to be perceived as a different kind of reality, existing by its own laws as an independently functioning whole. However, from the beginning, there was no consensus among sociologists as to the nature of this totality. Are social wholes merely theoretical constructs or do they exist in reality? The separation of the social and non-social elements of social wholes, as well as the social and non-social systems was also problematic. This problem particularly concerns the interrelationships of the social system, culture, politics, economics and other systems. The holistic, systemic description of social life in sociology has a long history. Sociology has dealt intensively with the question of “systems” and much has been written on the subject. We are confronted with many different systemic perspectives In sociological theory, the notion of “social system” has various meanings and, needless to say, a full presentation of its understanding in sociology remains beyond the scope of this manuscript. The aim of the article is to analyse the ways of interpreting the notion of the system in its classical sociological models: mechanistic and organic, and to indicate the contemporary changes resulting from the spread of the new theory of systems and the new understanding of the social system. The latter is related not only to the new understanding of the subject that sociology deals with, but also to the new understanding of sociology as a science.
{"title":"Disputes over the concept of social system and the critique of sociological reason","authors":"Andrzej Niesporek","doi":"10.13166/jms/175988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13166/jms/175988","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of sociological theory, society started to be perceived as a different kind of reality, existing by its own laws as an independently functioning whole. However, from the beginning, there was no consensus among sociologists as to the nature of this totality. Are social wholes merely theoretical constructs or do they exist in reality? The separation of the social and non-social elements of social wholes, as well as the social and non-social systems was also problematic. This problem particularly concerns the interrelationships of the social system, culture, politics, economics and other systems. The holistic, systemic description of social life in sociology has a long history. Sociology has dealt intensively with the question of “systems” and much has been written on the subject. We are confronted with many different systemic perspectives In sociological theory, the notion of “social system” has various meanings and, needless to say, a full presentation of its understanding in sociology remains beyond the scope of this manuscript. The aim of the article is to analyse the ways of interpreting the notion of the system in its classical sociological models: mechanistic and organic, and to indicate the contemporary changes resulting from the spread of the new theory of systems and the new understanding of the social system. The latter is related not only to the new understanding of the subject that sociology deals with, but also to the new understanding of sociology as a science.","PeriodicalId":16359,"journal":{"name":"Journal of modern science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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