Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.12
Yunus Mohammad
For assessing the proper functions of the kidneys, we need to assess the renal function markers. There are various types of renal markers like radioactive and also which are non - radioactive. The different renal markers are used to assess the GFR.The aim of this dissertation is to study various markers and also analyze the present and newly developed renal function markers that help for diagnosing various clinical abnormalities of this origin.(1)
{"title":"A Study on RFT Markers","authors":"Yunus Mohammad","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.12","url":null,"abstract":"For assessing the proper functions of the kidneys, we need to assess the renal function markers. There are various types of renal markers like radioactive and also which are non - radioactive. The different renal markers are used to assess the GFR.The aim of this dissertation is to study various markers and also analyze the present and newly developed renal function markers that help for diagnosing various clinical abnormalities of this origin.(1)","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.02
Dhanjit Lahkar
Beginning with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 and the subsequent application of X-rays for cancer treatment in 1896, the narrative unfolds through the advancements in radiation therapy modalities. The discussion covers External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), including various techniques like 3D-CRT, IMRT, IGRT, stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton therapy. Emerging technologies such as Tomotherapy, Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), Carbon Ion Therapy, and Brachytherapy are explored, offering tailored approaches for different cancer types. The article delves into the history and advancements of brachytherapy, highlighting its techniques like intracavitary, interstitial, and HDR surface mould brachytherapy. The continuous pursuit of precision, efficacy, and reduced side effects in cancer treatment is evident throughout the narrative. The article emphasizes the crucial role of radiation therapy, employing various ionizing radiation types, in targeting and eradicating cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. The ongoing quest for advancements in technology and techniques reflects the commitment to improving cancer treatment outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of radiation therapy's historical evolution and current state in cancer treatment Keywords: Radiotherapy, EBRT, Brachytherapy, IMRT, SRS, IGRT, Proton therapy
本书从威廉-康拉德-伦琴于 1895 年发现 X 射线以及随后于 1896 年将 X 射线应用于癌症治疗开始，讲述了放射治疗模式的发展。讨论涉及体外放射治疗（EBRT），包括 3D-CRT 、IMRT 、IGRT 、立体定向放射治疗和质子治疗等各种技术。文章还探讨了断层放疗、立体定向放射外科（SRS）、硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）、碳离子疗法和近距离放射治疗等新兴技术，为不同类型的癌症提供量身定制的治疗方法。文章深入探讨了近距离放射治疗的历史和进展，重点介绍了腔内、间质和 HDR 表面模近距离放射治疗等技术。文章通篇贯穿了对癌症治疗的精确性、有效性和减少副作用的不断追求。文章强调了放射治疗的关键作用，即利用各种类型的电离辐射，在靶向消灭癌细胞的同时，尽量减少对正常细胞的伤害。对技术和工艺进步的不断追求反映了对改善癌症治疗效果的承诺。本文全面概述了放射治疗在癌症治疗中的历史演变和现状：放射治疗、EBRT、近距离放射治疗、IMRT、SRS、IGRT、质子治疗
{"title":"Evolution of Radiotherapy- A Brief Review","authors":"Dhanjit Lahkar","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 and the subsequent application of X-rays for cancer treatment in 1896, the narrative unfolds through the advancements in radiation therapy modalities. The discussion covers External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT), including various techniques like 3D-CRT, IMRT, IGRT, stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton therapy. Emerging technologies such as Tomotherapy, Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), Carbon Ion Therapy, and Brachytherapy are explored, offering tailored approaches for different cancer types. The article delves into the history and advancements of brachytherapy, highlighting its techniques like intracavitary, interstitial, and HDR surface mould brachytherapy. The continuous pursuit of precision, efficacy, and reduced side effects in cancer treatment is evident throughout the narrative. The article emphasizes the crucial role of radiation therapy, employing various ionizing radiation types, in targeting and eradicating cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. The ongoing quest for advancements in technology and techniques reflects the commitment to improving cancer treatment outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of radiation therapy's historical evolution and current state in cancer treatment Keywords: Radiotherapy, EBRT, Brachytherapy, IMRT, SRS, IGRT, Proton therapy","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.04
Supriya Mehrotra
A twelve-day-old neonate presented with persistent bilious vomiting and dehydration. A transverse supraumbilical laparotomy was done. Later, he died and autopsy was done. A jejunoileal segment and several other ileal segments were collected. The jejunoileal segment was dilated. It measured 11 cm in length and had a blind end. One of the ileal segments measured 16 cm in length. Ileum showed multiple small diverticulae at the mesenteric border and each diverticula measured 3 to 4 mm in length. Lumen of ileum appeared collapsed or strictured. Further, the lumen of diverticulae contained soft eosinophilic material. He was finally diagnosed as a case of jejunoileal atresia associated with multiple terminal ileal diverticulae. Keywords: Jejunoileal dilatation multiple ileal type IV diverticulosis.
{"title":"Jejunoileal atresia and multiple ileal diverticulae in a twelve-day-old infant: A Case Report","authors":"Supriya Mehrotra","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.04","url":null,"abstract":"A twelve-day-old neonate presented with persistent bilious vomiting and dehydration. A transverse supraumbilical laparotomy was done. Later, he died and autopsy was done. A jejunoileal segment and several other ileal segments were collected. The jejunoileal segment was dilated. It measured 11 cm in length and had a blind end. One of the ileal segments measured 16 cm in length. Ileum showed multiple small diverticulae at the mesenteric border and each diverticula measured 3 to 4 mm in length. Lumen of ileum appeared collapsed or strictured. Further, the lumen of diverticulae contained soft eosinophilic material. He was finally diagnosed as a case of jejunoileal atresia associated with multiple terminal ileal diverticulae. Keywords: Jejunoileal dilatation multiple ileal type IV diverticulosis.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.13
Pratibha Manoharam B.
The objective of the study are to assess knowledge regarding antenatal care among pregnant women. To associate knowledge of pregnant women with their selected demographic variable that is age, area, qualification, occupation, religion, type of family, living of area, dietary pattern. To develop a information booklet on knowledge of antenatal care for pregnant women. Nurses being one of the members in multidisciplinary health care team must have adequate knowledge of the Antenatal Care. The researcher felt the need of a structured interview schedule for pregnant women and intended to assess the knowledge regarding antenatal care . The descriptive research design was used to assess the knowledge regarding Antenatal care among pregnant women of District Hospital Bareilly, (U.P). In view of the nature of problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured interview schedule to assess the knowledge regarding Antenatal care among pregnant women was prepared and used. Validity of the tool was ensured by consulting the guides and experts in the fields of statistics, medicines and Nursing and reliability (0.78) of the tool was tested. The study was carried out in District Hospital Bareilly (U.P) pregnant women were selected by Non probability purposive sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the needed data. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pregnant women knowledge regarding antenatal care is very good .Divided into 4 parts. Excellent 11(36.66%), V.Good15(50%) , Good 4(13.33%) Poor 0 (0%). Hence the total mean average is 706 and mean percentage is 78.43%. Thus by conducting this study we conclude that pregnant women having very good knowledge regarding antenatal care. Keywords: Assess; Knowledge; Antenatal care; pregnant women
{"title":"A study to assess the knowledge regarding antenatal care among pregnant women at District Hospital of Bareilly (U.P.) with a view to develop an information booklet","authors":"Pratibha Manoharam B.","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study are to assess knowledge regarding antenatal care among pregnant women. To associate knowledge of pregnant women with their selected demographic variable that is age, area, qualification, occupation, religion, type of family, living of area, dietary pattern. To develop a information booklet on knowledge of antenatal care for pregnant women. Nurses being one of the members in multidisciplinary health care team must have adequate knowledge of the Antenatal Care. The researcher felt the need of a structured interview schedule for pregnant women and intended to assess the knowledge regarding antenatal care . The descriptive research design was used to assess the knowledge regarding Antenatal care among pregnant women of District Hospital Bareilly, (U.P). In view of the nature of problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, a structured interview schedule to assess the knowledge regarding Antenatal care among pregnant women was prepared and used. Validity of the tool was ensured by consulting the guides and experts in the fields of statistics, medicines and Nursing and reliability (0.78) of the tool was tested. The study was carried out in District Hospital Bareilly (U.P) pregnant women were selected by Non probability purposive sampling technique. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the needed data. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pregnant women knowledge regarding antenatal care is very good .Divided into 4 parts. Excellent 11(36.66%), V.Good15(50%) , Good 4(13.33%) Poor 0 (0%). Hence the total mean average is 706 and mean percentage is 78.43%. Thus by conducting this study we conclude that pregnant women having very good knowledge regarding antenatal care. Keywords: Assess; Knowledge; Antenatal care; pregnant women","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.05
Dr Jayesh Kalbhande
Objective: Tubercular intestinal obstruction is a challenging condition often necessitating surgical intervention. This case study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative management, including antitubercular therapy, short-course steroids, and dietary modifications, in resolving acute and complete intestinal obstruction caused by tuberculosis. Case Description: A 17-year-old malnourished male presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Imaging revealed mid-ileal intestinal obstruction due to tuberculosis. Conservative management, involving intravenous antibiotics, nasogastric decompression, steroids, and antitubercular treatment, led to gradual resolution. The patient experienced recurrent partial obstruction episodes, each managed conservatively with antibiotics, steroids, and dietary adjustments. A slow transition from liquid to solid diet accompanied recovery. After a year of treatment, the patient achieved recovery with weight gain. Conclusion: Tubercular intestinal obstruction, challenging to treat medically, often requires surgery. However, this case demonstrates the successful outcome through a comprehensive conservative approach. The inclusion of steroids alongside antitubercular treatment played a crucial role. Additionally, a cautious transition from liquid to solid diet post-resolution proved effective in preventing recurrence. Conservative management, when tailored to the patient's nutritional needs and disease course, can lead to favorable outcomes in tubercular intestinal obstruction.
{"title":"Conservative management of tubercular intestinal obstruction with antitubercular drugs and steroid","authors":"Dr Jayesh Kalbhande","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Tubercular intestinal obstruction is a challenging condition often necessitating surgical intervention. This case study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative management, including antitubercular therapy, short-course steroids, and dietary modifications, in resolving acute and complete intestinal obstruction caused by tuberculosis. Case Description: A 17-year-old malnourished male presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Imaging revealed mid-ileal intestinal obstruction due to tuberculosis. Conservative management, involving intravenous antibiotics, nasogastric decompression, steroids, and antitubercular treatment, led to gradual resolution. The patient experienced recurrent partial obstruction episodes, each managed conservatively with antibiotics, steroids, and dietary adjustments. A slow transition from liquid to solid diet accompanied recovery. After a year of treatment, the patient achieved recovery with weight gain. Conclusion: Tubercular intestinal obstruction, challenging to treat medically, often requires surgery. However, this case demonstrates the successful outcome through a comprehensive conservative approach. The inclusion of steroids alongside antitubercular treatment played a crucial role. Additionally, a cautious transition from liquid to solid diet post-resolution proved effective in preventing recurrence. Conservative management, when tailored to the patient's nutritional needs and disease course, can lead to favorable outcomes in tubercular intestinal obstruction.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.08
Dr Meenu Aggarwal
Objective; To study the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the patients visiting health centre at Shimla. Methods: Patients visiting the health centre were enquired about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine experienced by them. Results: 38% felt no side effects, neither after 1st dose, nor after 2nd dose. 2% reported improvement in overall health. 18% reported side effects after 2nd dose. 43% experienced side effects after 1st dose. 38% felt no side effects.33% had fever. 8% had body pain, 6% had pain in the arm, 5% had weakness and fatigue.2% had joint pains. 1% each had pain in legs, hypertension, giddiness, stiffness in body and diarrhoea. 1% had clotting. 1% each experienced increase in appetite and improvement in body pains after the vaccination. Conclusions; Majority of the patients had either no side effects or only mild side effects and some had reported in improvement in overall heath. Practical implications: This study demonstrated that benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks.
{"title":"Tumoral Calcinosis (TC) of iliac Crest in a 70 year-Old Female: A Case Report","authors":"Dr Meenu Aggarwal","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective; To study the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the patients visiting health centre at Shimla. Methods: Patients visiting the health centre were enquired about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine experienced by them. Results: 38% felt no side effects, neither after 1st dose, nor after 2nd dose. 2% reported improvement in overall health. 18% reported side effects after 2nd dose. 43% experienced side effects after 1st dose. 38% felt no side effects.33% had fever. 8% had body pain, 6% had pain in the arm, 5% had weakness and fatigue.2% had joint pains. 1% each had pain in legs, hypertension, giddiness, stiffness in body and diarrhoea. 1% had clotting. 1% each experienced increase in appetite and improvement in body pains after the vaccination. Conclusions; Majority of the patients had either no side effects or only mild side effects and some had reported in improvement in overall heath. Practical implications: This study demonstrated that benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"134 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.03
Dhanjit Lahkar
Treatment volume definitions used in three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning are essential in advancing treatment modalities. However, there are many sources of error during the treatment preparation and execution that limit the accuracy. Consequently, a safety margin is required to add to the target to ensure that the planned dose is delivered to the target. Multiple margins surround the tumour to reduce positional inaccuracy, such as Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), etc. The International Commission of Units and Measurement (ICRU) recommended margins in 1978. It was later reviewed in Reports 50 and 62 of ICRU, providing information on margins covering gross volume, clinical volume, and critical structures that should be eliminated as feasible. This article aims to discuss various techniques and methods that various authors have created. Keywords: Margin, Errors, GTV, CTV, ITV, PTV, ICRU 50, ICRU 62, Radiotherapy.
{"title":"Determination of Planning Target Volume in Radiotherapy - A Review","authors":"Dhanjit Lahkar","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment volume definitions used in three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning are essential in advancing treatment modalities. However, there are many sources of error during the treatment preparation and execution that limit the accuracy. Consequently, a safety margin is required to add to the target to ensure that the planned dose is delivered to the target. Multiple margins surround the tumour to reduce positional inaccuracy, such as Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), etc. The International Commission of Units and Measurement (ICRU) recommended margins in 1978. It was later reviewed in Reports 50 and 62 of ICRU, providing information on margins covering gross volume, clinical volume, and critical structures that should be eliminated as feasible. This article aims to discuss various techniques and methods that various authors have created. Keywords: Margin, Errors, GTV, CTV, ITV, PTV, ICRU 50, ICRU 62, Radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"571 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.07
Poonam Maggo Sushant Mittal
Introduction Gestational trophoblastic disease[1 i ] is a rare developmental form of proliferative trophoblastic tissue in women of reproductive age that involves both benign and malignant entities that include hydatidiform mole (complete or partial), choriocarcinoma, invasive mole, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT), and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Four of these known as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia [2 ii], and hydatidiform is most common type of GTD. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease that is almost always malignant, and can metastasize and be fatal if not treated. The ultimate treatment for GTD includes surgery (evacuation of the proliferative trophoblastic tissue, hysterectomy), chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and emerging targeted therapies. It is one of the most chemotherapy responsive and highly curable cancer. In most instances, it is cured by surgical evacuation of the uterus. If persistent, it is treated with chemotherapy which provides response in >90% of the cases. In the unresponsive persistent cases and if the women has completed her child bearing, hysterectomy is generally recommended. Here, we report a case of atypical GTD {uncommon, that is not fitting a single diagnosis} treated by chemotherapy and bilateral uterine artery ligation.
{"title":"Role of Uterine Artery Ligation and Chemotherapy in Atypical Cases of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease: A Case Report of Atypical GTD Diagnosis & Management","authors":"Poonam Maggo Sushant Mittal","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Gestational trophoblastic disease[1 i ] is a rare developmental form of proliferative trophoblastic tissue in women of reproductive age that involves both benign and malignant entities that include hydatidiform mole (complete or partial), choriocarcinoma, invasive mole, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT), and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Four of these known as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia [2 ii], and hydatidiform is most common type of GTD. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease that is almost always malignant, and can metastasize and be fatal if not treated. The ultimate treatment for GTD includes surgery (evacuation of the proliferative trophoblastic tissue, hysterectomy), chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and emerging targeted therapies. It is one of the most chemotherapy responsive and highly curable cancer. In most instances, it is cured by surgical evacuation of the uterus. If persistent, it is treated with chemotherapy which provides response in >90% of the cases. In the unresponsive persistent cases and if the women has completed her child bearing, hysterectomy is generally recommended. Here, we report a case of atypical GTD {uncommon, that is not fitting a single diagnosis} treated by chemotherapy and bilateral uterine artery ligation.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.09
Dr Rajshree
Background and Aim: The study aims to identify whether ETCO2 detects early hypoxia compared to monitoring of SpO2, HR and RR (Standard Monitor) in patients undergoing surgical procedure under MAC. Method: Total 336 patients belonging to Age group of 18-60 years, ASA grade 1 and grade 2, procedure lasting for <4hrs, undergoing sedation under MAC for day care surgery. Measurements of Spo2, HR, RR, ETCO2, NIBP done by applying monitors. Nasal cannula also put for supplemental Oxygen. Result: Overall 92 episodes of disordered ventilation were detected out of which 67 were detected by ETCO2 (44- Hypoventilation and 23- Apnoea) and 25 were detected by Pulse Oximetry (4- Hypoventilation and 21- desaturation. Overall a mean delay of 51.04 seconds was seen in detection by Pulse Oximetry. Conclusion: In the study it was concluded that patients under sedation, underwent frequent episodes of disordered ventilation leading to hypoxia. In such scenarios it was seen that ETCO2 monitoring provided a practical advantage of detecting hypoventilation and apnea earlier than Pulse Oximetry showing desaturation. Keywords: Capnography, ETCO2, pulse oximetry.
{"title":"Observational Cross-Sectional Study of ETCO2 and Pulse Oximetry for Early Detection of Hypoxia in MAC Patient (Monitored Anaesthesia Care)","authors":"Dr Rajshree","doi":"10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The study aims to identify whether ETCO2 detects early hypoxia compared to monitoring of SpO2, HR and RR (Standard Monitor) in patients undergoing surgical procedure under MAC. Method: Total 336 patients belonging to Age group of 18-60 years, ASA grade 1 and grade 2, procedure lasting for <4hrs, undergoing sedation under MAC for day care surgery. Measurements of Spo2, HR, RR, ETCO2, NIBP done by applying monitors. Nasal cannula also put for supplemental Oxygen. Result: Overall 92 episodes of disordered ventilation were detected out of which 67 were detected by ETCO2 (44- Hypoventilation and 23- Apnoea) and 25 were detected by Pulse Oximetry (4- Hypoventilation and 21- desaturation. Overall a mean delay of 51.04 seconds was seen in detection by Pulse Oximetry. Conclusion: In the study it was concluded that patients under sedation, underwent frequent episodes of disordered ventilation leading to hypoxia. In such scenarios it was seen that ETCO2 monitoring provided a practical advantage of detecting hypoventilation and apnea earlier than Pulse Oximetry showing desaturation. Keywords: Capnography, ETCO2, pulse oximetry.","PeriodicalId":16362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v12i02.11
D. Hg
Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor (PTT) is a rare tumor of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle with different biological behavior. They usually develop in older patients, most commonly affecting women, from pre-existing pilar cyst. Histologically, this tumor may mimic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The standard of treatment is surgical excision with a margin of normal tissue. As most of the patients are not good surgical candidates, Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of this tumor. We report a case of PTT on the occipital region of a 79-year-old female with its brief overview. In view of large size of the lesion and advanced age of the patient, Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy was planned and delivered. A near complete response of the lesion to radiotherapy was observed with good cosmesis. We discuss the role of radiotherapy in the management of PTT in various settings with literature review. Keywords: Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor, Proliferating Pilar Tumor, Radical Radiotherapy, Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, outer root sheath tumor, skin cancer, scalp tumor, cosmesis.
增生性毛囊外根鞘肿瘤（PTT）是一种罕见的毛囊外根鞘肿瘤，具有不同的生物学行为。这种肿瘤通常发生在年龄较大的患者身上，最常见于女性，由原有的毛囊角化囊肿演变而来。从组织学角度看，这种肿瘤可能与鳞状细胞癌（SCC）相似。标准的治疗方法是手术切除，并保留正常组织的边缘。由于大多数患者不适合手术治疗，因此放射治疗在这种肿瘤的治疗中发挥着重要作用。我们报告了一例 79 岁女性枕部 PTT 病例及其简要概述。鉴于病灶巨大且患者年事已高，我们计划并实施了新辅助放疗。观察到病灶对放疗接近完全反应，且外观良好。我们结合文献综述讨论了放疗在不同情况下治疗 PTT 中的作用。关键词增生性三尖瓣瘤、增生性皮瓣瘤、根治性放疗、新辅助放疗、外根鞘瘤、皮肤癌、头皮肿瘤、外观。
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