Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_20
K. Nikam, K. Wingkar, Rajendrakumar Katte, Rajesh Joshi, Rajashekar K. Kallur
Background: Tobacco usage is a foremost avoidable risk factor for the progress and development of the psychological disease, its deleterious psychological effects through multiple mechanisms.To find out psychosocial impact in correlation to urinary cotinine levels of tobacco chewers (TC) and non tobacco chewers (NTC). Materials and Methods: A total of 600 TC and NTC (18–65 years) were studied using the Hamilton anxiety (Ham-A) and Hamilton depression (Ham-D) scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) scale, and structured questionnaire. Results: Psychosocial response by anxiety and depression scale for NTC and TC mean score comparison was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean urinary cotinine value in TC was increased as compared to the NTC group. Correlation of urinary cotinine levels with Ham-A, Ham-D, and FTND-ST was found significant (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting optimal scores for FTND-ST was 4.5 and 16.5 for anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This is the first report from Belgaum which illuminates the linkage between tobacco chewing, psychological health risk factors, and addiction burden with urinary cotinine levels.
{"title":"Psychosocial burden of addiction: A study in correlation to urinary cotinine levels in tobacco chewers","authors":"K. Nikam, K. Wingkar, Rajendrakumar Katte, Rajesh Joshi, Rajashekar K. Kallur","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_156_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco usage is a foremost avoidable risk factor for the progress and development of the psychological disease, its deleterious psychological effects through multiple mechanisms.To find out psychosocial impact in correlation to urinary cotinine levels of tobacco chewers (TC) and non tobacco chewers (NTC). Materials and Methods: A total of 600 TC and NTC (18–65 years) were studied using the Hamilton anxiety (Ham-A) and Hamilton depression (Ham-D) scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) scale, and structured questionnaire. Results: Psychosocial response by anxiety and depression scale for NTC and TC mean score comparison was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean urinary cotinine value in TC was increased as compared to the NTC group. Correlation of urinary cotinine levels with Ham-A, Ham-D, and FTND-ST was found significant (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting optimal scores for FTND-ST was 4.5 and 16.5 for anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This is the first report from Belgaum which illuminates the linkage between tobacco chewing, psychological health risk factors, and addiction burden with urinary cotinine levels.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"161 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_103_20
P. Rajendiran, N. Saravanan, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, S. Sankar, N. David, A. Nair, Rajasekar Aruliah, B. Nandagopal, G. Sridharan
Introduction: TORCH-S agents include Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (1 and 2), and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) which are transmissible in utero at various stages of gestation. Description of the Hypothesis Tested: TORCH-S agents are known to cause adverse fetal outcomes and pregnancy loss. The Approach Used: Pregnant women attending a multispecialty hospital for regular antenatal care and high-risk pregnant women with a bad obstetric outcome from a rural area of Vellore District were recruited. A total of 180 pregnant women recruited from two centers were used. Pregnant women were evaluated for their serological status (IgM and IgG) against TORCH-S agents using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits available for respective pathogens. Results: Among the samples (n = 180) collected, IgM antibodies were positive in 3 (1.66%) for Toxoplasma gondii and 1 (0.55%) for HSV1. IgG antibodies were positive in 14 (7.77%) women for T. gondii, 152 (84.44%) for Rubella virus, 110 (61.11%) for CMV, 125 (69.44%) for the HSV-1 (16.66%), 30 were positive for HSV-2, and 5 (2.77%) women were positive for Treponema pallidum. In the 17–25-year age group, the number of IgG positives for T. gondii and HSV-2 were lower compared to other pathogens. Conclusions: The study reports a high prevalence of IgG to TORCH-S agents in pregnant women indicating a high risk among these populations. Routine screening for TORCH-S agents among antenatal women is warranted as timely diagnosis, and proper intervention could help initiate appropriate management. Information of these infections could help the clinicians for appropriate counseling on the potential for adverse fetal outcomes and preventive measures to the mothers.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of TORCH-S infections among pregnant woman: A study from vellore district (South India)","authors":"P. Rajendiran, N. Saravanan, Mageshbabu Ramamurthy, S. Sankar, N. David, A. Nair, Rajasekar Aruliah, B. Nandagopal, G. Sridharan","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_103_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_103_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: TORCH-S agents include Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (1 and 2), and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) which are transmissible in utero at various stages of gestation. Description of the Hypothesis Tested: TORCH-S agents are known to cause adverse fetal outcomes and pregnancy loss. The Approach Used: Pregnant women attending a multispecialty hospital for regular antenatal care and high-risk pregnant women with a bad obstetric outcome from a rural area of Vellore District were recruited. A total of 180 pregnant women recruited from two centers were used. Pregnant women were evaluated for their serological status (IgM and IgG) against TORCH-S agents using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits available for respective pathogens. Results: Among the samples (n = 180) collected, IgM antibodies were positive in 3 (1.66%) for Toxoplasma gondii and 1 (0.55%) for HSV1. IgG antibodies were positive in 14 (7.77%) women for T. gondii, 152 (84.44%) for Rubella virus, 110 (61.11%) for CMV, 125 (69.44%) for the HSV-1 (16.66%), 30 were positive for HSV-2, and 5 (2.77%) women were positive for Treponema pallidum. In the 17–25-year age group, the number of IgG positives for T. gondii and HSV-2 were lower compared to other pathogens. Conclusions: The study reports a high prevalence of IgG to TORCH-S agents in pregnant women indicating a high risk among these populations. Routine screening for TORCH-S agents among antenatal women is warranted as timely diagnosis, and proper intervention could help initiate appropriate management. Information of these infections could help the clinicians for appropriate counseling on the potential for adverse fetal outcomes and preventive measures to the mothers.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"170 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76991059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_147_20
Rohit Jeswani, Yamini Patil, S. Patil
Background: Despite advances in obstetrics and neonatal care, the rate of incidence of preterm births continues to increase. Use of tocolytic agents such as magnesium sulfate and isoxsuprine could help in arresting preterm labor. Considering the paucity in studies comparing these two agents, a comparative analysis is obligatory. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the safety, efficacy, and success rate of magnesium sulfate and isoxsuprine in the arrest of preterm labor. Methodology: Eighty-two antenatal women belonging to 28–37 weeks of gestational age, with regular uterine contractions, cervical dilatation (≤3 cm), and <50% cervical effacement admitted with complaints of preterm labor pain were randomly allocated into two groups with 41 participants in each group. Group 1 received 40 mg isoxsuprine for 24 h and later, isoxsuprine capsule 40 mg was given orally twice a day for 7 days, and Group 2 received 4 g magnesium sulfate for 12 h if uterine quiescence was achieved by the end of 2 h. Demographic data, medical history, and clinical data were collected. The outcome variables measured included side effects and the success rate (effacement% and cervical dilatation). Statistical analysis was performed using R software (Version 3.6.0). Results: The majority of the patients in both the groups with <25% effacement had successful tocolysis (P > 0.05). In Group 2, patients with <1 cm of cervical dilatation had successful tocolysis compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). A highly significant association was observed between the percentage of effacement and cervical dilation, successful tocolysis (P < 0.001). Tachycardia and hypertension were observed more in Group 1, whereas nausea and vomiting were common in Group 2. The overall success rate was better in Group 2 (85.37%) compared to Group 1 (65.85%). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate was slightly more effective in arresting preterm labor with lesser side effects as compared to isoxsuprine.
{"title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate and isoxsuprine for arrest of preterm labor: A comparative study","authors":"Rohit Jeswani, Yamini Patil, S. Patil","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_147_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_147_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite advances in obstetrics and neonatal care, the rate of incidence of preterm births continues to increase. Use of tocolytic agents such as magnesium sulfate and isoxsuprine could help in arresting preterm labor. Considering the paucity in studies comparing these two agents, a comparative analysis is obligatory. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the safety, efficacy, and success rate of magnesium sulfate and isoxsuprine in the arrest of preterm labor. Methodology: Eighty-two antenatal women belonging to 28–37 weeks of gestational age, with regular uterine contractions, cervical dilatation (≤3 cm), and <50% cervical effacement admitted with complaints of preterm labor pain were randomly allocated into two groups with 41 participants in each group. Group 1 received 40 mg isoxsuprine for 24 h and later, isoxsuprine capsule 40 mg was given orally twice a day for 7 days, and Group 2 received 4 g magnesium sulfate for 12 h if uterine quiescence was achieved by the end of 2 h. Demographic data, medical history, and clinical data were collected. The outcome variables measured included side effects and the success rate (effacement% and cervical dilatation). Statistical analysis was performed using R software (Version 3.6.0). Results: The majority of the patients in both the groups with <25% effacement had successful tocolysis (P > 0.05). In Group 2, patients with <1 cm of cervical dilatation had successful tocolysis compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). A highly significant association was observed between the percentage of effacement and cervical dilation, successful tocolysis (P < 0.001). Tachycardia and hypertension were observed more in Group 1, whereas nausea and vomiting were common in Group 2. The overall success rate was better in Group 2 (85.37%) compared to Group 1 (65.85%). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate was slightly more effective in arresting preterm labor with lesser side effects as compared to isoxsuprine.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"135 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84169613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_20
B. Goswami, Swapan Sarkar, B. Bhattacharjee, Shauli Sengupta
Background: The serum nitric oxide (NO) data in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients reported by different scientific literature are controversial. Some research articles reported increased NO levels in diabetes patients, whereas others reported the opposite. Hence, this study was designed to compare the serum NO levels in T2DM patients with or without hypertension among subjects reporting to the Diabetes Nutrition Clinic (DNC) of a tertiary care hospital of Tripura. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate serum levels of NO among Type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension, to determine the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene expression at the transcriptional level, and also to assess the correlation between serum NO and eNOS gene expression among the study subjects. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 among 198 diabetic patients attending the DNC of a tertiary care hospital of Tripura. Estimation of serum NO was performed using the ELISA technique and eNOS gene expression was performed using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 25. Results: This study was conducted among 98 type 2 diabetic patients having hypertension and 100 controls, i.e., type 2 diabetics without hypertension. The mean serum level of NO in diabetic patients with hypertension was 35.35 ± 13.65 μmoles/L, whereas in the control group, i. e., diabetic patients without hypertension, it was 89.83 ± 10.29 μmoles/L, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was also found between serum NO level and eNOS gene expression among the study subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion, significantly higher serum NO levels were observed among the T2DM patients without hypertension as compared to the T2DM patients having hypertension.
{"title":"Serum levels of nitric oxide and its correlation with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression among type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension: A comparative study in a tertiary care hospital of North East India","authors":"B. Goswami, Swapan Sarkar, B. Bhattacharjee, Shauli Sengupta","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_205_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The serum nitric oxide (NO) data in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients reported by different scientific literature are controversial. Some research articles reported increased NO levels in diabetes patients, whereas others reported the opposite. Hence, this study was designed to compare the serum NO levels in T2DM patients with or without hypertension among subjects reporting to the Diabetes Nutrition Clinic (DNC) of a tertiary care hospital of Tripura. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate serum levels of NO among Type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension, to determine the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene expression at the transcriptional level, and also to assess the correlation between serum NO and eNOS gene expression among the study subjects. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 among 198 diabetic patients attending the DNC of a tertiary care hospital of Tripura. Estimation of serum NO was performed using the ELISA technique and eNOS gene expression was performed using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 25. Results: This study was conducted among 98 type 2 diabetic patients having hypertension and 100 controls, i.e., type 2 diabetics without hypertension. The mean serum level of NO in diabetic patients with hypertension was 35.35 ± 13.65 μmoles/L, whereas in the control group, i. e., diabetic patients without hypertension, it was 89.83 ± 10.29 μmoles/L, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was also found between serum NO level and eNOS gene expression among the study subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion, significantly higher serum NO levels were observed among the T2DM patients without hypertension as compared to the T2DM patients having hypertension.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"207 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87597246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_12_21
A. Deep, S. Thakur, Cheranjeevi Jayam
Impaction of teeth is a relatively common manifestation that comes across a clinician, however, multiple impacted unerupted teeth are rarely seen and are manifested due to several genetic, systemic, and local factors. In this case report, A 14-year-old male patient presented with unilateral multiple impacted unerupted primary and permanent teeth affecting the left side of the face and also delayed eruption of teeth on the opposite side. The history and relevant clinical findings depicted a picture toward primary failure of eruption (PFE) as provisional diagnosis. This paper also discusses the clinical presentation of the case and various treatment options that can be employed for the management of such a case. The rarity of this case report lies in the fact that although PFE is seen with a common picture of bilateral involvement based on the clinical and radiographic presentation, this case report presented with unilateral involvement of the dentition, a less commonly described variant in the literature.
{"title":"An interesting case of unilateral multiple impacted unerupted teeth in a young adolescent child: A case report and discussion","authors":"A. Deep, S. Thakur, Cheranjeevi Jayam","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"Impaction of teeth is a relatively common manifestation that comes across a clinician, however, multiple impacted unerupted teeth are rarely seen and are manifested due to several genetic, systemic, and local factors. In this case report, A 14-year-old male patient presented with unilateral multiple impacted unerupted primary and permanent teeth affecting the left side of the face and also delayed eruption of teeth on the opposite side. The history and relevant clinical findings depicted a picture toward primary failure of eruption (PFE) as provisional diagnosis. This paper also discusses the clinical presentation of the case and various treatment options that can be employed for the management of such a case. The rarity of this case report lies in the fact that although PFE is seen with a common picture of bilateral involvement based on the clinical and radiographic presentation, this case report presented with unilateral involvement of the dentition, a less commonly described variant in the literature.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"256 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88444552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_48_21
A. Praveen, R. Thriveni, Dipanwita Chakraborty, Malashri Ghatke, Miriyala Shree Vibha
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor which can occur extraosseous or intraosseous. The etiopathogenesis of CEOT is not known. It has a propensity toward mandibular molar ramus region and has no sex predilection. The treatment of choice for CEOT ranges from either enucleation, curettage to enucleation, marginal/segmental resection, and radical and extensive resection (hemimandibulectomy) or hemimaxillectomy. This case report describes an incidence and clinical management of CEOT in a young female patient.
{"title":"A rare occurrence of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in a young female","authors":"A. Praveen, R. Thriveni, Dipanwita Chakraborty, Malashri Ghatke, Miriyala Shree Vibha","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_48_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_48_21","url":null,"abstract":"Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor which can occur extraosseous or intraosseous. The etiopathogenesis of CEOT is not known. It has a propensity toward mandibular molar ramus region and has no sex predilection. The treatment of choice for CEOT ranges from either enucleation, curettage to enucleation, marginal/segmental resection, and radical and extensive resection (hemimandibulectomy) or hemimaxillectomy. This case report describes an incidence and clinical management of CEOT in a young female patient.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"268 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74465973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_123_20
T. Samara, H. Wibowo, I. Liem, A. Prijanti, Andrijono
Background: Cullin 1 (CUL1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and p21 are proteins that play a role in pregnancy. CUL1 and VEGF are proangiogenic factors, whereas p21 is an antiangiogenic factor. An imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is one of the various factors that cause pre-eclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to analyze CUL1 levels in the relationship with VEGF levels and p21 levels based on gestational age at delivery in PE. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 70 placentas from PE patients divided in two groups of gestational age at delivery: <34 weeks and ≥34 weeks. Levels of CUL1, VEGF, and p21 were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Statistical analysis was assessed by Spearman correlation test and Chi-square test, with a significant P < 0.05. Results: Low levels of CUL1 and low levels of VEGF were related with <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery, whereas high levels of CUL1 and high levels VEGF were related with ≥34 weeks of gestational age at delivery. There was a negative correlation between the high ratios of p21/CUL1 and <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery in PE. Conclusions: Low levels of CUL1 and low levels VEGF and high ratios of p21/CUL1 were associated with <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery in PE.
{"title":"Cullin 1 as a proangiogenic factor and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor and p21 are associated with the length of gestational age of pre-eclampsia","authors":"T. Samara, H. Wibowo, I. Liem, A. Prijanti, Andrijono","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_123_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_123_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cullin 1 (CUL1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and p21 are proteins that play a role in pregnancy. CUL1 and VEGF are proangiogenic factors, whereas p21 is an antiangiogenic factor. An imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is one of the various factors that cause pre-eclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to analyze CUL1 levels in the relationship with VEGF levels and p21 levels based on gestational age at delivery in PE. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 70 placentas from PE patients divided in two groups of gestational age at delivery: <34 weeks and ≥34 weeks. Levels of CUL1, VEGF, and p21 were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Statistical analysis was assessed by Spearman correlation test and Chi-square test, with a significant P < 0.05. Results: Low levels of CUL1 and low levels of VEGF were related with <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery, whereas high levels of CUL1 and high levels VEGF were related with ≥34 weeks of gestational age at delivery. There was a negative correlation between the high ratios of p21/CUL1 and <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery in PE. Conclusions: Low levels of CUL1 and low levels VEGF and high ratios of p21/CUL1 were associated with <34 weeks of gestational age at delivery in PE.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"140 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89832887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_99_20
Vinod Kumar, M. Shakir, R. Koppalkar, Anisha Nanda, B. Karthika, Aleena Babu, K. Pravin
Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a recent infant orthopedic appliance constructed in cleft lip and palate patients below 3–4 months of age because the moldability of primary cartilage is very high due to high estrogen content in infants below 4 months of age. We started NAM therapy in this case at 3 weeks of age and continued till 4 months of age, the cleft lip gap decreased from 19 mm to 9 mm and palate (alveolar) gap reduced from 9 mm to 3 mm, there was also improvement in nasal anatomy. This is an important case report in which we have successfully completed NAM therapy and also followed the case after lip surgery for 6 months which resulted in better surgical outcome in terms of function and esthetics. In conclusion, we suggest that presurgical NAM improves esthetics, decreases cleft deformities, and prepares the patients for less surgical procedures with better results.
{"title":"Presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy in cleft lip palate infant: A successful case report","authors":"Vinod Kumar, M. Shakir, R. Koppalkar, Anisha Nanda, B. Karthika, Aleena Babu, K. Pravin","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_99_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_99_20","url":null,"abstract":"Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a recent infant orthopedic appliance constructed in cleft lip and palate patients below 3–4 months of age because the moldability of primary cartilage is very high due to high estrogen content in infants below 4 months of age. We started NAM therapy in this case at 3 weeks of age and continued till 4 months of age, the cleft lip gap decreased from 19 mm to 9 mm and palate (alveolar) gap reduced from 9 mm to 3 mm, there was also improvement in nasal anatomy. This is an important case report in which we have successfully completed NAM therapy and also followed the case after lip surgery for 6 months which resulted in better surgical outcome in terms of function and esthetics. In conclusion, we suggest that presurgical NAM improves esthetics, decreases cleft deformities, and prepares the patients for less surgical procedures with better results.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"157 1","pages":"263 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_20
G. Mukthayakka, A. Sajjan, R. Kashid
Background: Plasmodium vivax is reported to be the predominant cause of malaria in India. Recent emergence of resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) drugs has been attributed to multiple mutations in pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr regions of P. vivax, respectively. Hence, in this study, we have assessed the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes for CQ and SP drug resistance, respectively, in cases of malaria from two regions of South India. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 P. vivax isolates from Bengaluru and Vijayapura were collected and sequenced for pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes, and the SNPs were analyzed. Results: Out of the total 45 positive P. vivax samples assessed in this study, 36 samples were mono infection cases. No wild-type pvmdr-1 gene was observed in any of the samples analyzed. Predominant presence (83.3%) of double mutations (T958M and F1076L) was observed. In the pvdhfr gene, wild-type (36.1%) and two mutations (41.6%; S58R and S117N) were observed. New mutations were not detected in pvmdr-1 or pvdhfr gene in this study. Conclusion: The present study reports the presence of SNPs in both pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes in P. vivax isolates from Bengaluru and Vijayapura. Continuous monitoring of drug resistance to antimalarial drugs is essential for undertaking optimal public health measures tailored to selected regions.
{"title":"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance of Plasmodium vivax in two regions of South India","authors":"G. Mukthayakka, A. Sajjan, R. Kashid","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_167_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plasmodium vivax is reported to be the predominant cause of malaria in India. Recent emergence of resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) drugs has been attributed to multiple mutations in pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr regions of P. vivax, respectively. Hence, in this study, we have assessed the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes for CQ and SP drug resistance, respectively, in cases of malaria from two regions of South India. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 P. vivax isolates from Bengaluru and Vijayapura were collected and sequenced for pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes, and the SNPs were analyzed. Results: Out of the total 45 positive P. vivax samples assessed in this study, 36 samples were mono infection cases. No wild-type pvmdr-1 gene was observed in any of the samples analyzed. Predominant presence (83.3%) of double mutations (T958M and F1076L) was observed. In the pvdhfr gene, wild-type (36.1%) and two mutations (41.6%; S58R and S117N) were observed. New mutations were not detected in pvmdr-1 or pvdhfr gene in this study. Conclusion: The present study reports the presence of SNPs in both pvmdr-1 and pvdhfr genes in P. vivax isolates from Bengaluru and Vijayapura. Continuous monitoring of drug resistance to antimalarial drugs is essential for undertaking optimal public health measures tailored to selected regions.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"175 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88910783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_13_21
Y. Tej, A. Hegde, Chethan B. Shetty
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the second-most common pediatric orthopedic condition in our country. The management of children presenting with DDH in the walking stage is primarily by surgical approach due to the changes in the femoral head, acetabulum, and other soft tissues surrounding the joint. This study evaluated the functional and radiological outcome of children with DDH in the walking age group who underwent open reduction with or without femur or pelvic osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Retro-prospective Cohort Study was conducted in tertiary care hospital. All children underwent open reduction through a standard anterior approach. The hip was reduced, and stability was assessed intraoperatively, and osteotomy was performed. The functional and radiological outcome was assessed at the end of follow-up; various variables which influence the outcome were looked. Chi-square test was used to measure the association between the types of surgery with the outcome, Tonnis grade with the outcome, and these are expressed as frequency and percentage. Results: Sixty-six percent of hips in our study had excellent functional outcomes, 27% had a good outcome. About 68% of hips in our study had excellent, and 2.5% of hips in our study had a poor radiological outcome. Conclusions: The assessment of outcomes suggested that appropriate surgery based on age and intraoperative assessment will give satisfactory functional outcome, irrespective of whether acetabular/femoral procedures are done. The re-surgeries rate in our study was low as all of them had single staged combined surgical intervention.
{"title":"Functional and radiological outcome of single-stage surgical treatment of late presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip","authors":"Y. Tej, A. Hegde, Chethan B. Shetty","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_13_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_13_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the second-most common pediatric orthopedic condition in our country. The management of children presenting with DDH in the walking stage is primarily by surgical approach due to the changes in the femoral head, acetabulum, and other soft tissues surrounding the joint. This study evaluated the functional and radiological outcome of children with DDH in the walking age group who underwent open reduction with or without femur or pelvic osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Retro-prospective Cohort Study was conducted in tertiary care hospital. All children underwent open reduction through a standard anterior approach. The hip was reduced, and stability was assessed intraoperatively, and osteotomy was performed. The functional and radiological outcome was assessed at the end of follow-up; various variables which influence the outcome were looked. Chi-square test was used to measure the association between the types of surgery with the outcome, Tonnis grade with the outcome, and these are expressed as frequency and percentage. Results: Sixty-six percent of hips in our study had excellent functional outcomes, 27% had a good outcome. About 68% of hips in our study had excellent, and 2.5% of hips in our study had a poor radiological outcome. Conclusions: The assessment of outcomes suggested that appropriate surgery based on age and intraoperative assessment will give satisfactory functional outcome, irrespective of whether acetabular/femoral procedures are done. The re-surgeries rate in our study was low as all of them had single staged combined surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"198 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81267817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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