Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_59_20
Thejaswi Dodderi, Lekshana Umesh, Shahana Hakkeem
Introduction: The 21st-century lifestyle has swallowing accompanied by competing cognitive activities (texting, reading, and television watching). The potential influence of competing cognitive tasks on swallowing and vice versa is not completely understood. Aim of the Study: This study examined the swallowing and cognitive abilities of healthy young and middle-aged adults in isolated condition and compared their performance with a competing swallow-cognitive dual task. Materials and Methods: Swallowing ability of thirty healthy young adults (20–40 years) and thirty healthy middle-aged adults (41–60 years) were measured by 100-ml thin liquids swallowing, and the cognitive ability was assessed by number recognition task. The two tasks performed in isolation and competing dual-task conditions were observed for changes in: (a) swallowing indices-volume/swallow, time/swallow, and swallow capacity; and (b) cognitive performance-reaction time. Results: Healthy young adults had better swallowing indices and faster number recognition compared to middle-aged adults, in isolated as well as dual-competing condition. Male participants 100-ml swallow capacity was higher, and their number recognition quicker than female participants. Multivariate Analysis of Variance with the main effect of age and gender suggested a statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 in isolated and competing-dual task conditions. Conclusion: Overall, the state of evidence suggests there exists a cumbersome influence of competing cognitive resources on swallowing performance and vice versa.
{"title":"Measuring Effects of Competing Swallowing-Cognitive Task on 100-ml Water Swallowing and Number Recognition: A Crossover Comparative Study in Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Adults","authors":"Thejaswi Dodderi, Lekshana Umesh, Shahana Hakkeem","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_59_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_59_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The 21st-century lifestyle has swallowing accompanied by competing cognitive activities (texting, reading, and television watching). The potential influence of competing cognitive tasks on swallowing and vice versa is not completely understood. Aim of the Study: This study examined the swallowing and cognitive abilities of healthy young and middle-aged adults in isolated condition and compared their performance with a competing swallow-cognitive dual task. Materials and Methods: Swallowing ability of thirty healthy young adults (20–40 years) and thirty healthy middle-aged adults (41–60 years) were measured by 100-ml thin liquids swallowing, and the cognitive ability was assessed by number recognition task. The two tasks performed in isolation and competing dual-task conditions were observed for changes in: (a) swallowing indices-volume/swallow, time/swallow, and swallow capacity; and (b) cognitive performance-reaction time. Results: Healthy young adults had better swallowing indices and faster number recognition compared to middle-aged adults, in isolated as well as dual-competing condition. Male participants 100-ml swallow capacity was higher, and their number recognition quicker than female participants. Multivariate Analysis of Variance with the main effect of age and gender suggested a statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 in isolated and competing-dual task conditions. Conclusion: Overall, the state of evidence suggests there exists a cumbersome influence of competing cognitive resources on swallowing performance and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"75 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72371672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_22_20
C. Neeharika Rao, L. Arunachalam, U. Sudhakar
Introduction: Periodontal disease, infectious in origin and inflammatory in progression ultimately leads to destruction of periodontium. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) help in identifying the molecular patterns displayed on the bacteria and mount an immune response. Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain receptors (NOD1 and NOD2) are cytosolic PRRs involved in the immunopathogenic process involved in the periodontal diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate distribution of NOD1 and NOD2 and to compare and correlate the NOD1 and NOD2 expression in gingival samples from healthy, chronic, and aggressive periodontitis participants. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants participated in the study and were divided into three groups of 20 individuals each - Group I (healthy), Group II (chronic periodontitis), and Group III (aggressive periodontitis) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gingival tissue samples were collected during periodontal flap surgery, crown lengthening procedure in periodontitis individuals and healthy controls, respectively. The levels of NOD1 and NOD2 in the gingival samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The NOD1 and NOD2 levels were higher in Group III (aggressive periodontitis) followed by Group II (chronic periodontitis) and lowest in Group I (healthy). Comparison of mean NOD1 and NOD2 between the three Groups showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed on correlating NOD1 and NOD2 with the clinical parameters (gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss). Conclusion: Epithelial localization of NOD1 and NOD2 was more in periodontitis than in healthy tissue. These findings indicate that NOD1 and NOD2 play an indispensable role at the forefront in innate immunity.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 1 and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2 receptors in periodontal health and disease","authors":"C. Neeharika Rao, L. Arunachalam, U. Sudhakar","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontal disease, infectious in origin and inflammatory in progression ultimately leads to destruction of periodontium. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) help in identifying the molecular patterns displayed on the bacteria and mount an immune response. Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain receptors (NOD1 and NOD2) are cytosolic PRRs involved in the immunopathogenic process involved in the periodontal diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate distribution of NOD1 and NOD2 and to compare and correlate the NOD1 and NOD2 expression in gingival samples from healthy, chronic, and aggressive periodontitis participants. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants participated in the study and were divided into three groups of 20 individuals each - Group I (healthy), Group II (chronic periodontitis), and Group III (aggressive periodontitis) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gingival tissue samples were collected during periodontal flap surgery, crown lengthening procedure in periodontitis individuals and healthy controls, respectively. The levels of NOD1 and NOD2 in the gingival samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The NOD1 and NOD2 levels were higher in Group III (aggressive periodontitis) followed by Group II (chronic periodontitis) and lowest in Group I (healthy). Comparison of mean NOD1 and NOD2 between the three Groups showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed on correlating NOD1 and NOD2 with the clinical parameters (gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss). Conclusion: Epithelial localization of NOD1 and NOD2 was more in periodontitis than in healthy tissue. These findings indicate that NOD1 and NOD2 play an indispensable role at the forefront in innate immunity.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"145 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85915807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_199_19
V. Sengodan, N. Thiagarajan, I. Raajendiren
Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common and recurring cause of heel pain in adults. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from autologous blood contains a high concentration of growth factors necessary for tissue healing and offer potential treatment for plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Coimbatore medical college hospital as a day care procedure. Between May and September 2017, 100 patients with chronic plantar fasciitis with a mean age of 40 years were included in this prospective study and were treated with single autologous PRP injection. All patients were assessed for the pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American orthopedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS) both preinjection and postsingle injection of PRP. Results: The average pain perception before injection as assessed using VAS was observed to be 9.1. Before PRP injection, 72% of patients had severe limitation of activities and 28% of patients had moderate limitation of activities. Following the administration of PRP, VAS decreased to 1.6. Eighty-eight patients were completely satisfied; eight patients were satisfied with reservation, whereas four patients were unsatisfied with the treatment outcome. AOFAS improved from 52 to 90, thus establishing its therapeutic efficacy both at 8 weeks and 3 months posttreatment. Conclusion: The results of this study support that injection of autologous PRP is safe, does not affect the biomechanical function of the foot and is efficacious in improving plantar fasciitis.
{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of platelet rich plasma injection for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis","authors":"V. Sengodan, N. Thiagarajan, I. Raajendiren","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_199_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_199_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common and recurring cause of heel pain in adults. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derived from autologous blood contains a high concentration of growth factors necessary for tissue healing and offer potential treatment for plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Coimbatore medical college hospital as a day care procedure. Between May and September 2017, 100 patients with chronic plantar fasciitis with a mean age of 40 years were included in this prospective study and were treated with single autologous PRP injection. All patients were assessed for the pain on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American orthopedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS) both preinjection and postsingle injection of PRP. Results: The average pain perception before injection as assessed using VAS was observed to be 9.1. Before PRP injection, 72% of patients had severe limitation of activities and 28% of patients had moderate limitation of activities. Following the administration of PRP, VAS decreased to 1.6. Eighty-eight patients were completely satisfied; eight patients were satisfied with reservation, whereas four patients were unsatisfied with the treatment outcome. AOFAS improved from 52 to 90, thus establishing its therapeutic efficacy both at 8 weeks and 3 months posttreatment. Conclusion: The results of this study support that injection of autologous PRP is safe, does not affect the biomechanical function of the foot and is efficacious in improving plantar fasciitis.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"135 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78110221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_33_20
Tanveer Rehman, A. Keepanasseril, D. Maurya, S. Kar
Background: Availability of free/low-cost treatment in higher government facilities increases maternity self-referrals circumventing the referral system. We aimed to find the sociodemographic and health-care service delivery pattern among the pregnant women referred for institutional delivery in a tertiary care center in south India and assess factors associated with maternity self-referral from the perspective of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic and admitted to the obstetric and postnatal wards during the 6-month study period. Interview was conducted using a face validated structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the independent effects of the sociodemographic and health-care delivery factors on maternity self-referral. Results: Mean age of 4191 pregnant women was 24 years (3.9). Forty-one percent (1732) of them had come without any referral, i.e., self-referred. Fifty-two percent (909) of these self-referred pregnant women were primigravida, 77% (1330) belonged to joint families and had nearest health facility within half hour distance from their own house. Nuclear family (aPR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.45–1.68]), monthly family income >Rs. 3000 (aPR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.28-1.49], and nearest health facility more than half-hour (aPR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.45–1.69]) were factors significantly associated with self-referral. Conclusions: The study presents the alarming maternal referral system prevailing in nation as 41% (95% CI: 39.8%–42.8%) of maternal admissions in a tertiary care institute of South India were without any documented referrals.
{"title":"Factors associated with maternal referral system in South India: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study","authors":"Tanveer Rehman, A. Keepanasseril, D. Maurya, S. Kar","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Availability of free/low-cost treatment in higher government facilities increases maternity self-referrals circumventing the referral system. We aimed to find the sociodemographic and health-care service delivery pattern among the pregnant women referred for institutional delivery in a tertiary care center in south India and assess factors associated with maternity self-referral from the perspective of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic and admitted to the obstetric and postnatal wards during the 6-month study period. Interview was conducted using a face validated structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the independent effects of the sociodemographic and health-care delivery factors on maternity self-referral. Results: Mean age of 4191 pregnant women was 24 years (3.9). Forty-one percent (1732) of them had come without any referral, i.e., self-referred. Fifty-two percent (909) of these self-referred pregnant women were primigravida, 77% (1330) belonged to joint families and had nearest health facility within half hour distance from their own house. Nuclear family (aPR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.45–1.68]), monthly family income >Rs. 3000 (aPR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.28-1.49], and nearest health facility more than half-hour (aPR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.45–1.69]) were factors significantly associated with self-referral. Conclusions: The study presents the alarming maternal referral system prevailing in nation as 41% (95% CI: 39.8%–42.8%) of maternal admissions in a tertiary care institute of South India were without any documented referrals.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"158 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89398647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_201_19
Kiran Danaboina, P. Neerati
Background: The study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of green tea extract (GTE) on the permeability and absorption kinetics of atorvastatin in rats and healthy human volunteers. Methods: Wistar rats for both in situ and in vivo studies. In in situ Single pass intestinal perfusion study, three groups (n = 6), wherein Group 1 perfused with atorvastatin as control, Group 2 coperfused with verapamil, and Group 3 coperfused with GTE then the effective permeability of atorvastatin was determined. In in vivo study, three groups (n = 6), wherein Group 1 is treated with atorvastatin as control, Group 2 pre-treatment with verapamil for 7 days and Group 3 pretreatment with GTE for 7 days and on 8th day atorvastatin was repeated and subjected to pharmacokinetic study. These results were confirmed on 24 healthy human volunteers, the randomized crossover trial was carried with atorvastatin for 11 days to check the bioavailability of atorvastatin by pre-treatment with GTE. Blood samples collected between 0.5 and 24 h on day-1, following administration of atorvastatin. Blood sampling was repeated using similarly specified time intervals on day-11, after treating human volunteers with GTE capsule 400 mg for 10 days. Results: Effective permeability of atorvastatin has been increased by GTE in in situ studies. The clearance of atorvastatin was decreased by 17.5% (P < 0.001), and Cmaxwas increased many folds significantly in in vivo studies. A significant increase in serum concentrations of atorvastatin was observed from 1st h. Cmax, bioavailability were increased by 14.5% (P < 0.05), and 22.7% (P < 0.001), respectively, in human volunteers. Conclusion: Increased bioavailability of atorvastatin is due to the P-gp inhibition by GTE, leads to the reduced dose. Further anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the GTE enables the dyslipidemic patients to take this herbal product safely.
{"title":"Evidence-based P-glycoprotein inhibition by green tea extract enhanced the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin: from animal and human experimental studies","authors":"Kiran Danaboina, P. Neerati","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_201_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_201_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of green tea extract (GTE) on the permeability and absorption kinetics of atorvastatin in rats and healthy human volunteers. Methods: Wistar rats for both in situ and in vivo studies. In in situ Single pass intestinal perfusion study, three groups (n = 6), wherein Group 1 perfused with atorvastatin as control, Group 2 coperfused with verapamil, and Group 3 coperfused with GTE then the effective permeability of atorvastatin was determined. In in vivo study, three groups (n = 6), wherein Group 1 is treated with atorvastatin as control, Group 2 pre-treatment with verapamil for 7 days and Group 3 pretreatment with GTE for 7 days and on 8th day atorvastatin was repeated and subjected to pharmacokinetic study. These results were confirmed on 24 healthy human volunteers, the randomized crossover trial was carried with atorvastatin for 11 days to check the bioavailability of atorvastatin by pre-treatment with GTE. Blood samples collected between 0.5 and 24 h on day-1, following administration of atorvastatin. Blood sampling was repeated using similarly specified time intervals on day-11, after treating human volunteers with GTE capsule 400 mg for 10 days. Results: Effective permeability of atorvastatin has been increased by GTE in in situ studies. The clearance of atorvastatin was decreased by 17.5% (P < 0.001), and Cmaxwas increased many folds significantly in in vivo studies. A significant increase in serum concentrations of atorvastatin was observed from 1st h. Cmax, bioavailability were increased by 14.5% (P < 0.05), and 22.7% (P < 0.001), respectively, in human volunteers. Conclusion: Increased bioavailability of atorvastatin is due to the P-gp inhibition by GTE, leads to the reduced dose. Further anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the GTE enables the dyslipidemic patients to take this herbal product safely.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"105 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87390783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_176_19
A. Susanto, Regina Harahap, Budhi Antariksa, M. Basalamah, F. Nurwidya
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. OSA is also frequently found in patients with heart failure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors which affect the incidence of OSA in patients with heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 samples of patients with heart failure in the cardiac outpatient clinic and inpatient ward of the Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: Using the Berlin Questionnaire, 42 patients (60%) were found to be at high risk of OSA. Using the Chi-square test, it was found that age (P = 0.988), gender (P = 0.678), body mass index (P = 0.170), neck circumference (P = 0.605), abdominal circumference (P = 0.189), blood pressure (P = 0.922), and smoking (P = 0.678) factors did not have a significant correlation with OSA risk in patients with heart failure. While the tonsil size was found to have a significant correlation (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Patients with heart failure were at risk of having OSA, and tonsil size was significantly correlated with OSA incidence in patients with heart failure.
{"title":"The prevalence and related risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in heart failure patients at the indonesian referral hospital for respiratory diseases","authors":"A. Susanto, Regina Harahap, Budhi Antariksa, M. Basalamah, F. Nurwidya","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_176_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_176_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. OSA is also frequently found in patients with heart failure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors which affect the incidence of OSA in patients with heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 samples of patients with heart failure in the cardiac outpatient clinic and inpatient ward of the Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: Using the Berlin Questionnaire, 42 patients (60%) were found to be at high risk of OSA. Using the Chi-square test, it was found that age (P = 0.988), gender (P = 0.678), body mass index (P = 0.170), neck circumference (P = 0.605), abdominal circumference (P = 0.189), blood pressure (P = 0.922), and smoking (P = 0.678) factors did not have a significant correlation with OSA risk in patients with heart failure. While the tonsil size was found to have a significant correlation (P = 0.005). Conclusions: Patients with heart failure were at risk of having OSA, and tonsil size was significantly correlated with OSA incidence in patients with heart failure.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"253 1","pages":"164 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78844022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_64_20
M. Paul, M. Bhatia, A. Raj, Amit Mangla, B. Omar, Pratima Gupta
Introduction: Studies have shown that ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination is a promising therapeutic option as carbapenem sparer in cases of infections caused by ESBL and MBL producing pathogens, respectively. This study is aimed to generate preliminary data on in-vitro susceptibility profile of clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial isolates to ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st, 2019 to October 31st, 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility data (including that of ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination) of 200 multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from various nonrepetitive clinical samples of patients of all age groups and sexes, was retrospectively analyzed. All clinical samples were processed aerobically as per standard guidelines, and the bacterial isolates obtained in culture were identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, the results of which were interpreted as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2019. In vitro susceptibility test results of ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination, disks were interpreted as per the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most common isolate (53%), followed by Escherichia coli (20.5%), Klebsiella spp. (17.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.5%), Citrobacter spp. (2%), and Proteus spp. (1%), respectively. 99.1%, 92.7%, 88.6%, and 69.3% of Acinetobacter spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa, respectively, were susceptible to ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination disks. Conclusions: The preliminary data generated by our study could be an eye-opener for clinicians practicing in this part of the country and should prompt further investigation in the form of clinical trials.
{"title":"Ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA susceptibility profile of multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates: Experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand","authors":"M. Paul, M. Bhatia, A. Raj, Amit Mangla, B. Omar, Pratima Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_64_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_64_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies have shown that ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination is a promising therapeutic option as carbapenem sparer in cases of infections caused by ESBL and MBL producing pathogens, respectively. This study is aimed to generate preliminary data on in-vitro susceptibility profile of clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial isolates to ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st, 2019 to October 31st, 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility data (including that of ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination) of 200 multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from various nonrepetitive clinical samples of patients of all age groups and sexes, was retrospectively analyzed. All clinical samples were processed aerobically as per standard guidelines, and the bacterial isolates obtained in culture were identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, the results of which were interpreted as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2019. In vitro susceptibility test results of ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination, disks were interpreted as per the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most common isolate (53%), followed by Escherichia coli (20.5%), Klebsiella spp. (17.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.5%), Citrobacter spp. (2%), and Proteus spp. (1%), respectively. 99.1%, 92.7%, 88.6%, and 69.3% of Acinetobacter spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa, respectively, were susceptible to ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA combination disks. Conclusions: The preliminary data generated by our study could be an eye-opener for clinicians practicing in this part of the country and should prompt further investigation in the form of clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"189 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80992423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_183_19
Nahla O. Mousa, Marwa Gado, A. Osman
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most widespread form of liver cancer and one of the most common and lethal malignancies, is characterized by poor prognosis, late onset, and a lack of clear-cut diagnostic markers. Novel therapeutic approaches are desperately required to develop effective treatment regimens. Methods: In this study, we attempted to reverse the proliferative capacity of liver cancer cells through employing a 3 – prong approach. We evaluated the antitumorigenic effects of some medicinal plant extracts that contain bioactive phytochemicals. In addition, we used Imatinib – a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2)-specific small interfering RNA(siRNA) species to counteract the Her2-induced proliferative capacity of cancer cells. In our model, we evaluated the extent of activation of apoptotic mechanisms versus the proliferative and antiapoptotic strategies mounted by cancer cells. Results: Our results showed that HepG2 cells treated with 0.5 mM Imatinib exhibited marked downregulation of Her2 expression, upregulation of the proapoptotic marker, BAX and a downregulation of proliferative markers GPC3 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (45, 29, 95, and 115 folds, respectively). In the meantime, there was also significant downregulation of Her2, TGF-β, Mcl1, Spp1, GLUL and GPC3 expression and activation of apoptotic system in the cells treated with a mixture of anti-Her2 siRNA, Imatinib along with some selected extracts where the mixture successfully decreased viability of cancer cells. Conclusion: our study reveals the potential of using TKI along with phytochemical therapy and RNA interference as adjuvant regimen for treatment of liver cancer to augment the efficacy of the current control programs, yet, minimizing the side effects by transition to targeted rather than mass therapies.
{"title":"Multimodality of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 antagonism restores the apoptotic capacity of liver cancer cells","authors":"Nahla O. Mousa, Marwa Gado, A. Osman","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_183_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_183_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most widespread form of liver cancer and one of the most common and lethal malignancies, is characterized by poor prognosis, late onset, and a lack of clear-cut diagnostic markers. Novel therapeutic approaches are desperately required to develop effective treatment regimens. Methods: In this study, we attempted to reverse the proliferative capacity of liver cancer cells through employing a 3 – prong approach. We evaluated the antitumorigenic effects of some medicinal plant extracts that contain bioactive phytochemicals. In addition, we used Imatinib – a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), with human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2)-specific small interfering RNA(siRNA) species to counteract the Her2-induced proliferative capacity of cancer cells. In our model, we evaluated the extent of activation of apoptotic mechanisms versus the proliferative and antiapoptotic strategies mounted by cancer cells. Results: Our results showed that HepG2 cells treated with 0.5 mM Imatinib exhibited marked downregulation of Her2 expression, upregulation of the proapoptotic marker, BAX and a downregulation of proliferative markers GPC3 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (45, 29, 95, and 115 folds, respectively). In the meantime, there was also significant downregulation of Her2, TGF-β, Mcl1, Spp1, GLUL and GPC3 expression and activation of apoptotic system in the cells treated with a mixture of anti-Her2 siRNA, Imatinib along with some selected extracts where the mixture successfully decreased viability of cancer cells. Conclusion: our study reveals the potential of using TKI along with phytochemical therapy and RNA interference as adjuvant regimen for treatment of liver cancer to augment the efficacy of the current control programs, yet, minimizing the side effects by transition to targeted rather than mass therapies.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"118 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85437929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_186_19
M. Anil, J. Bhat
Adolescence is a transitional phase requiring explicit attention to the changes in cognitive-communicative development. The foundation of cognitive-communicative development enables an adolescent to function at advanced language levels by not only mastering the preliminary skills of developing language but also learning language required for intensive social interactions. Adolescence comprises several challenging situations and tasks that may impact the overall well-being of adolescents by exposing them to a variety of conditions that can influence their decisions and lifestyles, all of which are heavily reliant on cognitive-communication. Subsequently, the renegotiation and instability upsurge the possibility for both internal and external conflicts, making adolescents vulnerable. The cognitive-communicative changes influence not only the transitioning phase but also the entire life course, thereby making it critical to understand the cognitive-communicative changes that take place during adolescence. The review elaborates on the significant cognitive-communicative changes observed in adolescents and various factors that influence the process.
{"title":"Transitional changes in cognitive-communicative abilities in adolescents: A literature review","authors":"M. Anil, J. Bhat","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_186_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_186_19","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a transitional phase requiring explicit attention to the changes in cognitive-communicative development. The foundation of cognitive-communicative development enables an adolescent to function at advanced language levels by not only mastering the preliminary skills of developing language but also learning language required for intensive social interactions. Adolescence comprises several challenging situations and tasks that may impact the overall well-being of adolescents by exposing them to a variety of conditions that can influence their decisions and lifestyles, all of which are heavily reliant on cognitive-communication. Subsequently, the renegotiation and instability upsurge the possibility for both internal and external conflicts, making adolescents vulnerable. The cognitive-communicative changes influence not only the transitioning phase but also the entire life course, thereby making it critical to understand the cognitive-communicative changes that take place during adolescence. The review elaborates on the significant cognitive-communicative changes observed in adolescents and various factors that influence the process.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"85 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90157238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_27_20
Pallavi Suryarao, Namrata Gaonkar, P. Hariyani, D. Wable, N. Shashikiran
Background: Parents and caregivers of differently-abled children while focusing on the primary medical issues may not pay adequate attention to their dental care. In this study, we assessed and compared the oral health status of differently-abled children (aged 7–17 years) from structured institutionalized versus home care conditions in the Western Maharashtra region, India. Materials and Methodology: The study consisted of 100 differently-abled children (aged 7–17 years), each under structured institutionalized or home care conditions. For each child, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, extracted, or filled deciduous teeth (deft) index and oral hygiene status were assessed. Results: Differently-abled children under structured institutionalized care showed lower caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth as compared to differently-abled children who were under home care conditions. Conclusions: The DMFT/deft score was less in Group B compared to Group A. The overall oral hygiene was poor in both groups. Educating the parents and primary caregivers on improving the dental care of differently-abled children is necessary.
{"title":"Comparison between oral health status of institutionalised and home stay disabled children in western Maharashtra region","authors":"Pallavi Suryarao, Namrata Gaonkar, P. Hariyani, D. Wable, N. Shashikiran","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_27_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_27_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parents and caregivers of differently-abled children while focusing on the primary medical issues may not pay adequate attention to their dental care. In this study, we assessed and compared the oral health status of differently-abled children (aged 7–17 years) from structured institutionalized versus home care conditions in the Western Maharashtra region, India. Materials and Methodology: The study consisted of 100 differently-abled children (aged 7–17 years), each under structured institutionalized or home care conditions. For each child, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, extracted, or filled deciduous teeth (deft) index and oral hygiene status were assessed. Results: Differently-abled children under structured institutionalized care showed lower caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth as compared to differently-abled children who were under home care conditions. Conclusions: The DMFT/deft score was less in Group B compared to Group A. The overall oral hygiene was poor in both groups. Educating the parents and primary caregivers on improving the dental care of differently-abled children is necessary.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"179 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74017812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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