Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_20_20
M. Mohthash, S. Shah, A. Thirupathi
Background: In association with the risk of developing different types of cancer, several studies have currently reported association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the lethal-7 miRNA binding site within the 3'-untranslated region of KRAS gene. The present study was conducted for assessing the role of KRAS gene polymorphism (rs61764370 T >G) and its impact on breast cancer (BC) risk among the Kerala population, South India. Subjects and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at two health-care centers in Kerala, South India, involving 112 BC patients and 112 healthy controls (females). Genetic analysis was performed to detect KRAS polymorphism (rs61764370 T >G) employing polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the relationship of KRAS (rs61764370) polymorphism with BC susceptibility. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21.0) software and MedCalc software (version 16.4.3). Results: The frequency distribution of KRAS (rs61764370) polymorphism was found to be different between case and control groups significantly indicating that the KRAS gene could play an important role in the pathogenesis of BC in South Indian population. The rs61764370 TG genotype (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.87–2.92; P = 0.02), GG genotype (OR = 3.177; 95% CI = 1.34–7.48; P = 0.008), as well as the G allele (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.32–4.57; P = 0.004) was found to increase the risk of BC among the studied South Indian population. Conclusion: The present study provided evidence regarding the role of KRAS polymorphism (rs61764370) in developing BC among the studied population. The KRAS rs61764370 variant was found to increase the BC risk among the South Indian population (Kerala). Further studies using larger sample sizes in different ethnicities are warranted to confirm the study findings.
背景:目前有几项研究报道了KRAS基因3'-非翻译区致死-7 miRNA结合位点的单核苷酸多态性与不同类型癌症的发生风险相关。本研究旨在评估KRAS基因多态性(rs61764370 T >G)在印度南部喀拉拉邦人群中的作用及其对乳腺癌(BC)风险的影响。研究对象和方法:在印度南部喀拉拉邦的两个卫生保健中心进行了一项病例对照研究，涉及112名BC患者和112名健康对照(女性)。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测KRAS多态性(rs61764370 T >G)。采用比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)评价KRAS (rs61764370)多态性与BC易感性的关系。采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS, version 21.0)和MedCalc软件(version 16.4.3)进行统计分析。结果:KRAS (rs61764370)多态性的频率分布在病例组和对照组之间存在显著差异，提示KRAS基因可能在南印度人群BC发病中起重要作用。rs61764370 TG基因型(OR = 1.59;95% ci = 0.87-2.92;P = 0.02)， GG基因型(OR = 3.177;95% ci = 1.34-7.48;P = 0.008)， G等位基因(OR = 2.45;95% ci = 1.32-4.57;P = 0.004)在研究的南印度人群中发现增加了BC的风险。结论:本研究为KRAS多态性(rs61764370)在研究人群中发生BC的作用提供了证据。KRAS rs61764370变异被发现增加了南印度人群(喀拉拉邦)的BC风险。在不同种族中使用更大样本量的进一步研究有必要证实研究结果。
{"title":"KRAS gene polymorphism (rs61764370) and its impact on breast cancer risk among women in kerala population, South India","authors":"M. Mohthash, S. Shah, A. Thirupathi","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_20_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_20_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In association with the risk of developing different types of cancer, several studies have currently reported association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the lethal-7 miRNA binding site within the 3'-untranslated region of KRAS gene. The present study was conducted for assessing the role of KRAS gene polymorphism (rs61764370 T >G) and its impact on breast cancer (BC) risk among the Kerala population, South India. Subjects and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at two health-care centers in Kerala, South India, involving 112 BC patients and 112 healthy controls (females). Genetic analysis was performed to detect KRAS polymorphism (rs61764370 T >G) employing polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the relationship of KRAS (rs61764370) polymorphism with BC susceptibility. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21.0) software and MedCalc software (version 16.4.3). Results: The frequency distribution of KRAS (rs61764370) polymorphism was found to be different between case and control groups significantly indicating that the KRAS gene could play an important role in the pathogenesis of BC in South Indian population. The rs61764370 TG genotype (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.87–2.92; P = 0.02), GG genotype (OR = 3.177; 95% CI = 1.34–7.48; P = 0.008), as well as the G allele (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.32–4.57; P = 0.004) was found to increase the risk of BC among the studied South Indian population. Conclusion: The present study provided evidence regarding the role of KRAS polymorphism (rs61764370) in developing BC among the studied population. The KRAS rs61764370 variant was found to increase the BC risk among the South Indian population (Kerala). Further studies using larger sample sizes in different ethnicities are warranted to confirm the study findings.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"140 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89555097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_163_19
Bharagavi Athukuri, P. Neerati
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioavailability enhancing potential of resveratrol (RSV) on diltiazem (DLT) treatment in healthy human volunteers. Materials and Methods: An open-label, two-period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy human male volunteers. A single dose of RSV 500 mg was administered daily for 10 days during the treatment phase. A single dose of DLT 30 mg was administered during the control phase and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals after DLT dosing and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Treatment with RSV significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve, whereas the volume of distribution and apparent clearance (CL/F) of DLT was significantly decreased when compared to control. Conclusions: The results suggested that enhanced bioavailability of DLT might be attributed by bio enhancing the potential of RSV resulted by inhibition of P-gp and CYP3A4. Further, the dosage of DLT should be readjusted when it is used concomitantly with RSV supplements or food containing RSV.
{"title":"Enhanced oral bioavailability of diltiazem by resveratrol in healthy human subjects: An open-label, two-period, sequential study","authors":"Bharagavi Athukuri, P. Neerati","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_163_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_163_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioavailability enhancing potential of resveratrol (RSV) on diltiazem (DLT) treatment in healthy human volunteers. Materials and Methods: An open-label, two-period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy human male volunteers. A single dose of RSV 500 mg was administered daily for 10 days during the treatment phase. A single dose of DLT 30 mg was administered during the control phase and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals after DLT dosing and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Treatment with RSV significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve, whereas the volume of distribution and apparent clearance (CL/F) of DLT was significantly decreased when compared to control. Conclusions: The results suggested that enhanced bioavailability of DLT might be attributed by bio enhancing the potential of RSV resulted by inhibition of P-gp and CYP3A4. Further, the dosage of DLT should be readjusted when it is used concomitantly with RSV supplements or food containing RSV.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"30 2-3","pages":"100 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72492937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_178_19
M. Anil, R. Rebello, J. Bhat
Fahr's disease is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement. Cases of Fahr's disease in young children are rarely seen, and limited literature is available on speech and language manifestations. The present case report highlights the early speech and language manifestations of Fahr's disease in a 6-year-old female child. The child presented with deficits in oro-motor functions, with articulatory errors and reduced intelligibility of speech. The oro-motor movements were observed to be slow and sluggish. Language assessment revealed reduced vocabulary and delay in expressive language. Early literacy skills were seen to be emerging. Although the deficits in young children look subtle in comparison to the myriad complications exhibited by adults, the findings have substantial clinical implications. This article expands our understanding of Fahr's disease in children, its nature and onset, early signs and symptoms, assessment protocols to be used, and the possible management strategies. These findings can help researchers, students, and clinicians in clinics as well as research.
{"title":"Speech-language profile of a child with fahr's disease: Case report of a rare neurodegenerative disorder","authors":"M. Anil, R. Rebello, J. Bhat","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_178_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_178_19","url":null,"abstract":"Fahr's disease is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement. Cases of Fahr's disease in young children are rarely seen, and limited literature is available on speech and language manifestations. The present case report highlights the early speech and language manifestations of Fahr's disease in a 6-year-old female child. The child presented with deficits in oro-motor functions, with articulatory errors and reduced intelligibility of speech. The oro-motor movements were observed to be slow and sluggish. Language assessment revealed reduced vocabulary and delay in expressive language. Early literacy skills were seen to be emerging. Although the deficits in young children look subtle in comparison to the myriad complications exhibited by adults, the findings have substantial clinical implications. This article expands our understanding of Fahr's disease in children, its nature and onset, early signs and symptoms, assessment protocols to be used, and the possible management strategies. These findings can help researchers, students, and clinicians in clinics as well as research.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"141 1","pages":"206 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77235137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_51_20
S. Chezian Sengodan, V. Arun, S. Arun
Background: Open fractures with severe soft-tissue injuries are clinically challenging to treat. While several scoring systems are available to grade these clinical conditions, the Gustilo Anderson grading system is most commonly used. This grading system neither offers any clue regarding salvaging open fractures of Grade III B and above, nor does it help the surgeon to assess the outcomes in such injuries. Hence, a new system of grading was assessed to address this deficiency. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twelve open fracture cases were analyzed for this study. Two hundred and twenty-seven patients sustained Grade III injuries according to the Gustilo Anderson classification; Of these, 175 patients had Grade III A open fractures and 52 patients were of Grade III B and above. The 52 patients with open fractures of Grade III B and above were scored using mangled extremity severity score (MESS), Ganga score, and our novel scoring system. The accuracy in deciding amputation and predict outcomes were measured. Results: The scores assessed by the new scoring system were compared with MESS, Gustilo grading, and Ganga score system. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated our scoring system to be more accurate compared to all other scoring systems (P = 0.02). A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to compare all other scoring systems. The area under the curve (0.996 ± 0.003) for our scoring system was significantly higher with the less standard error of the mean than other scoring systems compared. Conclusions: Our new scoring system was more accurate in predicting limb salvage and outcomes compared to the existing scoring systems for open fractures of Grade III B and above.
{"title":"Vetrivel trauma score – An evidence-based scoring system to predict limb salvage and outcomes in gustilo anderson grade III B and C compound fractures of lower extremities","authors":"S. Chezian Sengodan, V. Arun, S. Arun","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_51_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_51_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Open fractures with severe soft-tissue injuries are clinically challenging to treat. While several scoring systems are available to grade these clinical conditions, the Gustilo Anderson grading system is most commonly used. This grading system neither offers any clue regarding salvaging open fractures of Grade III B and above, nor does it help the surgeon to assess the outcomes in such injuries. Hence, a new system of grading was assessed to address this deficiency. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twelve open fracture cases were analyzed for this study. Two hundred and twenty-seven patients sustained Grade III injuries according to the Gustilo Anderson classification; Of these, 175 patients had Grade III A open fractures and 52 patients were of Grade III B and above. The 52 patients with open fractures of Grade III B and above were scored using mangled extremity severity score (MESS), Ganga score, and our novel scoring system. The accuracy in deciding amputation and predict outcomes were measured. Results: The scores assessed by the new scoring system were compared with MESS, Gustilo grading, and Ganga score system. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated our scoring system to be more accurate compared to all other scoring systems (P = 0.02). A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to compare all other scoring systems. The area under the curve (0.996 ± 0.003) for our scoring system was significantly higher with the less standard error of the mean than other scoring systems compared. Conclusions: Our new scoring system was more accurate in predicting limb salvage and outcomes compared to the existing scoring systems for open fractures of Grade III B and above.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"151 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81398928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_1_20
H. Patil, V. Patil
Background: The early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of sepsis is a challenge in intensive care units in spite of the advances in critical care medicine. Aim of the study: The aim is to study and compare procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients admitted with the diagnosis of sepsis to the critical care unit. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the teaching hospital over a period of 1 year. All patients with evidence of sepsis were enrolled for this study and were underwent relevant history, laboratory biochemical and imaging investigations including PCT and CRP levels. Results: A total of 64 patients with the diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled in this study. A total of 43 (67.19%) were male and 21 (32.81%) were female. The mean and standard deviation for the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score was 18 (±7), Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 9 (±5), papillary thyroid cancer as 19.07 (±7.02 ng/ml), and CRP was 33.5 (±15.7 mg/l). About 56.25% of patients had PCT in the range of 2–10 ng/ml, 28.13% had >10 ng/ml, and 14.06% had between 0.5 and 1.9 ng/ml. A total of 43 (67.19%) patients had a positive culture for organisms and 21 (32.81%) had sterile with no growth on culture with P < 0.001. The mean (20.74 ± 7.13). PCT levels were significantly high in Gram-negative organisms compared to (9.71 ± 0.96). Gram-positive organisms with P < 0.02. APACHE-II score, SOFA score, and CRP had a positive correlation with serum PCT levels and negative correlation with creatinine, pH, Glasgow Coma Scale and PaO2level. Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum PCT level was better correlated with the variable of sepsis than to CRP (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the PCT was statistically significantly correlated with the severity of sepsis, APACHE-II, and SOFA score than CRP. The higher level of PCT was associated with Gram-negative sepsis and mortality.
{"title":"Comparative study of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in patients with sepsis","authors":"H. Patil, V. Patil","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_1_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_1_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of sepsis is a challenge in intensive care units in spite of the advances in critical care medicine. Aim of the study: The aim is to study and compare procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients admitted with the diagnosis of sepsis to the critical care unit. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the teaching hospital over a period of 1 year. All patients with evidence of sepsis were enrolled for this study and were underwent relevant history, laboratory biochemical and imaging investigations including PCT and CRP levels. Results: A total of 64 patients with the diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled in this study. A total of 43 (67.19%) were male and 21 (32.81%) were female. The mean and standard deviation for the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score was 18 (±7), Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 9 (±5), papillary thyroid cancer as 19.07 (±7.02 ng/ml), and CRP was 33.5 (±15.7 mg/l). About 56.25% of patients had PCT in the range of 2–10 ng/ml, 28.13% had >10 ng/ml, and 14.06% had between 0.5 and 1.9 ng/ml. A total of 43 (67.19%) patients had a positive culture for organisms and 21 (32.81%) had sterile with no growth on culture with P < 0.001. The mean (20.74 ± 7.13). PCT levels were significantly high in Gram-negative organisms compared to (9.71 ± 0.96). Gram-positive organisms with P < 0.02. APACHE-II score, SOFA score, and CRP had a positive correlation with serum PCT levels and negative correlation with creatinine, pH, Glasgow Coma Scale and PaO2level. Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum PCT level was better correlated with the variable of sepsis than to CRP (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the PCT was statistically significantly correlated with the severity of sepsis, APACHE-II, and SOFA score than CRP. The higher level of PCT was associated with Gram-negative sepsis and mortality.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"93 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82926635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_138_20
Vinodh A Kumar, M. Bhatia, Arun Kumar
{"title":"Microbes from mouth to gut impacting probiotics to antibiotics","authors":"Vinodh A Kumar, M. Bhatia, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_138_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_138_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"108 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79585592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_63_20
Thejaswi Dodderi, Mousira Puthiry, S. Thomas
Introduction: Water-swallowing test (WST) is a simple, economical bedside screening test practiced for early identification of risk for dysphagia (or swallowing impairment). However, there is no consensus on the right test quantity to assess swallowing ability by WST. Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to establish the right quantity of water for WST sufficient to assess sequential swallowing in healthy adults albeit avoiding larger quantity of thin liquids. Subjects and Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (HYA) (20–40 years) and thirty healthy middle-aged adults (HMA) (41–60 years) were enrolled by nonrandom convenient sampling. Four quantities (50, 90, 100, and 150 ml) of room temperature water was gauzed by a measuring cup and randomly presented to the participants to swallow in their natural pace. As per the test standard, volume/swallow (V/S), time/swallow (T/S), and swallow capacity (SC) indices were derived and subjected to further statistical analysis. Results: The results of the study suggested statistically significant increased V/S and SC in a lesser T/S among HYA compared to HMA, and the difference was at P < 0.05. The results also revealed 150 and 50 ml to have statistically significant highest and lowest SC, respectively, at P < 0.05. Pearson's correlation index suggested a positive correlation across swallowing indices between the four test volumes of water. Conclusion: The state of evidence suggests better swallowing performance in HYA, and also, there exists a direct relationship between the quantity of water and indices of WST. The advisory is to use the least of the four test quantity of thin liquids for the WST.
{"title":"How much is too much? Effect of volume on water-swallowing test","authors":"Thejaswi Dodderi, Mousira Puthiry, S. Thomas","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_63_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_63_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Water-swallowing test (WST) is a simple, economical bedside screening test practiced for early identification of risk for dysphagia (or swallowing impairment). However, there is no consensus on the right test quantity to assess swallowing ability by WST. Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to establish the right quantity of water for WST sufficient to assess sequential swallowing in healthy adults albeit avoiding larger quantity of thin liquids. Subjects and Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (HYA) (20–40 years) and thirty healthy middle-aged adults (HMA) (41–60 years) were enrolled by nonrandom convenient sampling. Four quantities (50, 90, 100, and 150 ml) of room temperature water was gauzed by a measuring cup and randomly presented to the participants to swallow in their natural pace. As per the test standard, volume/swallow (V/S), time/swallow (T/S), and swallow capacity (SC) indices were derived and subjected to further statistical analysis. Results: The results of the study suggested statistically significant increased V/S and SC in a lesser T/S among HYA compared to HMA, and the difference was at P < 0.05. The results also revealed 150 and 50 ml to have statistically significant highest and lowest SC, respectively, at P < 0.05. Pearson's correlation index suggested a positive correlation across swallowing indices between the four test volumes of water. Conclusion: The state of evidence suggests better swallowing performance in HYA, and also, there exists a direct relationship between the quantity of water and indices of WST. The advisory is to use the least of the four test quantity of thin liquids for the WST.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":"169 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91214183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_132_19
Vinod Birra, Mathai Thomas, Kranti Reddy Ealla, Vinod Kumar, S. Marri, D. Mudrakola, Veena Shivanna
Background: Thumb sucking is the most prevalent oral habits among toddlers infants and children. Children spend considerable amount of time in school. Hence, school teachers, especially primary school teachers can play an important role in developing health habits in their students. There are lack of studies on the assessment of teacher's knowledge and attitude about thumb-sucking habit. Aim: The study was undertaken to determine the knowledge and attitude of school teachers toward thumb-sucking habit in children. Methodology: Pretested questionnaires that involved paper and pen were distributed to the study participants in person and the filled questionnaires were collected on the same day. Then, the completely filled questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage). Results: Many respondents were unaware of thumb-sucking habit. High percentage of the study participants adopted similar methods to stop thumb-sucking habit in school children. Many teachers indicated that the Internet was the leading source of information about thumb-sucking habit. Furthermore, many teachers were willing to learn more about the prevention and management of the thumb-sucking habit. Most of the study participants felt that counseling of parents and child is very important to stop the habit. Large percentages of teachers were unaware of the role of the dentist in the management of thumb-sucking habit and its associated malocclusion. Conclusion: In this study, the primary school teachers lack the knowledge about thumb-sucking habit in children and their attitude was also found to be unsatisfactory. They need educational programs and symposiums to update their knowledge about the pernicious oral habits.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude of school teachers toward thumb-sucking habit in children","authors":"Vinod Birra, Mathai Thomas, Kranti Reddy Ealla, Vinod Kumar, S. Marri, D. Mudrakola, Veena Shivanna","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_132_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_132_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thumb sucking is the most prevalent oral habits among toddlers infants and children. Children spend considerable amount of time in school. Hence, school teachers, especially primary school teachers can play an important role in developing health habits in their students. There are lack of studies on the assessment of teacher's knowledge and attitude about thumb-sucking habit. Aim: The study was undertaken to determine the knowledge and attitude of school teachers toward thumb-sucking habit in children. Methodology: Pretested questionnaires that involved paper and pen were distributed to the study participants in person and the filled questionnaires were collected on the same day. Then, the completely filled questionnaires were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage). Results: Many respondents were unaware of thumb-sucking habit. High percentage of the study participants adopted similar methods to stop thumb-sucking habit in school children. Many teachers indicated that the Internet was the leading source of information about thumb-sucking habit. Furthermore, many teachers were willing to learn more about the prevention and management of the thumb-sucking habit. Most of the study participants felt that counseling of parents and child is very important to stop the habit. Large percentages of teachers were unaware of the role of the dentist in the management of thumb-sucking habit and its associated malocclusion. Conclusion: In this study, the primary school teachers lack the knowledge about thumb-sucking habit in children and their attitude was also found to be unsatisfactory. They need educational programs and symposiums to update their knowledge about the pernicious oral habits.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"116 1","pages":"183 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87906522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_56_20
K. Datkhile, S. Patil, M. Patil, P. Durgawale, Nilam J. Jagdale, Vinit N. Deshmukh
Background: The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of Argemone mexicana. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the whole plant A. mexicana were screened for phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl -hydrazyl-hydrate, and ferric reduction activity potential assays. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Cytotoxic properties of the extracts were studied using the cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7, and HCT-15 through cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extracts contained phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The aqueous and solvent extracts of the whole plant exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogenic bacteria. The crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents from the crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited higher antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities than earlier reported annotations.
{"title":"Studies on phytoconstituents, In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity potential of Argemone mexicana Linn. (Family: Papaveraceae)","authors":"K. Datkhile, S. Patil, M. Patil, P. Durgawale, Nilam J. Jagdale, Vinit N. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_56_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_56_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of Argemone mexicana. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts of the whole plant A. mexicana were screened for phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl -hydrazyl-hydrate, and ferric reduction activity potential assays. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. Cytotoxic properties of the extracts were studied using the cancer cell lines HeLa, MCF-7, and HCT-15 through cell viability and DNA fragmentation assays. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extracts contained phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The aqueous and solvent extracts of the whole plant exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro and antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogenic bacteria. The crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents from the crude extract of A. mexicana exhibited higher antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities than earlier reported annotations.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"198 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89078585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_184_19
S. Pragassame, V. Mohandas Kurup, Jasmine Kour
Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints and discs of the cervical spine. Symptoms include pain associated with a positional fault in the joint with resultant subtle biomechanical changes, such as joint restriction and stiffness. Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) Mulligan technique shows a direct effect on the facet joints, helping to correct the positional fault and correct the biomechanical changes. Objective: The objective of the study is to find the efficacy of SNAG Mulligan technique on pain, mobility, and functional disability in patients with cervical spondylosis. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with cervical spondylosis were selected on the basis of selection criteria. The pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the cervical range of motion (ROM) was measured using the universal goniometer, and the functional disability was measured using the neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ). Patients were randomly assigned to two Groups A and B. Group A (n = 20) received SNAG Mulligan technique along with conventional treatment and Group B received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and isometric neck exercises (conventional treatment) alone. Results: Group A had significant improvements in NPRS (Z = 25.754, P = 0.001), cervical ROM flexion (Z = 17.085, P = 0,001), extension (Z = 17.962, P = 0.001), side flexion (Rt) (Z = 16.520, P = 0.001), side flexion (Lt) (Z = 16.998, P = 0.001), right rotation (Z = 15.379, P = 0.001), left rotation (Z = 13.180, P = 0.001), and neck BQ (Z = 22.912, P = 0,001) compared to Group B. Conclusion: The study concludes that patients who received SNAG Mulligan technique showed better improvement in pain reduction, cervical ROM, and functional disability than the control group.
背景:颈椎病是一种影响颈椎关节和椎间盘的退行性疾病。症状包括与关节位置错误相关的疼痛，并伴有细微的生物力学变化，如关节受限和僵硬。持续自然椎体滑脱(SNAGS) Mulligan技术显示出对小关节的直接影响，有助于纠正位置错误和纠正生物力学变化。目的:本研究的目的是发现SNAG Mulligan技术对颈椎病患者疼痛、活动能力和功能障碍的疗效。材料与方法:根据选择标准选取40例颈椎病患者。采用数字疼痛评定量表(NPRS)测量疼痛强度，采用通用角计测量颈椎活动度(ROM)，采用颈部伯恩茅斯问卷(BQ)测量功能障碍。将患者随机分为A、B两组。A组(n = 20)在常规治疗的同时采用SNAG Mulligan技术，B组(n = 20)单独采用经皮神经电刺激和颈部等长运动(常规治疗)。结果:与b组相比，A组在NPRS (Z = 25.754, P = 0.001)、颈椎ROM屈曲(Z = 17.085, P = 0.001)、伸曲(Z = 17.962, P = 0.001)、侧屈(Rt) (Z = 16.520, P = 0.001)、侧屈(Lt) (Z = 16.998, P = 0.001)、右旋(Z = 15.379, P = 0.001)、左旋(Z = 13.180, P = 0.001)、颈部BQ (Z = 22.912, P = 0.001)方面均有显著改善。研究得出结论，与对照组相比，接受SNAG Mulligan技术的患者在减轻疼痛、颈椎ROM和功能残疾方面表现出更好的改善。
{"title":"Efficacy of sustained natural apophyseal glides mulligan technique on mobility and function in patients with cervical spondylosis: An experimental study","authors":"S. Pragassame, V. Mohandas Kurup, Jasmine Kour","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_184_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_184_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints and discs of the cervical spine. Symptoms include pain associated with a positional fault in the joint with resultant subtle biomechanical changes, such as joint restriction and stiffness. Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) Mulligan technique shows a direct effect on the facet joints, helping to correct the positional fault and correct the biomechanical changes. Objective: The objective of the study is to find the efficacy of SNAG Mulligan technique on pain, mobility, and functional disability in patients with cervical spondylosis. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with cervical spondylosis were selected on the basis of selection criteria. The pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the cervical range of motion (ROM) was measured using the universal goniometer, and the functional disability was measured using the neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ). Patients were randomly assigned to two Groups A and B. Group A (n = 20) received SNAG Mulligan technique along with conventional treatment and Group B received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and isometric neck exercises (conventional treatment) alone. Results: Group A had significant improvements in NPRS (Z = 25.754, P = 0.001), cervical ROM flexion (Z = 17.085, P = 0,001), extension (Z = 17.962, P = 0.001), side flexion (Rt) (Z = 16.520, P = 0.001), side flexion (Lt) (Z = 16.998, P = 0.001), right rotation (Z = 15.379, P = 0.001), left rotation (Z = 13.180, P = 0.001), and neck BQ (Z = 22.912, P = 0,001) compared to Group B. Conclusion: The study concludes that patients who received SNAG Mulligan technique showed better improvement in pain reduction, cervical ROM, and functional disability than the control group.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"260 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74661740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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