Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_157_20
Dhiraj Panjwani, M. Pai, Shweta Yellapurkar, A. Poddar, G. Rajesh, M. Sharma
Purpose: Toothbrushing holds key importance in practical, competent, and efficacious design to limit the formation of dental plaque on the dental tissues, in turn, leading to a decrease in dental diseases. The recent addition to this growing knowledge in health behavior research is the multi-theory model (MTM) which addresses two crucial modules of health behavior: initiation and sustenance. In spite of reinforcing the habit of brushing twice daily, a lack of sustenance is found among young adults; hence, the objectives were to explore the substratal structure of MTM and to test the fit of MTM questionnaire in dental and medical students in India. Methodology: A questionnaire aimed at addressing sociodemographic information and MTM was designed. Reliability analysis was performed and explorative analysis was done using principal component analysis as the factor extraction method. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to add a level of statistical. Results: Reliability analysis revealed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.892 and split-half reliability value of 0.779. Test–retest reliability was found to be 0.77 (P < 0.01). Guttman split-half reliability was found to be 0.677. EFA suggested seven domains. Indices for model fit showed good fit with P < 0.01. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the Indian version of MTM is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the initiation and sustenance of toothbrushing behavior in dental and medical students in India.
{"title":"A novel behavioral model in initiation and sustenance of toothbrushing behavior among dental and medical students in India: an exploratory analysis","authors":"Dhiraj Panjwani, M. Pai, Shweta Yellapurkar, A. Poddar, G. Rajesh, M. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_157_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_157_20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Toothbrushing holds key importance in practical, competent, and efficacious design to limit the formation of dental plaque on the dental tissues, in turn, leading to a decrease in dental diseases. The recent addition to this growing knowledge in health behavior research is the multi-theory model (MTM) which addresses two crucial modules of health behavior: initiation and sustenance. In spite of reinforcing the habit of brushing twice daily, a lack of sustenance is found among young adults; hence, the objectives were to explore the substratal structure of MTM and to test the fit of MTM questionnaire in dental and medical students in India. Methodology: A questionnaire aimed at addressing sociodemographic information and MTM was designed. Reliability analysis was performed and explorative analysis was done using principal component analysis as the factor extraction method. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to add a level of statistical. Results: Reliability analysis revealed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.892 and split-half reliability value of 0.779. Test–retest reliability was found to be 0.77 (P < 0.01). Guttman split-half reliability was found to be 0.677. EFA suggested seven domains. Indices for model fit showed good fit with P < 0.01. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the Indian version of MTM is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the initiation and sustenance of toothbrushing behavior in dental and medical students in India.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"149 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82050103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_20
D. Mathew, R. Udehiya, N. Singh
Introduction: Atresia ani is a congenital condition commonly seen in young animals such as calves, lambs, and kids. Anatomically, atresia ani has been classified into four types, namely, I, II, III, and IV (Vianna and Tobias, 2005). Type I atresia ani is defined as a congenital stenosis of a patent anus. Type II has a persistent complete anal membrane alone or a combination of an anal membrane with the rectum ending as a blind pouch cranial to the membrane. Type III has an imperforate anus with rectum terminating further cranially. Type IV has a normal ending of the terminal rectum and anus, while the cranial rectum terminates as a blind pouch within the pelvis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to compare the use of customized stent-based correction over the routine pattern followed for the correction of atresia ani et recti. Materials and Methods: Two 3 days old calves with atresia ani et recti were subjects for the study. Both cases were surgically corrected by routine standard surgical technique. Furthermore, in second case, a customized stent was used to prevent stricture of anoplasty. Results: Customized stent used here was successful in preventing the anoplasty stricture as well as this prevented soiling the suture site with feces, which is very common after anoplasty procedure. Conclusion: This case report suggests that use of a sterile syringe, which can be customized, may be used as a stent to prevent stricture of anoplasty as well as reduce wound contamination, thus providing better and faster wound healing and reduces the postoperative complications.
闭锁是一种先天性疾病，常见于幼年动物，如小牛、羔羊和儿童。解剖学上将闭锁分为I、II、III、IV四种类型(Vianna and Tobias, 2005)。I型闭锁被定义为先天性肛门未闭狭窄。II型有一个持久的完整的肛门膜或肛门膜的组合，直肠末端作为一个盲袋颅膜。III型肛门不穿孔，直肠止于更远的颅部。IV型直肠末端和肛门是正常的，而颅直肠末端是骨盆内的盲袋。研究目的:该研究的目的是比较使用定制的基于支架的矫正与常规模式，以矫正闭锁和直肠。材料与方法:以2头3日龄的闭锁和直肌犊牛为研究对象。两例均采用常规标准手术技术进行手术矫正。此外，在第二例中，使用定制的支架来防止肛门成形术的狭窄。结果:本文采用的定制支架成功地防止了肛管成形术后狭窄，避免了肛管成形术后常见的粪便污染缝合部位。结论:本病例报告建议使用可定制的无菌注射器作为支架，可防止肛门成形术狭窄，减少伤口污染，从而使伤口愈合更快更好，减少术后并发症。
{"title":"Comparative study of malformed atresia ani et recti with or without customized stent in new born calf","authors":"D. Mathew, R. Udehiya, N. Singh","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_188_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Atresia ani is a congenital condition commonly seen in young animals such as calves, lambs, and kids. Anatomically, atresia ani has been classified into four types, namely, I, II, III, and IV (Vianna and Tobias, 2005). Type I atresia ani is defined as a congenital stenosis of a patent anus. Type II has a persistent complete anal membrane alone or a combination of an anal membrane with the rectum ending as a blind pouch cranial to the membrane. Type III has an imperforate anus with rectum terminating further cranially. Type IV has a normal ending of the terminal rectum and anus, while the cranial rectum terminates as a blind pouch within the pelvis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to compare the use of customized stent-based correction over the routine pattern followed for the correction of atresia ani et recti. Materials and Methods: Two 3 days old calves with atresia ani et recti were subjects for the study. Both cases were surgically corrected by routine standard surgical technique. Furthermore, in second case, a customized stent was used to prevent stricture of anoplasty. Results: Customized stent used here was successful in preventing the anoplasty stricture as well as this prevented soiling the suture site with feces, which is very common after anoplasty procedure. Conclusion: This case report suggests that use of a sterile syringe, which can be customized, may be used as a stent to prevent stricture of anoplasty as well as reduce wound contamination, thus providing better and faster wound healing and reduces the postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"705 1","pages":"249 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78708903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_51_21
A. Senghor, K. Manohar, V. Vinodhini, P. Kapoor
Context: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Aim: The aim of the present study is to compare preoperative and postoperative serum albumin levels, urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery as a predictor of AKI. Settings and Design: The prospective study was conducted at cardiothoracic unit in the individuals of age 40–70 years admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting. Materials and Methods: The study participants admitted for cardiac surgery with normal serum creatinine value of 0.3–1.3 mg/dl were included. Preoperative and postoperatively (days 1 and 3 after cardiac surgery) parameters such as serum albumin, creatinine, and UACR were analyzed. Baseline serum creatinine >1.6 mg/dl was excluded. eGFR was calculated with Cockcroft's formula and categorized as Group A with eGFR <60 ml/min and Group B with eGFR ≥60 ml/min. Results: Mean UACR compared to baseline was found to be increased progressively on day 1 and day 3 postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Compared with baseline data, albumin levels were found to be decreased during postoperative phase. eGFR reflected the risk of kidney damage as it gets decreased by 15% on day 1 after cardiac surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of albumin and UACR revealed sensitivity and specificity that predicts lowered eGFR. Conclusion: Decreased serum albumin and increased UACR after cardiac surgery reflected with lowered eGFR indicate the renal injury after cardiac surgery. Serum hypoalbuminemia and UACR are predictors of AKI in the postoperative phase.
{"title":"Albumin and urine albumin–Creatinine ratio as acute kidney injury predictors in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","authors":"A. Senghor, K. Manohar, V. Vinodhini, P. Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_51_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_51_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Aim: The aim of the present study is to compare preoperative and postoperative serum albumin levels, urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery as a predictor of AKI. Settings and Design: The prospective study was conducted at cardiothoracic unit in the individuals of age 40–70 years admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting. Materials and Methods: The study participants admitted for cardiac surgery with normal serum creatinine value of 0.3–1.3 mg/dl were included. Preoperative and postoperatively (days 1 and 3 after cardiac surgery) parameters such as serum albumin, creatinine, and UACR were analyzed. Baseline serum creatinine >1.6 mg/dl was excluded. eGFR was calculated with Cockcroft's formula and categorized as Group A with eGFR <60 ml/min and Group B with eGFR ≥60 ml/min. Results: Mean UACR compared to baseline was found to be increased progressively on day 1 and day 3 postoperative period after cardiac surgery. Compared with baseline data, albumin levels were found to be decreased during postoperative phase. eGFR reflected the risk of kidney damage as it gets decreased by 15% on day 1 after cardiac surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of albumin and UACR revealed sensitivity and specificity that predicts lowered eGFR. Conclusion: Decreased serum albumin and increased UACR after cardiac surgery reflected with lowered eGFR indicate the renal injury after cardiac surgery. Serum hypoalbuminemia and UACR are predictors of AKI in the postoperative phase.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"237 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82952787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_222_20
K. Hyder, Jithin Mohan, Visakh Varma, P. Sivasankaran, D. Raja
Background: India is among the top three countries with diabetes and prediabetes, but interventional studies on prediabetes are less compared to other developed countries. Research design and Methods: This prospective open-label randomized interventional study was conducted among newly diagnosed prediabetes in selected districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in South India. Participants were randomized to six treatment groups: Group 1 – walking exercise, Group 2 – muscle-specific exercise (ME), Group 3 – metformin intervention, Group 4 – metformin with muscle-specific exercise, Group 5 – antioxidant intervention, and Group 6 – antioxidants with muscle-specific exercise. Drug intervention was for 12 weeks, and the study parameters of the subjects were measured at predefined intervals. The main outcome measures were homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio. Results: ME intervention in prediabetes significantly reduced BMI, FBS, HbA1c, and HOMA levels (P < 0.05) during the study period. There was also a significant reduction in waist-to-hip ratio among participants taking low-dose metformin along with muscle-specific exercises. Environmental mobility barriers such as weather, traffic, pollution, social support, and even female gender created obstacles in the walking group that led to nonadherence and no significant results in the walking group compared to other groups. Conclusions: Results showed that muscle-specific indoor exercises can be an effective strategy in early management of insulin resistance with better exercise adherence compared to existing interventions. The Implementation of Prediabetes Education Program increased awareness and self-management skills among the prediabetes population.
{"title":"Effects of muscle-specific exercises compared to existing interventions on insulin resistance among prediabetes population of South India","authors":"K. Hyder, Jithin Mohan, Visakh Varma, P. Sivasankaran, D. Raja","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_222_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_222_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: India is among the top three countries with diabetes and prediabetes, but interventional studies on prediabetes are less compared to other developed countries. Research design and Methods: This prospective open-label randomized interventional study was conducted among newly diagnosed prediabetes in selected districts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in South India. Participants were randomized to six treatment groups: Group 1 – walking exercise, Group 2 – muscle-specific exercise (ME), Group 3 – metformin intervention, Group 4 – metformin with muscle-specific exercise, Group 5 – antioxidant intervention, and Group 6 – antioxidants with muscle-specific exercise. Drug intervention was for 12 weeks, and the study parameters of the subjects were measured at predefined intervals. The main outcome measures were homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio. Results: ME intervention in prediabetes significantly reduced BMI, FBS, HbA1c, and HOMA levels (P < 0.05) during the study period. There was also a significant reduction in waist-to-hip ratio among participants taking low-dose metformin along with muscle-specific exercises. Environmental mobility barriers such as weather, traffic, pollution, social support, and even female gender created obstacles in the walking group that led to nonadherence and no significant results in the walking group compared to other groups. Conclusions: Results showed that muscle-specific indoor exercises can be an effective strategy in early management of insulin resistance with better exercise adherence compared to existing interventions. The Implementation of Prediabetes Education Program increased awareness and self-management skills among the prediabetes population.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"230 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.262960
Vinodh A Kumar, A. Kumar
The role of Vitamin D in regulating physiological calcium dynamics is well known in relation to bone metabolism. Hence, physiological concentration of Vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health. The optimal concentration of Vitamin D can be maintained by exposing the skin to adequate amount of sunlight or by taking Vitamin D supplement. However, in regions devoid of adequate sunlight, taking Vitamin D supplement is the only option. Unfortunately, the risk– benefit analysis of Vitamin D supplement is still unclear. While some studies have reported the benefits of Vitamin D supplementation, many others have contradicted this claim. A few studies have also reported harmful effects from excessive Vitamin D supplementation. Despite this lack of clarity, the Vitamin D supplement market is projected to be worth Euro 1.5 billion by 2025 with a compound annual growth rate of 12.5%. The strong growth projected in the Vitamin D market is attributed to increasing prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency globally, including geographical regions with adequate sunshine. While the reasons for the increased prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency are not clear, the association of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported with disease conditions beyond bone health. Such an association of Vitamin D deficiency with several disease conditions is not surprising, considering its influence on calcium dynamics, as there is hardly any physiological event which is independent of calcium involvement. Several recent studies have associated Vitamin D deficiency with vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which remain a hallmark of several disease pathophysiology including cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D by increasing the activity of sphingomyelinases enhances the clearance of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL and hence reduces inflammation and macrophage adherence, potentially reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Vitamin D is also reported to improve vascular health in chronic kidney disease patients by upregulating thrombomodulin levels. Indeed, the role of Vitamin D as a vascular protective factor is promising and should be further explored. Included in this issue is a study reporting the association of Vitamin D deficiency with inflammatory marker such as high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and disease duration in a cohort of patients with diabetes. Based on its results, the study recommends regular screening of patients with diabetes for their Vitamin D levels as a potential risk analysis of their vascular health. While the evidence for Vitamin D deficiency is valid and reliable, the question remains in the interim, should we overcome Vitamin D deficiency naturally by exposing to sunlight or take the supplements?
{"title":"Self-reliance in advanced diagnostic imaging for accessible, affordable, and quality health care in India","authors":"Vinodh A Kumar, A. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-9668.262960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.262960","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Vitamin D in regulating physiological calcium dynamics is well known in relation to bone metabolism. Hence, physiological concentration of Vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health. The optimal concentration of Vitamin D can be maintained by exposing the skin to adequate amount of sunlight or by taking Vitamin D supplement. However, in regions devoid of adequate sunlight, taking Vitamin D supplement is the only option. Unfortunately, the risk– benefit analysis of Vitamin D supplement is still unclear. While some studies have reported the benefits of Vitamin D supplementation, many others have contradicted this claim. A few studies have also reported harmful effects from excessive Vitamin D supplementation. Despite this lack of clarity, the Vitamin D supplement market is projected to be worth Euro 1.5 billion by 2025 with a compound annual growth rate of 12.5%. The strong growth projected in the Vitamin D market is attributed to increasing prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency globally, including geographical regions with adequate sunshine. While the reasons for the increased prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency are not clear, the association of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported with disease conditions beyond bone health. Such an association of Vitamin D deficiency with several disease conditions is not surprising, considering its influence on calcium dynamics, as there is hardly any physiological event which is independent of calcium involvement. Several recent studies have associated Vitamin D deficiency with vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which remain a hallmark of several disease pathophysiology including cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D by increasing the activity of sphingomyelinases enhances the clearance of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL and hence reduces inflammation and macrophage adherence, potentially reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Vitamin D is also reported to improve vascular health in chronic kidney disease patients by upregulating thrombomodulin levels. Indeed, the role of Vitamin D as a vascular protective factor is promising and should be further explored. Included in this issue is a study reporting the association of Vitamin D deficiency with inflammatory marker such as high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and disease duration in a cohort of patients with diabetes. Based on its results, the study recommends regular screening of patients with diabetes for their Vitamin D levels as a potential risk analysis of their vascular health. While the evidence for Vitamin D deficiency is valid and reliable, the question remains in the interim, should we overcome Vitamin D deficiency naturally by exposing to sunlight or take the supplements?","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"129 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73498028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_39_21
V. Sengodan, P. Sai Sarrvesh
Introduction: Surgical corrections of fracture using fixation devices made from various alloys (stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium) carry a risk of these alloys leaching into circulation, potentially causing undesired health effects. Hence, monitoring the levels of metal ions in the serum of postoperative patients with metal implants is mandated. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from seventy patients with orthopedic metal implants was collected after a minimum postoperative period of 1 year. The samples were subjected to triple acid digestion and serum levels of chromium and nickel were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: The concentration of chromium (0.13 ± 0.06 μg/L) and nickel (0.39 ± 0.28 μg/L) in serum was within the reference range (chromium: 0.05–0.15 μg/L; nickel: 0.05–1.0 μg/L). Although a relatively high variability in the concentration of nickel was observed compared to chromium. In a subgroup analysis, the concentrations of both metal ions were not influenced by either gender, age groups, site of intramedullary nail, or postoperative duration. Conclusion: The concentration of chromium and nickel in serum of patients with orthopedic metal implants was within the normal reference levels at over 1-year post implant. The concentration of these metal ions was not influenced by gender, age groups, site of intramedullary nail, or postoperative duration.
{"title":"Concentration of chromium and nickel in serum of patients with orthopedic implant: An analysis","authors":"V. Sengodan, P. Sai Sarrvesh","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_39_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_39_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Surgical corrections of fracture using fixation devices made from various alloys (stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium) carry a risk of these alloys leaching into circulation, potentially causing undesired health effects. Hence, monitoring the levels of metal ions in the serum of postoperative patients with metal implants is mandated. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from seventy patients with orthopedic metal implants was collected after a minimum postoperative period of 1 year. The samples were subjected to triple acid digestion and serum levels of chromium and nickel were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: The concentration of chromium (0.13 ± 0.06 μg/L) and nickel (0.39 ± 0.28 μg/L) in serum was within the reference range (chromium: 0.05–0.15 μg/L; nickel: 0.05–1.0 μg/L). Although a relatively high variability in the concentration of nickel was observed compared to chromium. In a subgroup analysis, the concentrations of both metal ions were not influenced by either gender, age groups, site of intramedullary nail, or postoperative duration. Conclusion: The concentration of chromium and nickel in serum of patients with orthopedic metal implants was within the normal reference levels at over 1-year post implant. The concentration of these metal ions was not influenced by gender, age groups, site of intramedullary nail, or postoperative duration.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":"189 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73126587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_35_21
M. Vinoth, Abhijit S. Joshi
Intussusception is a rare phenomenon in adults and usually presents with bowel obstruction. Unlike pediatric intussusception, adult intussusception (AI) is seldom idiopathic and frequently associated with secondary causes such as benign and malignant tumors. AI accounts for 5% of all cases of intussusception and almost 1%–5% of all cases of bowel obstruction. We hereby present the rare case of a 42-year-old female patient with ileoileal intussusception caused by an inflammatory myofibroblastic polyp. We also delve into a review of literature on AIs, touching different common and uncommon types as well as their diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options.
{"title":"Laparoscopic management of adult ileoileal intussusception due to an inflammatory fibroid polyp: A case report with review of literature","authors":"M. Vinoth, Abhijit S. Joshi","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"Intussusception is a rare phenomenon in adults and usually presents with bowel obstruction. Unlike pediatric intussusception, adult intussusception (AI) is seldom idiopathic and frequently associated with secondary causes such as benign and malignant tumors. AI accounts for 5% of all cases of intussusception and almost 1%–5% of all cases of bowel obstruction. We hereby present the rare case of a 42-year-old female patient with ileoileal intussusception caused by an inflammatory myofibroblastic polyp. We also delve into a review of literature on AIs, touching different common and uncommon types as well as their diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"252 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76994570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_193_20
K. Sowndarya, J. Joseph, Amya Shenoy, A. Hegde
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic syndrome and HOMA-IR2 is a validated marker of IR. Fasting lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol routinely feature in the outpatient investigation list. Utility of TG/HDL ratio as a surrogate marker for IR was thus studied in healthy young males. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 71 young males aged 18–35 years who came for a routine health check in a fasting state. Height, weight, waist circumference were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile reports were collected from the laboratory database. Fasting insulin (FI) was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body mass index (kg/m2), TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and HOMA-IR2 were calculated. Results: Mean TG/HDL ratio was 3.73 ± 2.03 and HOMA IR2 was above the standard cut off of ≥2.5 units. Subjects were further divided into two groups based on FPG values. TG, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, TG/HDL, TC/HDL, FI and HOMA-IR2 were found to be higher in the pre-diabetes with impaired fasting glycemic subjects. Overall, a statistically significant positive correlation was seen (P = 0.01, r = 0.284) between TG/HDL and HOMA-IR2. Conclusion: TG/HDL ratio was significantly associated with IR and it could be used as an indicator of IR especially in prediabetic subjects having impaired fasting glucose.
背景:胰岛素抵抗(IR)是代谢综合征的主要潜在机制，HOMA-IR2是胰岛素抵抗的有效标志物。空腹血脂，包括甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇在门诊调查名单中是常规特征。因此，在健康的年轻男性中研究了TG/HDL比率作为IR的替代标记物的效用。材料和方法:这项横断面研究涉及71名年龄在18-35岁之间的年轻男性，他们在禁食状态下进行常规健康检查。记录身高、体重、腰围。空腹血糖(FPG)和血脂报告从实验室数据库中收集。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定空腹胰岛素(FI)。计算体重指数(kg/m2)、TG/HDL、TC/HDL、HOMA-IR2。结果:平均TG/HDL比值为3.73±2.03,HOMA IR2高于标准临界值≥2.5单位。根据FPG值将受试者进一步分为两组。空腹血糖受损的糖尿病前期患者TG、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、TG/HDL、TC/HDL、FI和HOMA-IR2均较高。总体而言，TG/HDL与HOMA-IR2呈显著正相关(P = 0.01, r = 0.284)。结论:TG/HDL比值与IR有显著相关性，尤其在空腹血糖受损的糖尿病前期患者中可作为IR的指标。
{"title":"Evaluation of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance in healthy young males","authors":"K. Sowndarya, J. Joseph, Amya Shenoy, A. Hegde","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_193_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_193_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic syndrome and HOMA-IR2 is a validated marker of IR. Fasting lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol routinely feature in the outpatient investigation list. Utility of TG/HDL ratio as a surrogate marker for IR was thus studied in healthy young males. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 71 young males aged 18–35 years who came for a routine health check in a fasting state. Height, weight, waist circumference were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile reports were collected from the laboratory database. Fasting insulin (FI) was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body mass index (kg/m2), TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and HOMA-IR2 were calculated. Results: Mean TG/HDL ratio was 3.73 ± 2.03 and HOMA IR2 was above the standard cut off of ≥2.5 units. Subjects were further divided into two groups based on FPG values. TG, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, TG/HDL, TC/HDL, FI and HOMA-IR2 were found to be higher in the pre-diabetes with impaired fasting glycemic subjects. Overall, a statistically significant positive correlation was seen (P = 0.01, r = 0.284) between TG/HDL and HOMA-IR2. Conclusion: TG/HDL ratio was significantly associated with IR and it could be used as an indicator of IR especially in prediabetic subjects having impaired fasting glucose.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"213 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86574098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_145_20
A. Rokade, N. Kshirsagar, M. Laddad
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare alternatives to human papillomavirus test, such as Papanicolaou (PAP) smear and colposcopy with histopathology in symptomatic women and those with suspicious-looking cervix. Materials and Methods: This prospective, 7-month study was conducted on 208 female patients aged ≥18 years with suspicious-looking cervix, complaining of vaginal discharge and menstrual bleeding. All patients were subjected to PAP smear, colposcopy, and colposcopy-directed biopsy. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated to assess the performance of diagnostic tests. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests using software R version 3.6.0. Results: Majority (166) of the patients were in the age group of 31–50 years (79.8%) and the mean age was 39.8 ± 7.9 years. Most of them had abdominal pain (65; 31.2%), white discharge (60; 28.8%), and early sexual exposure at 16–19 years (120; 57.6%) of age. PAP smear cytology revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 4.3% and 5.8% women, respectively. Per speculum evaluation revealed cervical abnormalities in 85.6% of women. On colposcopy, low-grade infection and suspicious malignancy were noted in 28.8% and 14.4% women, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PAP test were 19.5% and 83.3%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for colposcopy were 90.2% and 72.8%, respectively. Conclusions: PAP smear cytology demonstrated very poor sensitivity compared to colposcopy, especially for LSILs.
{"title":"PAP smear versus colposcopy in symptomatic women and women with suspicious-looking cervix","authors":"A. Rokade, N. Kshirsagar, M. Laddad","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_145_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_145_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the study was to compare alternatives to human papillomavirus test, such as Papanicolaou (PAP) smear and colposcopy with histopathology in symptomatic women and those with suspicious-looking cervix. Materials and Methods: This prospective, 7-month study was conducted on 208 female patients aged ≥18 years with suspicious-looking cervix, complaining of vaginal discharge and menstrual bleeding. All patients were subjected to PAP smear, colposcopy, and colposcopy-directed biopsy. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated to assess the performance of diagnostic tests. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests using software R version 3.6.0. Results: Majority (166) of the patients were in the age group of 31–50 years (79.8%) and the mean age was 39.8 ± 7.9 years. Most of them had abdominal pain (65; 31.2%), white discharge (60; 28.8%), and early sexual exposure at 16–19 years (120; 57.6%) of age. PAP smear cytology revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 4.3% and 5.8% women, respectively. Per speculum evaluation revealed cervical abnormalities in 85.6% of women. On colposcopy, low-grade infection and suspicious malignancy were noted in 28.8% and 14.4% women, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PAP test were 19.5% and 83.3%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for colposcopy were 90.2% and 72.8%, respectively. Conclusions: PAP smear cytology demonstrated very poor sensitivity compared to colposcopy, especially for LSILs.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"145 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89754694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_217_20
Nimisha Dhankar, Richa Gupta, S. Mandal
Background: The impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on innate immunity is well documented, but the data on its effect on cells of the adaptive immune system are scant. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with IDA using flow cytometry. Materials and Methods: The total and differential lymphocyte populations of 80 iron-deficient children and 40 controls were assessed using a single-tube flow cytometry panel. Results: Children in the IDA group showed a significant decrease in total leukocyte count as compared to controls (P = 0.03). The study also found a significant increase in total lymphocytes and CD19 + B cells (P = 0.042 and 0.040, respectively). CD3, CD4, CD8, and NK cells were unaltered. Conclusion: The study concluded that iron deficiency in children is associated with relative lymphocytosis contributed mainly by the B lymphocytes. There is no quantitative defect in cells of the adaptive limb of the immune system in IDA. In view of the increased incidence of infections in these children, functional assays for identifying qualitative defects may prove useful.
{"title":"Lymphocyte subset alterations in childhood iron deficiency anemia: A case–control study from Northern India","authors":"Nimisha Dhankar, Richa Gupta, S. Mandal","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_217_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_217_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on innate immunity is well documented, but the data on its effect on cells of the adaptive immune system are scant. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with IDA using flow cytometry. Materials and Methods: The total and differential lymphocyte populations of 80 iron-deficient children and 40 controls were assessed using a single-tube flow cytometry panel. Results: Children in the IDA group showed a significant decrease in total leukocyte count as compared to controls (P = 0.03). The study also found a significant increase in total lymphocytes and CD19 + B cells (P = 0.042 and 0.040, respectively). CD3, CD4, CD8, and NK cells were unaltered. Conclusion: The study concluded that iron deficiency in children is associated with relative lymphocytosis contributed mainly by the B lymphocytes. There is no quantitative defect in cells of the adaptive limb of the immune system in IDA. In view of the increased incidence of infections in these children, functional assays for identifying qualitative defects may prove useful.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"185 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75584727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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