Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_114_20
M. Anil, Esmin Thayana, J. Bhat
Background: Adolescents start to understand nonliteral language and begin to use language to maintain social bonds in varying social contexts. Aim: This study aims to profile pragmatic judgment abilities in typically developing adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 typically developing adolescents across the age range of 10–16 years. The formulated story consisted of 29 multiple-choice judgment questions to assess an adolescent's ability to judge the use of pragmatics skills by different characters in the story. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups determined by the one-way analysis of variance (F [5114] =4.83, P = 0.00). Conclusion: With increasing grades, adolescents spend a reasonable time socializing with peers and others, promoting the development of pragmatic skills. As children and adolescents grow, perceptions of others improve, along with their ability to identify the complexity of contentious topics and differing points of view.
背景:青少年开始理解非字面语言，并开始在不同的社会环境中使用语言来维持社会联系。目的:研究典型发展青少年的语用判断能力。材料与方法:本研究对120名10-16岁的典型发育青少年进行了调查。拟定的故事由29道选择题组成，用以评估青少年判断故事中不同人物使用语用技巧的能力。结果:经单因素方差分析，两组间差异有统计学意义(F [5114] =4.83, P = 0.00)。结论:随着年级的增长，青少年花在与同伴和他人交往上的时间合理，促进了语用技能的发展。随着儿童和青少年的成长，他们对他人的看法也在提高，同时他们识别有争议话题和不同观点的复杂性的能力也在提高。
{"title":"Judgment of pragmatic abilities: A story-based assessment in adolescents","authors":"M. Anil, Esmin Thayana, J. Bhat","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_114_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_114_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents start to understand nonliteral language and begin to use language to maintain social bonds in varying social contexts. Aim: This study aims to profile pragmatic judgment abilities in typically developing adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 typically developing adolescents across the age range of 10–16 years. The formulated story consisted of 29 multiple-choice judgment questions to assess an adolescent's ability to judge the use of pragmatics skills by different characters in the story. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups determined by the one-way analysis of variance (F [5114] =4.83, P = 0.00). Conclusion: With increasing grades, adolescents spend a reasonable time socializing with peers and others, promoting the development of pragmatic skills. As children and adolescents grow, perceptions of others improve, along with their ability to identify the complexity of contentious topics and differing points of view.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"35 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.307845
Vinodh A Kumar, S. Fernandez, Divya Sharma, Arun S. Kumar
{"title":"Publication paradigm among academics in dental sciences and pseudo perceptions of journal quality matrix: A re-look into medical council of India, dental council of India, and university grants commission publication guidelines","authors":"Vinodh A Kumar, S. Fernandez, Divya Sharma, Arun S. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-9668.307845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.307845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77873371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_26_20
Y. Arliny, F. Yunus, E. Burhan, S. Andarini, S. A. A. Jusman, E. Yunir, A. Kekalih, Arto Soeroton, F. Nurwidya
Background: Diabetes Mellitus has been identified as one of factors causing increased risks of latent TB infection. The roles of cathelicidin LL-37, 1.25(OH)2D3 as well as their correlation with specific IFN-γ in latent TB has not been extensively identified. Aims and Objectives: Our study was aimed to identify proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM and to identify the role of cathelicidin, 1.25(OH)2D3, vitamin D and other clinical factors as predictors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Methods: Our study was conducted in 2 stages. The first-stage study was a cross-sectional study to identify the proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM without any history of TB, which was continued with a case-control study to identify the roles of predictive biomarkers (cathelicidin LL-37, 25(OH)D3, 1.25(OH)2D3 and IFN-γ) as well as clinical predictive factors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Results: Out of 242 diabetic patients without any history of TB who underwent screening test for latent TB, there were 78 (33.2%) subjects with a diagnosis of latent TB and 1 subject was diagnosed with active TB. There was significant association on the level of cathelicidin LL-37 in DM patient with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection (23.49 ng/mL vs. 49.6 ng/mL vs. 10.46 ng/mL, P < 0,005). Almost all of subjects with DM showed low levels of vitamin D, most in subject with active TB (97%). There was no significant association between 1.25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 in DM patients with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection. There was a significant association on the levels of IFN-γ ((TB1 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.03 IU/mL P < 0.005; TB2 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.04 IU/mL P < 0.005) in DM subjects with latent TB and those without TB infection; however, no significant association was found in DM subjects with latent TB and active TB. History of smoking, HbA1C > 9.5% and cathelicidin LL-37 levels of > 30 ng/mL were predictors for latent TB into active TB in DM patients. Conclusion: Cathelicidin LL-37 can serve as a biomarker of latent TB progressiveness in patients with DM.
背景:糖尿病已被确定为引起潜伏性结核感染风险增加的因素之一。cathelicidin ll - 37,1.25 (OH)2D3在潜伏性结核中的作用及其与特异性IFN-γ的相关性尚未得到广泛鉴定。目的和目的:本研究旨在确定糖尿病患者潜伏性结核感染的比例，并确定cathelicidin、1.25(OH)2D3、维生素D等临床因素对糖尿病合并潜伏性结核患者活动性结核感染的预测作用。方法:本研究分为两个阶段进行。第一阶段研究是一项横断研究，旨在确定无结核病史的糖尿病患者中潜伏性结核感染的比例，并继续进行一项病例对照研究，以确定预测性生物标志物(cathelicidin LL-37、25(OH)D3、1.25(OH)2D3和IFN-γ)以及临床预测因素在糖尿病合并潜伏性结核患者中活动性结核感染的作用。结果:242例无结核史的糖尿病患者中，有78例(33.2%)被诊断为潜伏性结核，1例被诊断为活动性结核。合并潜伏性结核、活动性结核和未感染结核的糖尿病患者的抗菌肽LL-37水平有显著相关性(23.49 ng/mL vs 49.6 ng/mL vs 10.46 ng/mL, P < 0.005)。几乎所有糖尿病患者的维生素D水平都很低，其中大多数是活动性结核病患者(97%)。1.25(OH)2D3与25(OH)D3在合并潜伏性结核、活动性结核和未感染结核的DM患者中无显著相关性。IFN-γ水平显著相关(TB1 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.03 IU/mL P < 0.005;TB2 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.04 IU/mL P < 0.005);然而，在糖尿病受试者中未发现潜伏性结核和活动性结核的显著相关性。吸烟史、HbA1C > 9.5%和cathelicidin LL-37水平> 30 ng/mL是DM患者潜伏性结核转化为活动性结核的预测因子。结论:Cathelicidin LL-37可作为糖尿病患者潜伏性结核进展的生物标志物。
{"title":"Diagnostic predictors of active tuberculosis infection in diabetic patients with latent tuberculosis: A review on cathelicidin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","authors":"Y. Arliny, F. Yunus, E. Burhan, S. Andarini, S. A. A. Jusman, E. Yunir, A. Kekalih, Arto Soeroton, F. Nurwidya","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes Mellitus has been identified as one of factors causing increased risks of latent TB infection. The roles of cathelicidin LL-37, 1.25(OH)2D3 as well as their correlation with specific IFN-γ in latent TB has not been extensively identified. Aims and Objectives: Our study was aimed to identify proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM and to identify the role of cathelicidin, 1.25(OH)2D3, vitamin D and other clinical factors as predictors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Methods: Our study was conducted in 2 stages. The first-stage study was a cross-sectional study to identify the proportion of latent TB infection in patients with DM without any history of TB, which was continued with a case-control study to identify the roles of predictive biomarkers (cathelicidin LL-37, 25(OH)D3, 1.25(OH)2D3 and IFN-γ) as well as clinical predictive factors for active TB infection in diabetic patients with latent TB. Results: Out of 242 diabetic patients without any history of TB who underwent screening test for latent TB, there were 78 (33.2%) subjects with a diagnosis of latent TB and 1 subject was diagnosed with active TB. There was significant association on the level of cathelicidin LL-37 in DM patient with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection (23.49 ng/mL vs. 49.6 ng/mL vs. 10.46 ng/mL, P < 0,005). Almost all of subjects with DM showed low levels of vitamin D, most in subject with active TB (97%). There was no significant association between 1.25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 in DM patients with latent TB, active TB and without TB infection. There was a significant association on the levels of IFN-γ ((TB1 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.03 IU/mL P < 0.005; TB2 1.4 IU/mL vs. 0.04 IU/mL P < 0.005) in DM subjects with latent TB and those without TB infection; however, no significant association was found in DM subjects with latent TB and active TB. History of smoking, HbA1C > 9.5% and cathelicidin LL-37 levels of > 30 ng/mL were predictors for latent TB into active TB in DM patients. Conclusion: Cathelicidin LL-37 can serve as a biomarker of latent TB progressiveness in patients with DM.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78298346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_5_20
Priyotosh Banerjee, T. Kumar, S. Sarangi, U. Meetei, A. Devi, Ritesh Kumar
Aim: Elsholtzia stachyodes is being used as a folk medicine to suppress the pain in various inflammation-related disorders in the North-eastern part of India. However, there is a lacking of evidence-based data on it. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of an aqueous extract of Elsoltzia stachyodes (AEES) on experimental models of inflammation in rats. Materials and Methods: The qualitative phytochemical analysis tests were performed to check the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoids. Wistar (150–175 g) rats were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory property by carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granulation tissue formation models. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and AEES were administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in both the models. In case of carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the change in paw volume was estimated using plethysmometer. However, wounds weights of cotton pellet were measured in cotton pellet-induced granulation tissue formation model. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The phytochemical analysis of AEES showed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoids. AEES showed a significant decrease in paw edema and weight of the cotton pellets in a dose-dependent manner in both the inflammatory models. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that AEES exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity and may have the potential of usefulness as an adjuvant therapy in inflammatory-related disorders.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract of Elsoltzia stachyodes on experimental models of inflammation in rats","authors":"Priyotosh Banerjee, T. Kumar, S. Sarangi, U. Meetei, A. Devi, Ritesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Elsholtzia stachyodes is being used as a folk medicine to suppress the pain in various inflammation-related disorders in the North-eastern part of India. However, there is a lacking of evidence-based data on it. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of an aqueous extract of Elsoltzia stachyodes (AEES) on experimental models of inflammation in rats. Materials and Methods: The qualitative phytochemical analysis tests were performed to check the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoids. Wistar (150–175 g) rats were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory property by carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granulation tissue formation models. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and AEES were administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in both the models. In case of carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the change in paw volume was estimated using plethysmometer. However, wounds weights of cotton pellet were measured in cotton pellet-induced granulation tissue formation model. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The phytochemical analysis of AEES showed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoids. AEES showed a significant decrease in paw edema and weight of the cotton pellets in a dose-dependent manner in both the inflammatory models. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that AEES exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity and may have the potential of usefulness as an adjuvant therapy in inflammatory-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"103 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83287981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_81_20
S. Subramanian, Purva Dalmia, Prakash Vincent Samuel Gnana, D. Appukuttan
Hemangiomas are benign tumors of the blood vessel origin. They appear as raised or flat reddish-blue lesions and are generally solitary, affecting women in younger age groups. The tumor may be slowly progressive, involving extensive portions of the superficial and deep blood vessels, and affect function, depending on the location. They are mostly common in the head and neck region but rarely in the oral cavity. This case report presents a case of capillary hemangioma in the labial mucosa of a female patient, which was diagnosed by histopathology after laser excision.
{"title":"Laser excision of intraoral capillary hemangioma","authors":"S. Subramanian, Purva Dalmia, Prakash Vincent Samuel Gnana, D. Appukuttan","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_81_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_81_20","url":null,"abstract":"Hemangiomas are benign tumors of the blood vessel origin. They appear as raised or flat reddish-blue lesions and are generally solitary, affecting women in younger age groups. The tumor may be slowly progressive, involving extensive portions of the superficial and deep blood vessels, and affect function, depending on the location. They are mostly common in the head and neck region but rarely in the oral cavity. This case report presents a case of capillary hemangioma in the labial mucosa of a female patient, which was diagnosed by histopathology after laser excision.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"124 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87434554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_191_19
Kiran Lyagala, P. Neerati
Background: Satins' combination with anticancer drugs is a potential combination in treating cancer, which also inhibits the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) to reduce the development of drug resistance by altering the absorption kinetics. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of atorvastatin (ATS) and verapamil (VER) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan (IRT) by N-methyl N-nitroso-urea-induced cancer in rat colon and small intestine. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study using noneverted sac model was conducted to determine the effect of ATS on the functional status of intestinal P-gp in colon cancer-induced rats. IRT (75 μg/ml) with and without VER (200 μM) and ATR (30 μg/ml) were filled into the excised colon tissue. In in vivo study, VER (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and ATS (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered separately 2 h before IRT (80 mg/kg, p.o.) dosing in male Wistar rats. Serum samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h time points from control and treated animals to determine IRT concentration. Results: An in vitro noneverted sac study indicated IRT to be a P-gp substrate, and the function of intestinal P-gp was significantly inhibited in the presence of VER and ATS. After oral TRT dosing, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve was found to be 1.406 ± 0.15, which was increased significantly, i.e., 2.376 ± 0.19 (P < 0.001) and 1.856 ± 0.07 (P < 0.01), when VER and ATS, respectively, were co-administered with IRT. Similarly, the mean maximum plasma concentration of IRT increased from 0.247 ± 0.02 μg/ml (IRT alone) to 0.390 ± 0.03 (P < 0.001) (with VER) to 0.321 ± 0.02 (P < 0.01) (with ATS). Conclusion: These results indicate the improved bioavailability of IRT by the P-gp inhibitory effect of ATS, and further investigation is needed to develop IRT oral formulation in combination with suitable P-gp inhibitors for the treatment of colon cancer.
{"title":"Atorvastatin enhanced the bioavailability of irinotecan by inhibition of permeability-glycoprotein in rats with colon cancer: In vivo and in vitro studies","authors":"Kiran Lyagala, P. Neerati","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_191_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_191_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Satins' combination with anticancer drugs is a potential combination in treating cancer, which also inhibits the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) to reduce the development of drug resistance by altering the absorption kinetics. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of atorvastatin (ATS) and verapamil (VER) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan (IRT) by N-methyl N-nitroso-urea-induced cancer in rat colon and small intestine. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study using noneverted sac model was conducted to determine the effect of ATS on the functional status of intestinal P-gp in colon cancer-induced rats. IRT (75 μg/ml) with and without VER (200 μM) and ATR (30 μg/ml) were filled into the excised colon tissue. In in vivo study, VER (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and ATS (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered separately 2 h before IRT (80 mg/kg, p.o.) dosing in male Wistar rats. Serum samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h time points from control and treated animals to determine IRT concentration. Results: An in vitro noneverted sac study indicated IRT to be a P-gp substrate, and the function of intestinal P-gp was significantly inhibited in the presence of VER and ATS. After oral TRT dosing, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve was found to be 1.406 ± 0.15, which was increased significantly, i.e., 2.376 ± 0.19 (P < 0.001) and 1.856 ± 0.07 (P < 0.01), when VER and ATS, respectively, were co-administered with IRT. Similarly, the mean maximum plasma concentration of IRT increased from 0.247 ± 0.02 μg/ml (IRT alone) to 0.390 ± 0.03 (P < 0.001) (with VER) to 0.321 ± 0.02 (P < 0.01) (with ATS). Conclusion: These results indicate the improved bioavailability of IRT by the P-gp inhibitory effect of ATS, and further investigation is needed to develop IRT oral formulation in combination with suitable P-gp inhibitors for the treatment of colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75356254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_85_20
D. Subramanian, P. Mithra, K. Bhagyalakshmi, G. Bolumbu
Background: Intelligence is the ability to learn and adapt rapidly and is highly variable among individuals. The existence of language can be attributed to the brain and its capability to learn. Language, therefore, must be learnable by children. Very few studies correlate the language skills and the intelligence level of the person. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to correlated languages known and intelligence. We hypothesized that the mental circuitry responsible for linguistic skills must be more refined among those who know more languages. Materials and Methods: A correlational questionnaire-based study was conducted on 205 subjects of the age group of 19–22 years, who were required to fill in a case study form and take an IQ test (Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test). The number of languages known among the 205 participants ranged from 1 to 6. Intergroup comparison was made using Pearson Correlation, Kruskal–Walli's test, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: When the Pearson Correlation was used, we did not find a statistically significant difference among the groups. No correlation between the number of languages known and the IQ of a person was evident (The Pearson Correlation Coefficient-0.029 and P = 0.677). The IQ in those who knew two or more languages were higher, while it was highest in those who knew four languages (P < 0.001). Conclusion: From the results, we could conclude that there is no direct correlation between the languages known by a person and the IQ. However, their comprehension capability may be better.
{"title":"Study of correlation of the number of languages spoken with intelligence among young Indian adults","authors":"D. Subramanian, P. Mithra, K. Bhagyalakshmi, G. Bolumbu","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_85_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_85_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intelligence is the ability to learn and adapt rapidly and is highly variable among individuals. The existence of language can be attributed to the brain and its capability to learn. Language, therefore, must be learnable by children. Very few studies correlate the language skills and the intelligence level of the person. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to correlated languages known and intelligence. We hypothesized that the mental circuitry responsible for linguistic skills must be more refined among those who know more languages. Materials and Methods: A correlational questionnaire-based study was conducted on 205 subjects of the age group of 19–22 years, who were required to fill in a case study form and take an IQ test (Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test). The number of languages known among the 205 participants ranged from 1 to 6. Intergroup comparison was made using Pearson Correlation, Kruskal–Walli's test, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: When the Pearson Correlation was used, we did not find a statistically significant difference among the groups. No correlation between the number of languages known and the IQ of a person was evident (The Pearson Correlation Coefficient-0.029 and P = 0.677). The IQ in those who knew two or more languages were higher, while it was highest in those who knew four languages (P < 0.001). Conclusion: From the results, we could conclude that there is no direct correlation between the languages known by a person and the IQ. However, their comprehension capability may be better.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"2001 1","pages":"17 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86400321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_89_20
Sudipta Sinha, Mithilesh Kumar, S. Singh, V. Kashyap
Context: Neurological ailments have complex relation with HIV/AIDS. Depression in seropositive patients directly affects treatment outcome. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression/depressive symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral treatment center and ascertain the underlying factors that have bearing on depression. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among HIV seropositive patients attending ART center of the largest public health hospital in Jharkhand. Subjects and Methods: Between April 2018 and March 2019, 250 adult subjects were consecutively recruited and interviewed. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a positive depression screen defined as PHQ-9 score ≥10. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square was used to assess association. Factors found significant underwent multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [95% CI]: 14.2, 24.2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified history of weight loss (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.17, 95% CI: 2.0, 19.08; P = 0.002), presently suffering from tuberculosis (aOR 5.65, 95% CI: 1.47, 21.74; P = 0.012), bad relationship with family members (aOR 6.85, 95% CI: 1.49, 31.53, P = 0.013) as correlates of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The present study found depressive symptoms among adults with seropositive status, attending the ART center. HIV seropositive patients with known comorbidities, for example, with a history of weight loss, presently suffering from tuberculosis and with stressed relation within the family were prone to depressive symptoms.
{"title":"Assessment of depression in HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral treatment center of a tertiary care institute in Eastern India: A hospital-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Sudipta Sinha, Mithilesh Kumar, S. Singh, V. Kashyap","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_89_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_89_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Neurological ailments have complex relation with HIV/AIDS. Depression in seropositive patients directly affects treatment outcome. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression/depressive symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral treatment center and ascertain the underlying factors that have bearing on depression. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among HIV seropositive patients attending ART center of the largest public health hospital in Jharkhand. Subjects and Methods: Between April 2018 and March 2019, 250 adult subjects were consecutively recruited and interviewed. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a positive depression screen defined as PHQ-9 score ≥10. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square was used to assess association. Factors found significant underwent multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [95% CI]: 14.2, 24.2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified history of weight loss (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.17, 95% CI: 2.0, 19.08; P = 0.002), presently suffering from tuberculosis (aOR 5.65, 95% CI: 1.47, 21.74; P = 0.012), bad relationship with family members (aOR 6.85, 95% CI: 1.49, 31.53, P = 0.013) as correlates of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The present study found depressive symptoms among adults with seropositive status, attending the ART center. HIV seropositive patients with known comorbidities, for example, with a history of weight loss, presently suffering from tuberculosis and with stressed relation within the family were prone to depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"27 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87581989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_118_20
U. Raina, J. Suri, S. Bhardwaj, B. Sahni
Background: Direct smears and cell blocks prepared from residual tissue fluids complement each other for establishing a conclusive cytopathologic diagnosis in thyroid lesions. Aim of the Study: Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) alone and in combination with cell blocks in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study was conducted in which 100 thyroid smears were categorized as neoplastic, nonneoplastic and inadequate using FNAC and cell block technique. All specimens were classified using point scoring system modified by Mair et al. Direct smears were compared with cell-block specimens on variables of cellularity, background blood and clot, cellular degeneration and retention of appropriate architecture using Fisher's exact and unpaired t-test. Results: Sixty-two percent of cell block specimens showed a moderate amount of background material (P = 0.01), display of excellent architecture was also significantly more in cell block (20%) technique than direct smears (9%), and degree of cellular degeneration was minimal in significantly more cell blocks (26%) than direct smears (12%), thereby making diagnosis easy as opposed to FNAC which yielded more cellular material than cell blocks (P = 0.02). Four cases showing hemorrhagic material on direct smears were diagnosed on cell block as one case each of colloid goiter and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and two cases of adenomatous goiter and two cases showing hemorrhagic material on cell block were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on direct smears. Conclusion: FNAC and cell block complement each other and combining both techniques improves the diagnostic yield and facilitates accurate diagnosis. It is advisable to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions.
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of cell block technique as an adjunct to cytological smears in evaluation of thyroid aspirates on fine needle aspiration cytology","authors":"U. Raina, J. Suri, S. Bhardwaj, B. Sahni","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_118_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_118_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Direct smears and cell blocks prepared from residual tissue fluids complement each other for establishing a conclusive cytopathologic diagnosis in thyroid lesions. Aim of the Study: Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) alone and in combination with cell blocks in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study was conducted in which 100 thyroid smears were categorized as neoplastic, nonneoplastic and inadequate using FNAC and cell block technique. All specimens were classified using point scoring system modified by Mair et al. Direct smears were compared with cell-block specimens on variables of cellularity, background blood and clot, cellular degeneration and retention of appropriate architecture using Fisher's exact and unpaired t-test. Results: Sixty-two percent of cell block specimens showed a moderate amount of background material (P = 0.01), display of excellent architecture was also significantly more in cell block (20%) technique than direct smears (9%), and degree of cellular degeneration was minimal in significantly more cell blocks (26%) than direct smears (12%), thereby making diagnosis easy as opposed to FNAC which yielded more cellular material than cell blocks (P = 0.02). Four cases showing hemorrhagic material on direct smears were diagnosed on cell block as one case each of colloid goiter and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and two cases of adenomatous goiter and two cases showing hemorrhagic material on cell block were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on direct smears. Conclusion: FNAC and cell block complement each other and combining both techniques improves the diagnostic yield and facilitates accurate diagnosis. It is advisable to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"117 1","pages":"6 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73128151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_60_20
R. Patra, B. Kanungo, S. Nazir, A. Abraham
Background: Pain originates from the neck and may radiate to the shoulder or base of the cranium and is often aggravated by anxiety, depression, soft-tissue strain, occupational activities, and poor posture. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of thoracic spine manipulation along with cranial base release technique to improve motion and alleviate pain in individuals suffering from mechanical neck pain. Materials and Methods: We recruited 60 individuals (male: 31 and female: 29) who were suffering from mechanical neck pain. The participants were randomly distributed into Groups A and B. Patients of Group A underwent conventional physiotherapy treatment, whereas patients of Group B patients underwent thoracic spine manipulation and cranial base release. Baseline range of motion and pain were evaluated before starting the treatment, and postintervention measures were obtained after the weeks of intervention. Results: All participants completed 2 weeks of treatment. Group A had shown better outcome in all the parameters than Group B. We observed that the pain and cervical range of motions of Group B patients were statistically significantly different from those of Group A patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic spine manipulation in conjunction with cranial base release technique is more effective in the management of pain and cervical range of motion compared to the conventional physiotherapy treatment.
{"title":"Effectiveness of thoracic spine manipulation in conjunction with cranial base release technique on pain and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain","authors":"R. Patra, B. Kanungo, S. Nazir, A. Abraham","doi":"10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_60_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_60_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain originates from the neck and may radiate to the shoulder or base of the cranium and is often aggravated by anxiety, depression, soft-tissue strain, occupational activities, and poor posture. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of thoracic spine manipulation along with cranial base release technique to improve motion and alleviate pain in individuals suffering from mechanical neck pain. Materials and Methods: We recruited 60 individuals (male: 31 and female: 29) who were suffering from mechanical neck pain. The participants were randomly distributed into Groups A and B. Patients of Group A underwent conventional physiotherapy treatment, whereas patients of Group B patients underwent thoracic spine manipulation and cranial base release. Baseline range of motion and pain were evaluated before starting the treatment, and postintervention measures were obtained after the weeks of intervention. Results: All participants completed 2 weeks of treatment. Group A had shown better outcome in all the parameters than Group B. We observed that the pain and cervical range of motions of Group B patients were statistically significantly different from those of Group A patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic spine manipulation in conjunction with cranial base release technique is more effective in the management of pain and cervical range of motion compared to the conventional physiotherapy treatment.","PeriodicalId":16373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"93 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73220962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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