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Assessment of the efficiency of occupational safety culture management in fuel and energy companies 燃料能源企业职业安全文化管理效率评价
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.12
E. Glebova, A. Volokhina, A. Vikhrov
The results of development, testing and implementation of the process of occupational safety culture management in a fuel and energy company including the assessment of current state, assessment of deviation, formation of control action and its implementation are presented. Using the methods of mathematical analysis, the components of occupational safety culture and criteria for their evaluation were developed. As a control action, a procedure for conducting behavioural safety audit was elaborated and implemented. Proceeding from the results of analysing average ratings of safety culture components among the employees prior to and after the introduction of behavioural safety audit, it was concluded that there was a statistically significant increase in the average values of 12 out of 16 ratings of safety culture components. Analysis of the results of 1,011 audits showed the absence of an “alarm area” at the enterprise. Introduction of the developed process management model promotes an increase in the efficiency of attaining a high level of occupational safety culture in fuel and energy companies.
介绍了某燃料能源公司职业安全文化管理过程的开发、测试和实施结果,包括现状评价、偏差评价、控制动作的形成和实施。运用数学分析的方法,提出了职业安全文化的构成要素及其评价标准。作为一项控制措施,我们制定并实施了一套行为安全审核程序。在引入行为安全审计之前和之后,对雇员的安全文化成分的平均评分进行分析,结果显示,在16个安全文化成分的评分中,有12个的平均值在统计上显著增加。对1,011次审计结果的分析表明,该企业没有“警报区”。引入已开发的过程管理模式,促进燃料和能源公司实现高水平职业安全文化的效率的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Development of methodology for scenario analysis of investment projects of enterprises of the mineral resource complex 开发矿产资源综合体企业投资项目情景分析方法
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.3
K. Matrokhina, V. Trofimets, E. Mazakov, A. Makhovikov, M. Khaykin
Theoretical and applied aspects of scenario analysis of investment projects of enterprises in the mineral resource sector of the economy are considered, its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Taking into account the organizational and economic features of mineral resources management, a number of new modifications of the scenario analysis method, aimed at solving an urgent problem - reducing the information uncertainty in assessing the expected efficiency and risk of investment projects, are proposed. The peculiarity of the proposed new modifications is the use of the interval-probabilistic approach in the implementation of the scenario analysis procedure. This approach is based on a moderately pessimistic system of preferences in obtaining point values of the investment project initial parameters. Fishburn estimates and the hierarchy analysis method were used to reduce subjective uncertainty. The maximum likelihood values in the sense of the maximum a priori probability are used as expected estimates. An additional indicator of risk assessment, which characterizes the probability of the event that the net present value of the project will take a value less than the specified one, is proposed. When analyzing one project, this indicator is more informative than the standard deviation. A statistical hypothesis was tested on the improvement of the validity of investment decisions developed using the modified scenario analysis method compared to the standard method.
从理论和应用两个方面对经济中矿产资源行业企业投资项目情景分析进行了研究,分析了其优缺点。考虑到矿物资源管理的组织和经济特点,对情景分析方法提出了一些新的修改,目的是解决一个紧迫的问题- -减少评估投资项目的预期效率和风险时的信息不确定性。提出的新修改的特点是在实施情景分析过程中使用了区间概率方法。这种方法是基于一个适度悲观的偏好系统来获得投资项目初始参数的点值。采用Fishburn估计和层次分析法来降低主观不确定性。最大先验概率意义上的最大似然值被用作期望估计。提出了一个风险评估的附加指标,它表征了项目净现值小于指定值的事件的概率。在分析一个项目时,这个指标比标准差更能提供信息。与标准方法相比,使用改进的情景分析方法对投资决策有效性的改善进行了统计假设检验。
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引用次数: 13
Development of methodology for economic evaluation of land plots for the extraction and processing of solid minerals 开发固体矿物开采和加工用地的经济评价方法
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.6
E. Bykowa, Мark Khaykin, Yuliya Shabaeva, Мaria Beloborodova
The Russian economy has a pronounced resource specialization; in many regions, subsoil use is a backbone or one of the main areas of the economy. In these conditions, the improvement of the methodology for the economic evaluation of lands on which mining enterprises are located is of particular relevance. On the basis of the existing experience in assessing industrial land, the authors present a developed methodology for determining the cadastral value of land plots where mining enterprises are located, taking into account their industry characteristics and the specifics of production and commercial activities. At the same time, cadastral valuation is considered as a specific form of economic valuation. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account the cost factors that have the greatest impact on the formation of the cost of land for the extraction and processing of solid minerals, and the method of assessment depending on the characteristics of the object. To carry out theoretical research, the methods of analysis and synthesis of legal and scientific and technical literature in the field of cadastral and market valuation of land were used in the work. The practical part is based on the application of expert methods, including the method of analysis of hierarchies, system and logical analysis. The method of M.A.Svitelskaya was chosen as the basis, which presents a combination of modified methods of statistical (regression) modeling and modeling based on specific indicators of cadastral value. The use of this technique in economic practice contributes to increasing the efficiency of cadastral valuation and the objectivity of its results.
俄罗斯经济具有明显的资源专业化;在许多地区,底土利用是经济的支柱或主要领域之一。在这种情况下,改进对采矿企业所在土地进行经济评价的方法是特别重要的。根据评估工业用地的现有经验,作者提出了一种确定采矿企业所在地块地籍价值的发展方法,考虑到这些地块的工业特点以及生产和商业活动的具体情况。同时,地籍估价被认为是经济估价的一种具体形式。特别强调必须考虑到对开采和加工固体矿物的土地成本的形成影响最大的成本因素,以及根据目标的特点进行评估的方法。在理论研究方面,运用了地籍、土地市场估价等领域的法律文献和科技文献分析综合的方法。实践部分是基于专家方法的应用,包括层次分析法、系统分析法和逻辑分析法。选取M.A.Svitelskaya方法作为基础,采用修正的统计(回归)建模方法与基于地籍价值特定指标的建模方法相结合的方法。在经济实践中使用这种技术有助于提高地籍估价的效率和结果的客观性。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical modelling of displacement during the potash ores mining by longwall faces 长壁工作面开采钾矿位移的数学建模
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.11
A. Baryakh, S. Devyatkov, E. Denkevich
In favourable mining conditions, in particular at the Starobinskoye potash deposit (Belarus), longwall mining systems are used. They cause a high human-induced load on the subsoil, including intense deformation of the ground surface. The presented investigations are aimed at studying the dynamics of the ground surface displacement during the longwall face advance. Mathematical modelling was carried out in an elastic-plastic formulation with numerical implementation by the finite element method. The condition for the roof rocks collapse was opening of the contact between the seams when its boundaries were reached by shear fractures or formation of the tensile stresses area at the outcrop. With the working front advance, an increase in subsidence is observed, followed by its stabilization to a value determined by the process parameters of mining operations and the physical and mechanical properties of collapsed rocks. In this case, each point of the ground surface experiences sign-alternating horizontal deformations: when the front approaches, it causes tension, and when it moves away, compression. The obtained results of mathematical modelling are in good agreement with the data of instrumental measurements of the ground surface displacements, which indicates the adequate description of the rock mass deformation during the slice excavation of sylvinite seams by longwall faces.
在有利的采矿条件下,特别是在Starobinskoye钾肥矿床(白俄罗斯),采用长壁采矿系统。它们对底土造成很高的人为负荷,包括地面的剧烈变形。本研究旨在研究长壁工作面推进过程中地表位移的动力学特性。采用弹塑性公式进行数学建模,并采用有限元法进行数值实现。顶板垮落的条件是煤层之间接触的打开,当其边界被剪切破裂或在露头处形成拉应力区。随着工作面推进,沉降量逐渐增大,沉降量逐渐稳定到由采矿工艺参数和塌落岩体物理力学性质决定的数值。在这种情况下,地表的每一点都会经历交替的水平变形:当锋面靠近时,它会产生张力,当锋面离开时,它会产生压缩。数学模型计算结果与仪器测量的地表位移数据吻合较好,说明长壁煤层分层开挖过程中岩体变形得到了较好的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of mining rent on the efficiency of using natural potential: the paradox of plenty and its Russian specifics 采矿租金对自然潜力利用效率的影响:充裕悖论及其俄罗斯特点
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.13
A. Lapinskas
The most powerful potential of Russia's natural resources is only partially realized, and determining the reasons for the insufficient efficiency of its use is a current research topic. The exploitation of mineral resources that bring mining rent (primarily oil and gas) gives rise to the so-called “paradox of plenty” (PP), which in some cases manifests itself as a significant slowdown in economic development. The purpose of the article is to clarify the signs, degree and forms of PP manifestation and related problems (“resource curse”, “oil curse”, etc.) in the Russian economy. Since the causes of these phenomena are usually associated with rent extraction and peculiarities of the institutional structure of the economy, the works of leading economists who support the theories of “rent-oriented behavior” and the role of public institutions in the process of the PP emergence were critically analyzed. To determine the signs and degree of PP manifestation and related problems, an analysis of determining the shares of oil and gas in the structure of exports, revenues from their sale in the federal budget, and oil and gas products in the structure of GDP, was made. It is concluded that there are no sufficient grounds for ascertaining clear signs of a “rent-oriented” Russian economy and a “resource curse”; important counteracting factors that refute the unambiguous conclusions about the high degree of PP impact on the Russian economy were identified. The author's interpretation of the role of public institutions, the factors of formation and forms of PP manifestation, the specifics of differential mining rent and its role in the formation of PP are proposed; options for solving problems generated by PP – directions for improving the tax system in the field of oil and gas, etc.; substantiation of the need to develop a strategic state program for diversifying the sectoral structure of the Russian economy; directions for adjusting economic policy in the field of oil and gas industry development, etc.
俄罗斯自然资源最强大的潜力只得到了部分实现,确定其利用效率不足的原因是当前的研究课题。矿产资源的开采带来了采矿租金(主要是石油和天然气),导致了所谓的“充足悖论”(PP),在某些情况下,这表现为经济发展的显著放缓。本文旨在阐明俄罗斯经济中PP表现的迹象、程度和形式以及相关问题(“资源诅咒”、“石油诅咒”等)。由于这些现象的原因通常与租金提取和经济制度结构的特殊性有关,因此对支持“租金导向行为”理论的主要经济学家的著作和公共机构在PP出现过程中的作用进行了批判性分析。为了确定PP表现的迹象和程度以及相关问题,分析了确定石油和天然气在出口结构中的份额,其销售收入在联邦预算中的份额以及石油和天然气产品在GDP结构中的份额。结论是,没有足够的理由确定“租金导向”的俄罗斯经济和“资源诅咒”的明显迹象;确定了重要的抵消因素,反驳了关于PP对俄罗斯经济的高度影响的明确结论。对公共机构的作用、ppp的形成因素和表现形式、差异矿租的具体特征及其在ppp形成中的作用进行了解读;解决PP产生的问题的方案-改善石油和天然气领域税收制度的方向等;确认有必要制定国家战略计划,使俄罗斯经济部门结构多样化;在油气产业发展等领域的经济政策调整方向。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon capture and storage: net zero contribution and cost estimation approaches 碳捕获和封存:净零贡献和成本估算方法
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.10
D. Skobelev, A. Cherepovitsyna, Tatiana Guseva
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are a combination of necessary and promising technologies that can help reduce CO2 emissions, which are not used on a large scale due to the high cost of solutions.  This article aims to review and analyze carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects in terms of their net zero contribution and cost estimates. The study identified a wide range of cost estimation methods that can be applied to CCS projects and revealed such issues as a lack of standardization, limited data, and cost data variability. Still, several common trends were found, including the classification of CCS adopters into low-cost and high-cost industries, cost estimation by CCS step (capture, transportation, storage) and industry (power generation, other sectors), and calculation of relative indices to make comparisons with other decarbonization options. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing approaches to estimating the costs of CCS in Russia, which are necessary for planning government support measures and involving businesses in the implementation of these initiatives.
碳捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)是一种必要的、有前途的技术组合,可以帮助减少二氧化碳的排放,但由于解决方案成本高,这些技术尚未大规模使用。本文旨在回顾和分析碳捕集与封存(CCS)项目的净零贡献和成本估算。该研究确定了可应用于CCS项目的广泛成本估算方法,并揭示了诸如缺乏标准化、数据有限和成本数据可变性等问题。尽管如此,还是发现了一些共同的趋势,包括将CCS采用者分为低成本和高成本行业,按CCS步骤(捕获、运输、储存)和行业(发电、其他部门)估算成本,以及计算与其他脱碳方案进行比较的相关指数。这项研究的结果可以作为制定估算俄罗斯CCS成本方法的基础,这对于规划政府支持措施和让企业参与实施这些举措是必要的。
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引用次数: 4
Comprehensive study of filtration properties of pelletized sandy clay ores and filtration modes in the heap leaching stack 粒状砂质粘土矿石过滤特性及堆浸堆过滤方式的综合研究
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.7
M. Marinin, M. Karasev, Georgiy Pospehov, Anastasia Pomortseva, Veronica Kondakova, V. Sushkova
There are the results of a study of the factors determining the formation and changes in the filtration properties of a heap leaching stack formed from pelletized poor sandy-clay ores. An analysis of methods of investigation of filtration properties of ore material for different stages of heap leaching plots functioning is carried out. Influence of segregation process during stack dumping on formation of zones with very different permeability parameters of ore has been established by experimental and filtration works. The construction and application of a numerical model of filtration processes in pelletized ores based on laboratory experiments is shown. By means of solution percolation simulation at different irrigation intensities the justification of optimal stack parameters is provided in terms of the geomechanical stability and prevention of solution level rise above the drainage layer.
这是一项研究,决定的因素形成和过滤性能的变化,由球团状贫砂-粘土矿石形成的堆浸堆的研究结果。分析了堆浸不同阶段矿料过滤性能的研究方法。通过试验和过滤工作,确定了堆放过程中偏析过程对矿石渗透率参数差异较大带形成的影响。介绍了基于室内实验的球团矿过滤过程数值模型的建立和应用。通过不同灌溉强度下的溶液渗流模拟,从地质力学稳定性和防止渗水层上方溶液水位上升的角度,论证了最优叠加参数的合理性。
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引用次数: 4
Use of machine learning technology to model the distribution of lithotypes in the Permo-Carboniferous oil deposit of the Usinskoye field 利用机器学习技术对Usinskoye油田二叠系-石炭系油藏的岩性分布进行建模
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2022.101
D. Potekhin, S. Galkin
Permo-Carboniferous oil deposit of the Usinskoye field is characterized by an extremely complex type of the void space with intense cross-sectional distribution of cavernous and fractured rock. In this study, for this production site, the process of 3D geological modeling has been implemented. At the first stage, it provided for automated identification of reservoir volumes by comparing the data of core and well logging surveys; at the second stage, identification of rock lithotypes according to Dunham classification is performed on the basis of comparison of thin sections examination and well logging data. A large array of factual information enables the use of machine learning technology on the basis of Levenberg – Marquardt neural network apparatus toward achievement of our research goals. The prediction algorithms of reservoir and rock lithotype identification using well logging methods obtained on the basis of the training samples are applied to the wells without core sampling. The implemented approach enabled complementing the 3D geological model with information about rock permeability and porosity, taking into account the structural features of the identified lithotypes. For the Permo-Carboniferous oil deposit of the Usinskoye field, the volumetric zoning of the distribution of different rock lithotypes has been established. Taking into account the lithotypes identified based on machine learning algorithms, density and openness of fractures were determined, and fracture permeability in the deposit volume was calculated. In general, during the implementation, the machine learning errors remained within 3-5 %, which suggests reliability of the obtained predictive solutions. The results of the research are incorporated in the existing 3D digital geological and process model of the deposit under study.
Usinskoye油田二叠石炭系油藏具有极其复杂的孔隙类型和强烈的洞状裂隙岩石截面分布特征。本研究针对该生产现场,实施了三维地质建模过程。第一阶段,通过对比岩心和测井数据,实现储层体积的自动识别;第二阶段,在薄片检查与测井资料对比的基础上,根据Dunham分类进行岩型识别。大量的事实信息使得在Levenberg - Marquardt神经网络设备的基础上使用机器学习技术来实现我们的研究目标。将利用训练样本得到的测井方法进行储层预测和岩性识别的算法应用于无岩心取样井。考虑到已识别岩性的结构特征,该方法能够将岩石渗透率和孔隙度信息与3D地质模型相补充。针对Usinskoye油田二叠-石炭系油藏,建立了不同岩性分布的体积分带。结合机器学习算法识别的岩性,确定裂缝密度和开度,计算裂缝渗透率。一般来说,在实施过程中,机器学习误差保持在3- 5%,这表明获得的预测解决方案的可靠性。研究结果被纳入研究矿床的现有三维数字地质和过程模型。
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引用次数: 0
Development of composition and study of sorbent properties based on saponite 皂土吸附剂的组成及性能研究
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.1
O. Zubkova, I. Pyagay, Ksenia Pankratieva, M. Toropchina
The development of a comprehensive approach to preventing the pollution of natural objects is necessary due to the high requirements of environmental legislation for the discharge of industrial wastewater. Adsorbents are used in various industries to extract heavy metals from wastewater. In this study the possibility of using saponite clay as a raw material for the production of sorbent for the extraction of copper ions Cu2+ from industrial wastewater is considered, a recipe and technology of sorbent production are developed, and its chemical composition is established. It has been established that the optimum temperature for heat treatment of the sorbent and corresponds to 550 ºC, since at this temperature saponite extrudates acquire strength (strength 34.1 kg/mm2) and textural properties (specific surface area of pellets 22.803 m2/g), allowing them to be used as sorbents. The kinetics of molecular adsorption was studied using model solutions of copper (II) sulfate. The extraction efficiency of copper (II) ions from the model solutions is 93 %. Extraction efficiency of copper (II) ions from copper plating wastewater reaches 94 %. SEM results confirm the presence of metal on the sorbent surface.
由于环境立法对工业废水的排放有很高的要求,因此有必要制定一种防止自然物体污染的综合方法。吸附剂在各行各业中用于从废水中提取重金属。研究了以皂土为原料生产工业废水中铜离子Cu2+吸附剂的可能性,开发了吸附剂生产的配方和工艺,确定了其化学成分。已经确定了吸附剂热处理的最佳温度为550℃,因为在此温度下皂化土挤出物获得强度(强度34.1 kg/mm2)和质地特性(颗粒的比表面积22.803 m2/g),使其可以用作吸附剂。采用硫酸铜模型溶液研究了分子吸附动力学。模型溶液中铜(II)离子的萃取效率为93%。对镀铜废水中铜(II)离子的萃取率达到94%。扫描电镜结果证实吸附剂表面存在金属。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility study of using cogeneration plants at Kuzbass coal mines 库兹巴斯煤矿热电联产厂可行性研究
IF 2 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.31897/pmi.2023.2
F. Nepsha, V. Voronin, Andrey Liven, Anton Korneev
The paper considers the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the process of coal mining during the coal mine methane utilization in power supply systems. An algorithm to form recommendations for the implementation of CMM generation is presented. A simulation model for one of the Kuzbass coal mines was developed in the PowerFactory software application. The simulation model considers the uneven nature of the power consumption of mining equipment. As a result of modeling, daily power consumption profiles and voltage levels in the coal mine power supply system were determined before and after the implementation of the proposed measures. Based on the results, the technical and economic effects was estimated, which consisted in reducing the direct and indirect carbon footprint, electricity and capacity fees. It has been established that the cost of carbon dioxide emission quotas significantly affects the investment attractiveness of cogeneration projects. Based on the results, recommendations are given to stimulate the development of small generation in coal mines.
本文研究了煤矿瓦斯在供电系统中利用过程中减少煤矿开采过程中温室气体排放的问题。提出了一种用于生成CMM的推荐算法。在PowerFactory软件应用中建立了库兹巴斯某煤矿的仿真模型。仿真模型考虑了采矿设备功耗的不均匀性。通过建模,确定了实施上述措施前后煤矿供电系统的日用电量分布和电压水平。在此基础上,对其技术经济效益进行了估算,包括减少直接和间接碳足迹、电费和容量费。研究表明,二氧化碳排放配额成本显著影响热电联产项目的投资吸引力。在此基础上,提出了促进煤矿小发电发展的建议。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Mining Institute
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