We present a proof of concept that sign language elicited data are as reliable as experimentaldata. We use data reported in the recently published reference grammar of ItalianSign Language (Branchini and Mantovan 2020) to create a formal experiment contrastinggrammatical sentences with sentences that minimally violate the rule. On aforced-choice task, participants prefer sentences that follow the rule significantly moreoften than sentences that violate it. The experimental results obtained in this studyproves that elicited data are reliable.
{"title":"On Elicited Data in Sign Language Syntax","authors":"Jessica Lettieri, M. Santoro, Carlo Geraci","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.08","url":null,"abstract":"We present a proof of concept that sign language elicited data are as reliable as experimentaldata. We use data reported in the recently published reference grammar of ItalianSign Language (Branchini and Mantovan 2020) to create a formal experiment contrastinggrammatical sentences with sentences that minimally violate the rule. On aforced-choice task, participants prefer sentences that follow the rule significantly moreoften than sentences that violate it. The experimental results obtained in this studyproves that elicited data are reliable.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the presence of a phonological level is not modality-dependent, modality doeshave an impact on the phonological structure of languages, as illustrated by the significantincorporation of simultaneity into the organization of sign languages compared towhat is found in spoken languages (e.g. Fenlon, Cormier, and Brentari 2017). Modalityalso allows for greater representation of iconicity in sign form(e.g. Östling, Börstell, andCourtaux 2018; Taub 2012). Considering the iconic potential offered by the visuo-spatialmodality of sign languages, this paper aims to answer the following research question:Does semantic motivation, and more precisely iconic motivation, influence the formationof structural components of signs, and specifically, the place of articulation (POA)for the lexical creation of astronomical signs in Quebec Sign Language (LSQ)? We hypothesizedthat, given the semantic domain for which the neologisms were created (i.e.,one that denotes physical/concrete objects, located far from humans), the POA wouldbe distal. Based on a descriptive analysis of the POA sublexical features of 99 neologismsof astronomy in LSQ, we found very little involvements of the POA in the representationof the referent. Although we can explain these results by articulatory-perceptual considerations,we suggest that the semantic domain could also interfere in the creation ofthose neologisms.
{"title":"The relationship between place of articulation and semantic features in a corpus of astronomical neologisms in Quebec Sign Language","authors":"Laurence Gagnon, Anne-Marie Parisot","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.05","url":null,"abstract":"While the presence of a phonological level is not modality-dependent, modality doeshave an impact on the phonological structure of languages, as illustrated by the significantincorporation of simultaneity into the organization of sign languages compared towhat is found in spoken languages (e.g. Fenlon, Cormier, and Brentari 2017). Modalityalso allows for greater representation of iconicity in sign form(e.g. Östling, Börstell, andCourtaux 2018; Taub 2012). Considering the iconic potential offered by the visuo-spatialmodality of sign languages, this paper aims to answer the following research question:Does semantic motivation, and more precisely iconic motivation, influence the formationof structural components of signs, and specifically, the place of articulation (POA)for the lexical creation of astronomical signs in Quebec Sign Language (LSQ)? We hypothesizedthat, given the semantic domain for which the neologisms were created (i.e.,one that denotes physical/concrete objects, located far from humans), the POA wouldbe distal. Based on a descriptive analysis of the POA sublexical features of 99 neologismsof astronomy in LSQ, we found very little involvements of the POA in the representationof the referent. Although we can explain these results by articulatory-perceptual considerations,we suggest that the semantic domain could also interfere in the creation ofthose neologisms.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem that we address is a repeated claim that sign languages do not have experiencerobject (EO) constructions. We survey the history of research that has led tothis perspective and, with hindsight, provide some explanations for why EO verbs wereoverlooked. We present new data that shows that EO constructions do exist in ASL andoccur robustly in a variety of contexts. We illustrate 3 of these contexts here (followingTemme 2018): (1) when co-occurring with inanimate subjects, (2) when they are in embeddedclauses, and (3) when they occur in narratives or dialogues in which they arenot providing new information. We offer a pragmatic rather than a syntactic or semanticexplanation for why EO constructions are often rejected, namely that their functionof describing a caused experiential reaction in the experiencer object makes them poorcandidates to serve as the main focus of a narrative (e.g., not the target elicited punchline)or in an out-of-the-blue isolated sentence.
我们要解决的问题是一个反复出现的说法，即手语没有体验者对象（EO）结构。我们回顾了导致这一观点的研究历史，并事后解释了为什么 EO 动词会被忽视。我们提供的新数据表明，EO 结构确实存在于 ASL 中，而且在各种语境中都很活跃。我们在此对其中的 3 种语境进行了说明（沿用了 Temme 2018 的说法）：(1) 与无生命主语共现时，(2) 嵌入句中时，(3) 叙事或对话中出现而不提供新信息时。我们从语用而非句法或语义的角度解释了为什么EO结构经常被拒绝，即它们描述体验者对象中引起的体验反应的功能使它们不适合作为叙事的主要焦点（例如，而不是目标诱发的点睛之笔），也不适合出现在突然出现的孤立句子中。
{"title":"Experiencer object (EO) Constructions in ASL","authors":"Sandra K. Wood, R. Wilbur","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.18","url":null,"abstract":"The problem that we address is a repeated claim that sign languages do not have experiencerobject (EO) constructions. We survey the history of research that has led tothis perspective and, with hindsight, provide some explanations for why EO verbs wereoverlooked. We present new data that shows that EO constructions do exist in ASL andoccur robustly in a variety of contexts. We illustrate 3 of these contexts here (followingTemme 2018): (1) when co-occurring with inanimate subjects, (2) when they are in embeddedclauses, and (3) when they occur in narratives or dialogues in which they arenot providing new information. We offer a pragmatic rather than a syntactic or semanticexplanation for why EO constructions are often rejected, namely that their functionof describing a caused experiential reaction in the experiencer object makes them poorcandidates to serve as the main focus of a narrative (e.g., not the target elicited punchline)or in an out-of-the-blue isolated sentence.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deafblind individuals experience a combination of partial/complete loss of hearing andsight. They use a variety of communication modes, amongst which social-haptic communication(SHC), which consists of brief tactile messages performed on the body ofthe deafblind person (haptices). A phonological-like structure can be observed in SHCif we consider the smallest units of touch individuated by Lahtinen (2008), called haptemes.Haptemes can create minimal contrasts in haptices. This contribution discusseswhether the recently created Italian haptices also have a phonological structure. Accordingto a preliminary analysis, Italian haptices seem to have their own formof phonology,which responds to physical constraints of signal transmission (such as tactile perceptibility)and to pragmatic contextual factors.
{"title":"A preliminary description of haptices in Italian social-haptic communication","authors":"Laura Volpato","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Deafblind individuals experience a combination of partial/complete loss of hearing andsight. They use a variety of communication modes, amongst which social-haptic communication(SHC), which consists of brief tactile messages performed on the body ofthe deafblind person (haptices). A phonological-like structure can be observed in SHCif we consider the smallest units of touch individuated by Lahtinen (2008), called haptemes.Haptemes can create minimal contrasts in haptices. This contribution discusseswhether the recently created Italian haptices also have a phonological structure. Accordingto a preliminary analysis, Italian haptices seem to have their own formof phonology,which responds to physical constraints of signal transmission (such as tactile perceptibility)and to pragmatic contextual factors.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historically, most research has focused on the ability of sign language interpreters towork from English as a source text into American Sign Language (ASL) as a target text.Little has been done on their ability to work from ASL into spoken English. To addressthat gap, a pilot study was done to examine the English target texts of 22 interpreterswho were asked to simultaneously interpret 4 short ASL monologues. The focus of thispilotwas on the incorporation of the articles, “a/an” and “the” and the coordinating conjunctions,“for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” and “so” in the participants’ English targettexts. The findings indicate that the interpreters did include these even when anequivalent structure was not produced as a manual, lexical item by the native signers intheir ASL stories. Their adaptations served to potentially strengthen the English targettexts by possibly reducing the cognitive load needed to comprehend the utterances byan English-speaking audience, and indicate that decisionswere made by the interpretersto include these structures.
一直以来，大多数研究都集中在手语译员将英语作为源文本翻译成美国手语（ASL）作为目标文本的能力上。为了填补这一空白，我们进行了一项试验性研究，考察 22 名翻译员的英语目标文本，要求他们同时翻译 4 段简短的 ASL 独白。试点研究的重点是将冠词 "a/an "和 "the "以及连词 "for"、"and"、"nor"、"but"、"or"、"yet "和 "so "纳入参与者的英语目标文本。研究结果表明，即使母语手语者没有在他们的 ASL 故事中使用等价结构作为手动词项，口译员们也确实使用了这些结构。他们的改编可能会减轻英语听众理解语篇所需的认知负荷，从而起到加强英语目标语篇的潜在作用，这也表明口译员决定加入这些结构。
{"title":"Interpretation and the explicitation process","authors":"Campbell McDermid, Carrie Humphrey, Anita Harding","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.11","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, most research has focused on the ability of sign language interpreters towork from English as a source text into American Sign Language (ASL) as a target text.Little has been done on their ability to work from ASL into spoken English. To addressthat gap, a pilot study was done to examine the English target texts of 22 interpreterswho were asked to simultaneously interpret 4 short ASL monologues. The focus of thispilotwas on the incorporation of the articles, “a/an” and “the” and the coordinating conjunctions,“for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” and “so” in the participants’ English targettexts. The findings indicate that the interpreters did include these even when anequivalent structure was not produced as a manual, lexical item by the native signers intheir ASL stories. Their adaptations served to potentially strengthen the English targettexts by possibly reducing the cognitive load needed to comprehend the utterances byan English-speaking audience, and indicate that decisionswere made by the interpretersto include these structures.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the syntactic operations taking place in ASL that encode the additionof an agent argument to intransitive motion predicates. Previous studies had showna structural correlation between, on the one hand, handling classifiers and agents incontinuous contact with the undergoer and, on the other hand, body part classifiersand agents in non-continuous contact with the undergoer. Here, a syntactic operationis identified, head movement of π-GO to ν-AG, whose presence yields the continuouscontactinterpretation, while its absence yields the non-continuous contact interpretation.We also find that the body part classifier correlation with non-continuous contactinterpretation constitutes a frequency effect and not a grammar effect: though infrequent,structures with body part classifiers can undergo π-GO to ν-AG, which results, aspredicted, in a continuous interpretation. Thus, this works illustrates the differencesbetween frequency and grammar: grammar provides the range of potential structuresexisting in the language, while frequency reflects either personal or context choice orpreference.
本文研究了 ASL 中的句法运算，这些运算编码了在不及物动词谓语中增加一个状语参数的过程。以前的研究表明，一方面，处理分类器和与被动者不连续接触的代理之间存在结构上的相关性，另一方面，身体部位分类器和与被动者非连续接触的代理之间也存在结构上的相关性。我们还发现，身体部位分类器与非连续接触解释的相关性是一种频率效应，而不是语法效应：尽管并不常见，但带有身体部位分类器的结构也可以经过 π-GO 到 ν-AG，从而产生所预测的连续解释。因此，这个作品说明了频率和语法之间的差异：语法提供了语言中潜在结构的范围，而频率则反映了个人或语境的选择或偏好。
{"title":"Agents","authors":"Elena E. Benedicto","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the syntactic operations taking place in ASL that encode the additionof an agent argument to intransitive motion predicates. Previous studies had showna structural correlation between, on the one hand, handling classifiers and agents incontinuous contact with the undergoer and, on the other hand, body part classifiersand agents in non-continuous contact with the undergoer. Here, a syntactic operationis identified, head movement of π-GO to ν-AG, whose presence yields the continuouscontactinterpretation, while its absence yields the non-continuous contact interpretation.We also find that the body part classifier correlation with non-continuous contactinterpretation constitutes a frequency effect and not a grammar effect: though infrequent,structures with body part classifiers can undergo π-GO to ν-AG, which results, aspredicted, in a continuous interpretation. Thus, this works illustrates the differencesbetween frequency and grammar: grammar provides the range of potential structuresexisting in the language, while frequency reflects either personal or context choice orpreference.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"32 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mouthings in signed languages have traditionally been understood as derived from spokenlanguages, and Japanese Sign Language (JSL) is no exception. However, Bauer andKyuseva (2022) has suggested that it is also a written language-contact phenomenon, astheir Russian Sign Language mouthing study shows that RSL signers mouth shapes thatpeople using spoken Russian would not. This study focuses on Japanese Sign Languageuser’s mouthing patterns when producing a word that has multiple possible mouthings.Spoken Japanese have multiple readings for the same logographic character, kanji, someJapanese-derived (kun-yomi), and some Chinese-derived (on-yomi). Fluent JSL signerswere asked to produce JSL signs for two sets: one for concepts with kun-yomi readingsin spoken language, and for objects ordinarily expressed with two or more kanji with onyomireadings. The findings show that JSL signers overwhelmingly use kun-yomi in theirmouthings, even for words read in on-yomi in spoken Japanese. In sum, this paper corroboratesBauer and Kyuseva’s finding that mouthings are not necessarily a completelyspoken language-contact phenomenon.
{"title":"Intuitions of native Japanese Sign Language signers onmouthing words with multiple pronunciations","authors":"Martin Dale-Hench","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mouthings in signed languages have traditionally been understood as derived from spokenlanguages, and Japanese Sign Language (JSL) is no exception. However, Bauer andKyuseva (2022) has suggested that it is also a written language-contact phenomenon, astheir Russian Sign Language mouthing study shows that RSL signers mouth shapes thatpeople using spoken Russian would not. This study focuses on Japanese Sign Languageuser’s mouthing patterns when producing a word that has multiple possible mouthings.Spoken Japanese have multiple readings for the same logographic character, kanji, someJapanese-derived (kun-yomi), and some Chinese-derived (on-yomi). Fluent JSL signerswere asked to produce JSL signs for two sets: one for concepts with kun-yomi readingsin spoken language, and for objects ordinarily expressed with two or more kanji with onyomireadings. The findings show that JSL signers overwhelmingly use kun-yomi in theirmouthings, even for words read in on-yomi in spoken Japanese. In sum, this paper corroboratesBauer and Kyuseva’s finding that mouthings are not necessarily a completelyspoken language-contact phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"116 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is often assumed that gestures are more iconic than signs, as they do not have to conformto a linguistic system. This study introduces an expanded methodology to explore(a) the relative transparency and iconicity of silent gestures and signs, and (b) the iconicityof three individual parameters (handshape, location and movement). We elicitedmeaning guesses and iconicity ratings (both whole-item and for each parameter) fromsign-naive participants for both gestures and signs. Pilot data provide no evidence fordifferences in transparency and iconicity of gestures and signs, butwe do find interestingexamples of signs rated as more iconic than gestures. The iconicity of all three parametersis correlated with the iconicity of the whole item in both gestures and signs, butthere may be a role for iconic strategies and the saliency of individual parameters. Withthis method, we provide a novel, more fine-grained manner of investigating iconicity inthe manual modality.
{"title":"The contribution of individual parameters to perceived iconicity and transparency in gesture-sign pairs","authors":"Door Spruijt, Pamela Perniss, Petra B. Schumacher","doi":"10.31009/feast.i5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i5.16","url":null,"abstract":"It is often assumed that gestures are more iconic than signs, as they do not have to conformto a linguistic system. This study introduces an expanded methodology to explore(a) the relative transparency and iconicity of silent gestures and signs, and (b) the iconicityof three individual parameters (handshape, location and movement). We elicitedmeaning guesses and iconicity ratings (both whole-item and for each parameter) fromsign-naive participants for both gestures and signs. Pilot data provide no evidence fordifferences in transparency and iconicity of gestures and signs, butwe do find interestingexamples of signs rated as more iconic than gestures. The iconicity of all three parametersis correlated with the iconicity of the whole item in both gestures and signs, butthere may be a role for iconic strategies and the saliency of individual parameters. Withthis method, we provide a novel, more fine-grained manner of investigating iconicity inthe manual modality.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"2012 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are We DONE Yet? A corpus-based analysis of DONE as a sentence-boundary diagnostic in DGS","authors":"Elena Jahn, Gabriele Langer, Cornelia Loos","doi":"10.31009/feast.i4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i4.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123121577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Benedicto, Paula J. Rodriguez-M, Esther Rivera
In this paper we analyze the non-manual marker EyeGaze as a grammatical function marker in motion predicates in American Sign Language (ASL). We detect the use of EyeGaze in endpoint locatives only (as opposed to potential goal locatives) and in the head of the classifier predicate itself. Along the lines of Nichols’ (1986) typology, we identify the former as GF-marking on the constituent (that is, Case) and the latter as GF-marking on the Head (that is, agreement). We also identify the coexistence of these two patterns in the same utterance: Case in the endpoint locative and agreement on the classifier. Therefore, ASL falls under the Double-Marking language type. In this respect, thus, ASL aligns with crosslinguistic patterns documented elsewhere.
{"title":"Where does that [EyeGaze] go?","authors":"Elena Benedicto, Paula J. Rodriguez-M, Esther Rivera","doi":"10.31009/feast.i4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31009/feast.i4.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analyze the non-manual marker EyeGaze as a grammatical function marker in motion predicates in American Sign Language (ASL). We detect the use of EyeGaze in endpoint locatives only (as opposed to potential goal locatives) and in the head of the classifier predicate itself. Along the lines of Nichols’ (1986) typology, we identify the former as GF-marking on the constituent (that is, Case) and the latter as GF-marking on the Head (that is, agreement). We also identify the coexistence of these two patterns in the same utterance: Case in the endpoint locative and agreement on the classifier. Therefore, ASL falls under the Double-Marking language type. In this respect, thus, ASL aligns with crosslinguistic patterns documented elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":164096,"journal":{"name":"FEAST. Formal and Experimental Advances in Sign language Theory","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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