The research on the preparation and performance of new materials used at low-temperature fuels in coastal environments, which has very important academic value. This article explores the failure mechanism of the type of new materials through a flow microreactor in electrosynthetic processes. The results show that the introduction of ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous carbonate (FeCO3), iron oxide (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and alumina (Al2O3) can increase the probability of electrochemical processes to accelerate local corrosion. The damaged passivation film on the surface of the material is not protective over time, and the corrosion cell formed with the substrate accelerates the corrosion process.
{"title":"Electrochemical Micro-Reaction and Failure Mechanism of New Materials Used at Low Temperature in Coastal Environment","authors":"Dongjiu Zhang, Haiwang Wang, Shengju Song, Yuchao Wang, Hua Yang, Yilong Sun, Wen’an Zhong, Sheng Zhong, Honglun Wang, Feixiong Mao, Congqian Cheng","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3471","url":null,"abstract":"The research on the preparation and performance of new materials used at low-temperature fuels in coastal environments, which has very important academic value. This article explores the failure mechanism of the type of new materials through a flow microreactor in electrosynthetic processes. The results show that the introduction of ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous carbonate (FeCO3), iron oxide (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and alumina (Al2O3) can increase the probability of electrochemical processes to accelerate local corrosion. The damaged passivation film on the surface of the material is not protective over time, and the corrosion cell formed with the substrate accelerates the corrosion process.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani, Sultan Ahmad, Mohammad Rashid Hussain, Aso Khaleel Ameen, Aleem Ali, Faisal Shaman, Aziz Alshehri, Muhammad Shahid Dildar, Reyazur Rashid Irshad, Asharul Islam
Motor imagery-based electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signal classification plays a vital role in the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly in providing assistance to individuals with motor disabilities. In this study, we introduce an innovative and optimized hybrid framework designed for the robust classification of MI-EEG signals. Our approach combines the power of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCRNN) with the efficiency of the Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithm. This framework consists of four key phases: data acquisition, pre-processing, feature engineering, and classification. To enhance the signal quality, our work incorporates adaptive filtering and independent component analysis (ICA) during the pre-processing phase. Feature extraction is carried out using a deep autoencoder. For classification, we employ the DCRNN, and further enhance its performance with the ALO algorithm to optimize training and classification processes. The study is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using the PhysioNet dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.32%, a precision of 99.41%, a recall of 99.29%, and an f-measure of 99.32%. These results surpass the performance of existing classification strategies, highlighting the potential of our hybrid framework in MI-EEG signal classification for various BCI applications.
{"title":"Enhanced Nanoelectronic Detection and Classification of Motor Imagery Electroencephalogram Signal Using a Hybrid Framework","authors":"Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani, Sultan Ahmad, Mohammad Rashid Hussain, Aso Khaleel Ameen, Aleem Ali, Faisal Shaman, Aziz Alshehri, Muhammad Shahid Dildar, Reyazur Rashid Irshad, Asharul Islam","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3504","url":null,"abstract":"Motor imagery-based electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signal classification plays a vital role in the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly in providing assistance to individuals with motor disabilities. In this study, we introduce an innovative and optimized hybrid framework designed for the robust classification of MI-EEG signals. Our approach combines the power of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCRNN) with the efficiency of the Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithm. This framework consists of four key phases: data acquisition, pre-processing, feature engineering, and classification. To enhance the signal quality, our work incorporates adaptive filtering and independent component analysis (ICA) during the pre-processing phase. Feature extraction is carried out using a deep autoencoder. For classification, we employ the DCRNN, and further enhance its performance with the ALO algorithm to optimize training and classification processes. The study is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using the PhysioNet dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.32%, a precision of 99.41%, a recall of 99.29%, and an f-measure of 99.32%. These results surpass the performance of existing classification strategies, highlighting the potential of our hybrid framework in MI-EEG signal classification for various BCI applications.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the model construction of computing and storage resource management system framework based on Hadoop and the implementation of trajectory data analysis function under big data. Relying on the cloud platform infrastructure, in order to support the rapid data growth and massive data processing needs, it provides a mixed storage and analysis platform for structured and unstructured data, and uses big data technology to build a highly scalable and distributed data processing framework. The distributed computation, overall frame model of the memory system, and function module have been built with the aim of constructing the system in consideration. Second, by using Hadoop to preprocess the original data and concentrating on the data hierarchical design model and key technology analysis of big data systems, the design model, functional modules, technological solutions, and SGD algorithm are suggested, along with the detailed implementation procedure. Lastly, by merging the data of running vehicles, the system accomplishes the data analysis of vehicle trajectory, empty and load cars, and load and unload people.
{"title":"Construction and Application of Trajectory Data Analysis Model Based on Big Data and Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm","authors":"Jianhua Xie, Zhongming Yang, Wenquan Zeng, Yongjun He, Fagen Gong, Xi Zhao, Xibin Sun, Saad Aldosary","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3492","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the model construction of computing and storage resource management system framework based on Hadoop and the implementation of trajectory data analysis function under big data. Relying on the cloud platform infrastructure, in order to support the rapid data growth and massive data processing needs, it provides a mixed storage and analysis platform for structured and unstructured data, and uses big data technology to build a highly scalable and distributed data processing framework. The distributed computation, overall frame model of the memory system, and function module have been built with the aim of constructing the system in consideration. Second, by using Hadoop to preprocess the original data and concentrating on the data hierarchical design model and key technology analysis of big data systems, the design model, functional modules, technological solutions, and SGD algorithm are suggested, along with the detailed implementation procedure. Lastly, by merging the data of running vehicles, the system accomplishes the data analysis of vehicle trajectory, empty and load cars, and load and unload people.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pixel in a conventional raw image (CR) and the point spread function’s standard deviation of the microscope are approximately equal in size. A high-resolution raw image (HR) lacks research value due to excessive noise. Its pixel size is only half that of CR. BM3D is an excellent denoising algorithm. We propose a super-resolution microscopy method. It denoises HR and uses compressed sensing for super-resolution reconstruction. It was compared with that of HR before denoising, and CR before and after denoising. HR and CR with three different noise levels (low, medium, and high) are studied in simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that BM3D is not only related to the noise type and the noise level, but also to the raw image’s pixel size. In the medium noise level, denoised HR performed the best super-resolution reconstruction, followed by denoised CR. Real experiment results are closer to the simulation results in the medium noise level.
{"title":"Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Denoised High-Resolution Raw Images with BM3D","authors":"T. Cheng, Cong Xu","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3478","url":null,"abstract":"The pixel in a conventional raw image (CR) and the point spread function’s standard deviation of the microscope are approximately equal in size. A high-resolution raw image (HR) lacks research value due to excessive noise. Its pixel size is only half that of CR. BM3D is an excellent denoising algorithm. We propose a super-resolution microscopy method. It denoises HR and uses compressed sensing for super-resolution reconstruction. It was compared with that of HR before denoising, and CR before and after denoising. HR and CR with three different noise levels (low, medium, and high) are studied in simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that BM3D is not only related to the noise type and the noise level, but also to the raw image’s pixel size. In the medium noise level, denoised HR performed the best super-resolution reconstruction, followed by denoised CR. Real experiment results are closer to the simulation results in the medium noise level.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Prakash, A. Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj, Mohamed Hashem, Hassan Fouad, M. Shaheer Akhtar
In this study, we enhance the thermal conductivity of the conventional heat transfer fluid Therm500 by incorporating BaO nanoparticles. BaO:Therm500 nanofluids are synthesized and characterized at various concentrations (ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 g) and temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). The investigation includes the use of FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze the interaction between BaO nanoparticles and Therm500. Our findings indicate that there is no significant particle-fluid interaction. The enhanced thermal conductivity observed in BaO:Therm500 nanofluids is attributed to multiple factors. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the nanofluid decreases, resulting in increased Brownian motion of nanoparticles and convective-like effects, ultimately leading to improved thermal conductivity. Additionally, we report the acoustic properties of BaO-Enhanced Therm500 nanofluids at the same four temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). Density, refractive index, and ultrasonic velocity measurements are performed for six different molar concentrations of BaO nanofluids (0.001 g, 0.002 g, 0.003 g, 0.004 g, 0.005 g, and 0.006 g). Subsequently, various acoustical parameters, such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf ), specific acoustic impedance (Z), Rao’s constant (R), molar compressibility (W), viscous relaxation time (τ), free volume (Vf ), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and internal pressure (πi), are calculated. These acoustical characteristics are utilized to investigate molecular interactions within the nanofluid system. The study reveals a non-linear relationship between ultrasonic velocity and particle concentration, which is attributed to weak particle-fluid interactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the preparation and characterization of BaO-enhanced Therm500 nanofluids and their potential applications in heat transfer systems.
在本研究中，我们通过加入 BaO 纳米粒子提高了传统导热流体 Therm500 的热导率。我们合成了 BaO:Therm500 纳米流体，并在不同浓度（0.001 至 0.006 克）和温度（300 K、303 K、313 K 和 323 K）下对其进行了表征。调查包括使用傅立叶变换红外光谱分析 BaO 纳米粒子和 Therm500 之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，粒子与流体之间没有明显的相互作用。在 BaO:Therm500 纳米流体中观察到的热导率增强可归因于多种因素。随着温度的升高，纳米流体的粘度降低，导致纳米粒子的布朗运动和对流效应增加，最终提高了热导率。此外，我们还报告了 BaO 增强 Therm500 纳米流体在相同四个温度（300 K、303 K、313 K 和 323 K）下的声学特性。对六种不同摩尔浓度的 BaO 纳米流体（0.001 g、0.002 g、0.003 g、0.004 g、0.005 g 和 0.006 g）进行了密度、折射率和超声波速度测量。随后，计算了各种声学参数，如绝热可压缩性 (β)、分子间自由长度 (Lf)、比声阻抗 (Z)、拉奥常数 (R)、摩尔可压缩性 (W)、粘性弛豫时间 (τ)、自由体积 (Vf)、吉布斯自由能 (ΔG) 和内压 (πi)。利用这些声学特性来研究纳米流体系统内的分子相互作用。研究揭示了超声波速度与颗粒浓度之间的非线性关系，这归因于微粒与流体之间的微弱相互作用。这些发现为制备和表征 BaO 增强 Therm500 纳米流体及其在传热系统中的潜在应用提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of BaO-Enhanced Therm500 Nanofluids","authors":"P. Prakash, A. Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj, Mohamed Hashem, Hassan Fouad, M. Shaheer Akhtar","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3493","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we enhance the thermal conductivity of the conventional heat transfer fluid Therm500 by incorporating BaO nanoparticles. BaO:Therm500 nanofluids are synthesized and characterized at various concentrations (ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 g) and temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). The investigation includes the use of FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze the interaction between BaO nanoparticles and Therm500. Our findings indicate that there is no significant particle-fluid interaction. The enhanced thermal conductivity observed in BaO:Therm500 nanofluids is attributed to multiple factors. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the nanofluid decreases, resulting in increased Brownian motion of nanoparticles and convective-like effects, ultimately leading to improved thermal conductivity. Additionally, we report the acoustic properties of BaO-Enhanced Therm500 nanofluids at the same four temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). Density, refractive index, and ultrasonic velocity measurements are performed for six different molar concentrations of BaO nanofluids (0.001 g, 0.002 g, 0.003 g, 0.004 g, 0.005 g, and 0.006 g). Subsequently, various acoustical parameters, such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf ), specific acoustic impedance (Z), Rao’s constant (R), molar compressibility (W), viscous relaxation time (τ), free volume (Vf ), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and internal pressure (πi), are calculated. These acoustical characteristics are utilized to investigate molecular interactions within the nanofluid system. The study reveals a non-linear relationship between ultrasonic velocity and particle concentration, which is attributed to weak particle-fluid interactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the preparation and characterization of BaO-enhanced Therm500 nanofluids and their potential applications in heat transfer systems.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charge transport is one of the key factors in the operation of organic photovoltaic devices. Non-fullerene acceptor materials have recently attracted significant attention in organic photovoltaics due to their great potential to realize high power conversion efficiencies. In this paper, we investigate the effect of diffusion on charge transport in a variety of binary and ternary organic photovoltaic materials, including both polymer: fullerene and polymer:non-fullerene blends. It is shown that the temperature dependent current density-voltage characteristics from the drift-diffusion simulations incorporating the extended Gaussian disorder model (EGDM) are more consistent with experimental data in comparison with those obtained from the only drift model for all these material systems. Furthermore, it is found that the effect of diffusion on charge transport is more pronounced at low voltages and seems to be negligible when the applied voltage exceeds 1 V. The deviation of calculated curves from experimental measurements gradually increases with increasing temperature. It is of great importance to the influence of diffusion effect on charge transport in both polymer:fullerene and polymer:non-fullerene blends.
电荷传输是有机光伏设备运行的关键因素之一。非富勒烯受体材料具有实现高功率转换效率的巨大潜力，因此最近在有机光伏领域引起了极大关注。本文研究了扩散对各种二元和三元有机光伏材料中电荷传输的影响，包括聚合物：富勒烯和聚合物：非富勒烯混合物。结果表明，对于所有这些材料系统，采用扩展高斯无序模型（EGDM）进行漂移-扩散模拟得出的随温度变化的电流密度-电压特性与实验数据相比更加一致。此外，研究还发现，在低电压下，扩散对电荷传输的影响更为明显，当施加电压超过 1 V 时，这种影响似乎可以忽略不计。这对聚合物：富勒烯和聚合物：非富勒烯共混物中扩散效应对电荷传输的影响具有重要意义。
{"title":"Effect of Diffusion on Charge Transport in Organic Photovoltaic Blends","authors":"L. G. Wang, Z. H. Liu, L. Z. Wang, L. Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3479","url":null,"abstract":"Charge transport is one of the key factors in the operation of organic photovoltaic devices. Non-fullerene acceptor materials have recently attracted significant attention in organic photovoltaics due to their great potential to realize high power conversion efficiencies. In this paper, we investigate the effect of diffusion on charge transport in a variety of binary and ternary organic photovoltaic materials, including both polymer: fullerene and polymer:non-fullerene blends. It is shown that the temperature dependent current density-voltage characteristics from the drift-diffusion simulations incorporating the extended Gaussian disorder model (EGDM) are more consistent with experimental data in comparison with those obtained from the only drift model for all these material systems. Furthermore, it is found that the effect of diffusion on charge transport is more pronounced at low voltages and seems to be negligible when the applied voltage exceeds 1 V. The deviation of calculated curves from experimental measurements gradually increases with increasing temperature. It is of great importance to the influence of diffusion effect on charge transport in both polymer:fullerene and polymer:non-fullerene blends.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ze-Sheng Wang, Fu-Qin Yang, Yu-Meng Song, Xiao-Jie Han
To improve the sealing performance and prolong the service life of the internal mixer’s end face mechanical seal, the surface texture technology was introduced to the end face mechanical seal in this paper. Different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures were designed on the rotating sealing ring to study the effects of texture parameters and working parameters on the performance of the textured mechanical seal. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures produce obvious hydrodynamic pressure effects and cause the mechanical seal to produce oil film capacity. Meanwhile, the Rt2 arrangement mechanical seal can obtain the lowest end leakage. What’s more, Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, and Rt4 arrangements show better sealing performance when their texture area ratio Sp = 21%, 39%, 21%, 30%, respectively, so do the four arrangements when their texture depths hp = 2∼4 μm. Appropriately reducing the rotor speed n and increasing lubricant viscosity η is helpful to improve the work performance of the textured mechanical seal. Under unsteady-state conditions, the maximum oil film pressure, leakage, friction coefficient and sealing gap of the textured mechanical seal change periodically with the load. When hp = 3 μm, the Rt2 arrangement has lower leakage and friction coefficient. Further, lower speed and lubricant viscosity are beneficial to reducing the leakage and friction of the textured mechanical seal of the internal mixer.
为了提高内拌和机端面机械密封的密封性能，延长其使用寿命，本文将表面纹理技术引入到端面机械密封中。在旋转密封环上设计了不同排列的等腰直角三角形纹理，研究了纹理参数和工作参数对纹理机械密封性能的影响。结果表明，在稳态条件下，不同排列的等腰直角三角形纹理会产生明显的流体动力压力效应，并使机械密封产生油膜容量。同时，Rt2 排列的机械密封能获得最低的端面泄漏。此外，当纹理面积比 Sp = 21%、39%、21%、30% 时，Rt1、Rt2、Rt3 和 Rt4 布置的密封性能较好，当纹理深度 hp = 2∼4 μm 时，四种布置的密封性能也较好。适当降低转子转速 n 和增加润滑油粘度 η 有助于提高纹理机械密封的工作性能。在非稳态条件下，纹理机械密封的最大油膜压力、泄漏量、摩擦系数和密封间隙随载荷呈周期性变化。当 hp = 3 μm 时，Rt2 布置的泄漏量和摩擦系数较低。 此外，较低的转速和润滑油粘度有利于减少内部混合器纹理机械密封的泄漏和摩擦。
{"title":"Performance of the Internal Mixer’s end Face Mechanical Seal with Isosceles Right Triangle Textures","authors":"Ze-Sheng Wang, Fu-Qin Yang, Yu-Meng Song, Xiao-Jie Han","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3489","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the sealing performance and prolong the service life of the internal mixer’s end face mechanical seal, the surface texture technology was introduced to the end face mechanical seal in this paper. Different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures were designed on the rotating sealing ring to study the effects of texture parameters and working parameters on the performance of the textured mechanical seal. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures produce obvious hydrodynamic pressure effects and cause the mechanical seal to produce oil film capacity. Meanwhile, the Rt2 arrangement mechanical seal can obtain the lowest end leakage. What’s more, Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, and Rt4 arrangements show better sealing performance when their texture area ratio Sp = 21%, 39%, 21%, 30%, respectively, so do the four arrangements when their texture depths hp = 2∼4 μm. Appropriately reducing the rotor speed n and increasing lubricant viscosity η is helpful to improve the work performance of the textured mechanical seal. Under unsteady-state conditions, the maximum oil film pressure, leakage, friction coefficient and sealing gap of the textured mechanical seal change periodically with the load. When hp = 3 μm, the Rt2 arrangement has lower leakage and friction coefficient. Further, lower speed and lubricant viscosity are beneficial to reducing the leakage and friction of the textured mechanical seal of the internal mixer.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combining with on-chip heat management application scenario, firstly, this paper introduces the advantages of resistance-based frequency-domain readout all-digital temperature sensor and its poor ability to resist power supply fluctuation, as well as the existing solutions, the basic principle of digital temperature sensor with anti-power fluctuation suppression is analyzed, and its feasibility is proved by system modeling and theoretical analysis. Secondly, based on the proposed architecture, a new kind of near-digital temperature sensor architecture is proposed, which adopts a ring oscillator dominated by leakage current, thus it can work directly in a wide voltage range from 0.8 V to 1.3 V without the need for a separate regulator. Finally, to further optimize the power consumption, a delay cell structure with lower power consumption and stronger robustness is proposed to further reduce the overall power consumption. The results show that the improved temperature sensor achieves lower power consumption and higher energy efficiency while keeping a small area, and it is advanced compared with other high level temperature sensors.
结合片上热管理应用场景，本文首先介绍了电阻式频域读出全数字温度传感器的优点及其抗电源波动能力差的问题，以及现有的解决方案，分析了具有抗电源波动抑制能力的数字温度传感器的基本原理，并通过系统建模和理论分析证明了其可行性。其次，基于所提出的架构，提出了一种新型的近数字温度传感器架构，该架构采用漏电流占主导地位的环形振荡器，因此可以直接工作在 0.8 V 至 1.3 V 的宽电压范围内，而无需单独的稳压器。最后，为了进一步优化功耗，还提出了一种功耗更低、鲁棒性更强的延迟单元结构，以进一步降低整体功耗。结果表明，改进后的温度传感器在保持较小面积的同时，实现了更低的功耗和更高的能效，与其他高电平温度传感器相比具有先进性。
{"title":"Design of Low Power Temperature Sensor Based on Full Resistance Frequency Domain Readout","authors":"Zengjun Wang, Yu Xian","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3482","url":null,"abstract":"Combining with on-chip heat management application scenario, firstly, this paper introduces the advantages of resistance-based frequency-domain readout all-digital temperature sensor and its poor ability to resist power supply fluctuation, as well as the existing solutions, the basic principle of digital temperature sensor with anti-power fluctuation suppression is analyzed, and its feasibility is proved by system modeling and theoretical analysis. Secondly, based on the proposed architecture, a new kind of near-digital temperature sensor architecture is proposed, which adopts a ring oscillator dominated by leakage current, thus it can work directly in a wide voltage range from 0.8 V to 1.3 V without the need for a separate regulator. Finally, to further optimize the power consumption, a delay cell structure with lower power consumption and stronger robustness is proposed to further reduce the overall power consumption. The results show that the improved temperature sensor achieves lower power consumption and higher energy efficiency while keeping a small area, and it is advanced compared with other high level temperature sensors.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevention of pollution flash in electrical equipment in digitalized substations and transmission lines has always been a crucial part of power operation. In order to prevent pollution flash, it is essential to detect the contamination of electrical equipment. The measurement of leakage current is a fundamental aspect of preventive pollution flash work in electrical equipment. Applying fiber optic current sensors to online monitoring systems in the power system offers advantages such as resistance to harsh environments, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and resistance to chemical corrosion. This study designs a unidirectional half-wave fiber optic current sensor based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) for selectively observing the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current. Due to the light emission and unidirectional conduction characteristics of LED, with a well-designed circuit, LED performs photoelectric conversion on the current, allowing the sensor to selectively measure the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current. Subsequently, a combination circuit of silicon detectors and amplifiers is used to complete the photoelectric conversion, facilitating voltage signal measurement. In experiments, the response of the unidirectional half-wave LED fiber optic current sensor reached 37.8 mV/mA, with a detection bandwidth range between [1.2 kHz, 9.8 kHz]. In leakage current tests, using the leakage current of insulators as a reference, experiments were conducted using the voltage boosting method. As the applied voltage increased, the leakage current displayed on the sampling resistor increased, and the measurement waveform indicated that the sensor could correctly select the unidirectional half-wave. In leakage current and salt density tests, the designed fiber optic sensor accurately reflected the exponential relationship between insulator leakage current and contamination, demonstrating the practical value of the designed fiber optic current sensor.
防止数字化变电站和输电线路中电气设备的污染闪络一直是电力运行的重要组成部分。为了防止污染闪络，必须检测电气设备的污染情况。测量泄漏电流是电气设备污染闪络预防工作的一个基本方面。将光纤电流传感器应用于电力系统的在线监测系统具有耐恶劣环境、抗电磁干扰、抗化学腐蚀等优点。本研究设计了一种基于发光二极管（LED）的单向半波光纤电流传感器，用于选择性地观测泄漏电流的正半周和负半周。由于发光二极管具有发光和单向传导的特性，通过精心设计的电路，发光二极管可对电流进行光电转换，从而使传感器能够选择性地测量泄漏电流的正负半周。随后，硅探测器和放大器组成的组合电路完成光电转换，从而方便电压信号的测量。在实验中，单向半波 LED 光纤电流传感器的响应达到 37.8 mV/mA，检测带宽范围在 [1.2 kHz, 9.8 kHz] 之间。在泄漏电流测试中，以绝缘体的泄漏电流为参考，采用升压法进行了实验。随着施加电压的增加，采样电阻上显示的泄漏电流也随之增加，测量波形表明传感器能正确选择单向半波。在泄漏电流和盐密度测试中，所设计的光纤传感器准确反映了绝缘体泄漏电流与污染之间的指数关系，证明了所设计的光纤电流传感器的实用价值。
{"title":"Design of Light Emitting Diode-Based Fiber Optic Current Sensor and Its Application in Pollution Flash Prevention in Digitalized Substations","authors":"Jingxiang Li, Hao Lai, Haitao Yin, Xiaopeng Xia","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3497","url":null,"abstract":"Prevention of pollution flash in electrical equipment in digitalized substations and transmission lines has always been a crucial part of power operation. In order to prevent pollution flash, it is essential to detect the contamination of electrical equipment. The measurement of leakage current is a fundamental aspect of preventive pollution flash work in electrical equipment. Applying fiber optic current sensors to online monitoring systems in the power system offers advantages such as resistance to harsh environments, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and resistance to chemical corrosion. This study designs a unidirectional half-wave fiber optic current sensor based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) for selectively observing the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current. Due to the light emission and unidirectional conduction characteristics of LED, with a well-designed circuit, LED performs photoelectric conversion on the current, allowing the sensor to selectively measure the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current. Subsequently, a combination circuit of silicon detectors and amplifiers is used to complete the photoelectric conversion, facilitating voltage signal measurement. In experiments, the response of the unidirectional half-wave LED fiber optic current sensor reached 37.8 mV/mA, with a detection bandwidth range between [1.2 kHz, 9.8 kHz]. In leakage current tests, using the leakage current of insulators as a reference, experiments were conducted using the voltage boosting method. As the applied voltage increased, the leakage current displayed on the sampling resistor increased, and the measurement waveform indicated that the sensor could correctly select the unidirectional half-wave. In leakage current and salt density tests, the designed fiber optic sensor accurately reflected the exponential relationship between insulator leakage current and contamination, demonstrating the practical value of the designed fiber optic current sensor.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owing to the distinctive physical and chemical characteristics of high entropy alloys (HEAs), their application in electrocatalysis has become a possibility. However, selecting appropriate means to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of bulk HEAs remains an urgent problem. In this study, we obtained an OER electrocatalyst containing FCC + BCC phase bulk HEAs with high catalytic activity through simple vacuum melting and deep cryogenic treatment. After 36 hours of treatment, the overpotential of Al1.2CrFe2Ni2 HER is 278.8 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER with a small Tafel slope of 53.45 mV dec−1. The catalyst can be continuously electrolyzed in 1 M KOH for over 50 hours. This work confirms the potential of deep cryogenic treatment to improve the performance of bulk HEA catalysts for OER.
由于高熵合金（HEAs）具有独特的物理和化学特性，将其应用于电催化已成为可能。然而，选择适当的方法来提高块状高熵合金的氧进化反应（OER）性能仍然是一个亟待解决的问题。在本研究中，我们通过简单的真空熔化和深冷处理，获得了一种含有催化活性高的 FCC + BCC 相块状 HEA 的 OER 电催化剂。经过 36 小时处理后，Al1.2CrFe2Ni2 HER 在 10 mA cm-2 的过电位为 278.8 mV，OER 的塔菲尔斜率为 53.45 mV dec-1。该催化剂可在 1 M KOH 中连续电解 50 小时以上。这项工作证实了深度低温处理在提高块状 HEA 催化剂的 OER 性能方面的潜力。
{"title":"Enhancing the Water Oxidation Performance of Bulk Al1.2CrFe2Ni2 High Entropy Alloy Through Deep Cryogenic Treatment","authors":"Xue-cai Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3486","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the distinctive physical and chemical characteristics of high entropy alloys (HEAs), their application in electrocatalysis has become a possibility. However, selecting appropriate means to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of bulk HEAs remains an urgent problem. In this study, we obtained an OER electrocatalyst containing FCC + BCC phase bulk HEAs with high catalytic activity through simple vacuum melting and deep cryogenic treatment. After 36 hours of treatment, the overpotential of Al1.2CrFe2Ni2 HER is 278.8 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER with a small Tafel slope of 53.45 mV dec−1. The catalyst can be continuously electrolyzed in 1 M KOH for over 50 hours. This work confirms the potential of deep cryogenic treatment to improve the performance of bulk HEA catalysts for OER.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139346101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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