Aini Ayunni Mohd Raub, J. Ridwan, Jamal Kazmi, Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad Hanif, M. R. Buyong, Mohd Ambri Mohamed, J. Yunas
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method with an additional spray coating. This paper focuses on the effect of rGO coating on charge transfer and interaction between ZnO and rGO that remarkably contributes to the enhancement of the electrical and optical properties of ZnO-based NRs. The synthesized ZnO/rGO nanocomposite was characterized using FESEM, PL spectroscopy and XPS. FESEM analysis results showed that the surface morphology of the synthesized NRs had a hexagonal rod structure covered with rGO layers on the tip of the rod. The Tauc Plot analysis revealed that the rGO layers reduced the bandgap of ZnO NRs from 3.25 eV to 3.17 eV, where the light absorption increased. The chemical composition, electronic state, and interactions between the elements in the ZnO NRs/rGO nanocomposites were investigated using XPS. The presence of oxygen species due to the rGO deposition layers is indicated by the shift of the peak position toward a greater binding energy. The hybridization of this semiconductor and graphene material reduced the bandgap and lowered the PL emission. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NRs/rGO has been studied for methylene blue degradation via oxidation. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate constant of ZnO NRs/rGO > pristine ZnO NRs.
{"title":"Characterization of ZnO/rGO Nanocomposite and Its Application for Photocatalytic Degradation","authors":"Aini Ayunni Mohd Raub, J. Ridwan, Jamal Kazmi, Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad Hanif, M. R. Buyong, Mohd Ambri Mohamed, J. Yunas","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3487","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method with an additional spray coating. This paper focuses on the effect of rGO coating on charge transfer and interaction between ZnO and rGO that remarkably contributes to the enhancement of the electrical and optical properties of ZnO-based NRs. The synthesized ZnO/rGO nanocomposite was characterized using FESEM, PL spectroscopy and XPS. FESEM analysis results showed that the surface morphology of the synthesized NRs had a hexagonal rod structure covered with rGO layers on the tip of the rod. The Tauc Plot analysis revealed that the rGO layers reduced the bandgap of ZnO NRs from 3.25 eV to 3.17 eV, where the light absorption increased. The chemical composition, electronic state, and interactions between the elements in the ZnO NRs/rGO nanocomposites were investigated using XPS. The presence of oxygen species due to the rGO deposition layers is indicated by the shift of the peak position toward a greater binding energy. The hybridization of this semiconductor and graphene material reduced the bandgap and lowered the PL emission. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NRs/rGO has been studied for methylene blue degradation via oxidation. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate constant of ZnO NRs/rGO > pristine ZnO NRs.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenyuan Zhu, Xiaolong Cao, Jiaqi Yuan, Yuchen Du, Tongchang Zhang
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional polarization conversion device, a symmetric “E” type metamaterial resonance cell structure is proposed in the paper for the design of polarization conversion devices. Two kinds of polarization converter models are designed in this paper, and their polarization coefficient, phase and polarization conversion ratio (PCR) are simulated and analyzed. The polarization coefficients at different incident angles and different phase transitions of VO2 are simulated and analyzed. The study indicates that the polarization conversion efficiency of the polarization converter reaches 90% in the 0–2.0 THz frequency band, and the performance can be maintained within the incident angle of 45 degrees, covering the whole X band, realizing the broadband line polarization conversion with extremely high polarization conversion rate. Moreover, the polarization performance is tunable with the phase transition of VO2, and the research results provide new ideas for the realization of ultrawideband tunable polarization conversion devices and the application of metamaterials.
{"title":"Ultrawideband Tunable Polarization Converter Based on Metamaterials","authors":"Zhenyuan Zhu, Xiaolong Cao, Jiaqi Yuan, Yuchen Du, Tongchang Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3481","url":null,"abstract":"In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional polarization conversion device, a symmetric “E” type metamaterial resonance cell structure is proposed in the paper for the design of polarization conversion devices. Two kinds of polarization converter models are designed in this paper, and their polarization coefficient, phase and polarization conversion ratio (PCR) are simulated and analyzed. The polarization coefficients at different incident angles and different phase transitions of VO2 are simulated and analyzed. The study indicates that the polarization conversion efficiency of the polarization converter reaches 90% in the 0–2.0 THz frequency band, and the performance can be maintained within the incident angle of 45 degrees, covering the whole X band, realizing the broadband line polarization conversion with extremely high polarization conversion rate. Moreover, the polarization performance is tunable with the phase transition of VO2, and the research results provide new ideas for the realization of ultrawideband tunable polarization conversion devices and the application of metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A graphene-based terahertz electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterial sensor is proposed and studied. The sensor is made up of two bright modes: a graphene strip resonator and a 7-shape resonator. In a terahertz metamaterial sensor based on EIT, the metamaterial structure is designed to have two resonant modes that are coupled through a common resonator. When terahertz radiation hits the metamaterial, the two resonant modes interact, creating a window of transparency in the transmission spectrum. It illuminated that the physical mechanism of the EIT effect lay in the recombination effect of the conductive resonators. By changing the carrier relaxation lifetime or the Fermi energy of the graphene, the amplitude or the location of the EIT window could be actively tuned. The terahertz metamaterial sensors based on EIT have the potential to provide highly accurate and sensitive measurements in a wide range of fields and could lead to important advances in medical diagnostics.
本文提出并研究了一种基于石墨烯的太赫兹电磁诱导透明（EIT）超材料传感器。该传感器由石墨烯条状谐振器和 7 形谐振器两种明亮模式组成。在基于 EIT 的太赫兹超材料传感器中，超材料结构被设计为具有两个共振模，这两个共振模通过一个公共谐振器耦合。当太赫兹辐射照射到超材料上时，两个谐振模式相互作用，在透射光谱中形成一个透明窗口。它揭示了 EIT 效应的物理机制在于导电谐振器的重组效应。通过改变石墨烯的载流子弛豫寿命或费米能，可以主动调整 EIT 窗口的振幅或位置。基于 EIT 的太赫兹超材料传感器有望在广泛的领域提供高精度、高灵敏度的测量，并能在医疗诊断领域取得重要进展。
{"title":"Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Electromagnetic Induced Transparency","authors":"Xiaoting Wan, Jin Lu, Meifen Chen, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3500","url":null,"abstract":"A graphene-based terahertz electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterial sensor is proposed and studied. The sensor is made up of two bright modes: a graphene strip resonator and a 7-shape resonator. In a terahertz metamaterial sensor based on EIT, the metamaterial structure is designed to have two resonant modes that are coupled through a common resonator. When terahertz radiation hits the metamaterial, the two resonant modes interact, creating a window of transparency in the transmission spectrum. It illuminated that the physical mechanism of the EIT effect lay in the recombination effect of the conductive resonators. By changing the carrier relaxation lifetime or the Fermi energy of the graphene, the amplitude or the location of the EIT window could be actively tuned. The terahertz metamaterial sensors based on EIT have the potential to provide highly accurate and sensitive measurements in a wide range of fields and could lead to important advances in medical diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on voltage boosting technology, a simple new quadratic buck-boost topology is proposed. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain and uninterrupted input current, reducing the filtering requirements of the input port. The performance of the converter in uninterrupted conduction mode are introduced in detail, and the new quadratic buck-boost topology is compared with other buck-boost topologies with regard to voltage gain, number of topological elements, voltage stress and current continuity of switching devices, and the comparison showed its excellent characteristics. Finally, the experimental prototype of the new converter is developed by PSIM. The experimental data is tested under different conditions, and the record experimental data of PSIM to verify the excellent of the new topology.
{"title":"Novel High-Gain Quadratic Buck-Boost Converter","authors":"Gao-Zhong Zhu","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3480","url":null,"abstract":"Based on voltage boosting technology, a simple new quadratic buck-boost topology is proposed. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain and uninterrupted input current, reducing the filtering requirements of the input port. The performance of the converter in uninterrupted conduction mode are introduced in detail, and the new quadratic buck-boost topology is compared with other buck-boost topologies with regard to voltage gain, number of topological elements, voltage stress and current continuity of switching devices, and the comparison showed its excellent characteristics. Finally, the experimental prototype of the new converter is developed by PSIM. The experimental data is tested under different conditions, and the record experimental data of PSIM to verify the excellent of the new topology.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Suganthi, S. Kayalvizhi, K. Ferents Koni Jiavana, S. Malarvizhi
This study presents the design of reconfigurable CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) topologies to achieve acceptable linearity, gain, and low noise for Nano-sensor applications. The frequency bands at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 28 GHz are taken into consideration for employing the Pre-distortion and current reuse technique. Millimeter Wave (MMW) frequency bands include excellent impedance matching, good isolation between the ports, To improve the futuristic applications of RADAR sensors, low noise figures and significant gain are preferred. The designed re-configurable structure achieved At 2.4 GHz, the gain is modest with a low NF of 2.6 dB, less than 2 dB at 5 GHz, and more than 10 dB at 28 GHz frequencies. The Stability of the amplifier greater than 1 dB, The arrangement of the layout with a chip measuring 0.5×0.2 mm2 and a moderate power increase make it appropriate for nanosensor creation.
{"title":"Current Re-Use Architecture and Pre-Distortion Technique Employing Re-Configurable Low Noise Amplifier for the Design of Nano-Electronic Sensors","authors":"K. Suganthi, S. Kayalvizhi, K. Ferents Koni Jiavana, S. Malarvizhi","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3491","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the design of reconfigurable CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) topologies to achieve acceptable linearity, gain, and low noise for Nano-sensor applications. The frequency bands at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 28 GHz are taken into consideration for employing the Pre-distortion and current reuse technique. Millimeter Wave (MMW) frequency bands include excellent impedance matching, good isolation between the ports, To improve the futuristic applications of RADAR sensors, low noise figures and significant gain are preferred. The designed re-configurable structure achieved At 2.4 GHz, the gain is modest with a low NF of 2.6 dB, less than 2 dB at 5 GHz, and more than 10 dB at 28 GHz frequencies. The Stability of the amplifier greater than 1 dB, The arrangement of the layout with a chip measuring 0.5×0.2 mm2 and a moderate power increase make it appropriate for nanosensor creation.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wafa F. Alfwzan, Ghadah A. Alomani, Laila A. Alessa, Mahmoud M. Selim
Convex plate heat exchangers have drawn much interest across various industries thanks to their improved heat transfer efficiency and compact design. Research examines the characteristics of convex plate heat exchangers in this study through a combined experimental and numerical method. A mixture that contains water and copper nanoparticles is known as a copper-water nanofluid. A multi-objective optimization technique is used in this study to give an experimental and numerical evaluation of the nanofluid heat transfer and flow properties of a convex plate heat exchanger. Numerical execution is performed using the ANSYS software, and the materials for the convex plate are copper and water. This study aims to improve the nanofluid flow performance and the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer of the heat exchanger by optimizing its design parameters. The heat exchanger’s temperature distributions and pressure drops are measured using an experimental setup, and numerical execution is used to forecast the heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses. The ideal design parameters that concurrently maximize heat transmission and minimize pressure drop are discovered using a multi-objective optimization technique. The findings of this study enable the creation of more effective and affordable heat exchanger layouts for various industrial applications by offering useful insights into the transfer of heat and flow behavior of the convex plate heat exchanger.
{"title":"Nanofluid Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics in a Convex Plate Heat Exchanger Based on Multi-Objective Optimization","authors":"Wafa F. Alfwzan, Ghadah A. Alomani, Laila A. Alessa, Mahmoud M. Selim","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3505","url":null,"abstract":"Convex plate heat exchangers have drawn much interest across various industries thanks to their improved heat transfer efficiency and compact design. Research examines the characteristics of convex plate heat exchangers in this study through a combined experimental and numerical method. A mixture that contains water and copper nanoparticles is known as a copper-water nanofluid. A multi-objective optimization technique is used in this study to give an experimental and numerical evaluation of the nanofluid heat transfer and flow properties of a convex plate heat exchanger. Numerical execution is performed using the ANSYS software, and the materials for the convex plate are copper and water. This study aims to improve the nanofluid flow performance and the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer of the heat exchanger by optimizing its design parameters. The heat exchanger’s temperature distributions and pressure drops are measured using an experimental setup, and numerical execution is used to forecast the heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses. The ideal design parameters that concurrently maximize heat transmission and minimize pressure drop are discovered using a multi-objective optimization technique. The findings of this study enable the creation of more effective and affordable heat exchanger layouts for various industrial applications by offering useful insights into the transfer of heat and flow behavior of the convex plate heat exchanger.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of microelectronic manufacturing technology, semiconductor manufacturing presents the trend of maximization of scale and miniaturization of process size. Even if the wafer production now has a high automation of the production process, high-precision production equipment and advanced production technology, wafer abnormal situation is still inevitable. Abnormal conditions in semiconductor manufacturing process will reduce the yield of wafer products and increase production costs. The later analysis becomes the necessary means to improve the wafer yield. With the rapid development of modern computing power, the application of machine learning-based automatic detection method in semiconductor production is irresistible. In addition to its spatial pattern, there are many noises that can affect the classification of defects, so it is necessary to preprocess the wafer diagram. The traditional density based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm needs to determine two clustering parameters artificially, and the choice of parameters can affect the clustering effect easily, the parameter list was obtained by K-mean nearest neighbor algorithm and mathematical expectation method, and the integrated parameters of intra-cluster density and inter-cluster density after DBSCAN clustering were selected as evaluation indexes to select the optimal parameters. Finally, a self-adaptive (SA)-DBSCAN map is obtained by retaining the largest cluster, adding feature points and feature clusters, thus improving the yield of wafer.
{"title":"Wafer Image Preprocessing Based on Density Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise","authors":"Zhang Wei, Shu-rui Hao","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3506","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of microelectronic manufacturing technology, semiconductor manufacturing presents the trend of maximization of scale and miniaturization of process size. Even if the wafer production now has a high automation of the production process, high-precision production equipment and advanced production technology, wafer abnormal situation is still inevitable. Abnormal conditions in semiconductor manufacturing process will reduce the yield of wafer products and increase production costs. The later analysis becomes the necessary means to improve the wafer yield. With the rapid development of modern computing power, the application of machine learning-based automatic detection method in semiconductor production is irresistible. In addition to its spatial pattern, there are many noises that can affect the classification of defects, so it is necessary to preprocess the wafer diagram. The traditional density based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm needs to determine two clustering parameters artificially, and the choice of parameters can affect the clustering effect easily, the parameter list was obtained by K-mean nearest neighbor algorithm and mathematical expectation method, and the integrated parameters of intra-cluster density and inter-cluster density after DBSCAN clustering were selected as evaluation indexes to select the optimal parameters. Finally, a self-adaptive (SA)-DBSCAN map is obtained by retaining the largest cluster, adding feature points and feature clusters, thus improving the yield of wafer.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The laser rangefinder is a device that combines various technologies such as optoelectronics, electronics, microcontroller control technology, signal control, processing technology, and precision mechanical technology. This device has wide application value in aerospace, automatic control, industry, military, geodesy, and construction surveying, among other fields. The pulse laser rangefinder designed uses the SPLLL90_3 laser emitting diode for the laser emission circuit and employs the AD500_9 laser receiving diode for the laser reception circuit. The design of the laser emission circuit includes laser diode selection, emission, sample signal’s modulation circuit design, pulse signal generation, and driving circuit. The design of the laser reception circuit includes laser receiving diode selection, laser reception pulse signal’s acquisition circuit, reception signal adjustment circuit, and microcontroller peripheral circuit. After completing the hardware design of the pulse laser rangefinder, performance testing is conducted. The laser emission waveform and reception waveform are tested under an oscilloscope. The results show that the emission pulse generation and reception pulse acquisition circuits work normally. Range tests show that the rangefinder has a high degree of fit between theoretical and actual measurement distances within a certain time interval, meeting the design expectations. The designed optoelectronic rangefinder is adopted to evaluate the rationality of the design of building wall freeform surfaces through measurement. The results suggest that the designed optoelectronic rangefinder achieves higher detection efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional evaluation methods.
{"title":"Pulsed Optoelectronic Rangefinder and Its Measurement Applications in Architectural Design Rationality Assessment","authors":"Zhifang Cao","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3498","url":null,"abstract":"The laser rangefinder is a device that combines various technologies such as optoelectronics, electronics, microcontroller control technology, signal control, processing technology, and precision mechanical technology. This device has wide application value in aerospace, automatic control, industry, military, geodesy, and construction surveying, among other fields. The pulse laser rangefinder designed uses the SPLLL90_3 laser emitting diode for the laser emission circuit and employs the AD500_9 laser receiving diode for the laser reception circuit. The design of the laser emission circuit includes laser diode selection, emission, sample signal’s modulation circuit design, pulse signal generation, and driving circuit. The design of the laser reception circuit includes laser receiving diode selection, laser reception pulse signal’s acquisition circuit, reception signal adjustment circuit, and microcontroller peripheral circuit. After completing the hardware design of the pulse laser rangefinder, performance testing is conducted. The laser emission waveform and reception waveform are tested under an oscilloscope. The results show that the emission pulse generation and reception pulse acquisition circuits work normally. Range tests show that the rangefinder has a high degree of fit between theoretical and actual measurement distances within a certain time interval, meeting the design expectations. The designed optoelectronic rangefinder is adopted to evaluate the rationality of the design of building wall freeform surfaces through measurement. The results suggest that the designed optoelectronic rangefinder achieves higher detection efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional evaluation methods.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a vital component of the automobile headlamp, its design is not only related to power loss but also affects the appearance of the automobile. Most importantly, its design directly affects the night lighting effect and driving safety. Compared with the traditional headlamp light source, light-emitting diode (LED) light source has the advantages of long lifespan, small size, fast response, flexible design, flexible control, and so on. Based on this, this study designs high-power white LED automobile headlamps, adopts the commonly used reflector design technology, and puts forward the design scheme of the lighting group system. This scheme relies on a reflector for light distribution, without needing a baffle or lens with light distribution patterns. The optical design software TracePro and the three-dimensional design software PROE are used to simulate and design the reflectors of low and high beams, respectively. The simulation results of the reflector of the low beam show that more than 490000 rays of light reach the filament shield, with a light utilization rate of over 95%. The horizontal cut-off line and 15° light and dark cut-off lines are clearly visible, and the front window material is closed. Considering this factor, the illumination distribution of the low beam meets relevant national regulations. The high beam reflector simulation results reveal that over 960000 light rays reach the filament shield, with a more than 95% light utilization rate. The light spot is symmetrical. If the front window material is polycarbonate and not coated, the absorption and scattering of light are ignored, and the transmittance of the beam through the two optical surfaces achieves 90%.
{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of Automobile Headlamp Based on Light-Emitting Diode","authors":"Sanshan Xie","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3499","url":null,"abstract":"As a vital component of the automobile headlamp, its design is not only related to power loss but also affects the appearance of the automobile. Most importantly, its design directly affects the night lighting effect and driving safety. Compared with the traditional headlamp light source, light-emitting diode (LED) light source has the advantages of long lifespan, small size, fast response, flexible design, flexible control, and so on. Based on this, this study designs high-power white LED automobile headlamps, adopts the commonly used reflector design technology, and puts forward the design scheme of the lighting group system. This scheme relies on a reflector for light distribution, without needing a baffle or lens with light distribution patterns. The optical design software TracePro and the three-dimensional design software PROE are used to simulate and design the reflectors of low and high beams, respectively. The simulation results of the reflector of the low beam show that more than 490000 rays of light reach the filament shield, with a light utilization rate of over 95%. The horizontal cut-off line and 15° light and dark cut-off lines are clearly visible, and the front window material is closed. Considering this factor, the illumination distribution of the low beam meets relevant national regulations. The high beam reflector simulation results reveal that over 960000 light rays reach the filament shield, with a more than 95% light utilization rate. The light spot is symmetrical. If the front window material is polycarbonate and not coated, the absorption and scattering of light are ignored, and the transmittance of the beam through the two optical surfaces achieves 90%.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current cross-modal synthesis techniques for medical imaging have limits in their ability to accurately capture the structural information of human tissue, leading to problems such edge information loss and poor signal-to-noise ratio in the generated images. In order to synthesize PET pictures from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images, a novel approach for cross-modal synthesis of medical images is thus suggested. The foundation of this approach is an enhanced Edge-aware Generative Adversarial Network (Ea-GAN), which integrates an edge detector into the GAN framework to better capture local texture and edge information in the pictures. The Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is added in the generator portion of the GAN to prioritize important characteristics in the pictures. In order to improve the Ea-GAN discriminator, its receptive field is shrunk to concentrate more on the tiny features of brain tissue in the pictures, boosting the generator’s performance. The edge loss between actual PET pictures and synthetic PET images is also included into the algorithm’s loss function, further enhancing the generator’s performance. The suggested PET image synthesis algorithm, which is based on the enhanced Ea-GAN, outperforms different current approaches in terms of both quantitative and qualitative assessments, according to experimental findings. The architecture of the brain tissue are effectively preserved in the synthetic PET pictures, which also aesthetically nearly resemble genuine images.
目前用于医学成像的跨模态合成技术在准确捕捉人体组织结构信息方面存在局限性，导致生成的图像存在边缘信息丢失和信噪比差等问题。为了从磁共振（MR）图像合成 PET 图像，我们提出了一种新的医学图像跨模态合成方法。这种方法的基础是增强型边缘感知生成对抗网络（Ea-GAN），它将边缘检测器集成到 GAN 框架中，以更好地捕捉图片中的局部纹理和边缘信息。卷积块注意模块（CBAM）被添加到 GAN 的生成器部分，以优先处理图片中的重要特征。为了改进 Ea-GAN 识别器，缩小了它的感受野，使其更集中于图片中脑组织的微小特征，从而提高了生成器的性能。算法的损失函数还包括实际 PET 图像与合成 PET 图像之间的边缘损失，进一步提高了生成器的性能。实验结果表明，基于增强型 Ea-GAN 的 PET 图像合成算法在定量和定性评估方面均优于现有的各种方法。合成的 PET 图像有效地保留了脑组织的结构，在美学上也几乎与真实图像相似。
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