We conducted integrated thermodynamic analyses for the two-step method of CsPbBr3 growth. Deriving from Gibbs free energy and heterogeneous nucleation theory, a thermodynamic reaction model equation was proposed and verified, from which we could find that the grainsizes of the CsPbBr3 can be precisely controlled by the CsBr concentration. The impact of temperature of the solvent was also studied. Finally, a best cell was fabricated showing a power conversion efficiency of 4.75%, with open circuit voltage of 1.13 V, short circuit current of 6.68 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 63%. Our results will help other researchers to determine the appropriate condition of the growth of CsPbBr3 by the two-step method.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Analyses of the Two-Step Method of CsPbBr3 Crystal Growth for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Xihong Ding, Demeng Qian, Haibin Chen, Zhibin Wang, Kaijie Fang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3424","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted integrated thermodynamic analyses for the two-step method of CsPbBr3 growth. Deriving from Gibbs free energy and heterogeneous nucleation theory, a thermodynamic reaction model equation was proposed and verified, from which we could find that the grainsizes of\u0000 the CsPbBr3 can be precisely controlled by the CsBr concentration. The impact of temperature of the solvent was also studied. Finally, a best cell was fabricated showing a power conversion efficiency of 4.75%, with open circuit voltage of 1.13 V, short circuit current of 6.68 mA/cm2\u0000 and fill factor of 63%. Our results will help other researchers to determine the appropriate condition of the growth of CsPbBr3 by the two-step method.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses a triple-cascode operational transconductance amplifier (TCOTA) circuit’s design and modeling. These proposed TCOTAs are constructed using 45 nm Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs). At the 45 nm technology node, three distinct varieties of CNT-based TCOTAs have been designed and contrasted with conventional CMOS-based TCOTAs. The performance of the CNT-based TCOTAs, particularly a pure CNT-TCOTA, has significantly improved, according to the assessment of the fundamental aspects of all the devices. The DC gain has been enhanced by 73% when contrasting the pure CNT-TCOTA to the conventional CMOS-TCOTA, the CMRR has improved by 28%, and the power consumption has been reduced by 100.63%. Furthermore, in pure CNT-TCOTA, (FOM)1 and (FOM)2 have increased by 194% and 173%, respectively. It has also been investigated thoroughly how CNT-based OTAs perform by adjusting the CNT diameter (DCNT), pitch (S), and number of CNTs (N) at CL = 0.01 pF and 0.9 V power supply. It has been determined that using optimum CNT quantity, the pitch between CNTs, and diameter values can further enhance their performance. The simulation and comparative studies of all circuit structures have reported that novel and remarkable improvement is distinguished in CNT-based TCOTA. According to simulation and comparative assessments of all circuit structures, CNT-based TCOTA exhibits a novel and noteworthy improvement. Moreover, when compared to the conventional CMOS-TCOTA, the pure CNT-TCOTA has shown significant enhancement of 11.1% and 10.24% in GM and PM, respectively. Pure CNT-TCOTA has been demonstrated to be highly stable by the stability analysis.
{"title":"A Novel Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors Based Triple Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier: An Optimum Design","authors":"Faraz Hashmi, M. Nizamuddin, Wakeel Ahmad","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3432","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a triple-cascode operational transconductance amplifier (TCOTA) circuit’s design and modeling. These proposed TCOTAs are constructed using 45 nm Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) and Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs).\u0000 At the 45 nm technology node, three distinct varieties of CNT-based TCOTAs have been designed and contrasted with conventional CMOS-based TCOTAs. The performance of the CNT-based TCOTAs, particularly a pure CNT-TCOTA, has significantly improved, according to the assessment of the fundamental\u0000 aspects of all the devices. The DC gain has been enhanced by 73% when contrasting the pure CNT-TCOTA to the conventional CMOS-TCOTA, the CMRR has improved by 28%, and the power consumption has been reduced by 100.63%. Furthermore, in pure CNT-TCOTA, (FOM)1 and (FOM)2\u0000 have increased by 194% and 173%, respectively. It has also been investigated thoroughly how CNT-based OTAs perform by adjusting the CNT diameter (DCNT), pitch (S), and number of CNTs (N) at CL = 0.01 pF and 0.9 V power supply. It has been determined that using optimum\u0000 CNT quantity, the pitch between CNTs, and diameter values can further enhance their performance. The simulation and comparative studies of all circuit structures have reported that novel and remarkable improvement is distinguished in CNT-based TCOTA. According to simulation and comparative\u0000 assessments of all circuit structures, CNT-based TCOTA exhibits a novel and noteworthy improvement. Moreover, when compared to the conventional CMOS-TCOTA, the pure CNT-TCOTA has shown significant enhancement of 11.1% and 10.24% in GM and PM, respectively. Pure CNT-TCOTA has been demonstrated\u0000 to be highly stable by the stability analysis.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coming of the 5G era in the Internet of Things (IoT) opens progress in cross-sectoral research in multiple disciplines. All physiological indicators of the human body are collected through sensors to provide new ideas for developing innovative sports, wearable devices, and modern intelligent venues for IoT. Conventional sensors require an external power source and have a limited lifespan and maintenance cost. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), a new self-powered sensing technology that collects mechanical energy from bodily motions, can break through these limitations and be used in intelligent sports applications. Firstly, TENG can capture kinematic, biochemical, electrophysiological, and tissue dynamics information from the human body. Secondly, the low-frequency mechanical energy of the human body is not only physiological information but can also be used to power microelectronic devices to transmit big data in sports. In conclusion, we discuss TENG-based wearable sensing systems’ challenges and future opportunities.
{"title":"Research Progress in Intelligent Exercise Monitoring Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator","authors":"Jing Gao, Meiru Jiang, Ning Ba, Yupeng Mao","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3425","url":null,"abstract":"The coming of the 5G era in the Internet of Things (IoT) opens progress in cross-sectoral research in multiple disciplines. All physiological indicators of the human body are collected through sensors to provide new ideas for developing innovative sports, wearable devices, and modern\u0000 intelligent venues for IoT. Conventional sensors require an external power source and have a limited lifespan and maintenance cost. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), a new self-powered sensing technology that collects mechanical energy from bodily motions, can break through these limitations\u0000 and be used in intelligent sports applications. Firstly, TENG can capture kinematic, biochemical, electrophysiological, and tissue dynamics information from the human body. Secondly, the low-frequency mechanical energy of the human body is not only physiological information but can also be\u0000 used to power microelectronic devices to transmit big data in sports. In conclusion, we discuss TENG-based wearable sensing systems’ challenges and future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an optical network-on-chip, optical waveguides play a crucial role in transmitting optical signals. Therefore, it is essential for optical waveguides to have a compact size and low insertion loss. This paper proposes a new type of optical waveguide with a vacuum gap based on surface plasmon polaritons. By utilizing surface plasmon polariton technology, the proposed waveguide reduces scattering attenuation caused by hybrid surface plasmon polaritons, saves space in the network-on-chip, and enables the integration of more devices on the chip while maintaining an ultracompact size requirement. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations and comparisons are performed between a conventional Si waveguide and two types of surface plasmon polariton waveguides. The results demonstrate that the designed waveguide exhibits excellent confinement capabilities even when the waveguide width is only 100 nm, with an insertion loss of 0.32 dB/μm. The relevant waveguide parameters are studied and optimized, providing a theoretical basis for the development of ultracompact gap surface plasmon polariton waveguides.
{"title":"Ultracompact Waveguide for an Optical Network-on-Chip with a Vacuum Gap Based on Surface Plasmon Polaritons","authors":"Zhi-Xun Liang, Yun-Ying Shi, Qi-Ming Wu, Yun-Fei Yi, Peng Tang","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3421","url":null,"abstract":"In an optical network-on-chip, optical waveguides play a crucial role in transmitting optical signals. Therefore, it is essential for optical waveguides to have a compact size and low insertion loss. This paper proposes a new type of optical waveguide with a vacuum gap based on surface\u0000 plasmon polaritons. By utilizing surface plasmon polariton technology, the proposed waveguide reduces scattering attenuation caused by hybrid surface plasmon polaritons, saves space in the network-on-chip, and enables the integration of more devices on the chip while maintaining an ultracompact\u0000 size requirement. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations and comparisons are performed between a conventional Si waveguide and two types of surface plasmon polariton waveguides. The results demonstrate that the designed waveguide exhibits excellent confinement capabilities even when\u0000 the waveguide width is only 100 nm, with an insertion loss of 0.32 dB/μm. The relevant waveguide parameters are studied and optimized, providing a theoretical basis for the development of ultracompact gap surface plasmon polariton waveguides.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidi M. Ahmed Ghaly, M. O. Khan, M. Shalaby, Khaled A. Al-Snaie, M. A. Ali, B. Faisal, Abdulmajeed Imad, M. Oraiqat
Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a commonly used technique to investigate the interior of a pipe by evaluating the coupling capacitances of a multi-electrode assembly. In this article, to improve the performance of the ECT sensor, sesitivity matrix, and hence the image quality, a typical customized 16-to-8 electrode ECT sensor is proposed, designed, simulated, and implemented in parallel with a standard 16-electrode ECT sensor. The results of both types of sensors are noted and compared to each other. It is evident from the results obtained during this experiment that the performance of the customized 16-8 electrode ECT sensor is comparatively better and exhibits better quality in its image reconstruction. The percentage of accuracy for the image quality could also be appreciated as compared with the standard 16-electrode ECT sensor. Further, a test was conducted for both the sensors under similar specifications and conditions to measure the flow of water, and it was found from the images that, for the same flow speed, image clarity is better for the customized 16-8 electrode ECT sensor in comparison with the standard 16-electrode ECT sensor. These findings may be useful for real time applications in the process industry.
{"title":"Electrical Capacitance Tomography-Based Flow Measurement in a Closed Container Using 16-Electrode Sensor in Contrast with 8-Pair-16-Electrodes Topology","authors":"Sidi M. Ahmed Ghaly, M. O. Khan, M. Shalaby, Khaled A. Al-Snaie, M. A. Ali, B. Faisal, Abdulmajeed Imad, M. Oraiqat","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3427","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a commonly used technique to investigate the interior of a pipe by evaluating the coupling capacitances of a multi-electrode assembly. In this article, to improve the performance of the ECT sensor, sesitivity matrix, and hence the image quality,\u0000 a typical customized 16-to-8 electrode ECT sensor is proposed, designed, simulated, and implemented in parallel with a standard 16-electrode ECT sensor. The results of both types of sensors are noted and compared to each other. It is evident from the results obtained during this experiment\u0000 that the performance of the customized 16-8 electrode ECT sensor is comparatively better and exhibits better quality in its image reconstruction. The percentage of accuracy for the image quality could also be appreciated as compared with the standard 16-electrode ECT sensor. Further, a test\u0000 was conducted for both the sensors under similar specifications and conditions to measure the flow of water, and it was found from the images that, for the same flow speed, image clarity is better for the customized 16-8 electrode ECT sensor in comparison with the standard 16-electrode ECT\u0000 sensor. These findings may be useful for real time applications in the process industry.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43877334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the primary challenges of artificial intelligence in modern computing is providing privacy and security against adversarial opponents. This survey study covers the most representative poisoning attacks against supervised ML models. The major purpose of this survey is to highlight the most essential facts on security vulnerabilities in context of ML classifiers. Data poisoning attacks entail tampering with data samples provided to method during training stage, which may lead to a drop in the correctness and accuracy during inference stage. This research gathers most significant insights as well as discoveries from most recent existing literature on this topic. Furthermore, this work discusses several defence strategies that promise to provide feasible detection as well as mitigation procedures, as well as extra robustness against malicious attacks.
{"title":"Analysis on Data Poisoning Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Emad Alsuwat","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3436","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary challenges of artificial intelligence in modern computing is providing privacy and security against adversarial opponents. This survey study covers the most representative poisoning attacks against supervised ML models. The major purpose of this survey is to highlight\u0000 the most essential facts on security vulnerabilities in context of ML classifiers. Data poisoning attacks entail tampering with data samples provided to method during training stage, which may lead to a drop in the correctness and accuracy during inference stage. This research gathers most\u0000 significant insights as well as discoveries from most recent existing literature on this topic. Furthermore, this work discusses several defence strategies that promise to provide feasible detection as well as mitigation procedures, as well as extra robustness against malicious attacks.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44034185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Chunmei Yin, Zhenrong Ma
To extend the service life of mold steel and reduce the residual stresses generated during laser cladding to reduce defects such as surface cracks, this paper conducts a simulation study in terms of optimizing the laser cladding process parameters and pre-setting the surface texture. Firstly, using residual stress as an indicator, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted using ANSYS on three factors: laser power, scanning speed, and spot radius, and then the experimental results were subjected to signal-to-noise ratio and extreme difference analysis to obtain the optimum process parameters: laser power of 800 W, spot radius of 1 mm and scanning speed of 20 mm/s. Subsequently, the mould steel was pre-textured under the optimum process parameters and the temperature and stress fields of the clad layers were compared with those without pre-texturing. The results show that the average residual stress in the pre-textured clad layer is 149 MPa, which is 58.56% lower than the average residual stress in the unpre-textured clad layer, which is consistent with the experimental results and verifies the feasibility of pre-texturing in the elimination of residual stress.
{"title":"Research on the Thermal Behavior of Surface Texture on Laser Cladding Layer of Mold Steel","authors":"Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Chunmei Yin, Zhenrong Ma","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3429","url":null,"abstract":"To extend the service life of mold steel and reduce the residual stresses generated during laser cladding to reduce defects such as surface cracks, this paper conducts a simulation study in terms of optimizing the laser cladding process parameters and pre-setting the surface texture.\u0000 Firstly, using residual stress as an indicator, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted using ANSYS on three factors: laser power, scanning speed, and spot radius, and then the experimental results were subjected to signal-to-noise ratio and extreme difference analysis\u0000 to obtain the optimum process parameters: laser power of 800 W, spot radius of 1 mm and scanning speed of 20 mm/s. Subsequently, the mould steel was pre-textured under the optimum process parameters and the temperature and stress fields of the clad layers were compared with those without pre-texturing.\u0000 The results show that the average residual stress in the pre-textured clad layer is 149 MPa, which is 58.56% lower than the average residual stress in the unpre-textured clad layer, which is consistent with the experimental results and verifies the feasibility of pre-texturing in the elimination\u0000 of residual stress.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41891372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunqi Huang, Yutong Lu, Cailing Song, Yican Wei, Yuxi Yang, Jie Ren, Meiling Wang, Congli Tang, Aayesha Riaz, M. Shah, Yan Deng, Hongna Liu, Wenjing Pan, Song Li
Next-Generation sequencing is a widespread technology of sequencing which is used in genomics research and biotechnology, although it comes with many shortcomings such as short read length or polymerase chain reactions (PCR) bias. In this review, a brief introduction is provided to the Helicos Biosciences true single-molecule sequencing (tSMS), Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore single-molecule sequencing technologies. In comparison with both first- and second-generation sequencing technologies, third-generation sequencing such as nanopore and photoelectron high-throughput sequencing technologies have the advantages of ultra-long read length and no PCR bias, which help to study repetitive regions of the genome and complex structural variants, thus correctly identifying potential gene mutations in various diseases, and are important for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This paper focuses on the sequencing principles of nanopore and photoelectron high-throughput sequencing technologies as well as their applications in cancer, pathogen detection and genetic diseases.
{"title":"Advances in Nanopore and Photoelectron-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Technology for Single-Molecule Sequencing","authors":"Yunqi Huang, Yutong Lu, Cailing Song, Yican Wei, Yuxi Yang, Jie Ren, Meiling Wang, Congli Tang, Aayesha Riaz, M. Shah, Yan Deng, Hongna Liu, Wenjing Pan, Song Li","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3419","url":null,"abstract":"Next-Generation sequencing is a widespread technology of sequencing which is used in genomics research and biotechnology, although it comes with many shortcomings such as short read length or polymerase chain reactions (PCR) bias. In this review, a brief introduction is provided to\u0000 the Helicos Biosciences true single-molecule sequencing (tSMS), Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore single-molecule sequencing technologies. In comparison with both first- and second-generation sequencing technologies, third-generation sequencing\u0000 such as nanopore and photoelectron high-throughput sequencing technologies have the advantages of ultra-long read length and no PCR bias, which help to study repetitive regions of the genome and complex structural variants, thus correctly identifying potential gene mutations in various diseases,\u0000 and are important for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This paper focuses on the sequencing principles of nanopore and photoelectron high-throughput sequencing technologies as well as their applications in cancer, pathogen detection and genetic diseases.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rinki Gupta, Vaishnavi Rout, Khushi Rajput, V. Chawla, H. Fouad, M. S. Akhtar
This paper aims to generate clean electricity by utilizing waste heat available in the environment. To achieve this, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is used in conjunction with a Peltier module, voltage regulator, and USB charging module. The Peltier modules are connected in series to maximize voltage and minimize loss. The proposed methodology is first numerically modeled and simulated using Ansys and COMSOL, after which the model is developed with an assembly of all the above-mentioned modules. The paper mainly focuses on the sustainable use of waste heat energy to produce clean energy in the form of electricity. The paper demonstrates the working principle of thermoelectric generators and their efficiency in generating electricity from waste heat energy. It also explores the various applications of thermoelectric generator technology. The results of all three simulations are compared, and the paper emphasizes the adoption of thermoelectric generators as a practical option to recover wasted heat and reduce the environmental impact of energy-intensive industries. Overall, this paper showcases a practical solution to mitigate environmental degradation caused by industrial waste heat, while simultaneously producing clean energy.
{"title":"A Sustainable Method to Convert Waste Heat Energy to Electricity by Using Thermo-Electric Generators","authors":"Rinki Gupta, Vaishnavi Rout, Khushi Rajput, V. Chawla, H. Fouad, M. S. Akhtar","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3410","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to generate clean electricity by utilizing waste heat available in the environment. To achieve this, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is used in conjunction with a Peltier module, voltage regulator, and USB charging module. The Peltier modules are connected in series\u0000 to maximize voltage and minimize loss. The proposed methodology is first numerically modeled and simulated using Ansys and COMSOL, after which the model is developed with an assembly of all the above-mentioned modules. The paper mainly focuses on the sustainable use of waste heat energy to\u0000 produce clean energy in the form of electricity. The paper demonstrates the working principle of thermoelectric generators and their efficiency in generating electricity from waste heat energy. It also explores the various applications of thermoelectric generator technology. The results of\u0000 all three simulations are compared, and the paper emphasizes the adoption of thermoelectric generators as a practical option to recover wasted heat and reduce the environmental impact of energy-intensive industries. Overall, this paper showcases a practical solution to mitigate environmental\u0000 degradation caused by industrial waste heat, while simultaneously producing clean energy.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46263432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the background of frequent electric fires caused by leakage and arc faults, the low-voltage distribution network uses the Internet of Things technology to solve the problem of low-voltage monitoring, so as to ensure the safe use of electricity. In order to tag the collected data with time tags, a large number of low-voltage terminal units need to have time synchronization function, while the cost and accuracy of existing time synchronization methods cannot adapt to the demand of low-voltage distribution network monitoring system. Based on analyzing the demand of low-voltage distribution network monitoring function for time synchronization, this paper puts forward a time synchronization method combining WiFi communication with voltage detection by taking advantage of the characteristics of short low-voltage line and small voltage phase angle change at both ends of the line. Time synchronization of low-voltage terminal unit at the time when the power frequency voltage crosses the zero point, using WiFi communication to transmit time synchronization commands. This method is economical and does not require additional equipment. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by building a test system, and the time synchronization accuracy can be within 1 ms.
{"title":"Time Synchronization Method of Low-Voltage Distribution Network Based on Wi-Fi and Voltage Detection","authors":"Bolin Xue, Yu Chen, T. Altameem","doi":"10.1166/jno.2023.3406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3406","url":null,"abstract":"Under the background of frequent electric fires caused by leakage and arc faults, the low-voltage distribution network uses the Internet of Things technology to solve the problem of low-voltage monitoring, so as to ensure the safe use of electricity. In order to tag the collected data\u0000 with time tags, a large number of low-voltage terminal units need to have time synchronization function, while the cost and accuracy of existing time synchronization methods cannot adapt to the demand of low-voltage distribution network monitoring system. Based on analyzing the demand of low-voltage\u0000 distribution network monitoring function for time synchronization, this paper puts forward a time synchronization method combining WiFi communication with voltage detection by taking advantage of the characteristics of short low-voltage line and small voltage phase angle change at both ends\u0000 of the line. Time synchronization of low-voltage terminal unit at the time when the power frequency voltage crosses the zero point, using WiFi communication to transmit time synchronization commands. This method is economical and does not require additional equipment. Finally, the feasibility\u0000 of the method is verified by building a test system, and the time synchronization accuracy can be within 1 ms.","PeriodicalId":16446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47014968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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