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Individuals Who Had a Lifetime History of Suicide Attempts and Their Relationships With Inflammation, Severity of Depressive Symptoms, and Childhood Maltreatments. 终生有自杀未遂史的人及其与炎症、抑郁症状严重程度和童年虐待的关系。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001805
Gisele de Souza Teixeira Bellinello, Mariana Urbano, Heber Odebrecht Vargas, Waldiceu Verri, Ana Carolina Rossaneis, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes

Abstract: Lifetime history of suicide attempts is associated with inflammatory mechanisms, severity of depressive symptoms, and childhood trauma. This cross-sectional study enrolled 54 suicide attempters and 154 nonsuicide attempters. All individuals were assessed through a questionnaire, a structured clinical interview, scales, anthropometric measures, and laboratory biomarkers. Individuals with a history of lifetime suicide attempts showed significant positive correlations regarding soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and severity of depressive symptoms (p = 0.013), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and severity of depressive symptoms (p = 0.04), and absenteeism from work and childhood physical abuse (p = 0.012). Suicide attempters also experienced more childhood trauma (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) compared with nonsuicide attempters. IL-4 levels were significantly lower in individuals who attempted suicide than in nonsuicidal individuals. Lifetime suicide attempts in major affective disorders were associated with childhood trauma and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

摘要:终生自杀未遂史与炎症机制、抑郁症状严重程度和童年创伤有关。这项横断面研究共招募了 54 名自杀未遂者和 154 名非自杀未遂者。研究人员通过问卷调查、结构化临床访谈、量表、人体测量和实验室生物标志物对所有人进行了评估。有自杀未遂史的人的可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1与抑郁症状的严重程度(p = 0.013)、白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂与抑郁症状的严重程度(p = 0.04)、旷工与童年身体虐待(p = 0.012)呈显著正相关。与非自杀企图者相比,自杀企图者也经历了更多的童年创伤(性虐待、身体虐待、情感虐待、情感忽视和身体忽视)。自杀未遂者的 IL-4 水平明显低于未自杀者。重性情感障碍患者终生企图自杀与童年创伤以及促炎和抗炎细胞因子有关。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Mandibular Morphology in a Turkish Population With Bipolar I Disorder Using Panoramic Radiography. 利用全景 X 射线照相术确定土耳其双相情感障碍 I 患者的下颌骨形态。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001806
Hakan Bahadir, Nihal Yetimoğlu, Özlem Oflezer, Murat Erkiran

Abstract: The presence of specific craniofacial deviations may be evidence of abnormal early brain development in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to compare mandibular morphology in patients with BD versus nonpsychiatric controls using panoramic radiography. A total of 215 recorded images, 70 patients with BD and 145 controls, were evaluated. Seven mandibular parameters of the ramus height (RH), condylar height (CH), gonial angle (GA), antegonial angle (AGA), antegonial notch depth (AND), ramal notch depth (RND), and bigonial width (BGW) were measured in a blinded manner. Group analysis was conducted separately for males and females. The univariate comparisons showed increased values in RH, CH, AND, RND, and BGW and decreased values in GA in males with BD compared with male controls. In addition, females with BD had higher RH, CH, RND, and BGW values in comparison to female controls. The differences were statistically significant. Data from multivariate analyses revealed that increases in RH and BGW values in both sexes were significant predictive variables that distinguished patients with BD from controls. Moreover, deeper AND was the most prominent predictor that distinguished male patients with BD from male controls. The identification of subtle changes in mandibular measurements is consistent with the notion of impaired neurodevelopment in BD.

摘要:特定颅面偏差的存在可能是双相情感障碍(BD)患者早期大脑发育异常的证据。本研究旨在利用全景放射摄影技术,比较双相情感障碍患者与非精神疾病对照组的下颌骨形态。共评估了215张记录图像,其中70张为双相情感障碍患者,145张为对照组。在盲法下测量了下颌骨的七个参数,包括横突高度(RH)、髁突高度(CH)、盂角(GA)、前盂角(AGA)、前盂切迹深度(AND)、横突切迹深度(RND)和大盂宽度(BGW)。对男性和女性分别进行了分组分析。单变量比较结果显示,与男性对照组相比,患有 BD 的男性在 RH、CH、AND、RND 和 BGW 方面的数值增加,而在 GA 方面的数值减少。此外,女性 BD 患者的 RH 值、CH 值、RND 值和 BGW 值均高于女性对照组。这些差异具有统计学意义。多变量分析的数据显示,男女患者的 RH 值和 BGW 值的增加是区分 BD 患者和对照组的重要预测变量。此外,更深的AND是区分男性BD患者和男性对照组的最主要预测因素。下颌骨测量值的微妙变化与 BD 神经发育受损的概念相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Uncovering the Motor Dynamics of Obsessive-Compulsive Rituals Through Cluster Analysis. 通过聚类分析揭示强迫症仪式的运动动力
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001804
Luca Gambolò, Rebecca Ottoni, Anna Di Donna, Carlo Marchesi, Matteo Tonna

Abstract: Rituals represent a prominent human behavior in different contexts such as daily routines, life cycle stages, and psychopathology, for example, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) where they are referred to as compulsions. OCD compulsions differ from habitual behaviors and stereotypies regarding their formal features: acts repetition, the addition of nonfunctional acts, and attentional focus on basic motor units. This study aims to categorize OCD compulsions based on the motor patterns of acts repetition and inclusion of nonfunctional acts. We analyzed 28 video-recorded OCD compulsions; we adopted a cluster analytic model to identify distinct patterns within the data and determine cluster characteristics. Our findings revealed a moderate negative covariance between nonfunctionality and repetitiveness, indicating that as nonfunctionality increased, repetitiveness decreased. Three distinct clusters in OCD rituals were identified according to the motor pattern: "idiosyncratic rituals," characterized by strong incorporation of nonfunctional acts; "iterative rituals" showing high repetitiveness; and "routines," with minimal repetition and limited inclusion of nonfunctional acts. These motor patterns highlight evolutionarily conserved behavioral strategies aimed at coping with conditions of environmental unpredictability. The findings might allow fine-grained discrimination of ritual compulsions and help target personalized interventions.

摘要:仪式是人类在日常生活、生命周期阶段和精神病理学等不同情况下的突出行为,例如强迫症(OCD)中的强迫行为。强迫症强迫症与习惯性行为和刻板印象的不同之处在于其形式特征:行为重复、增加非功能性行为以及将注意力集中在基本运动单元上。本研究旨在根据行为重复和加入非功能性行为的运动模式对强迫症进行分类。我们分析了 28 个强迫症强迫动作的视频录像,并采用聚类分析模型来识别数据中的独特模式并确定聚类特征。我们的研究结果表明,非功能性和重复性之间存在适度的负协方差,这表明随着非功能性的增加,重复性也会降低。根据运动模式,我们在强迫症仪式中发现了三个不同的群组:"特异性仪式 "的特点是大量包含非功能性行为;"迭代性仪式 "表现出较高的重复性;"例行性仪式 "的重复性最低,包含的非功能性行为有限。这些运动模式凸显了进化过程中保守的行为策略,旨在应对环境的不可预测性。这些发现可能有助于对仪式强迫症进行精细分辨,并帮助确定个性化干预措施的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Alexithymia-A Neglected Factor Influencing Educational Satisfaction and Psychological Wellbeing in Medical Students. 亚历山大症--影响医学生教育满意度和心理健康的被忽视因素。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001807
Katarina Simic, Milan Latas, Maja Pantovic Stefanovic, Milica Nesic

Abstract: Alexithymia presents a reduced ability to identify, express, and describe one's own emotions. In medical professionals, alexithymia is associated with increased burnout and substance use, as well as reduced altruistic behavior. Our aim was to examine the association between alexithymia and different sociodemographic, psychological, and somatic parameters among medical students. Participants included 186 third- and sixth-year students of the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, Serbia. Data were collected through an online survey, composed of 1) a general questionnaire (sociodemographic data, education satisfaction, grade point average, presence of psychological and somatic disorders), 2) Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, 3) Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and 4) Beck Anxiety Inventory. Third-year students had significantly higher rates of alexithymia compared with sixth-year students. Negative correlation was found between alexithymia and educational satisfaction ( r = -0.276**) and alexithymia and grade point average ( r = -0.186*). A positive correlation was found between alexithymia and depression ( r = 0.424**) and alexithymia and anxiety ( r = 0.338**). The negative impact of alexithymia on educational satisfaction and psychological health is pronounced in the population of medical students, indicating a need for preventive programs aimed in medical schools.

摘要:情绪失调症表现为识别、表达和描述自身情绪的能力下降。在医务人员中,情感缺失与职业倦怠和药物使用增加以及利他行为减少有关。我们的目的是在医学生中研究lexithymia与不同社会人口学、心理学和躯体参数之间的关联。参与者包括塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德医学院的 186 名三年级和六年级学生。数据通过在线调查收集,调查内容包括:1)一般问卷(社会人口学数据、教育满意度、平均学分绩点、是否患有心理和躯体疾病);2)多伦多亚历山大症二十项量表;3)患者健康问卷-9;4)贝克焦虑量表。与六年级学生相比,三年级学生的亚历山大症发病率明显较高。研究发现,自闭症与教育满意度(r = -0.276**)和自闭症与平均学分绩点(r = -0.186*)之间存在负相关。在情感障碍与抑郁(r = 0.424**)和情感障碍与焦虑(r = 0.338**)之间发现了正相关。在医学生群体中,亚历山大症对教育满意度和心理健康的负面影响非常明显,这表明有必要在医学院校开展预防计划。
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引用次数: 0
Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cognitive Decline: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015-2016. 童年不良经历与认知能力下降之间的关系:2015-2016年行为风险因素监测系统的研究结果》(Finding from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2015-2016)。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001790
Gaurav Chaudhari, Darshini Vora, Chintan Trivedi, Preetam Reddy, Krishna Priya Bodicherla, Mahwish Adnan, Ramu Vadukapuram, Priya Durga Kodi, Kaushal Shah, Sruti Patel, Zeeshan Mansuri, Shailesh Jain

Abstract: We aim to study Adverse childhood experiences' (ACEs') association with cognitive decline during adulthood. We reviewed data on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) for those ≥45 years of age. Logistic regression analysis, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval (CI) assessed the association between ACEs and SCD. We analyzed an adult survey (N = 3900, mean age: 60.9 years, male: 46%). The most common ACE reported was household substance abuse (22.4%), followed by parental divorce/separation (20.9%). The prevalence of SCD in those having at least one ACE was higher than those without any (16.5% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). SCD positively correlated with the number of ACEs (p < 0.001). The odds of SCD increase in proportion to the increase in the number of ACEs experienced. These findings should be replicated in a larger population while controlling for confounding factors.

摘要:我们旨在研究童年不良经历(ACE)与成年后认知能力下降之间的关系。我们回顾了年龄≥45 岁人群的主观认知能力下降(SCD)数据。逻辑回归分析、几率比和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 评估了 ACE 与 SCD 之间的关系。我们分析了一项成人调查(N = 3900,平均年龄:60.9 岁,男性:46%)。最常见的 ACE 是家庭药物滥用(22.4%),其次是父母离婚/分居(20.9%)。在至少有一项 ACE 的人群中,SCD 患病率高于没有任何 ACE 的人群(16.5% 对 8.1%,P < 0.001)。SCD 与 ACE 的数量呈正相关(p < 0.001)。发生 SCD 的几率与经历的 ACE 数量的增加成正比。这些研究结果应在更大的人群中进行复制,同时控制混杂因素。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Burnout and Self-Efficacy of Teachers of Physical Education During Online Learning. 在线学习期间体育教师的职业倦怠和自我效能感分析。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001802
Xu Ran

Abstract: The research is based on interpretive phenomenological analysis and the interview method. The sample involved 100 secondary school students from five to nine grades and eight physical education teachers. All participants studied the proposed physical education program in-person for one academic semester, as well as studied the program online for one academic semester. It was found that online learning was viewed unfavorably by 87% of teachers. However, 65% of participants admitted that learning opportunities were limited, and they experienced difficulties with appropriate lesson content, equipment, and space to foster a positive learning environment and a productive working context. In addition, marginalization occurred as parents and students paid more attention to other subject areas except for physical education. The research suggested that the majority of teachers (89%) were looking forward to full-time and face-to-face physical education training because they lacked personal relationships and interaction with their students.

摘要:本研究采用解释现象学分析法和访谈法。样本包括 100 名五至九年级的中学生和 8 名体育教师。所有参与者都在一学期内亲自学习了拟议的体育课程,并在一学期内在线学习了该课程。调查发现,87%的教师对在线学习持否定态度。然而,65% 的参与者承认学习机会有限,他们在适当的课程内容、设备和空间方面遇到困难,难以营造积极的学习环境和富有成效的工作氛围。此外,由于家长和学生更关注体育以外的其他学科领域,因此出现了边缘化现象。研究表明,大多数教师(89%)期待全职和面对面的体育培训,因为他们缺乏与学生的人际关系和互动。
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引用次数: 0
Sociodemographic Characteristics, Anxiety, Depression Levels, and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Hospitalized COVID-19-Positive Children and Adolescents. 住院的 COVID-19 阳性儿童和青少年的社会人口特征、焦虑、抑郁水平以及情绪和行为问题。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001794
Eda Kizilyaprak, Semiha Comertoglu Arslan, Hatice Altun, Hatice Gunes, Serpil Dincer

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate anxiety, depression levels, and emotional/behavioral problems of children and adolescents while being treated in the COVID-19 unit. The present study included 50 children who were COVID-19 positive, aged 7-18 years, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The sociodemographic data form and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-C) were applied to all children, and all families were asked sociodemographic data form, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Parent Version (RCADS-P), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of anxiety, depression levels, and emotional/behavioral problems. The conduct problems subscale score of SDQ in the patient group was found to be significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.037). Separation anxiety subscale scores of RCADS (p = 0.034) and the rate of accompanying companions (p = 0.01) in the patient group were found to be significantly higher in preadolescents than in adolescents. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that children and adolescents who were COVID-19 positive were not different from healthy children in terms of anxiety and depression levels, and emotional and behavioral problems in the acute period during inpatient treatment.

摘要:本研究旨在调查儿童和青少年在接受 COVID-19 治疗时的焦虑、抑郁水平以及情绪/行为问题。本研究包括 50 名 COVID-19 阳性的 7-18 岁儿童和 50 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组。所有儿童均接受了社会人口学数据表和修订版儿童焦虑抑郁量表-儿童版(RCADS-C)的测试,所有家庭均接受了社会人口学数据表、修订版儿童焦虑抑郁量表-家长版(RCADS-P)和优势与困难问卷(SDQ)的测试。患者组和对照组在焦虑、抑郁水平和情绪/行为问题方面没有明显差异。患者组的 SDQ 行为问题分量表得分明显低于对照组(p = 0.037)。研究发现,患者组的 RCADS 分离焦虑分量表得分(p = 0.034)和陪伴率(p = 0.01)明显高于青少年组。总之,本研究表明,在住院治疗的急性期,COVID-19 阳性的儿童和青少年在焦虑和抑郁水平以及情绪和行为问题方面与健康儿童没有差异。
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引用次数: 0
PSTD Treatment of Joint Forces Operation Combatants: A Case Study. 联合部队作战人员的 PSTD 治疗:案例研究。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001801
Oleh Semenenko, Uzef Dobrovolskyi, Mariia Yarmolchyk, Serhii Stolinets, Oleh Tarasov

Abstract: The participation of military personnel in operations like the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)/Joint Forces Operations (JFO) can lead to significant psychological trauma, potentially resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding the effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating PTSD among ATO/JFO participants is crucial given its profound impact on personal relationships, life scenarios, and overall well-being. This study evaluates how acceptance and commitment therapy can alleviate PTSD symptoms and enhance well-being in Ukrainian military personnel with combat-related PTSD. The main research method was a psychological experiment, and the case study method was used as an auxiliary research method. The study revealed the following: combatants in the ATO/JFO who have been diagnosed with PTSD should be classified as persons with disabilities due to certain limitations in their life activities, namely, the inability to control their behavior, and difficulties in work and communication. This study proves that cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy has a clear advantage in overcoming PTSD in the military, as it allows transforming psychological trauma into posttraumatic growth. Attachment and acceptance therapy, a form of behavioral therapy, has emerged as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. It focuses on diagnosing and addressing the psychological consequences of war by analyzing the connections among cognition, affect, and behavior. Given the protracted nature of PTSD, the practical significance of the study is to develop effective psychotherapeutic interventions for the expected recovery of ATO/JFO participants affected by combat operations.

摘要:军事人员参与反恐行动(ATO)/联合部队行动(JFO)等行动可能会导致严重的心理创伤,有可能导致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。鉴于创伤后应激障碍对人际关系、生活场景和整体健康的深远影响,了解心理疗法在治疗 ATO/JFO 参与者创伤后应激障碍方面的有效性至关重要。本研究评估了接纳与承诺疗法如何减轻患有战斗相关创伤后应激障碍的乌克兰军人的创伤后应激障碍症状并提高其幸福感。主要研究方法是心理实验,案例研究法作为辅助研究方法。研究结果表明:被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍的 ATO/JFO 战斗人员应被归类为残疾人,因为他们的生活活动受到一定限制,即无法控制自己的行为,在工作和交流方面存在困难。这项研究证明,认知行为心理疗法在克服军人创伤后应激障碍方面具有明显的优势,因为它可以将心理创伤转化为创伤后成长。依恋和接受疗法是一种行为疗法,已成为治疗创伤后应激障碍最有效的方法之一。它通过分析认知、情感和行为之间的联系,重点诊断和解决战争造成的心理后果。鉴于创伤后应激障碍的长期性,本研究的实际意义在于为受作战行动影响的 ATO/JFO 参与者的预期康复制定有效的心理治疗干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
The Mediating Role of Trauma Centrality in the Correlation Between Coping Self-Efficacy and Posttraumatic Growth Level of Disaster Volunteers. 创伤中心性在灾难志愿者的应对自我效能与创伤后成长水平之间的中介作用。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001798
Rabia Arpacı, Duygu Ayar, Fatma Karasu

Abstract: Volunteers who respond to disasters play a crucial role in disaster management. However, their indirect exposure to traumatic events during their duties can adversely affect their mental health. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation among trauma centrality, coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth and trauma centrality as possible mediator role in this relationship. A total of 112 disaster volunteers participated. The data were collected with a Demographic Form, the Centrality of Events Scale, the Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. Disaster volunteers exhibited above average event centrality, high levels of posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy. A positive correlation was identified among trauma centrality, posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy, with trauma centrality playing a full mediating role. This study will be instrumental in better understanding the posttraumatic processes of disaster volunteers and in strengthening coping capacities, guiding the implementation of preventive and protective psychosocial interventions.

摘要:救灾志愿者在灾害管理中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,他们在执行任务期间间接接触创伤事件会对其心理健康产生不利影响。本研究旨在确定创伤中心性、应对自我效能感和创伤后成长之间的相关性,以及创伤中心性在这一关系中可能扮演的中介角色。共有 112 名灾难志愿者参与了研究。数据收集包括人口统计学表格、事件中心性量表、创伤后成长量表和应对自我效能量表。灾难志愿者表现出高于平均水平的事件中心性、高水平的创伤后成长和应对自我效能。研究发现,创伤中心性、创伤后成长和应对自我效能感之间存在正相关,而创伤中心性起着完全的中介作用。这项研究将有助于更好地了解灾难志愿者的创伤后过程,加强应对能力,指导实施预防性和保护性社会心理干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSD, Depression, and Grief Among Survivors of 2023 Türkiye Earthquake. 2023 年土耳其地震幸存者中创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和悲伤的患病率和风险因素。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001803
Sevinc Ulusoy, Zulal Celik, Aleyna Guleryuz, Havva Ceren Esgibag, Kaasim Fatih Yavuz

Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and complicated grief among 529 adults residing in a container city, 4 months after the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Participants were assessed using the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, the Hamilton Depression Scale, and the Inventory of Complicated Grief. The prevalence rates of probable PTSD, depression, and complicated grief were 21.4%, 15.9%, and 64.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that PTSD was significantly associated with the loss of a loved one, fear of future earthquakes, and decreased perceived life control. Similarly, depression was associated with being trapped under debris, experiencing fear during the earthquake, and reduced perceived life control. These findings suggest that individuals presenting these risk factors warrant closer follow-up for potential psychological issues. Additionally, the impact of fear related to the earthquake and the role of perceived life control emerge as crucial considerations for psychological interventions.

摘要:本研究调查了 2023 年土耳其地震发生 4 个月后,居住在集装箱城市的 529 名成年人中可能出现的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁和复杂悲伤的患病率和风险因素。研究人员使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版创伤后应激障碍核对表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和复杂悲伤量表对参与者进行了评估。可能患有创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和复杂悲伤的比例分别为 21.4%、15.9% 和 64.7%。逻辑回归分析表明,创伤后应激障碍与失去亲人、对未来地震的恐惧和对生活控制感的下降有显著关联。同样,抑郁症也与被困在废墟下、在地震中感到恐惧和生活控制感降低有关。这些研究结果表明,出现这些风险因素的人需要更密切地跟踪潜在的心理问题。此外,与地震有关的恐惧的影响和感知到的生活控制力的作用也成为心理干预的重要考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
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