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Correlates of Menarcheal Age in a Psychiatric Sample of Adolescents. 青少年精神病学样本中初潮年龄的相关因素。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001737
Allison Stumper, Sarah A Thomas, Zaharah A Zaidi, Megan A Fydenkevez, Micaela Maron, Jennifer C Wolff, Jessica R Peters

Abstract: Early pubertal timing is associated with more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and increased risk for psychopathology during adolescence. However, most work to date has used community or epidemiological samples, and it remains unclear whether these associations persist in acute clinical samples. The present study examined associations between age at menarche and ACEs, psychiatric symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of N = 140 adolescents on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Youth with early menarche reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, more severe suicidal ideation, and greater difficulty with emotion regulation than youth with normative age at menarche. There was a marginal effect of youth with early menarche reporting more ACEs and more anxiety symptoms. These results suggest menarcheal age, and ACEs may be useful risk factors to assess in inpatient settings to predict risk for more severe outcomes, and future research on pubertal timing in high acuity settings is warranted.

摘要:青春期过早与更多的童年不良经历(ACE)和青春期精神病理学风险增加有关。然而,迄今为止的大多数研究都是在社区或流行病学样本中进行的,目前仍不清楚这些关联在急性期临床样本中是否持续存在。本研究调查了精神病住院病人样本(N = 140)中初潮年龄与 ACE、精神症状和情绪调节障碍之间的关系。与月经初潮年龄正常的青少年相比,月经初潮过早的青少年抑郁症状更严重,自杀意念更强烈,情绪调节能力更差。月经初潮早的青少年报告了更多的 ACE 和更多的焦虑症状,这对他们的影响微乎其微。这些结果表明,月经初潮年龄和 ACE 可能是在住院环境中进行评估的有用风险因素,可用于预测更严重后果的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Lack of Identity and Suicidality: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties. 缺乏认同感与自杀:情绪调节困难的中介作用》。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001731
Angela Russolillo, Alicia Spidel, David Kealy

Abstract: Identity disturbance has been connected to both psychological distress and suicidality, and associated with emotion dysregulation. However, despite empirical evidence of a relationship between lack of identity and poor psychiatric outcomes, the link between impaired identity and emotion dysregulation in suicide risk remains underexplored, particularly among individuals seeking outpatient mental health services. Using data from a large clinical sample (n = 246), the present study examined the association between lack of identity and suicidality and the role of emotion dysregulation within this process. Findings indicated that the mediation model was significant, with emotion regulation difficulties significantly mediating the association between lack of identity and future suicidal behavior. Furthermore, the indirect effect of lack of identity on anticipated suicidality remained significant beyond general distress and past suicide attempt. Our findings add to the literature examining the complex relationship among lack of identity, emotion regulation, and suicidality.

摘要:身份障碍与心理困扰和自杀有关,也与情绪失调有关。然而,尽管有实证证据表明缺乏身份认同与不良的精神病治疗结果之间存在关系,但对身份认同受损与自杀风险中的情绪失调之间的联系仍未进行深入探讨,尤其是在寻求门诊心理健康服务的人群中。本研究使用了大量临床样本(n = 246)的数据,研究了缺乏身份认同与自杀之间的联系,以及情绪失调在这一过程中的作用。研究结果表明,情绪调节障碍显著地调节了缺乏认同感与未来自杀行为之间的关系,这一中介模型具有重要意义。此外,缺乏认同感对预期自杀行为的间接影响仍然显著,超出了一般痛苦和过去的自杀企图。我们的研究结果为研究缺乏认同感、情绪调节和自杀之间复杂关系的文献增添了新的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Dual Systems Model Development: Testing the Moderating Role of ADHD. 了解异常同伴交往对双系统模型发展的影响:ADHD的调节作用检验。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001743
Thomas Wojciechowski

Abstract: Recent research has indicated that deviant peers may play a role in cognitive development. This is particularly the case for the dual systems model, a key framework for understanding engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, limited research has examined how preexisting mental health concerns may moderate these relationships. This study used the Pathways to Desistance data to examine attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a moderator of the relationships between deviant peer association and dual systems model constructs. Generalized estimating equations were used to test these relationships. Results indicated that deviant peer association and the presence of ADHD both predicted increased sensation-seeking and lower impulse control. ADHD significantly moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and impulse control, indicating a weaker impact of deviant peer association on impulse control among participants with ADHD. No significant interaction was observed for the relationship between deviant peer association and sensation-seeking.

摘要近年来的研究表明,越轨同伴可能在认知发展中发挥作用。这对于双系统模型来说尤其如此,这是理解青春期和成年初期反社会行为参与的关键框架。然而,有限的研究已经调查了先前存在的心理健康问题如何缓和这些关系。本研究使用“停止路径”数据来检验注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)作为异常同伴关联和双系统模型构建之间关系的调节因子。使用广义估计方程来检验这些关系。结果表明,异常同伴交往和ADHD的存在都预示着感觉寻求的增加和冲动控制的降低。ADHD显著调节了异常同伴交往与冲动控制的关系,表明异常同伴交往对ADHD被试冲动控制的影响较弱。不正常同伴交往与感觉寻求之间没有显著的交互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing the Staff-Administered Meal Independence Rating Scale for Use Among Patients With Serious Mental Illnesses. 介绍用于严重精神疾病患者的员工管理膳食独立性评定量表。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001732
Amy Ehntholt, En Fu, Leah G Pope, Merrill Rotter, Michael T Compton

Abstract: For individuals living with serious mental illnesses (SMIs), inadequate meal preparation skills can hinder the ability to live independently; yet rating scales tailored for this population are lacking. We describe development, item analysis, and initial reliability and validity of the Staff-Administered Meal Independence Rating Scale (SAMIRS). After item development involving expert consultation, two rounds of pilot testing ( n = 188, n = 293) were conducted in inpatient and residential settings (transitional living residences [TLRs] and community residences [CRs]). For initial testing of convergent validity, Pearson correlations with Specific Levels of Functioning (SLOF) scale items were computed. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single factor; Cronbach's alpha was high (0.98). The mean SAMIRS score varied by setting: CR residents scored higher than those in TLRs or inpatient units. Scores were highly correlated with SLOF items measuring community living skills. Although further study is warranted, the SAMIRS could be a useful tool in rating functional needs pertaining to meal independence among individuals with SMI.

摘要:对于患有严重精神疾病的人来说,不充分的膳食准备技能会阻碍他们独立生活的能力;然而,缺乏针对这一人群的评分标准。我们描述了员工管理膳食独立性评定量表(SAMIRS)的开发、项目分析以及初步的可靠性和有效性。在涉及专家咨询的项目开发后,在住院和住宅环境(过渡生活住宅[TLR]和社区住宅[CRs])中进行了两轮试点测试(n=188,n=293)。对于收敛有效性的初步测试,计算了Pearson与特定功能水平(SLOF)量表项目的相关性。探索性因素分析揭示了单一因素;Cronbachα较高(0.98)。SAMIRS的平均得分因环境而异:CR住院患者的得分高于TLR或住院患者。分数与衡量社区生活技能的SLOF项目高度相关。尽管有必要进行进一步的研究,但SAMIRS可能是评估SMI患者与膳食独立性相关的功能需求的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
A Rare Presentation of Pica Disorder in Soap Ingestion Variant: Case Report and Review. 肥皂摄入变异型腹泻症的罕见表现:病例报告与综述
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001716
Rui Sousa, Francisco Cunha, Joana Abreu, Nuno Cunha

Abstract: Pica indicates the persistent ingestion of inedible substances over a period of at least 1 month, being discordant to the individual's cognitive development level and not directly attributable to cultural or social normative practices. The literature suggests that the prevalence of pica varies significantly according to the social and clinical context. It can co-occur with psychiatric disorders, with its etiology being poorly understood and most likely multifactorial. In this article, we report the case of a patient in her 50s with a clinical setting compatible with soap ingestion variant of pica disorder. In addition to the variety of ingested substances, pica can be associated with heterogeneous behavior, mainly of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Despite recent research, this condition is still a target of much speculation. This is a very rare and challenging presentation of a soap ingestion variant of pica with very few similar cases described to date.

摘要:"胃酸过多 "是指至少在一个月内持续摄入不能食用的物质,这与个人的认知发展水平不符,也不能直接归因于文化或社会规范做法。文献表明,偏食的发生率因社会和临床环境的不同而有很大差异。它可能与精神疾病并发,其病因尚不清楚,很可能是多因素造成的。在本文中,我们报告了一名 50 多岁患者的病例,其临床症状与摄入肥皂变异型偏食症相符。除了摄入的物质种类繁多外,偏食症还可能伴有多种行为,主要是强迫症。尽管最近有了新的研究,但对这种病症的猜测仍然很多。这是一种非常罕见且极具挑战性的肥皂摄入变异性厌食症,迄今为止很少有类似病例被描述过。
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引用次数: 0
The Mediating Effects of Perceived Family Support in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Cross-Cultural Validation. 感知家庭支持在焦虑与问题智能手机使用关系中的中介作用:跨文化验证。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001738
Jiang Long, Yueheng Liu, Yingying Wang, Aurore Pottié, Aurélien Cornil, Jory Deleuze, Qiuxia Wu, Shubao Chen, Yuejiao Ma, Qianjin Wang, Yuzhu Hao, Jing Lu, Ilinca-Gabriela Radu, Tieqiao Liu, Joël Billieux

Abstract: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is frequently considered a public health issue, especially in East Asia and Europe. Yet, there is a paucity of research focusing on cultural and familial determinants of PSU. This cross-cultural study aimed to investigate smartphone usage patterns and possible mediating effects of perceived family support (PFS) from a stress-coping perspective. Convenience samples of 790 Chinese and 439 Belgian undergraduates completed an online survey that focused on sociodemographics and psychological variables ( i.e. , anxiety, depression, PFS, and PSU). In both samples, PSU was positively associated with anxiety and depression, and negatively associated with PFS. However, after controlling for sex and age in structural equation models, the consistent mediating effects of PFS were only found between anxiety and PSU in both cultural settings. These findings suggest that psychological interventions that take into account familial factors could be helpful for young people presenting with anxiety and PSU.

摘要:智能手机使用问题(PSU)经常被认为是一个公共卫生问题,特别是在东亚和欧洲。然而,关注PSU的文化和家族决定因素的研究却很缺乏。本研究旨在从压力应对的角度探讨智能手机使用模式及其可能的中介效应。790名中国大学生和439名比利时大学生完成了一项在线调查,主要关注社会人口统计学和心理变量(即焦虑、抑郁、PFS和PSU)。在这两个样本中,PSU与焦虑和抑郁呈正相关,与PFS负相关。然而,在结构方程模型中控制性别和年龄后,在两种文化背景下,焦虑和PSU之间只存在一致的中介效应。这些发现表明,考虑到家庭因素的心理干预可能对患有焦虑和PSU的年轻人有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
What Are the Predictors of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Road Traffic Accident Survivors: A Systematic Review. 道路交通事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的预测因素有哪些?系统回顾
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001739
Zahra Sabahi, Parham Hasani, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr, Rasa Beheshti, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani

Abstract: Traffic accidents put tremendous burdens on the psychosocial aspects of communities. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), after an accident, is one of the most prevalent and incapacitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the predictors of PTSD in traffic accident victims. Primary search was conducted in November 2021 and updated in 2023. Studies were excluded if they used any analysis except regression for predictors. Cumulatively, primary and update searches retrieved 10,392 articles from databases, and of these, 87 studies were systematically reviewed. The predictors were categorized into sociodemographics, pretrauma, peritrauma, and post-trauma factors. The PTSD assessment time varied between 2 weeks and 3 years. Being a woman, having depression and having a history of road traffic accidents pretraumatically, peritraumatic dissociative experiences, acute stress disorder diagnosis, rumination, higher injury severity, and involvement in litigation or compensation after the trauma were significant predictors of PTSD.

摘要:交通事故给社会心理造成了巨大负担。事故后的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是全球最普遍、最令人丧失能力的精神疾病之一。在这篇系统性综述中,我们旨在调查交通事故受害者创伤后应激障碍的预测因素。初步检索于 2021 年 11 月进行,并于 2023 年更新。除回归分析外,采用其他分析方法进行预测的研究均被排除在外。初次检索和更新检索共从数据库中检索到10,392篇文章,对其中的87项研究进行了系统回顾。预测因素分为社会人口统计学因素、创伤前因素、创伤周围因素和创伤后因素。创伤后应激障碍的评估时间从 2 周到 3 年不等。女性、抑郁症患者、创伤前有道路交通事故史、创伤周解离体验、急性应激障碍诊断、反刍、受伤严重程度较高、创伤后参与诉讼或赔偿是预测创伤后应激障碍的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Moderation Model for Bolstering Resilience to Suicidal Psychopathology: Positive Sociopsychological Constructs and Coping Flexibilities Buffering the Impact of Daily Life Stress Among Medical Students. 增强自杀心理病理学复原力的调节模型》(A Moderation Model for Bolstering Resilience to Suicidal Psychopathology):积极的社会心理结构和应对灵活性缓冲医学生日常生活压力的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001741
Sunny Garg, Aakanksha Kharb

Abstract: Positive sociopsychological constructs and coping flexibility may be helpful for alleviating suicidal psychopathology, although relatively little research has examined this possibility among medical students. This survey aimed to investigate whether positive sociopsychological constructs and coping flexibility could buffer the negative impact of daily life stress and bolster the resilience to suicidal ideations and attempts among medical students. This cross-sectional model was based on a study of 787 Indian medical students (725 women and 62 men; mean age, 21.08 years; SD = 2.78; range, 19-37 years) who were asked to complete a battery of self-administered questionnaires. For the purpose of determining the independent and interaction impacts of potential variables of influence, hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis investigated that the association between daily life stress and suicidal ideation was buffered among the students having higher levels of positive mental health and coping flexibility, whereas this association was no longer significant at the highest level of positive mental health. Furthermore, the relationship between daily life stress and suicidal attempts continued to be buffered by above-average levels of coping flexibility, emotional stability (ES), and optimism. These findings represent that promoting positive mental health, coping flexibility, ES, and optimism may be a promising approach to mitigate suicidal thoughts and attempts in interventions for medical students at high risk. These modifiable moderating factors can be enhanced by empirically supported treatment and prevention efforts to bolster suicidal resilience.

摘要:积极的社会心理建构和应对灵活性可能有助于缓解自杀心理病理学,但针对医学生的研究相对较少。本调查旨在研究积极的社会心理结构和应对灵活性是否能缓冲日常生活压力的负面影响,并增强医学生对自杀意念和企图的抗逆力。该横断面模型基于一项对 787 名印度医学生(725 名女生和 62 名男生;平均年龄 21.08 岁;SD = 2.78;年龄范围 19-37 岁)的研究,他们被要求完成一系列自填问卷。为了确定潜在影响变量的独立影响和交互影响,采用了分层多元线性回归模型。调节分析表明,日常生活压力与自杀意念之间的关联在积极心理健康和应对灵活性水平较高的学生中得到了缓冲,而在积极心理健康水平最高的学生中,这种关联不再显著。此外,日常生活压力与自杀企图之间的关系继续被高于平均水平的应对灵活性、情绪稳定性(ES)和乐观情绪所缓冲。这些研究结果表明,在对高风险医学生进行干预时,促进积极的心理健康、应对灵活性、情绪稳定性和乐观主义可能是减轻自杀念头和企图的有效方法。这些可调节的调节因素可以通过经验支持的治疗和预防工作得到加强,从而增强自杀复原力。
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引用次数: 0
Thought Blocking as a Manifestation of Catatonia: A Case Report. 思维阻滞是卡他状态的一种表现形式:病例报告
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001727
Omar Elmarasi, Safaa Abdelhady, Yassir Mahgoub

Abstract: Catatonia is an underrecognized disorder that has been widely described as a psychomotor syndrome, with little emphasis on its thought and cognitive dimensions. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision describes only motor and behavioral presentations, whereas a few catatonia scales describe only one form of thought disorders, which is thought perseveration. Thought blocking, a disorder of the thought process, is characterized by regular interruptions in the thought stream. It was described by several scholars as a sign of schizophrenia, with few reports describing thought blocking in association with catatonia. In this article, we describe the course of a patient with bipolar I disorder who presented with catatonia and demonstrated thought blocking. Her catatonic symptoms and thought blocking improved with the addition of lorazepam, recurred upon lorazepam discontinuation, and improved with resumption of lorazepam, demonstrating a clear on/off phenomenon. This report highlights the importance of recognizing thought and cognitive manifestations of catatonia, as it can enhance recognition and improve treatment.

摘要:紧张症是一种未得到充分认识的疾病,被广泛描述为一种精神运动综合征,很少强调其思维和认知层面。现行的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版文本修订版只描述了运动和行为表现,而一些紧张症量表只描述了思维障碍的一种形式,即思维阻滞。思维阻滞是一种思维过程障碍,其特点是思维流经常中断。一些学者将其描述为精神分裂症的一种表现,但很少有报告描述思维阻滞与紧张症的关联。在本文中,我们描述了一名双相情感障碍 I 患者的病程。加入劳拉西泮后,她的紧张性症状和思维阻滞症状有所改善,停用劳拉西泮后症状再次出现,恢复劳拉西泮后症状又有所改善,显示出明显的开关现象。本报告强调了识别紧张症的思维和认知表现的重要性,因为这可以提高识别能力并改善治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Biopsychosocial Correlates and Individual Differences for Eliciting Moral Elevation in Veterans With PTSD: An Experimental Case Series. 创伤后应激障碍退伍军人获得道德提升的生物心理社会相关性和个体差异:一个实验案例系列。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001725
Adam P McGuire, Binh An N Howard, Christina Burns, Laura Zambrano-Vazquez, Yvette Z Szabo

Abstract: A promising approach to enhancing trauma-focused treatment is moral elevation-feeling inspired by witnessing a virtuous act. This study explored potential links between eliciting elevation and relevant outcomes in a series of case examples. Veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder completed experimental tasks including a written trauma narrative exercise and watching elevation-eliciting videos. Participants also completed baseline assessments, repeated measures of trauma-related cognitions, emotions, elevation, and saliva sample collection. Four cases were identified and reviewed: two positive responders (high elevation after videos) and two nonresponders (restricted elevation response). Positive responder cases reported decreased cognitions, emotions, and moral injury distress from after the trauma narrative to after elevation exercises, whereas nonresponders reported minimal to no changes. Positive responders also demonstrated decreases in cortisol, whereas nonresponders demonstrated increases in cortisol. Future work should examine whether elevation contributes to changes in biopsychosocial outcomes and identify individual factors that indicate who might benefit from elevation-based interventions.

摘要:加强以创伤为中心的治疗的一种很有前途的方法是通过目睹一种道德行为来激发道德提升感。这项研究在一系列案例中探讨了引发提升和相关结果之间的潜在联系。可能患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人完成了实验任务,包括书面创伤叙事练习和观看提升视频。参与者还完成了基线评估、创伤相关认知、情绪、海拔和唾液样本采集的重复测量。确定并回顾了四例病例:两例阳性反应者(视频后高海拔)和两例无反应者(限制性海拔反应)。积极反应者报告称,从创伤后的叙述到提升后的练习,认知、情绪和道德伤害痛苦都有所减少,而无反应者报告的变化很小,甚至没有变化。阳性反应者的皮质醇水平也有所下降,而无反应者则表现出皮质醇水平的上升。未来的工作应该检查海拔是否有助于生物心理社会结果的变化,并确定表明谁可能从基于海拔的干预中受益的个体因素。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
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