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Psychotic Experiences and Daily Functioning in Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia. 边缘型人格障碍和精神分裂症患者的精神病体验和日常功能。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001755
Stefan Tschöke, Yvonne Knauer, Erich Flammer, Paula Usemann, Carmen Uhlmann

Abstract: Psychotic experiences have been shown to be comparable in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia. Preliminary evidence suggests differences in the impact of psychotic experiences on daily functioning. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of psychotic experiences in daily functioning in BPD compared with schizophrenia. We performed post hoc analyses on data from 23 inpatients with BPD and 21 inpatients with schizophrenia, for whom results from the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales were available. No differences were found in frequency, intensity, and disruption of life in relation to auditory verbal hallucinations and the amount of preoccupation and conviction with regard to delusions. Significant differences were found in the disruption of life due to delusions. The results emphasize that the quality of psychotic experiences in BPD and schizophrenia is comparable, but the impact of delusions on daily life is different, which may improve differential diagnosis.

摘要:事实证明,边缘型人格障碍(BPD)和精神分裂症患者的精神病性体验具有可比性。初步证据表明,精神病体验对日常功能的影响存在差异。因此,在本研究中,我们旨在调查精神病性体验与精神分裂症相比在边缘型人格障碍患者日常功能中的作用。我们对 23 名 BPD 住院患者和 21 名精神分裂症住院患者的数据进行了事后分析,这些患者的精神病症状分级量表均有结果。结果表明,听幻觉的频率、强度和对生活的干扰程度与妄想的专注程度和确信程度没有差异。但在妄想对生活造成的干扰方面则存在显著差异。研究结果强调,BPD 和精神分裂症患者的精神病体验质量相当,但妄想对日常生活的影响不同,这可能会改善鉴别诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Review of Research From 2011 to 2021. 分离性身份识别障碍:2011 年至 2021 年研究综述》。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001764
Guy A Boysen

Abstract: Dissociative identity disorder (DID) has historically been one of the most controversial topics in the study of psychopathology. Building on a previous review of empirical research on DID from 2000 to 2010, the present review examined DID research from 2011 to 2021. The research output included 56 case studies and 104 empirical studies. Within the empirical studies, approximately 1354 new cases of DID emerged, which resulted in an average samples of approximately 20. Reanalysis of previous samples was standard in the literature with only 40% of reported cases being new. Studies emerged from dozens of countries across the world, but the majority of cases were from Western counties, especially the United States. Diagnosis primarily relied upon validated measures, but 74% of all new cases came from six research groups. Overall, research on DID is steady but methodologically limited in ways that make generalization, especially about etiology, difficult.

摘要:分离性身份识别障碍(DID)历来是精神病理学研究中最具争议的课题之一。本综述以 2000 年至 2010 年有关 DID 的实证研究为基础,考察了 2011 年至 2021 年有关 DID 的研究。研究成果包括 56 项个案研究和 104 项实证研究。在实证研究中,出现了约 1354 个新的 DID 病例,平均样本约为 20 个。对以往样本的重新分析是文献中的标准做法,报告的病例中只有 40% 是新病例。研究来自全球数十个国家,但大多数病例来自西方国家,尤其是美国。诊断主要依靠有效的测量方法,但 74% 的新病例来自六个研究小组。总体而言,关于 DID 的研究是稳定的,但在方法上受到限制,因此很难进行归纳总结,尤其是病因学方面。
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引用次数: 0
Comparable Efficacy of Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Their Combination in Improvement of Cold and Hot Cognitive Functions and Amelioration of Depressive Symptoms. 重复经颅直流电刺激疗法、认知行为疗法及其组合疗法在改善冷热认知功能和抑郁症状方面的疗效相当。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001745
Vahid Nejati, Masoumeh Nozari, Bahram Mirzaian, Hosein Pourshahriar, Mohammad Ali Salehinejad

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (rtDCS), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination (rtDCS-CBT) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, social cognition, and depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 40 female participants with MDD were randomly assigned to one of four groups: rtDCS, CBT, rtDCS-CBT, and a control group. The participants' depressive symptoms, executive functions, and social cognition were assessed at baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and during a 1-month follow-up. The rtDCS group received 10 sessions of anodal dorsolateral and cathodal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (2 mA for 20 minutes). The CBT group received 10 sessions of traditional CBT, whereas the combined group received CBT after the tDCS sessions. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that all intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and social cognition compared with the control group (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, the rtDCS-CBT group exhibited significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms when compared with each intervention alone (all p < 0.001). Notably, working memory improvements were observed only in the rtDCS group ( p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that both CBT and tDCS, either individually or in combination, have a positive therapeutic impact on enhancing executive functions, theory of mind, and depressive symptoms in women with MDD.

摘要:本研究旨在评估重复经颅直流电刺激(rtDCS)、认知行为疗法(CBT)及其组合(rtDCS-CBT)在治疗重度抑郁障碍(MDD)女性患者的认知功能障碍、社会认知和抑郁症状方面的有效性。共有 40 名患有重度抑郁症的女性参与者被随机分配到四组中的一组:rtDCS 组、CBT 组、rtDCS-CBT 组和对照组。分别在基线、干预前、干预后和为期 1 个月的随访期间对参与者的抑郁症状、执行功能和社会认知能力进行评估。rtDCS 组接受了 10 次阳极背外侧和阴极腹侧前额叶皮层治疗(2 毫安,20 分钟)。CBT 组接受了 10 次传统的 CBT 治疗,而联合组则在 tDCS 治疗后接受了 CBT 治疗。方差分析结果表明,与对照组相比,所有干预组在抑郁症状、认知功能障碍和社会认知方面都有显著改善(P 均小于 0.001)。此外,与单独干预相比,rtDCS-CBT 组的抑郁症状明显减轻(所有 p 均小于 0.001)。值得注意的是,只有 rtDCS 组的工作记忆有所改善(p < 0.001)。总之,本研究表明,CBT 和 tDCS 无论是单独使用还是联合使用,都能对增强 MDD 女性患者的执行功能、思维理论和抑郁症状产生积极的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Pathways From Bullying Victimization to Suicidal Thoughts Among Urban African American Adolescents: Applying the General Strain Theory. 城市非裔美国青少年从遭受欺凌到产生自杀念头的途径:应用一般应变理论。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001747
Jun Sung Hong, Jungtae Choi, Timothy I Lawrence, Yueqi Yan, Lois M Takahashi, Dexter R Voisin

Abstract: The present study explores the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal thoughts among African American adolescents in urban neighborhoods. The study, which was guided by the general strain theory, proposed and tested potential pathways that link bullying victimization with suicidal thoughts through the mediators including emotional distress, low future orientation, hopelessness, and drug use. The study sample included 414 African American adolescents who were between ages 12 and 22 years and residing in low-income Chicago's South Side neighborhoods. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and path analyses were conducted. Bullying victimization was not significantly related to suicidal thoughts, although it was positively associated with emotional distress and drug use. The association between low future orientation and hopelessness was bidirectional. The study findings have implications for practice, which is important as resources to assist adolescents who are affected by violence tend to be limited.

摘要:本研究探讨了城市社区非裔美国青少年遭受欺凌与自杀想法之间的关系。研究以一般应变理论为指导,提出并检验了通过情绪困扰、低未来取向、绝望和吸毒等中介因素将欺凌受害与自杀想法联系起来的潜在途径。研究样本包括 414 名年龄在 12 至 22 岁之间、居住在芝加哥南区低收入社区的非裔美国青少年。研究进行了描述性统计、二元相关和路径分析。尽管欺凌行为与情绪困扰和药物使用呈正相关,但欺凌行为与自杀想法并无明显关系。低未来导向与绝望之间的关系是双向的。研究结果对实践具有重要意义,因为帮助受暴力影响的青少年的资源往往是有限的。
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引用次数: 0
Schizotypy Moderates the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Social Cognition. 精神分裂症调节睡眠质量与社会认知的关系。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001744
Lillian A Hammer, Cassi R Springfield, Caitlan A Tighe, Sophia Oswalt, Kelsey A Bonfils

Abstract: Poor sleep quality has been tied to worse social cognition. Social cognitive deficits have been noted in those with high schizotypy. Yet, no study has assessed whether schizotypy moderates the relationship between sleep quality and social cognition, which may be vital to our understanding of contributors to social functioning. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of associations of sleep quality and social cognition, with potential moderation by schizotypy. Participants ( n = 906) completed self-report measures of schizotypy, sleep quality, and social cognition. Levels of schizotypy significantly moderated some of the relationships between sleep and social cognition. For participants low in total or interpersonal schizotypy, worse sleep quality was associated with worse theory of mind scores. For participants low in total, disorganized, or cognitive perceptual schizotypy, worse sleep quality was associated with worse self-reported cognitive empathy. For those high in these facets of schizotypy, worse sleep quality was associated with better self-reported cognitive empathy. These results suggest that the individual facets of schizotypy provide additional information and, therefore, are important to assess when examining social cognition and sleep.

摘要:睡眠质量差与社会认知能力差有关。社会认知缺陷已在那些高度分裂型患者中被注意到。然而,目前还没有研究评估精神分裂是否会调节睡眠质量和社会认知之间的关系,这对我们理解社会功能的贡献者可能至关重要。我们对睡眠质量和社会认知之间的关联进行了横断面分析,并通过精神分裂症进行了潜在的调节。参与者(n = 906)完成了精神分裂类型、睡眠质量和社会认知的自我报告测量。精神分裂的程度显著降低了睡眠和社会认知之间的一些关系。对于总体或人际分裂型较低的参与者,较差的睡眠质量与较差的心理理论得分相关。对于总体低、无组织或认知知觉分裂型的参与者,较差的睡眠质量与较差的自我报告的认知共情有关。对于那些在这些方面表现较高的人来说,更差的睡眠质量与更好的自我报告的认知同理心有关。这些结果表明,精神分裂的个体方面提供了额外的信息,因此,在检查社会认知和睡眠时,评估是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Exercise Dependency and Overuse Injuries in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 注意力缺陷多动症的运动依赖性和过度运动损伤。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001762
Anusha V Ramji, Oliver R Runswick, Eleanor J Dommett

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition, but current medications have limitations, pushing a drive for alternative approaches. Different exercise-focused approaches have shown promise, but concern has also been raised about individuals with ADHD showing greater risk of addiction, including exercise dependency. Using an online survey, we examined current exercise practices, including exercise dependency and the presence of overuse injury, which could result from overexercising, in 114 adults with ADHD. We found that most were regularly exercising. None were classified as exercise dependent, but 38.9% were deemed symptomatic nondependent. Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were a predictor of the level of exercise withdrawal experienced, and the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder was associated with greater risk of overuse injuries. The data indicate that ADHD may confer some greater risk of exercise dependency, aligning with previous studies investigating other addictions and suggesting further research is critical.

摘要:注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见疾病,但目前的药物治疗有其局限性,这促使人们寻求替代方法。以运动为重点的不同方法已显示出前景,但也有人担心多动症患者更容易上瘾,包括运动依赖。通过在线调查,我们研究了 114 名成人多动症患者目前的运动习惯,包括运动依赖性和是否存在过度运动损伤(过度运动可能导致损伤)。我们发现大多数人都经常锻炼。没有人被归类为运动依赖型,但有 38.9% 的人被视为无症状非依赖型。多动-冲动症状是运动戒断程度的一个预测因素,同时患有自闭症谱系障碍的患者发生过度运动损伤的风险更大。这些数据表明,多动症可能会带来更大的运动依赖风险,这与之前调查其他成瘾症的研究结果一致,并表明进一步的研究至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Correlates of Menarcheal Age in a Psychiatric Sample of Adolescents. 青少年精神病学样本中初潮年龄的相关因素。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001737
Allison Stumper, Sarah A Thomas, Zaharah A Zaidi, Megan A Fydenkevez, Micaela Maron, Jennifer C Wolff, Jessica R Peters

Abstract: Early pubertal timing is associated with more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and increased risk for psychopathology during adolescence. However, most work to date has used community or epidemiological samples, and it remains unclear whether these associations persist in acute clinical samples. The present study examined associations between age at menarche and ACEs, psychiatric symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of N = 140 adolescents on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Youth with early menarche reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, more severe suicidal ideation, and greater difficulty with emotion regulation than youth with normative age at menarche. There was a marginal effect of youth with early menarche reporting more ACEs and more anxiety symptoms. These results suggest menarcheal age, and ACEs may be useful risk factors to assess in inpatient settings to predict risk for more severe outcomes, and future research on pubertal timing in high acuity settings is warranted.

摘要:青春期过早与更多的童年不良经历(ACE)和青春期精神病理学风险增加有关。然而,迄今为止的大多数研究都是在社区或流行病学样本中进行的,目前仍不清楚这些关联在急性期临床样本中是否持续存在。本研究调查了精神病住院病人样本(N = 140)中初潮年龄与 ACE、精神症状和情绪调节障碍之间的关系。与月经初潮年龄正常的青少年相比,月经初潮过早的青少年抑郁症状更严重,自杀意念更强烈,情绪调节能力更差。月经初潮早的青少年报告了更多的 ACE 和更多的焦虑症状,这对他们的影响微乎其微。这些结果表明,月经初潮年龄和 ACE 可能是在住院环境中进行评估的有用风险因素,可用于预测更严重后果的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Impact of Deviant Peer Association on Dual Systems Model Development: Testing the Moderating Role of ADHD. 了解异常同伴交往对双系统模型发展的影响:ADHD的调节作用检验。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001743
Thomas Wojciechowski

Abstract: Recent research has indicated that deviant peers may play a role in cognitive development. This is particularly the case for the dual systems model, a key framework for understanding engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, limited research has examined how preexisting mental health concerns may moderate these relationships. This study used the Pathways to Desistance data to examine attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a moderator of the relationships between deviant peer association and dual systems model constructs. Generalized estimating equations were used to test these relationships. Results indicated that deviant peer association and the presence of ADHD both predicted increased sensation-seeking and lower impulse control. ADHD significantly moderated the relationship between deviant peer association and impulse control, indicating a weaker impact of deviant peer association on impulse control among participants with ADHD. No significant interaction was observed for the relationship between deviant peer association and sensation-seeking.

摘要近年来的研究表明,越轨同伴可能在认知发展中发挥作用。这对于双系统模型来说尤其如此,这是理解青春期和成年初期反社会行为参与的关键框架。然而,有限的研究已经调查了先前存在的心理健康问题如何缓和这些关系。本研究使用“停止路径”数据来检验注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)作为异常同伴关联和双系统模型构建之间关系的调节因子。使用广义估计方程来检验这些关系。结果表明,异常同伴交往和ADHD的存在都预示着感觉寻求的增加和冲动控制的降低。ADHD显著调节了异常同伴交往与冲动控制的关系,表明异常同伴交往对ADHD被试冲动控制的影响较弱。不正常同伴交往与感觉寻求之间没有显著的交互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Lack of Identity and Suicidality: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties. 缺乏认同感与自杀:情绪调节困难的中介作用》。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001731
Angela Russolillo, Alicia Spidel, David Kealy

Abstract: Identity disturbance has been connected to both psychological distress and suicidality, and associated with emotion dysregulation. However, despite empirical evidence of a relationship between lack of identity and poor psychiatric outcomes, the link between impaired identity and emotion dysregulation in suicide risk remains underexplored, particularly among individuals seeking outpatient mental health services. Using data from a large clinical sample (n = 246), the present study examined the association between lack of identity and suicidality and the role of emotion dysregulation within this process. Findings indicated that the mediation model was significant, with emotion regulation difficulties significantly mediating the association between lack of identity and future suicidal behavior. Furthermore, the indirect effect of lack of identity on anticipated suicidality remained significant beyond general distress and past suicide attempt. Our findings add to the literature examining the complex relationship among lack of identity, emotion regulation, and suicidality.

摘要:身份障碍与心理困扰和自杀有关,也与情绪失调有关。然而,尽管有实证证据表明缺乏身份认同与不良的精神病治疗结果之间存在关系,但对身份认同受损与自杀风险中的情绪失调之间的联系仍未进行深入探讨,尤其是在寻求门诊心理健康服务的人群中。本研究使用了大量临床样本(n = 246)的数据,研究了缺乏身份认同与自杀之间的联系,以及情绪失调在这一过程中的作用。研究结果表明,情绪调节障碍显著地调节了缺乏认同感与未来自杀行为之间的关系,这一中介模型具有重要意义。此外,缺乏认同感对预期自杀行为的间接影响仍然显著,超出了一般痛苦和过去的自杀企图。我们的研究结果为研究缺乏认同感、情绪调节和自杀之间复杂关系的文献增添了新的内容。
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引用次数: 0
The Mediating Effects of Perceived Family Support in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Cross-Cultural Validation. 感知家庭支持在焦虑与问题智能手机使用关系中的中介作用:跨文化验证。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001738
Jiang Long, Yueheng Liu, Yingying Wang, Aurore Pottié, Aurélien Cornil, Jory Deleuze, Qiuxia Wu, Shubao Chen, Yuejiao Ma, Qianjin Wang, Yuzhu Hao, Jing Lu, Ilinca-Gabriela Radu, Tieqiao Liu, Joël Billieux

Abstract: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is frequently considered a public health issue, especially in East Asia and Europe. Yet, there is a paucity of research focusing on cultural and familial determinants of PSU. This cross-cultural study aimed to investigate smartphone usage patterns and possible mediating effects of perceived family support (PFS) from a stress-coping perspective. Convenience samples of 790 Chinese and 439 Belgian undergraduates completed an online survey that focused on sociodemographics and psychological variables ( i.e. , anxiety, depression, PFS, and PSU). In both samples, PSU was positively associated with anxiety and depression, and negatively associated with PFS. However, after controlling for sex and age in structural equation models, the consistent mediating effects of PFS were only found between anxiety and PSU in both cultural settings. These findings suggest that psychological interventions that take into account familial factors could be helpful for young people presenting with anxiety and PSU.

摘要:智能手机使用问题(PSU)经常被认为是一个公共卫生问题,特别是在东亚和欧洲。然而,关注PSU的文化和家族决定因素的研究却很缺乏。本研究旨在从压力应对的角度探讨智能手机使用模式及其可能的中介效应。790名中国大学生和439名比利时大学生完成了一项在线调查,主要关注社会人口统计学和心理变量(即焦虑、抑郁、PFS和PSU)。在这两个样本中,PSU与焦虑和抑郁呈正相关,与PFS负相关。然而,在结构方程模型中控制性别和年龄后,在两种文化背景下,焦虑和PSU之间只存在一致的中介效应。这些发现表明,考虑到家庭因素的心理干预可能对患有焦虑和PSU的年轻人有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
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