Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease最新文献

Introduction: This study examined the relationship between childhood trauma, alexithymia, and theory of mind (ToM) skills in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Statement of study type: This study is a cross-sectional, randomized controlled survey/scale study.

Methods: Ninety participants were divided into three groups: BPD patients with high trauma levels (n=30), BPD patients with low trauma levels (n=30), and healthy controls (n=30). Assessments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and a sociodemographic form.

Results: BPD patients had significantly higher childhood trauma exposure (p<.001), alexithymia (p<.001), and lower ToM skills (p<.001) than controls. No significant relationship was found between trauma scores and alexithymia (p=.937) or ToM skills (p=.461) within the BPD group.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that BPD itself may impair ToM skills independently of childhood trauma and alexithymia.

Introduction: This study examined adult psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension before admission who then had these diagnoses missing from discharge records.

Methods: We analyzed Medicaid records for adults admitted to inpatient psychiatry in New York State hospitals between 2012 and 2013. We included 6,381 patients with records indicating preexisting diabetes or hypertension in the 12 months before admission. Logistic regression analyses identified factors at the patient, hospital, and system levels related to detection or omission of the diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension upon hospital discharge.

Results: Preexisting diabetes or hypertension was missed in 29% and 36% among inpatients, respectively. Diagnoses were more frequently missed in people who were younger, experiencing homelessness, with fewer claims and with claims longer than 30 days before admission.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive admission processes in inpatient psychiatric settings to ensure appropriate detection and treatment of medical comorbidities.

Introduction: This study explores the correlation between immune inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD), focusing on immune-brain interactions impacting neurodevelopment and function.

Methods: Public genetic data were used to analyze 731 immune cell signals, employing two-sample Mendelian randomization, with multiple testing corrected by the Bonferroni-adjusted false discovery rate (FDR).

Results: Six immune phenotypes were identified as significantly increasing AD risk (effect sizes ranging from OR =1.038 to 1.123), including HLA DR on CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14-, HLA DR on CD14+ monocyte, CD4+ CD8dim T cells (% lymphocytes), CD33 on HLA DR on CD14+ CD16- monocyte, CD33 on CD33+ HLA-DR+ CD14dim cells and CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cell.

Conclusion: This study confirms the genetic association between specific immune cells and AD, highlighting potential immune-related biomarkers for AD risk.

Aim: Despite knowledge that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with increased risk for cannabis use, factors contributing to the co-occurrence of GAD and cannabis use remain understudied. The current study evaluated the contributions of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in terms of cannabis use and coping motives for use in individuals with clinically elevated worry.

Methods: Participants were 220 undergraduate students ( Mage = 19.44, SD = 2.46, range = 18-40; 82.3% female; 89.1% White) who completed self-report measures.

Results: When controlling for sex and negative affect, greater AS, but not IU, was significantly positively associated with greater frequency of past month cannabis use (4.4% variance) and coping motives for use (4.9% variance). AS-Social Concerns was significantly positively associated with coping motives for cannabis use in follow-up analyses (7.1% variance).

Conclusions: Intervention efforts aimed at reducing cannabis use among individuals at-risk for GAD may benefit from targeting AS.

Introduction: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) represents a relevant public health concern, with lifetime prevalence being high in community samples. The present study aimed to examine the latent associations between the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) superspectra and NSSI frequency and motivation.

Methods: A sample of 547 community-dwelling adult participants was administered measures of NSSI, NSSI functions, and psychopathology.

Results: The multiple indicators multiple causes model evidenced a significant and nontrivial contribution of the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation automatic function latent dimension in predicting the frequency of NSSI. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that the overall frequency of NSSI episodes was uniquely, significantly and positively predicted by the HiTOP Externalizing latent dimension scores. Notably, all FASM motivation factors yielded significant and nontrivial relationships with HiTOP Externalizing, Psychosis, and Emotion Dysfunction latent variables in SEM analyses.

Conclusions: These findings may prove useful in extending our knowledge of transdiagnostic psychopathology dimensions and their implications for NSSI.

Objective: We sought to examine the relationship between pastime activities (i.e., activity engagement), social connectedness with family and friends, and severity of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) symptoms across younger, middle-aged, and older adults.

Methods: The participants (N=105) were bereaved individuals who participated in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Living Memory Home study to determine the risks and benefits of an online tool for bereavement adjustment.

Results: Cross-sectional findings showed that engagement in pastime activities (e.g., travel, sports) was associated with greater social connectedness for older adults, and social connectedness was associated with lower PGD symptom severity. Engagement in pastime activities was associated with lower PGD symptom severity for middle-aged adults.

Conclusions: Results are consistent with the socioemotional selectivity theory and the microsociological theory of adjustment to loss and suggest that grief interventions should have age-specific strategies, encourage specific pastime activities, and promote feelings of social connectedness.

Introduction: The prevalence of PTSD in individuals who suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) following road traffic accidents (RTAs) has not been comprehensively reviewed.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO, and the meta-analyses were performed by the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA). JBI checklists were utilized for critical appraisal.

Results: The pooled prevalence of PTSD in TBI and SCI survivors of RTAs was 29.4% (95% CI: 22.7% - 37.3%). The rate of PTSD in adults was 29.3% (95% CI: 23.8% - 35.5%), and it was 30.9% (95% CI: 4.4% - 81.3%) in the children subgroup. Coping styles, previous employment, acute stress disorder, and reduced awareness are some of the reported risk factors. Future longitudinal studies should further investigate the prevalence and predictors of PTSD in RTAs to identify early diagnosis and prevention strategies.

Introduction: Prior research indicated intergenerational transmission of substance use behaviors via genetic mechanisms. However, there remain gaps in our understanding of these processes. There is a dearth of research examining parental drug use as a predictor of offspring illicit opioid use among justice-involved youth and age-graded effects.

Methods: The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed. Mixed effects modeling examined the direct effect of parent drug use history on offspring illicit opioid use risk and tested for moderation by age.

Results: Having a parent with a history of drug use predicted increased offspring's illicit opioid use risk, net of all control covariates. There was no significant interaction with age.

Conclusions: The impact of parent drug use history appears to exert a consistent effect on opioid use risk across the life-course. Justice-involved youth whose parents have a history of drug use should be prioritized for intervention to prevent opioid use.

Introduction: Discrepancies persist regarding burnout-depression-anxiety relationships in health care workers (HCWs), hindering interventions. This cross-sectional study developed a symptom-level network model to clarify their interconnections.

Methods: Nine hundred ninety-two HCWs completed online surveys assessing depression, anxiety, and burnout symptoms. A network model was constructed using bridge expected influence (BEI) to identify central symptoms and network comparisons to evaluate work-related stress impacts.

Results: The analysis identified "psychomotor problems" (BEI=0.96, 95% CI [0.78, 1.11]), "irritability" (BEI=0.85, 95% CI [0.68, 1.02]), and "collapse" (BEI=0.78, 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]) as central symptoms. Network comparison revealed no significant differences in the structure of symptom networks among varying levels of stress (global strength in high-stress condition: 13.50; moderate-stress condition: 13.06; S =0.44, p =.17).

Conclusions: Preliminary evidence indicates interventions targeting "psychomotor problems," "irritability," and "collapse" can be applied across varying stress levels. Targeting these symptoms might disrupt cross-diagnostic activation pathways to mitigate comorbidities in HCWs.

Introduction: Prodromal psychotic symptoms have been increasingly linked to childhood maltreatment, attachment insecurity, and alexithymia, particularly difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions.

Method and results: This study employed correlation network analysis to examine the interplay among early adversities, alexithymia, and prodromal psychosis symptoms in 93 adolescents (64% female) attending their first visit to a youth mental health center. Of these, 39% met the criteria for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The network identified difficulty identifying feelings, emotional abuse, and physical neglect as the most central nodes. Difficulty identifying feelings and general psychopathology emerged as key bridge nodes connecting symptom domains.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation and general psychological distress may mediate the pathway from child maltreatment to prodromal psychotic symptoms. These dimensions represent important targets for early intervention in at-risk adolescents.