Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease最新文献

Introduction: Prodromal psychotic symptoms have been increasingly linked to childhood maltreatment, attachment insecurity, and alexithymia, particularly difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions.

Method and results: This study employed correlation network analysis to examine the interplay among early adversities, alexithymia, and prodromal psychosis symptoms in 93 adolescents (64% female) attending their first visit to a youth mental health center. Of these, 39% met the criteria for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The network identified difficulty identifying feelings, emotional abuse, and physical neglect as the most central nodes. Difficulty identifying feelings and general psychopathology emerged as key bridge nodes connecting symptom domains.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation and general psychological distress may mediate the pathway from child maltreatment to prodromal psychotic symptoms. These dimensions represent important targets for early intervention in at-risk adolescents.

Abstract: This study aims to compare the quality of life and past suicide attempts of bipolar disorder (BD) patients with social media (SM) use. The study included 100 BD patients. All participants underwent assessments using the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST), Social Media Use Disorder Scale (SMDS), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Past suicidal behaviors were also noted. FAST scores in the SM group were significantly ( p <0.05) lower than those not using SM. The SF-36 scores in the group using SM were significantly higher ( p <0.05) than those not using SM. Previous suicide attempts did not affect SM usage. When considering the more frequent utilization of SM among patients with a history of suicide attempts, encouraging these patients to follow productive content in SM could be a way to reintegrate them into life.

Introduction: The paper presents reference values for the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and population-based lifetime and 12-month prevalences on suicide related thoughts and behaviors (STBs).

Methods: A representative sample of the general German population was assessed (n=2.513).

Results: Mean SBQ-R score was 3.8. Lifetime prevalence of STBs was 15.5% (n=388), with higher rates found in women and in middle-aged adults. Lifetime STBs were disclosed by 5.7% (n=142) of respondents. 12-month prevalence was 5.1%, with women showing higher rates.

Conclusions: The results enable other researchers to compare their data to representative reference values on a widely used measure for STBs. Future studies might address the problem of low disclosure of STBs as well as the impact of methodological aspects, such as wording, on prevalence rates.

Objective: Early-life trauma is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in young adulthood; although factors that contribute to PTSS are unclear, one factor may be Intolerance of uncertainty. In adults, trauma exposure may enhance IU and in turn, contribute to PTSS. Few studies have explored these associations in youth or considered the role of trauma type. This study examined these associations in a cohort of youth (ages 18-19) with varying trauma histories.

Methods: Participants (N = 129) completed validated measures of lifetime trauma exposure, IU, and PTSS. The unique effects of commonly endorsed trauma types were examined: sexual violence, physical abuse, emotional abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and caregiver separation.

Results: Sexual violence victimization was uniquely associated with higher IU, and IU mediated the relationship between sexual violence victimization and PTSS.

Conclusions: Heightened IU may be one pathway through which exposure to sexual violence increases risk for psychopathology.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and psychiatric comorbidities, but robust comparative data remain limited.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared psychiatric diagnoses and medication use among matched groups with fibromyalgia, chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls (total N=5,040), using data from a large national health care provider.

Results: Psychiatric disorders were most prevalent in fibromyalgia, followed by chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls. In fibromyalgia patients, anxiety (55.1%) and depression (48.7%) were predominant, accompanied by extensive medication use. Notably, fibromyalgia showed exceptionally high relative risks for Cluster B personality disorders (RR=34), personality disorders overall (RR=24), and PTSD (RR=22.75).

Conclusions: Fibromyalgia patients experience significantly elevated psychiatric comorbidities compared with other chronic conditions. Comprehensive and integrated multidisciplinary care strategies are necessary to address the distinct psychiatric burden associated with fibromyalgia. This study extends prior work by directly comparing fibromyalgia to other chronic conditions and identifying distinct psychiatric risk patterns in a culturally diverse national cohort.

Objective: Schizotypy, a trait vulnerability for psychotic disorders, is linked to social functioning deficits. Emotional contagion (the transfer of emotion between individuals) and emotional mimicry (the imitation of emotional expression) are key to social interactions but remain understudied in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This study examined schizotypy's influence on these processes while controlling for depression.

Methods: Sixty healthy participants completed a questionnaire assessing emotional contagion, emotional mimicry, schizotypy (SPQ-B), and depression (BDI-II). Emotional contagion was measured through self-reported emotions before and after emotional videos. Emotional mimicry was assessed by analyzing webcam-recorded facial expressions using OpenFace.

Results: Higher schizotypy correlated with increased sadness contagion and reduced joy contagion, though effects were nonsignificant when controlling for depression. Higher schizotypy was linked to decreased sadness mimicry.

Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of emotional processes in schizotypy and schizophrenia, emphasizing their potential impact on social interactions.

Introduction/trial design: We report a cross-sectional study pursuing the sources of information that lead individuals to judge that they had burnout.

Methods: An online survey in 2023 involved 903 Australians who judged they had burnout. Participants nominated their key symptoms, consulted sources, and completed the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT).

Results: Participants' own knowledge and awareness were the most nominated sources, while only 29.5% of sufferers received a diagnosis from a health professional. Those who consulted a health professional returned higher SBM and BAT scores and rates of physical symptoms, sleep changes and loss of executive function, suggesting greater syndrome severity. Participants nominated more symptoms than the three currently thought to define a burnout syndrome, but none were universally nominated.

Conclusions: Study findings challenge the dominant triadic model of burnout and assist in understanding why a clinical diagnosis of burnout is complex.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to adapt an anxiety sensitivity intervention for mobile health delivery to perinatal populations experiencing economic marginalization.

Methods: A community-engaged and user-centered design approach informed the prototype of Reaching Calm. We conducted "think-aloud" interviews with perinatal individuals (n=15) experiencing elevated anxiety and economic stressors. Acceptability and usability were assessed with the Treatment Evaluation Inventory Short Form (TEI-SF) and System Usability Scale (SUS), respectively. We used rapid qualitative analysis to analyze interviews and the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) to characterize adaptations.

Results: Mean TEI-SF and SUS scores were 4.3 and 88.0, respectively. Participants reported the content was helpful, values consistent, addressed cultural norms, and elicited feelings of reassurance. Recommendations included additions to content and options for customization. Adaptations included modifications to context and content.

Conclusions: Findings suggest high acceptability and usability. Community-engaged, user-centered design may enhance digital intervention acceptability for perinatal individuals.

The purpose of this article is to provide conceptual, technical, and practical explanations for why a single instrument can serve as a multi-purpose measure of grief. Our thesis is based on a conceptualization of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) as persistent, intense grief. We show how grief severity (i.e., a dimensional component) and persistence of intense grief based on the amount of time that has elapsed since the death (i.e., a temporal component) permit a reliable and accurate method for distinguishing pathological grief (i.e., PGD) from nonpathological grief. In principle, any instrument that assesses these basic dimensional and temporal aspects of grief adequately will suffice to assess grief and PGD. Psychiatric measurement tools can be adapted to fit essentially all applications aimed at assessing grief, both pathological and not.

Objective: Shared language erosion (SLE) may contribute to anxiety in Hispanic immigrant youth by increasing stress and parent-youth conflict. This study examined the relationship between SLE and anxiety, considering parent-youth conflict and youth perceived stress as possible mediating factors.

Methods: Data were collected from 107 Hispanic immigrant 7th-grade youth (53% females) and their parents (88% mothers). Path analysis was used to test the mediation model.

Results: Model fit was good: χ2(1) = 1.28, p = .26; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 1.00; and SRMR = 0.03. The effect of SLE on youth anxiety was fully mediated by youth perceived stress. In addition, SLE was associated with stress both directly and indirectly through parent-youth conflict.

Conclusions: Findings suggest SLE may be a contributing factor to anxiety among Hispanic immigrant youth and a novel intervention target to help reduce stress-related mental, emotional, and behavioral health problems among Hispanic immigrant youth-an increasing at-risk segment of the U.S. population.