Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease最新文献

Introduction: The prevalence of PTSD in individuals who suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI) following road traffic accidents (RTAs) has not been comprehensively reviewed.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO, and the meta-analyses were performed by the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA). JBI checklists were utilized for critical appraisal.

Results: The pooled prevalence of PTSD in TBI and SCI survivors of RTAs was 29.4% (95% CI: 22.7% - 37.3%). The rate of PTSD in adults was 29.3% (95% CI: 23.8% - 35.5%), and it was 30.9% (95% CI: 4.4% - 81.3%) in the children subgroup. Coping styles, previous employment, acute stress disorder, and reduced awareness are some of the reported risk factors. Future longitudinal studies should further investigate the prevalence and predictors of PTSD in RTAs to identify early diagnosis and prevention strategies.

Introduction: Prior research indicated intergenerational transmission of substance use behaviors via genetic mechanisms. However, there remain gaps in our understanding of these processes. There is a dearth of research examining parental drug use as a predictor of offspring illicit opioid use among justice-involved youth and age-graded effects.

Methods: The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed. Mixed effects modeling examined the direct effect of parent drug use history on offspring illicit opioid use risk and tested for moderation by age.

Results: Having a parent with a history of drug use predicted increased offspring's illicit opioid use risk, net of all control covariates. There was no significant interaction with age.

Conclusions: The impact of parent drug use history appears to exert a consistent effect on opioid use risk across the life-course. Justice-involved youth whose parents have a history of drug use should be prioritized for intervention to prevent opioid use.

Introduction: Discrepancies persist regarding burnout-depression-anxiety relationships in health care workers (HCWs), hindering interventions. This cross-sectional study developed a symptom-level network model to clarify their interconnections.

Methods: Nine hundred ninety-two HCWs completed online surveys assessing depression, anxiety, and burnout symptoms. A network model was constructed using bridge expected influence (BEI) to identify central symptoms and network comparisons to evaluate work-related stress impacts.

Results: The analysis identified "psychomotor problems" (BEI=0.96, 95% CI [0.78, 1.11]), "irritability" (BEI=0.85, 95% CI [0.68, 1.02]), and "collapse" (BEI=0.78, 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]) as central symptoms. Network comparison revealed no significant differences in the structure of symptom networks among varying levels of stress (global strength in high-stress condition: 13.50; moderate-stress condition: 13.06; S =0.44, p =.17).

Conclusions: Preliminary evidence indicates interventions targeting "psychomotor problems," "irritability," and "collapse" can be applied across varying stress levels. Targeting these symptoms might disrupt cross-diagnostic activation pathways to mitigate comorbidities in HCWs.

Introduction: Prodromal psychotic symptoms have been increasingly linked to childhood maltreatment, attachment insecurity, and alexithymia, particularly difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions.

Method and results: This study employed correlation network analysis to examine the interplay among early adversities, alexithymia, and prodromal psychosis symptoms in 93 adolescents (64% female) attending their first visit to a youth mental health center. Of these, 39% met the criteria for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The network identified difficulty identifying feelings, emotional abuse, and physical neglect as the most central nodes. Difficulty identifying feelings and general psychopathology emerged as key bridge nodes connecting symptom domains.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that difficulties in emotion regulation and general psychological distress may mediate the pathway from child maltreatment to prodromal psychotic symptoms. These dimensions represent important targets for early intervention in at-risk adolescents.

Abstract: This study aims to compare the quality of life and past suicide attempts of bipolar disorder (BD) patients with social media (SM) use. The study included 100 BD patients. All participants underwent assessments using the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST), Social Media Use Disorder Scale (SMDS), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Past suicidal behaviors were also noted. FAST scores in the SM group were significantly ( p <0.05) lower than those not using SM. The SF-36 scores in the group using SM were significantly higher ( p <0.05) than those not using SM. Previous suicide attempts did not affect SM usage. When considering the more frequent utilization of SM among patients with a history of suicide attempts, encouraging these patients to follow productive content in SM could be a way to reintegrate them into life.

Introduction: The paper presents reference values for the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and population-based lifetime and 12-month prevalences on suicide related thoughts and behaviors (STBs).

Methods: A representative sample of the general German population was assessed (n=2.513).

Results: Mean SBQ-R score was 3.8. Lifetime prevalence of STBs was 15.5% (n=388), with higher rates found in women and in middle-aged adults. Lifetime STBs were disclosed by 5.7% (n=142) of respondents. 12-month prevalence was 5.1%, with women showing higher rates.

Conclusions: The results enable other researchers to compare their data to representative reference values on a widely used measure for STBs. Future studies might address the problem of low disclosure of STBs as well as the impact of methodological aspects, such as wording, on prevalence rates.

Objective: Early-life trauma is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in young adulthood; although factors that contribute to PTSS are unclear, one factor may be Intolerance of uncertainty. In adults, trauma exposure may enhance IU and in turn, contribute to PTSS. Few studies have explored these associations in youth or considered the role of trauma type. This study examined these associations in a cohort of youth (ages 18-19) with varying trauma histories.

Methods: Participants (N = 129) completed validated measures of lifetime trauma exposure, IU, and PTSS. The unique effects of commonly endorsed trauma types were examined: sexual violence, physical abuse, emotional abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and caregiver separation.

Results: Sexual violence victimization was uniquely associated with higher IU, and IU mediated the relationship between sexual violence victimization and PTSS.

Conclusions: Heightened IU may be one pathway through which exposure to sexual violence increases risk for psychopathology.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and psychiatric comorbidities, but robust comparative data remain limited.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared psychiatric diagnoses and medication use among matched groups with fibromyalgia, chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls (total N=5,040), using data from a large national health care provider.

Results: Psychiatric disorders were most prevalent in fibromyalgia, followed by chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls. In fibromyalgia patients, anxiety (55.1%) and depression (48.7%) were predominant, accompanied by extensive medication use. Notably, fibromyalgia showed exceptionally high relative risks for Cluster B personality disorders (RR=34), personality disorders overall (RR=24), and PTSD (RR=22.75).

Conclusions: Fibromyalgia patients experience significantly elevated psychiatric comorbidities compared with other chronic conditions. Comprehensive and integrated multidisciplinary care strategies are necessary to address the distinct psychiatric burden associated with fibromyalgia. This study extends prior work by directly comparing fibromyalgia to other chronic conditions and identifying distinct psychiatric risk patterns in a culturally diverse national cohort.

Objective: Schizotypy, a trait vulnerability for psychotic disorders, is linked to social functioning deficits. Emotional contagion (the transfer of emotion between individuals) and emotional mimicry (the imitation of emotional expression) are key to social interactions but remain understudied in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This study examined schizotypy's influence on these processes while controlling for depression.

Methods: Sixty healthy participants completed a questionnaire assessing emotional contagion, emotional mimicry, schizotypy (SPQ-B), and depression (BDI-II). Emotional contagion was measured through self-reported emotions before and after emotional videos. Emotional mimicry was assessed by analyzing webcam-recorded facial expressions using OpenFace.

Results: Higher schizotypy correlated with increased sadness contagion and reduced joy contagion, though effects were nonsignificant when controlling for depression. Higher schizotypy was linked to decreased sadness mimicry.

Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of emotional processes in schizotypy and schizophrenia, emphasizing their potential impact on social interactions.

Introduction/trial design: We report a cross-sectional study pursuing the sources of information that lead individuals to judge that they had burnout.

Methods: An online survey in 2023 involved 903 Australians who judged they had burnout. Participants nominated their key symptoms, consulted sources, and completed the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT).

Results: Participants' own knowledge and awareness were the most nominated sources, while only 29.5% of sufferers received a diagnosis from a health professional. Those who consulted a health professional returned higher SBM and BAT scores and rates of physical symptoms, sleep changes and loss of executive function, suggesting greater syndrome severity. Participants nominated more symptoms than the three currently thought to define a burnout syndrome, but none were universally nominated.

Conclusions: Study findings challenge the dominant triadic model of burnout and assist in understanding why a clinical diagnosis of burnout is complex.