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Study of ZnO nanoparticle-doped dental adhesives on enamels with fluorosis: Electron microscopy, elemental composition and shear bond strength analysis 掺杂氧化锌纳米粒子的牙科粘合剂对氟化搪瓷的影响研究:电子显微镜、元素组成和剪切粘接强度分析。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13353
Rafael Álvarez-Chimal, César Rodríguez-Cruz, Carlos Alvarez-Gayosso, Jesús A. Arenas-Alatorre
<p>This study aimed to evaluate dental adhesives containing different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for their use in the treatment of dental fluorosis, observe the interaction of the adhesive on healthy enamel surfaces and with mild and moderate fluorosis, measure the adhesive strength and fluorosis, and determine the phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) content on these surfaces, as a reference for the potential use of this adhesive with ZnO-NPs for dental fluorosis treatment.</p><p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterise the ZnO-NPs and analyse the weight percentages of P and Ca in the enamel using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the adhesive strength using a universal mechanical testing machine.</p><p>FESEM characterisation revealed that the ZnO-NPs were less than 100 nm in size, with quasi-spherical and hexagonal prism shapes. The synthesis of the ZnO-NPs was confirmed by TEM, revealing their hexagonal crystalline structure. The adhesive strength by the universal mechanical testing machine showed that the adhesive with a 3% wt. concentration of ZnO-NPs was better in the three groups of teeth, showing higher adhesive strength in teeth with mild (15.15 MPa) and moderate (12.76 MPa) fluorosis surfaces, and was even higher than that in healthy teeth (9.65 MPa).</p><p>EDS analysis showed that teeth with mild and moderate fluorosis had the highest weight percentages of P and Ca, but there were no statistically significant differences compared to healthy teeth and teeth treated with adhesives.</p><p><b>Lay description</b>: This study focused on testing a new dental adhesive containing small particles called ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). This study aimed to demonstrate whether this adhesive with ZnO-NPs could be useful for treating dental fluorosis by improving its adhesion to teeth.</p><p>One of the first objectives was to determine whether the dental adhesive could adhere better to teeth affected by mild or moderate fluorosis than to healthy teeth by measuring whether the levels of two important elements for healthy teeth, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), were affected by the adhesive.</p><p>The size and shape of the small particles and teeth with mild or moderate fluorosis were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The nanoparticles were small (< 100 nm) and had specific quasi-spherical and hexagonal prismatic shapes. More damage to the enamel was observed in teeth with mild or moderate fluorosis than in healthy teeth.</p><p>The adhesive strength test demonstrated that the dental adhesive with 3% ZnO-NPs had the best adhesion on all healthy conditions of teeth. It was particularly effective in teeth with mild or moderate fluorosis.</p><p>Finally, the evaluation of the levels of P and Ca on the enamel showed that teeth with fluorosis had higher levels of these elements, but using the dental adhesive with ZnO-NPs did not change
本研究旨在评估含有不同浓度氧化锌纳米粒子(ZnO-NPs)的牙科粘合剂在氟斑牙治疗中的应用,观察粘合剂与健康珐琅质表面以及轻度和中度氟斑牙表面的相互作用,测量粘合剂的强度和氟斑牙,并测定这些表面的磷(P)和钙(Ca)含量,为这种含有 ZnO-NPs 的粘合剂在氟斑牙治疗中的潜在应用提供参考。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对 ZnO-NPs 进行表征,并使用 X 射线能量色散光谱(EDS)分析珐琅质中磷(P)和钙(Ca)的重量百分比,以及使用通用机械试验机分析粘合强度。FESEM 表征显示,ZnO-NPs 的尺寸小于 100 nm,形状为准球形和六方棱柱形。ZnO-NPs 的合成得到了 TEM 的证实,显示了其六方晶体结构。万能机械试验机的粘接强度表明,在三组牙齿中,重量浓度为 3% 的 ZnO-NPs 粘合剂的粘接强度更好,在轻度(15.15 兆帕)和中度(12.76 兆帕)氟斑牙表面的粘接强度更高,甚至高于健康牙齿(9.65 兆帕)。EDS 分析表明,轻度和中度氟斑牙中 P 和 Ca 的重量百分比最高,但与健康牙齿和用粘合剂处理过的牙齿相比,没有显著的统计学差异。铺垫说明:本研究重点测试了一种新型牙科粘合剂,该粘合剂含有被称为氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO-NPs)的小颗粒。这项研究旨在证明这种含有 ZnO-NPs 的粘合剂是否可以通过提高其对牙齿的粘附力来治疗氟斑牙。研究的首要目标之一是通过测量健康牙齿的两种重要元素--钙(Ca)和磷(P)的含量是否受到粘合剂的影响,确定牙科粘合剂与健康牙齿相比,是否能更好地粘合受轻度或中度氟斑牙影响的牙齿。使用扫描电子显微镜观察了小颗粒和轻度或中度氟斑牙的大小和形状。纳米颗粒很小(< 100 nm),具有特定的准球形和六角棱柱形。与健康牙齿相比,轻度或中度氟斑牙的珐琅质受到的损害更大。粘接强度测试表明,含 3% ZnO-NPs 的牙科粘合剂在所有健康牙齿上的粘接效果最好。它对轻度或中度氟斑牙尤其有效。最后,对牙釉质上 P 和 Ca 含量的评估表明,氟斑牙中这些元素的含量较高,但使用含 ZnO-NPs 的牙科粘合剂并没有显著改变这些元素的含量,因为粘合剂对这些表面的粘附力更强,从而避免了更大程度的脱落。总之,在牙科粘合剂中添加这些小颗粒可能是治疗氟斑牙的一种选择。它的粘附性很好,而且不会影响牙齿中重要元素的含量。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to “Comparison of holotomographic microscopy and coherence-controlled holographic microscopy” 全息显微镜和相干控制全息显微镜的比较 "的更正。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13354

Chvalova, V., Vomastek, T., & Grousl, T. (2024). Comparison of holotomographic microscopy and coherence-controlled holographic microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, 294(1), 5–13. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmi.13260

In the Acknowledgements, the grant number “Ministry of Health project NU22-03-00197 (to TV)” was incorrect. This should have read: “Ministry of Health project NU23-03-00557 (to TV)”.

We apologise for this error.

Chvalova, V., Vomastek, T., & Grousl, T. (2024)。全息显微镜和相干控制全息显微镜的比较。显微镜杂志》,294(1),5-13。 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jmi.13260In 致谢中,"卫生部项目 NU22-03-00197(给电视台)"的拨款编号有误,应改为:"卫生部项目 NU22-03-00197(给电视台)"。应改为"我们对此错误深表歉意。
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引用次数: 0
An alignment algorithm using coherent twin boundaries as internal reference in 3D-EBSD 在 3D-EBSD 中使用相干孪生边界作为内部参考的配准算法。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13352
Heng Li, Shuang Xia, Qin Bai, Tingguang Liu, Yong Zhang

A three-dimensional (3D) microstructural volume is reconstructed from a stack of two-dimensional sections which was obtained by serial sectioning coupled with electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) mapping of a 316L austenitic stainless steel. A new alignment algorithm named linear translation by minimising the indicator (LTMI) is proposed to reduce the translational misalignments between adjacent sections by referencing to coherent twin boundaries which are flat and lying on {111} planes. The angular difference between the measured orientation of a flat twin boundary and that of the {111} plane is used as an indicator of the accuracy of the alignment operations. This indicator is minimised through linear translations of the centroids of triangular facets, which constitute grain boundaries at a distance not restricted by the in-plane step size of the EBSD maps. And hence the systematic trend in the translational misalignments can be effectively reduced. The LTMI alignment procedure proposed herein effectively corrects the misalignments remained by other methods on a 3D-EBSD data prepared using serial sectioning methods. The accuracy in distinguishing between coherent and incoherent twin boundaries is significantly improved.

通过对 316L 奥氏体不锈钢进行连续切片和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)绘图,从二维切片堆栈中重建了三维(3D)微结构体。我们提出了一种名为 "最小化指标线性平移(LTMI)"的新配准算法,通过参照平坦且位于{111}面上的相干孪晶边界来减少相邻切片之间的平移错位。平面孪晶边界的测量方向与{111}平面的测量方向之间的角度差被用作对准操作精度的指标。该指标通过三角形面中心点的线性平移最小化,三角形面构成晶界的距离不受 EBSD 地图面内步长的限制。因此可以有效地减少平移错位的系统趋势。本文提出的 LTMI 配准程序可以有效地纠正其他方法在使用序列切片方法制备的三维 EBSD 数据上残留的错位。区分相干和非相干孪晶边界的准确性显著提高。
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引用次数: 0
TOC - Issue Information TOC - 发行信息
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13202
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Ag M4,5 EELS edge to study silver nanoparticle corrosion 分析 Ag M4,5 EELS 边缘以研究银纳米粒子腐蚀。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13348
JC Brennan, DA MacLaren

Electron energy loss spectra collected from fresh and corroded silver nanoparticles are compared with those from a number of reference materials, focusing on the M4,5 edge. Chemical shifts and changes in the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) are described and found to be sufficient to distinguish metallic silver from chemically oxidised silver. The measurements, in conjunction with electron energy loss spectrum imaging, are used to assess the mechanisms for atmospheric corrosion of silver nanoparticles. We unambiguously assign the corrosion product under atmospheric conditions to be silver sulphide, but show the reaction process to be distinctly inhomogeneous, producing a variety of types of corroded particles.

LAY DESCRIPTION: >Here, we use analytical electron microscopy to track the corrosion of silver nanoparticles and present chemical maps of the corrosion products. We show clear spectroscopic differences between metallic and corroded silver using the M4,5 electron energy loss spectral feature, which is not commonly studied. Our study shows that corrosion is due to interactions with sulphur in the atmosphere; and the corrosion is not uniform, but appears to develop from specific points on the surface of the nanoparticles.

将从新鲜和腐蚀的银纳米粒子中收集到的电子能量损失光谱与一些参考材料中的电子能量损失光谱进行了比较,重点是 M4,5 边缘。描述了化学位移和边缘结构附近能量损失(ELNES)的变化,发现这些变化足以区分金属银和化学氧化银。测量结果与电子能量损失频谱成像相结合,可用于评估银纳米粒子的大气腐蚀机制。我们明确地将大气条件下的腐蚀产物定为硫化银,但显示反应过程明显不均匀,产生了各种类型的腐蚀颗粒。铺设说明:>在这里,我们使用分析电子显微镜跟踪纳米银颗粒的腐蚀过程,并展示了腐蚀产物的化学图谱。我们利用M4,5电子能量损失光谱特征显示了金属银和腐蚀银之间明显的光谱差异,而这种差异并不常见。我们的研究表明,腐蚀是由于与大气中的硫相互作用造成的;而且腐蚀并不均匀,似乎是从纳米粒子表面的特定点开始发展的。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of reinforcement particle size on the corrosion and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered aluminium matrix composites 增强粒度对火花等离子烧结铝基复合材料的腐蚀和机械性能的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13350
Behzad Sadeghi, Pasquale Cavaliere, Mohsen Sanayei

In this study, the effects of different sizes of reinforcing particles on the corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of aluminium (Al)-based composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are analysed. In the study, the effects of SPS parameters, including electrical power, applied pressure and sintering temperature, on the consolidation process and microstructure evolution of the composite are closely investigated. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between the sintering conditions and the properties of the particles, which in turn determine the sintering dynamics and the formation of the microstructural features. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates a remarkable influence of particle size distribution on the hardness of the composites, showing an initial improvement with the introduction of nanoparticles, followed by a slight decrease as the balance between nano- and micron-sized Al2O3 particles shifts. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study demonstrates the influence of particle dimensions on the change of grain boundaries and the spatial arrangement of the composite matrix. Electrochemical experiments in a 0.1 M NaCl solution show a consistent corrosion potential (Ecorr) across all samples, while the current densities associated with corrosion (icorr) show considerable variation. The presence of nano-sized Al2O3 particles was found to increase corrosion resistance, in contrast to the detrimental effects observed with larger microparticles. In particular, composites with a bimodal distribution of particle sizes showed a 3.5-fold increase in corrosion resistance compared to pure Al. The specific Al-2n8mAl2O3 composite that exhibited active electrochemical properties at elevated potentials without a defined passivation range emphasises the significant role of particle size. This study draws attention to bimodal microstructures as a promising route to achieving uniformity and improved corrosion resistance in Al matrix composites, while pointing to the need for further research to fully elucidate the operative mechanisms.

本研究分析了不同尺寸的增强颗粒对火花等离子烧结(SPS)法生产的铝(Al)基复合材料的腐蚀行为和机械性能的影响。研究还密切关注了 SPS 参数(包括电功率、施加压力和烧结温度)对复合材料固结过程和微观结构演变的影响。研究结果表明,烧结条件与颗粒特性之间存在微妙的关系,而颗粒特性又决定了烧结动力学和微观结构特征的形成。对机械性能的评估表明,粒度分布对复合材料的硬度有显著影响,随着纳米颗粒的引入,硬度最初有所提高,但随着纳米和微米尺寸 Al2O3 颗粒之间平衡的改变,硬度略有下降。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究表明了颗粒尺寸对晶界变化和复合基体空间排列的影响。在 0.1 M NaCl 溶液中进行的电化学实验表明,所有样品都具有一致的腐蚀电位(Ecorr),而与腐蚀相关的电流密度(icorr)则显示出相当大的差异。研究发现,纳米级 Al2O3 粒子的存在可提高耐腐蚀性,而较大的微粒子则会产生不利影响。特别是,与纯铝相比,颗粒大小呈双峰分布的复合材料的耐腐蚀性提高了 3.5 倍。特定的 Al-2n8mAl2O3 复合材料在高电位下表现出活跃的电化学特性,而没有确定的钝化范围,这强调了颗粒大小的重要作用。这项研究提请人们注意双模微结构是实现铝基复合材料均匀性和提高耐腐蚀性的一条可行途径,同时指出需要进一步研究以充分阐明其作用机制。
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引用次数: 0
Annotation and automated segmentation of single-molecule localisation microscopy data 单分子定位显微镜数据的注释和自动分割。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13349
Oliver Umney, Joanna Leng, Gianluca Canettieri, Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo, Hayley Slaney, Philip Quirke, Michelle Peckham, Alistair Curd

Single Molecule Localisation Microscopy (SMLM) is becoming a widely used technique in cell biology. After processing the images, the molecular localisations are typically stored in a table as xy (or xyz) coordinates, with additional information, such as number of photons, etc. This set of coordinates can be used to generate an image to visualise the molecular distribution, for example, a 2D or 3D histogram of localisations. Many different methods have been devised to analyse SMLM data, among which cluster analysis of the localisations is popular. However, it can be useful to first segment the data, to extract the localisations in a specific region of a cell or in individual cells, prior to downstream analysis. Here we describe a pipeline for annotating localisations in an SMLM dataset in which we compared membrane segmentation approaches, including Otsu thresholding and machine learning models, and subsequent cell segmentation. We used an SMLM dataset derived from dSTORM images of sectioned cell pellets, stained for the membrane proteins EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and EREG (epiregulin) as a test dataset. We found that a Cellpose model retrained on our data performed the best in the membrane segmentation task, allowing us to perform downstream cluster analysis of membrane versus cell interior localisations. We anticipate this will be generally useful for SMLM analysis.

单分子定位显微镜(SMLM)正在成为细胞生物学中广泛使用的技术。处理图像后,分子定位通常以 xy(或 xyz)坐标的形式存储在表格中,并附带光子数等附加信息。这组坐标可用于生成可视化分子分布的图像,例如定位的二维或三维直方图。目前已设计出许多不同的方法来分析 SMLM 数据,其中定位的聚类分析比较流行。不过,在进行下游分析之前,首先对数据进行分割,提取细胞特定区域或单个细胞中的定位,可能会有所帮助。在这里,我们描述了在 SMLM 数据集中注释定位的流程,其中我们比较了膜分离方法(包括大津阈值化和机器学习模型)和后续的细胞分割。我们使用了一个 SMLM 数据集,该数据集来自对表皮生长因子受体和表皮生长因子蛋白进行染色的细胞颗粒切片 dSTORM 图像。我们发现,根据我们的数据重新训练的 Cellpose 模型在膜分离任务中表现最佳,使我们能够对膜与细胞内部定位进行下游聚类分析。我们预计这对 SMLM 分析普遍有用。
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引用次数: 0
Surpassing light inhomogeneities in structured-illumination microscopy with FlexSIM 利用 FlexSIM 解决结构照明显微镜中的光不均匀问题。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13344
Emmanuel Soubies, Alejandro Nogueron, Florence Pelletier, Thomas Mangeat, Christophe Leterrier, Michael Unser, Daniel Sage

Super-resolution structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful technique that allows one to surpass the diffraction limit by up to a factor two. Yet, its practical use is hampered by its sensitivity to imaging conditions which makes it prone to reconstruction artefacts. In this work, we present FlexSIM, a flexible SIM reconstruction method capable to handle highly challenging data. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability of FlexSIM to deal with the distortion of patterns, the high level of noise encountered in live imaging, as well as out-of-focus fluorescence. Moreover, we show that FlexSIM achieves state-of-the-art performance over a variety of open SIM datasets.

超分辨结构照明显微镜(SIM)是一种强大的技术,可使衍射极限提高两倍。然而,它对成像条件的敏感性使其在实际应用中容易产生重建伪影。在这项工作中,我们提出了 FlexSIM,一种能够处理高难度数据的灵活 SIM 重建方法。具体来说,我们展示了 FlexSIM 处理图案失真、现场成像中遇到的高水平噪声以及焦外荧光的能力。此外,我们还展示了 FlexSIM 在各种开放 SIM 数据集上实现的一流性能。
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引用次数: 0
TOC - Issue Information TOC - 发行信息
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13201
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning for quantifying spatial patterning and formation process of early differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells with micropattern images 利用微图案图像进行深度学习,量化早期分化的人类诱导多能干细胞的空间图案和形成过程。
IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 MICROSCOPY Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13346
Slo-Li Chu, Kuniya Abe, Hideo Yokota, Dooseon Cho, Yohei Hayashi, Ming-Dar Tsai

Micropatterning is reliable method for quantifying pluripotency of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that differentiate to form a spatial pattern of sorted, ordered and nonoverlapped three germ layers on the micropattern. In this study, we propose a deep learning method to quantify spatial patterning of the germ layers in the early differentiation stage of hiPSCs using micropattern images. We propose decoding and encoding U-net structures learning labelled Hoechst (DNA-stained) hiPSC regions with corresponding Hoechst and bright-field micropattern images to segment hiPSCs on Hoechst or bright-field images. We also propose a U-net structure to extract extraembryonic regions on a micropattern, and an algorithm to compares intensities of the fluorescence images staining respective germ-layer cells and extract their regions. The proposed method thus can quantify the pluripotency of a hiPSC line with spatial patterning including cell numbers, areas and distributions of germ-layer and extraembryonic cells on a micropattern, and reveal the formation process of hiPSCs and germ layers in the early differentiation stage by segmenting live-cell bright-field images. In our assay, the cell-number accuracy achieved 86% and 85%, and the cell region accuracy 89% and 81% for segmenting Hoechst and bright-field micropattern images, respectively. Applications to micropattern images of multiple hiPSC lines, micropattern sizes, groups of markers, living and fixed cells show the proposed method can be expected to be a useful protocol and tool to quantify pluripotency of a new hiPSC line before providing it to the scientific community.

微图案化是量化人类诱导多能干细胞(hiPSCs)多能性的可靠方法,这些细胞分化后会在微图案上形成排序、有序和不重叠的三个胚层空间图案。在本研究中,我们提出了一种深度学习方法,利用微图案图像量化 hiPSC 早期分化阶段胚芽层的空间图案。我们提出了解码和编码 U-net 结构的方法,通过学习标记了 Hoechst(DNA 染色)的 hiPSC 区域与相应的 Hoechst 和明视野微图案图像,来分割 Hoechst 或明视野图像上的 hiPSC。我们还提出了一种 U 型网络结构,用于提取微图案上的胚外区域,以及一种比较各胚层细胞染色荧光图像强度并提取其区域的算法。因此,所提出的方法可以量化具有空间图案的 hiPSC 株系的多能性,包括微图案上胚层和胚外细胞的数量、面积和分布,并通过分割活细胞明视野图像揭示分化早期 hiPSC 和胚层的形成过程。在我们的实验中,分割 Hoechst 和明视野微图案图像的细胞数准确率分别达到 86% 和 85%,细胞区域准确率分别达到 89% 和 81%。对多个 hiPSC 品系、微图案大小、标记群、活细胞和固定细胞的微图案图像的应用表明,在向科学界提供新的 hiPSC 品系之前,所提出的方法有望成为量化该品系多能性的有用方案和工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of microscopy
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