Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993047
S. Julrat, S. Trabelsi
Abstract Foreign-material content determination in uncleaned peanuts based on dielectric properties and bulk density measurements by microwave techniques is presented in this paper. A microwave free-space transmission technique was used at 10 GHz. Two measurement systems for measuring the dielectric properties of cleaned unshelled peanuts (nine-peanut pods) and uncleaned unshelled peanuts placed in polycarbonate sample holder (12.1 cm × 21 cm × 20.5 cm) were developed and integrated in one single measuring unit. The nine-peanut-pods system provided the cleaned unshelled peanuts moisture content which was used in the algorithms for foreign material content determination. The dielectric properties and bulk density measurements of the uncleaned unshelled peanut sample were related to the foreign-material content. These parameters, namely bulk density and dielectric properties of uncleaned peanuts and cleaned unshelled moisture content were supplied to machine learning algorithms, linear regression technique and artificial neural network algorithms. Results obtained with the artificial neural network algorithm showed the best estimate of foreign material content with a standard error of performance of 1.36% compared to that obtained with the linear regression algorithm with a standard of performance of 2.39%.
摘要本文介绍了利用微波介电特性和容重测量技术测定花生中杂质含量的方法。在10ghz频段采用了微波自由空间传输技术。开发了两种测量系统,分别用于测量清洗后的脱壳花生(9粒花生荚)和置于聚碳酸酯样品架(12.1 cm × 21 cm × 20.5 cm)中的未清洗脱壳花生的介电特性,并将其集成在一个测量单元中。九个花生豆荚系统提供了清洗后的去壳花生水分含量,用于异物含量测定算法。未清洗花生脱壳样品的介电性能和容重测量与杂质含量有关。这些参数,即未清洗花生的体积密度和介电性能以及清洗后的去壳水分含量,提供给机器学习算法、线性回归技术和人工神经网络算法。人工神经网络算法对外来物质含量的最佳估计性能标准误差为1.36%,而线性回归算法的性能标准误差为2.39%。
{"title":"Determination of foreign-material content in uncleaned peanuts by microwave measurements and machine learning techniques","authors":"S. Julrat, S. Trabelsi","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1993047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1993047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Foreign-material content determination in uncleaned peanuts based on dielectric properties and bulk density measurements by microwave techniques is presented in this paper. A microwave free-space transmission technique was used at 10 GHz. Two measurement systems for measuring the dielectric properties of cleaned unshelled peanuts (nine-peanut pods) and uncleaned unshelled peanuts placed in polycarbonate sample holder (12.1 cm × 21 cm × 20.5 cm) were developed and integrated in one single measuring unit. The nine-peanut-pods system provided the cleaned unshelled peanuts moisture content which was used in the algorithms for foreign material content determination. The dielectric properties and bulk density measurements of the uncleaned unshelled peanut sample were related to the foreign-material content. These parameters, namely bulk density and dielectric properties of uncleaned peanuts and cleaned unshelled moisture content were supplied to machine learning algorithms, linear regression technique and artificial neural network algorithms. Results obtained with the artificial neural network algorithm showed the best estimate of foreign material content with a standard error of performance of 1.36% compared to that obtained with the linear regression algorithm with a standard of performance of 2.39%.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"143 1","pages":"3 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77518142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993044
W. Yuanyuan, Lan Junqing, Y. Fengming, H. Tao, Yang Yang, Zhu Huacheng, Tang Zhengming
Abstract As a clean energy, microwaves have been widely used in thermal engineering. However, in the traditional microwave heating process, it is difficult to obtain high heating efficiency and uniformity. In this paper, a novel multi-port sweep frequency heating method is proposed to solve this problem. Multi-physics modelling and experiment are carried out to study the mechanism, efficiency, and uniformity of multi-port sweep frequency heating. The simulation and experimental results agree well, which demonstrates the proposed method can make heating more efficient and uniform. In addition, important factors affecting the heating efficiency and uniformity are also discussed, including the multi-port and frequency sweep effects, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves, and the bandwidth of the sweep frequency. This study can help us make better use of microwave energy.
{"title":"Study of the high heating efficiency and uniformity by multi-port sweep frequency microwave irradiations","authors":"W. Yuanyuan, Lan Junqing, Y. Fengming, H. Tao, Yang Yang, Zhu Huacheng, Tang Zhengming","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1993044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1993044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As a clean energy, microwaves have been widely used in thermal engineering. However, in the traditional microwave heating process, it is difficult to obtain high heating efficiency and uniformity. In this paper, a novel multi-port sweep frequency heating method is proposed to solve this problem. Multi-physics modelling and experiment are carried out to study the mechanism, efficiency, and uniformity of multi-port sweep frequency heating. The simulation and experimental results agree well, which demonstrates the proposed method can make heating more efficient and uniform. In addition, important factors affecting the heating efficiency and uniformity are also discussed, including the multi-port and frequency sweep effects, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves, and the bandwidth of the sweep frequency. This study can help us make better use of microwave energy.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"316 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74698184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1995954
J. Aguilar-Garib
{"title":"Editor message: farewell to our friend Bob Schiffmann","authors":"J. Aguilar-Garib","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1995954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1995954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"29 4","pages":"271 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72498439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993046
Robert Tempke, Liam A Thomas, Christina Wildfire, D. Shekhawat, T. Musho
Abstract This study investigates the application of artificial neural networks to determine the complex dielectric material properties derived from experimental VNA scattering parameter measurements. The study utilizes a finite element approach to synthetically generate data to train the neural network. The neural network was trained using a supervised learning approach and validated using experimental measurement data. The frequency range of interest was between 0.1 and 13.5 GHz with the real part of the dielectric constants ranging from 1 − 100 and the imaginary part ranging from 0 − 0.2. This modelling approach decreases the uncertainty when compared to existing inverse approaches. This approach demonstrates a general framework that can be used for converting experimental or computational derived scattering parameters to complex permittivities.
{"title":"Machine learning approach to transform scattering parameters to complex permittivities","authors":"Robert Tempke, Liam A Thomas, Christina Wildfire, D. Shekhawat, T. Musho","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1993046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1993046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the application of artificial neural networks to determine the complex dielectric material properties derived from experimental VNA scattering parameter measurements. The study utilizes a finite element approach to synthetically generate data to train the neural network. The neural network was trained using a supervised learning approach and validated using experimental measurement data. The frequency range of interest was between 0.1 and 13.5 GHz with the real part of the dielectric constants ranging from 1 − 100 and the imaginary part ranging from 0 − 0.2. This modelling approach decreases the uncertainty when compared to existing inverse approaches. This approach demonstrates a general framework that can be used for converting experimental or computational derived scattering parameters to complex permittivities.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"64 1","pages":"287 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82530652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993048
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir, M. Jacob, K. Leong, Long Cheng, B. Cullen, G. Brodie
Abstract Dielectric properties of any particular material will determine the level of microwave (MW) heating. Therefore, measurement of the dielectric properties of MW treatment subject materials is necessary. This study investigated the dielectric properties of six roughages and three concentrate animal feeds across the microwave frequency range of 1 × 109 to 5 × 109 Hz. Six treatment groups, named control (at equilibrium moisture constant), oven dried (0% moisture), 25% moisture added, 50% moisture added, 75% moisture added, and 100% moisture added groups were prepared for the study. Three separate replications and five observations for each replication were used to assess the dielectric properties of these materials. The results showed that for increasing moisture content, from oven-dried, though the control status, to 100% added moisture, both the dielectric constant (real part) and the dielectric loss factor (imaginary part) increased for both the roughages and concentrates. However, the responses were not linear. The oven-dried plant samples' dielectric properties were very low compared with those of the higher moisture content samples. Thus, the sample's moisture content was the dominant contributor to the feed samples' dielectric behavior. Among all the feed samples, faba bean and wheat grain showed the highest response to added moisture. Mathematical models were developed to explain the dielectric properties of feeds as a function of frequency and moisture content. The goodness of fit (r2) for these models' real part varied between 0.85–0.99 for roughage and 0.98–0.99 for concentrate feed type. On the other hand, the goodness of fit for the imaginary part varied between 0.59–0.78 for roughage, and 0.81–0.93 for concentrate feeds.
{"title":"Measurement and modelling of dielectric properties of different animal feed resources as a function of feed type and moisture content","authors":"Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir, M. Jacob, K. Leong, Long Cheng, B. Cullen, G. Brodie","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1993048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1993048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dielectric properties of any particular material will determine the level of microwave (MW) heating. Therefore, measurement of the dielectric properties of MW treatment subject materials is necessary. This study investigated the dielectric properties of six roughages and three concentrate animal feeds across the microwave frequency range of 1 × 109 to 5 × 109 Hz. Six treatment groups, named control (at equilibrium moisture constant), oven dried (0% moisture), 25% moisture added, 50% moisture added, 75% moisture added, and 100% moisture added groups were prepared for the study. Three separate replications and five observations for each replication were used to assess the dielectric properties of these materials. The results showed that for increasing moisture content, from oven-dried, though the control status, to 100% added moisture, both the dielectric constant (real part) and the dielectric loss factor (imaginary part) increased for both the roughages and concentrates. However, the responses were not linear. The oven-dried plant samples' dielectric properties were very low compared with those of the higher moisture content samples. Thus, the sample's moisture content was the dominant contributor to the feed samples' dielectric behavior. Among all the feed samples, faba bean and wheat grain showed the highest response to added moisture. Mathematical models were developed to explain the dielectric properties of feeds as a function of frequency and moisture content. The goodness of fit (r2) for these models' real part varied between 0.85–0.99 for roughage and 0.98–0.99 for concentrate feed type. On the other hand, the goodness of fit for the imaginary part varied between 0.59–0.78 for roughage, and 0.81–0.93 for concentrate feeds.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":"273 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993045
B. Mohammadi, M. Sadegh, Homa Soleimani
Abstract Considering the importance of the embryonic stage, we investigated the brain and serum ADA of offspring chronically exposed to low and high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF-LF/HF) during their embryonic period. Male and female rats were randomly selected for mating. After mating, the females were divided into four groups. The first group was exposed to extremely EMF-LF (50 Hz) through a solenoid for 30 minutes per day, the second group was constantly exposed to EMF-HF (900 MHz) via a cell phone, the third group (sham) was placed inside solenoid without any exposure, and the last group (control) was placed in their cage. The brain and serum samples of offspring (6 females and 6 males in each group) were collected four weeks after birth. ADA was measured by a specific enzymatic kit and a spectrophotometer. Exposure to EMF-LF (1.5 mT) was significantly increased the brain ADA activity in both male and female offspring. In addition, long-term HF exposure significantly enhanced serum ADA activity in males in compared with control group but, the brain ADA level was increased significantly in both genders(p < 0.01). The present study revealed alterations in the serum and brain ADA following embryonic exposure to HF and ELF. These alterations depended on gender, frequency and wave intensity.
{"title":"Prenatal chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields modulated adenosine deaminase activity in serum and brain of Wistar rats’ offspring","authors":"B. Mohammadi, M. Sadegh, Homa Soleimani","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1993045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1993045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considering the importance of the embryonic stage, we investigated the brain and serum ADA of offspring chronically exposed to low and high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF-LF/HF) during their embryonic period. Male and female rats were randomly selected for mating. After mating, the females were divided into four groups. The first group was exposed to extremely EMF-LF (50 Hz) through a solenoid for 30 minutes per day, the second group was constantly exposed to EMF-HF (900 MHz) via a cell phone, the third group (sham) was placed inside solenoid without any exposure, and the last group (control) was placed in their cage. The brain and serum samples of offspring (6 females and 6 males in each group) were collected four weeks after birth. ADA was measured by a specific enzymatic kit and a spectrophotometer. Exposure to EMF-LF (1.5 mT) was significantly increased the brain ADA activity in both male and female offspring. In addition, long-term HF exposure significantly enhanced serum ADA activity in males in compared with control group but, the brain ADA level was increased significantly in both genders(p < 0.01). The present study revealed alterations in the serum and brain ADA following embryonic exposure to HF and ELF. These alterations depended on gender, frequency and wave intensity.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"76 1","pages":"303 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85564360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1952833
S. Srikant, R. Mahapatra, R. Rao
Abstract The main aim of the present investigation is to develop and synthesis the precious nano-metals such as nano gold and its by product components such as nano copper, nano silver etc. The investigations were basically consisting of two level environmental friendly process i.e., recovering of the gold from discarded E-waste components and secondly with the proper reaction after boiling. The precious nano materials so obtained will be very much useful for sensors, organic photovoltaic materials, other electronic conductors, probes, drugs and medicines in bio-medical applications, catalysis and reagent in bio-chemical applications etc. The results with XRD, FESEM-EDX and UV analysis studies from present investigations clearly confirm about the presence of nano gold particles and its by products. All the investigations were performed with microwave heat treatment as an environmental friendly method.
{"title":"Extraction of nano-metals with judicious combination of microwave heating and acid leaching process from E-waste","authors":"S. Srikant, R. Mahapatra, R. Rao","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1952833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1952833","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main aim of the present investigation is to develop and synthesis the precious nano-metals such as nano gold and its by product components such as nano copper, nano silver etc. The investigations were basically consisting of two level environmental friendly process i.e., recovering of the gold from discarded E-waste components and secondly with the proper reaction after boiling. The precious nano materials so obtained will be very much useful for sensors, organic photovoltaic materials, other electronic conductors, probes, drugs and medicines in bio-medical applications, catalysis and reagent in bio-chemical applications etc. The results with XRD, FESEM-EDX and UV analysis studies from present investigations clearly confirm about the presence of nano gold particles and its by products. All the investigations were performed with microwave heat treatment as an environmental friendly method.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":"236 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80407562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1952835
Y. Liu, M. Drew, Hexing Li, Yue Liu
Abstract The common practice of applying reflection loss to material is incorrect as it can only be applied to film. Also the dominant theory of impedance matching should be replaced by wave cancellation theory. Here, we show that experimental data obtained from microwave absorption by the film of the titled composite can be successfully analyzed theoretically from our new theories. Formulae for the scattering parameters s 11 and s 21 of the film have been derived based on the wave addition model which clearly differentiates between microwave absorption mechanisms from interface and film. The experimental values, the patterns from s 11 and s 21, and the relationships between the patterns from the experimental values have been reproduced and interpreted both quantitatively and qualitatively from the new perspective. This specific new analysis for the verification of the new theory involving a large data set provides a clear indication that the conclusions obtained are not only valid for one unique system but are of general applicability. Thus, the new theory has been verified and can be used to reveal the mechanisms of microwave absorption by material and device. The successful interpretations are contrasted with the inadequacies of previous applied methods involving reflection loss and impedance matching.
{"title":"A theoretical analysis of the relationships shown from the general experimental results of scattering parameters s 11 and s 21 – exemplified by the film of BaFe12- i Ce i O19/polypyrene with i = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6","authors":"Y. Liu, M. Drew, Hexing Li, Yue Liu","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1952835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1952835","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The common practice of applying reflection loss to material is incorrect as it can only be applied to film. Also the dominant theory of impedance matching should be replaced by wave cancellation theory. Here, we show that experimental data obtained from microwave absorption by the film of the titled composite can be successfully analyzed theoretically from our new theories. Formulae for the scattering parameters s 11 and s 21 of the film have been derived based on the wave addition model which clearly differentiates between microwave absorption mechanisms from interface and film. The experimental values, the patterns from s 11 and s 21, and the relationships between the patterns from the experimental values have been reproduced and interpreted both quantitatively and qualitatively from the new perspective. This specific new analysis for the verification of the new theory involving a large data set provides a clear indication that the conclusions obtained are not only valid for one unique system but are of general applicability. Thus, the new theory has been verified and can be used to reveal the mechanisms of microwave absorption by material and device. The successful interpretations are contrasted with the inadequacies of previous applied methods involving reflection loss and impedance matching.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"41 1","pages":"197 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1952836
E. Aykın‐Dinçer, Büşra Atlı, Özge Çakmak, Seda Canavar, Ayşegül Çalışkan
Abstract In this study, the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of microwave-assisted hot air dried beef chips were investigated. For this purpose, beef slices were treated with spice mixture (4 g/100 g beef) and then dried with 2 different air temperature (60 and 70 °C) and 3 different microwave power (0, 90 and 180 W at fixed product weight). Drying process was terminated when moisture content of samples went below 15% and then drying kinetics and quality characteristics of the beef chips were analyzed. Drying time of beef chips reduced due to the increase in the microwave power and temperature whereas Page model was the most suitable model for identifying drying kinetics. It was also noted that average moisture content of microwave-assisted hot air dried beef chips was 12.8% (dry basis), water activity (aw) value was 0.70, pH value was 5.8 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was 30.48 µmol MDA/kg. It was further found that those beef chips that were dried at high temperature (70 °C) and microwave power (180 W) had darker color (higher a* value) and shorter, thicker and harder (high cutting force). Moreover, it was finally noted that such fast drying samples had better microbial and sensory quality.
{"title":"Drying kinetics and quality characteristics of microwave-assisted hot air dried beef chips","authors":"E. Aykın‐Dinçer, Büşra Atlı, Özge Çakmak, Seda Canavar, Ayşegül Çalışkan","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1952836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1952836","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of microwave-assisted hot air dried beef chips were investigated. For this purpose, beef slices were treated with spice mixture (4 g/100 g beef) and then dried with 2 different air temperature (60 and 70 °C) and 3 different microwave power (0, 90 and 180 W at fixed product weight). Drying process was terminated when moisture content of samples went below 15% and then drying kinetics and quality characteristics of the beef chips were analyzed. Drying time of beef chips reduced due to the increase in the microwave power and temperature whereas Page model was the most suitable model for identifying drying kinetics. It was also noted that average moisture content of microwave-assisted hot air dried beef chips was 12.8% (dry basis), water activity (aw) value was 0.70, pH value was 5.8 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was 30.48 µmol MDA/kg. It was further found that those beef chips that were dried at high temperature (70 °C) and microwave power (180 W) had darker color (higher a* value) and shorter, thicker and harder (high cutting force). Moreover, it was finally noted that such fast drying samples had better microbial and sensory quality.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"54 1","pages":"219 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90870985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1952837
Cuneyt Dincer
Abstract In this study, sour cherry nectar and apple juice were concentrated using thermal concentration (75, 80, and 85 °C), and intermittent microwave concentration (180, 300, and 450 W) under vacuum condition (at 250 mbar). Thirteen different mathematical models were used to describe the concentration kinetics of the samples. The Midilli model exhibited the best fit to all experimental data (R2 ≥ 0.9972; χ2 ≤ 1.6724; RMSE ≤ 1.2932). The concentration time was reduced with increasing microwave power (from 180 W to 450 W) and thermal vacuum concentration temperature (from 75 °C to 85 °C). In addition, the main quality parameters of the concentrates were comparatively investigated after reconstitution. Generally, major differences were not observed in the physicochemical properties of samples concentrated by thermal and microwave methods. Total phenolic content of the apple juice and sour cherry nectar samples were ranged between 209.87-216.67 mg/L and 571.00-588.57 mg/L, respectively. Fructose was the main sugar in both juices, followed by glucose and sucrose. The particle size of the juice samples increased with concentration processing.
{"title":"Effect of intermittent microwave vacuum concentration on quality parameters of apple juice and sour cherry nectar and mathematical modeling of concentration","authors":"Cuneyt Dincer","doi":"10.1080/08327823.2021.1952837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.2021.1952837","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, sour cherry nectar and apple juice were concentrated using thermal concentration (75, 80, and 85 °C), and intermittent microwave concentration (180, 300, and 450 W) under vacuum condition (at 250 mbar). Thirteen different mathematical models were used to describe the concentration kinetics of the samples. The Midilli model exhibited the best fit to all experimental data (R2 ≥ 0.9972; χ2 ≤ 1.6724; RMSE ≤ 1.2932). The concentration time was reduced with increasing microwave power (from 180 W to 450 W) and thermal vacuum concentration temperature (from 75 °C to 85 °C). In addition, the main quality parameters of the concentrates were comparatively investigated after reconstitution. Generally, major differences were not observed in the physicochemical properties of samples concentrated by thermal and microwave methods. Total phenolic content of the apple juice and sour cherry nectar samples were ranged between 209.87-216.67 mg/L and 571.00-588.57 mg/L, respectively. Fructose was the main sugar in both juices, followed by glucose and sucrose. The particle size of the juice samples increased with concentration processing.","PeriodicalId":16556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"175 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90072252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}