Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-4-365-371
In the process of liquidation of emergency situations of biological nature (ESBN) by the NBC Protection Corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the modern modular and wearable technical means of disinfection based on an aerosol method of treatment of objects were widely used. The purpose of the work is to summarize experience of the use of modular and wearable technical means of disinfection during the liquidation of biological emergency. The most intensive use of mobile technical means of disinfection was carried out for more than two years in Chkalovsky airfield by the combined NBC protection group, which carried out work on the disinfection of aircraft of the Military Space Forces and the cargo transported by them against the pathogen of coronavirus infection. The main volume of work on disinfection of cargo compartments and cockpits of pilots of aircraft as well as cargo was performed in the aerosol method with the use of the following technical means: CDA (Aerosol Disinfection Complex) complex, the bagpack motorized and manual sprayers. The aerosol treatment method and the formulation based on ethyl alcohol provided high productivity of works, low manual labor costs, and reliable disinfection of objects with low consumption of preparation. Thus, the processing time of the cargo compartment of AN-124 aircraft with the help of autonomous modules of the CDA or backpack sprayers STIHL SR 450 did not exceed 20 minutes, and the consumption of the recipe was not more than 100 cm 3 ×m -2 . The use of modern modular and wearable disinfection means in the NBC protection units will ensure the increase of efficiency of disinfection measures in the interests of troops and population of the Russian Federation.
在俄罗斯联邦武装部队全国广播公司(NBC)保护部队清理生物紧急情况(ESBN)的过程中，广泛使用了基于气溶胶处理物体方法的现代模块化可穿戴消毒技术手段。本工作旨在总结生物突发事件清算过程中使用模块化、可穿戴式消毒技术手段的经验。在契卡洛夫斯基机场，联合全国广播公司保护小组开展了两年多的机动消毒技术手段最密集的工作，对军事航天部队的飞机及其运输的货物进行了冠状病毒感染病原体的消毒工作。采用气雾剂法对飞机货舱、驾驶员座舱及货物进行消毒，主要采用气雾剂消毒综合装置(CDA)、袋式电动和手动喷雾器等技术手段。该气溶胶处理方法和以乙醇为基础的配方具有工作生产率高、人工成本低、制剂消耗少、对物体消毒可靠等优点。因此，在CDA自主模块或背包喷射器STIHL SR 450的帮助下，AN-124飞机货舱的处理时间不超过20分钟，配方的消耗不超过100 cm 3 ×m -2。在NBC防护装置中使用现代模块化和可穿戴消毒手段，将确保提高消毒措施的效率，符合俄罗斯联邦部队和人口的利益。
{"title":"Use of Modular and Wearable Technical Means of Disinfection During Liquidation of Emergency Situations","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-4-365-371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-4-365-371","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of liquidation of emergency situations of biological nature (ESBN) by the NBC Protection Corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the modern modular and wearable technical means of disinfection based on an aerosol method of treatment of objects were widely used. The purpose of the work is to summarize experience of the use of modular and wearable technical means of disinfection during the liquidation of biological emergency. The most intensive use of mobile technical means of disinfection was carried out for more than two years in Chkalovsky airfield by the combined NBC protection group, which carried out work on the disinfection of aircraft of the Military Space Forces and the cargo transported by them against the pathogen of coronavirus infection. The main volume of work on disinfection of cargo compartments and cockpits of pilots of aircraft as well as cargo was performed in the aerosol method with the use of the following technical means: CDA (Aerosol Disinfection Complex) complex, the bagpack motorized and manual sprayers. The aerosol treatment method and the formulation based on ethyl alcohol provided high productivity of works, low manual labor costs, and reliable disinfection of objects with low consumption of preparation. Thus, the processing time of the cargo compartment of AN-124 aircraft with the help of autonomous modules of the CDA or backpack sprayers STIHL SR 450 did not exceed 20 minutes, and the consumption of the recipe was not more than 100 cm 3 ×m -2 . The use of modern modular and wearable disinfection means in the NBC protection units will ensure the increase of efficiency of disinfection measures in the interests of troops and population of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89883061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-271-281
Carrying out special treatment is one of the main measures to maintain the combat capability of troops in conditions of chemical and biological contamination or radiation contamination of the area.The purpose of the work was to assess the current state of the means of special processing of military equipment and to identify possible ways to improve their effectiveness. The existing means of special processing of military equipment basically meet the requirements, however, in modern conditions they have a number of shortcomings and need to be improved. Thus, aqueous solutions of degassing and disinfecting substances and organic formulations of special treatment are used with a relatively high consumption rate of up to 4,5 l/m 2 and 0,6 l/m 2 , respectively, while the treatment time for 1 m 2 can be 1 minute, which is related as with the physicochemical properties of the solutions and formulations used, as well as with the features of the methods of their application. In addition, technical means of special processing are not intended for processing the internal volumes of military equipment, and preparatory measures require a set of tools. In the course of the analysis, it was found that a decrease in the consumption rate and an increase in the rate of special circulation can be achieved as a result of the use of foam concentrates that give a prolonging effect to aqueous solutions of chemically active substances. Increasing the automation and productivity of special processing of military equipment up to 30–40 units/h can be achieved as a result of the development of an in-line processing method. This method consists in applying degassing formulations to the treated surface in the form of an aerosol-droplet flow using centrifugal nozzles located on a semi-arched movable structure. At the same time, the increase in productivity is primarily achieved as a result of an increase in the simultaneously processed area of the object. Reducing the time for preliminary preparation of objects and increasing the completeness of measures for the special processing of military equipment can be achieved as a result of the development of a multi-stage method of degassing, disinfection and decontamination. The method consists in the successive application of high-pressure water jets and foam-forming or solvent formulations with a given treatment exposure time. In some cases, along with the treatment of external surfaces, it becomes necessary to carry out degassing and disinfection of the internal habitable compartments of military equipment. One of the possible directions for solving this problem is a qualitative expansion of the capabilities of technical means of special treatment as a result of the development of a method for using ultra-small volumes of special treatment formulations in the form of a highly dispersed aerosol. It is advisable to spray solutions of chemically active substances by hydraulic or pneumohydraulic methods, while maintaining the main in
{"title":"Modern High-Performance Methods for Special Processing of Arms, Military and Special Equipment","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-271-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-271-281","url":null,"abstract":"Carrying out special treatment is one of the main measures to maintain the combat capability of troops in conditions of chemical and biological contamination or radiation contamination of the area.The purpose of the work was to assess the current state of the means of special processing of military equipment and to identify possible ways to improve their effectiveness. The existing means of special processing of military equipment basically meet the requirements, however, in modern conditions they have a number of shortcomings and need to be improved. Thus, aqueous solutions of degassing and disinfecting substances and organic formulations of special treatment are used with a relatively high\u0000consumption rate of up to 4,5 l/m 2 and 0,6 l/m 2 , respectively, while the treatment time for 1 m 2 can be 1 minute, which is related as with the physicochemical properties of the solutions and formulations used, as well as with the features of the methods of their application. In addition, technical means of special processing are not intended for processing the internal volumes of military equipment, and preparatory measures require a set of tools. In the course of the analysis, it was found that a decrease\u0000in the consumption rate and an increase in the rate of special circulation can be achieved as a result of the use of foam concentrates that give a prolonging effect to aqueous solutions of chemically active substances. Increasing the automation and productivity of special processing of military equipment up to 30–40 units/h can be achieved as a result of the development of an in-line processing method. This method consists in applying degassing formulations to the treated surface in the form of an aerosol-droplet flow using centrifugal nozzles located on a semi-arched movable structure. At the same time, the increase in productivity is primarily achieved as a result of an increase in the simultaneously\u0000processed area of the object. Reducing the time for preliminary preparation of objects and increasing the completeness of measures for the special processing of military equipment can be achieved as a result of the development of a multi-stage method of degassing, disinfection and decontamination. The method consists in the successive application of high-pressure water jets and foam-forming or solvent formulations with a given treatment exposure time. In some cases, along with the treatment\u0000of external surfaces, it becomes necessary to carry out degassing and disinfection of the internal habitable compartments of military equipment. One of the possible directions for solving this problem is a qualitative expansion of the capabilities of technical means of special treatment as a result of the development of a method for using ultra-small volumes of special treatment formulations in the form of a highly dispersed aerosol. It is advisable to spray solutions of chemically active substances by hydraulic or pneumohydraulic methods, while maintaining the main in","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85378820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-213-228
Валерий Петрович Капашин, В.Г. Мандыч, И.Н. Исаев, И.В. Коваленко, В.Л. Верига
The fulfillment of international obligations of the Russian Federation under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction required the development and the creation of safe innovative industrial technologies and facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons. The purpose of this work is to give brief characteristics of the technologies for the destruction of chemical weapons developed and commercially implemented at various facilities. The destruction of chemical weapons was carried out at seven facilities specially designed and built for this purpose. These facilities were located in six regions of the country. The choice of technologies for the destruction (utilization) of chemical weapons was carried out on a competitive basis in the period from 1992 to 1995.The priority was given to the so-called two-stage technology. At the first stage, the toxic chemicals were extracted from the munitions or the containers and detoxified chemically in «soft» controlled conditions. Then the empty munitions were degassed. At the second stage, thermal neutralization or bituminization of the reaction masses was carried out with their subsequent burial. The two-stage technology for the destruction of mustard and mustard-lewisite mixtures was based on the interaction of toxic chemicals with an 80 ± 5% aqueous solution of monoethanolamine, which was supplied into the reactor at a temperature of 60–80 °C in the ratio toxic chemical: degassing formulation - 1:1.2 according to mass. The detoxification process was considered completed if the content of toxic chemicals in the reaction mass did not exceed 3,2×10 -3 %. To destroy lewisite, a «short scheme» in a jet-type reactor was implemented. The mixing of the initial reagents, lewisite and 20% alkali solution, was carried out using a nozzle of a special design, where lewisite was swirled with a special device (swirler) and supplied into the reactor. The first stage of the destruction of V-gases was carried out in munitions cases. The munitions were considered as chemical reactors. The process of detoxification of V-gases was considered completed when the residual content of toxic chemicals was at the level of 5×10 -4 %, and the reaction mass was delivered for thermal neutralization (second stage). In total, 39966,588 tons of toxic chemicals were destroyed. The whole number of destroyed containers with agents and chemical munitions amounted to 4,158,456 units. On September 27, 2017, the last chemical weapon was destroyed at the Kizner chemical weapons destruction facility, thus completing the process of complete destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles in the Russian Federation.
{"title":"New Chemical Weapons Destruction Technologies as the Key to Successful\u0000Completion of Chemical Weapons Disarmament Process","authors":"Валерий Петрович Капашин, В.Г. Мандыч, И.Н. Исаев, И.В. Коваленко, В.Л. Верига","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-213-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-213-228","url":null,"abstract":"The fulfillment of international obligations of the Russian Federation under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction required the development and the creation of safe innovative industrial\u0000technologies and facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons. The purpose of this work is to give brief characteristics of the technologies for the destruction of chemical weapons developed and commercially implemented at various facilities. The destruction of chemical weapons was carried out at seven facilities specially designed and built for this purpose. These facilities were located in six regions of the country. The choice of technologies for the destruction (utilization) of chemical\u0000weapons was carried out on a competitive basis in the period from 1992 to 1995.The priority was given to the so-called two-stage technology. At the first stage, the toxic chemicals were extracted from the munitions or the containers and detoxified chemically in «soft» controlled conditions. Then the empty munitions were degassed. At the second stage, thermal neutralization or bituminization of the reaction masses was carried out with their subsequent burial. The two-stage technology for the destruction of mustard and mustard-lewisite mixtures was based on the interaction of toxic chemicals with an 80 ± 5% aqueous solution of monoethanolamine, which was supplied into the reactor at a temperature of 60–80 °C in the ratio toxic chemical: degassing formulation - 1:1.2 according to mass. The detoxification process was considered completed if the content of toxic chemicals in the reaction mass did not exceed 3,2×10 -3 %. To destroy lewisite, a «short scheme» in a jet-type reactor was implemented. The mixing of the initial reagents, lewisite and 20% alkali solution, was carried out using a nozzle of a special design, where lewisite was swirled with a special device (swirler) and supplied into the reactor. The first stage of the destruction of V-gases was carried out in munitions cases. The munitions were considered as chemical reactors. The process of detoxification of V-gases was considered completed when the residual content of toxic chemicals was at the level of 5×10 -4 %, and the reaction mass was delivered for thermal neutralization (second stage). In total, 39966,588 tons of toxic chemicals were destroyed. The whole number of destroyed containers with agents and chemical munitions amounted to 4,158,456 units. On September 27, 2017, the last chemical weapon was destroyed at the Kizner chemical weapons destruction facility, thus completing the process of complete destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78325485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-243-257
Plant toxins – ricin and abrin, obtained in a purified form from the beans of the castor bean and Abrus precatorius respectively, are considered by Western experts as potential damaging agents of a biological nature. The purpose of this work is to consider the danger of using ricin and abrin as agents of biological terrorism, as well as to assess the existing approaches and means for identifying these toxins, treating the intoxication caused by them, as well as the level of development of vaccine preparations. Both toxins have a similar molecular structure and mechanism of action. They consist of two subunits – A and B, resistant to high temperatures and extreme pH values. The mechanism of their damaging action is based on irreversible inhibition of the process of protein synthesis. The LD 50 of ricin for humans, according to various sources, is 3 μg/kg for inhalation and intravenous intake, 22–25 μg/kg for enteral intake, and about 500 μg/kg for subcutaneous intake. Abrin is more toxic than ricin, with an LD 50 for humans ranging from 0.1 μg/kg to 1 μg/kg depending on the route of entry. In case of enteral poisoning with ricin and abrin, the victims develop symptoms of gastroenteritis within a few hours: nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdominal cavity and chest, diarrhea. Bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract may be present. In future, general intoxication symptoms (headache, weakness, fever) and symptoms of multiple organ damage (acute renal failure and acute liver failure) develop. In the terminal stage, symptoms of vascular shock and vascular collapse are expressed. Death usually occurs on the third day or later. Cases of the use of ricin and abrin for criminal and terrorist purposes are described in the article. The main approaches and modern means of indication, means of treating ricin and abrine intoxication, as well as the state of development of vaccine preparations are shown. The given data show that the danger of these toxins as damaging agents is underestimated in Russia. It is necessary to develop diagnostic test systems that allow early detection of intoxication with plant toxins in the affected and the toxins themselves on environmental objects, as well as specific means for the treatment and prevention of acute poisoning with ricin and abrin.
{"title":"Ricin and Abrin as Possible Agents of Bioterror","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-243-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-243-257","url":null,"abstract":"Plant toxins – ricin and abrin, obtained in a purified form from the beans of the castor bean and Abrus precatorius respectively, are considered by Western experts as potential damaging agents of a biological nature. The purpose of this work is to consider the danger of using ricin and abrin as\u0000agents of biological terrorism, as well as to assess the existing approaches and means for identifying these toxins, treating the intoxication caused by them, as well as the level of development of vaccine preparations. Both toxins have a similar molecular structure and mechanism of action. They consist of two subunits – A and B, resistant to high temperatures and extreme pH values. The mechanism of their damaging action is based on irreversible inhibition of the process of protein synthesis. The LD 50 of ricin for humans, according to various sources, is 3 μg/kg for inhalation and intravenous intake, 22–25 μg/kg for enteral intake, and about 500 μg/kg for subcutaneous intake. Abrin is more\u0000toxic than ricin, with an LD 50 for humans ranging from 0.1 μg/kg to 1 μg/kg depending on the route of entry. In case of enteral poisoning with ricin and abrin, the victims develop symptoms of gastroenteritis within a few hours: nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdominal cavity and chest,\u0000diarrhea. Bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract may be present. In future, general intoxication symptoms (headache, weakness, fever) and symptoms of multiple organ damage (acute renal failure and acute liver failure) develop. In the terminal stage, symptoms of vascular shock and vascular collapse are expressed. Death usually occurs on the third day or later. Cases of the use of ricin and abrin for criminal and terrorist purposes are described in the article. The main approaches and modern means of indication, means of treating ricin and abrine intoxication, as well as the state of development of vaccine preparations are shown. The given data show that the danger of these toxins as damaging agents is underestimated in Russia. It is necessary to develop diagnostic test systems that allow early detection of intoxication with plant toxins in the affected and the toxins themselves on environmental objects, as well as specific means for the treatment and prevention of\u0000acute poisoning with ricin and abrin.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76425203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, dozens of biological laboratories controlled by the US Department of Defense are deployed along the perimeter of the Russian Federation. They are operating in a closed regime and completely excluded from the jurisdiction of the states on whose territory they are located. The purpose of this work is to summarize the available information on the activities of these biolabs, controlled by the US Department of Defense in the Caucasus region. The deployment of these biolabs under the US control in the Caucasus region is due to its favorable geographical position – in the north it borders the Russian Federation, and in the south – Iran. In addition, people of various ethnic groups (about 50) live compactly in the Caucasus region in various climatic conditions and in diverse areas. These circumstances make it possible to develop bioagents of various ethnic orientations. All these biolabs are «dual-use» facilities that are part of the US-controlled biosecurity system. They allow the US Department of Defense to solve the following tasks: to create and test a new generation of biological weapons; to collect information on endemic biopathogens, ways of distribution and means of combating them in the Russian Federation; to control the biological situation on the territory of the Russian Federation; to carry out military biological research without fear of protests from the American public; to create dangerous pathogens and genetic weapons; to conduct tests of biological agents on humans, tracking their virulence, delivery routes, probable mortality of the population and livestock; to circumvent international agreements and conventions on the control of bioweapons; to carry out biosabotage aimed at destroying the personnel of the Armed Forces and the population of Russia, causing damage to the economy of our country by destroying livestock, infecting grain crops and discrediting Russian agricultural products on world markets. These US-controlled biolabs deployed along the perimeter of the Russian Federation threaten the national security of Russia and the countries in which they are located. Serious diplomatic efforts are needed to curtail their activities in the Caucasus region.
{"title":"Biological Laboratories in the Caucasus Region as Sources of Threats to Russia's National Security","authors":"В.В. Филонов, В.В. Щеренко, Ю.Е. Попов, В.Э. Терещатов","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-258-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-258-270","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, dozens of biological laboratories controlled by the US Department of Defense are deployed along the perimeter of the Russian Federation. They are operating in a closed regime and completely excluded from the jurisdiction of the states on whose territory they are located. The purpose of this work is to summarize the available information on the activities of these biolabs, controlled by the US Department of Defense in the Caucasus region. The deployment of these biolabs under the\u0000US control in the Caucasus region is due to its favorable geographical position – in the north it borders the Russian Federation, and in the south – Iran. In addition, people of various ethnic groups (about 50) live compactly in the Caucasus region in various climatic conditions and in diverse areas.\u0000These circumstances make it possible to develop bioagents of various ethnic orientations. All these biolabs are «dual-use» facilities that are part of the US-controlled biosecurity system. They allow the US Department of Defense to solve the following tasks: to create and test a new generation of biological weapons; to collect information on endemic biopathogens, ways of distribution and means of combating them in the Russian Federation; to control the biological situation on the territory of the Russian Federation; to carry out military biological research without fear of protests from the American public; to create dangerous pathogens and genetic weapons; to conduct tests of biological agents on humans, tracking their virulence, delivery routes, probable mortality of the population and livestock; to circumvent international agreements and conventions on the control of bioweapons; to carry out biosabotage aimed at destroying the personnel of the Armed Forces and the population\u0000of Russia, causing damage to the economy of our country by destroying livestock, infecting grain crops and discrediting Russian agricultural products on world markets. These US-controlled biolabs deployed along the perimeter of the Russian Federation threaten the national security of Russia and the countries in which they are located. Serious diplomatic efforts are needed to curtail their activities in the Caucasus region.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80063550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-229-242
Earlier we have developed the principle of constructing modular materials with desired properties. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of imparting bactericidal protective properties to modular materials (tissues). The experimental studies have demonstrated the possibility of combining modules containing metal carboxylates, metal nanoparticles, and enzyme nanocomplexes for multiple functionalization of the same fibrous material and/or fiber. Fibrous materials, as a result of successive application of modular formulations containing nanosized metals and enzyme nanocomplexes, to their surface acquired biocidal and antichemical protective properties. It has been established that the spray method of applying modules to the surface of the studied materials is more universal, since aerosol application makes it possible to apply liquid to any wetted material with a uniform surface layer. The bactericidal properties depended on the chosen method of fibrous material functionalization. The obtained modular fibrous materials also showed good biocatalytic characteristics with respect to various organophosphorus compounds and mycotoxins. The duration of the effect of self-disinfection and self-degassing of fibrous materials treated with modular formulations containing nanosized metals and enzyme nanocomplexes is at least 230 days. The developed materials and the method of their production can be used both in obtaining completely new fabrics for personal protective equipment and in developing new organizational, technical and methodological approaches to ensuring personal protection of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Modular Protective Materials Neutralizing Toxins (Organophosphorus Compounds and Mycotoxins) and Exhibiting Biocidity to Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacterial Cells","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-229-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-229-242","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier we have developed the principle of constructing modular materials with desired properties. The aim of this work is to study the possibility of imparting bactericidal protective properties to modular materials (tissues). The experimental studies have demonstrated the possibility of combining modules containing metal carboxylates, metal nanoparticles, and enzyme nanocomplexes for multiple functionalization of the same fibrous material and/or fiber. Fibrous materials, as a result of successive application of modular formulations containing nanosized metals and enzyme nanocomplexes, to their surface acquired biocidal and antichemical protective properties. It has been established that the spray method of applying modules to the surface of the studied materials is\u0000more universal, since aerosol application makes it possible to apply liquid to any wetted material with a uniform surface layer. The bactericidal properties depended on the chosen method of fibrous material functionalization. The obtained modular fibrous materials also showed good biocatalytic characteristics with respect to various organophosphorus compounds and mycotoxins. The duration of the effect of self-disinfection and self-degassing of fibrous materials treated with modular formulations containing nanosized metals and enzyme nanocomplexes is at least 230 days. The developed materials and the method of their production can be used both in obtaining completely\u0000new fabrics for personal protective equipment and in developing new organizational, technical and methodological approaches to ensuring personal protection of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-282-294
Э.В. Васильковский, А.В. Дикун, И.Г. Васюкевич
The lecture is intended to prepare students studying under an additional professional advanced training program for military specialists in radiation safety for all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as to train officials responsible for organizing and ensuring radiation safety in military units and organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The lecture addresses three educational questions: 1. Accounting and control of radiation sources in the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste. 2. General requirements for the operation of radiation sources. 3. Operation of sealed radionuclide sources as part of the technical means of the RCB for intelligence and control.
{"title":"Sources of Ionizing Radiation Used in Modern and Advanced NBC Reconnaissance Devices (Lecture)","authors":"Э.В. Васильковский, А.В. Дикун, И.Г. Васюкевич","doi":"10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-282-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-3-282-294","url":null,"abstract":"The lecture is intended to prepare students studying under an additional professional advanced training program for military specialists in radiation safety for all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as to train officials responsible for organizing and ensuring radiation\u0000safety in military units and organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.\u0000The lecture addresses three educational questions:\u00001. Accounting and control of radiation sources in the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste.\u00002. General requirements for the operation of radiation sources.\u00003. Operation of sealed radionuclide sources as part of the technical means of the RCB for intelligence and control.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86079729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-152-177
Monkeypox is a natural focal zoonosis of rodents and monkeys living in the Congo Valley (clade CB) and West Africa (clade WA). The special interest in monkeypox is due to its pandemic spread, which began in May 2022. The aim of this article is to consider the danger of monkeypox due to the lack of knowledge about its nature, as well as existing achievements in the treatment and prevention of this disease. The information was collected mainly from English-language sources available through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The study was conducted in the following areas: the epidemiology of monkeypox outbreaks until May 2022; taxonomy and origin of monkeypox virus (MPV); morphology and life cycle of poxviruses; ecology and epidemiology of MPV; the clinical picture of monkeypox in humans with natural infection; monkeypox clinic in European homosexuals; clinical picture and pathomorphology of monkeypox in animals with artificial infection; immunoprophylaxis and therapy of monkeypox. It has been established that until May 2022 the appearance of MPV into non-endemic countries was limited to single cases of the disease. Because of that, the monkeypox pandemic that began in May 2022 looks atypical. The low-contagious MPV (WA) that caused it did not occur in Nigeria until 2017. Its spread was facilitated by a new mechanism of infection through organized homosexual contacts. Therefore, monkeypox should no longer be considered a rare disease geographically limited to the countries of West and Central Africa. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of activating the natural reservoirs of other poxviruses, as well as the realization of their epidemic potential through immunodeficient human populations, which reach 20% of the total population in the developed countries. At present, there are no vaccines or drugs whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in epidemic foci of MPV with immunodeficient populations. Serious efforts should be made to identify man-made outbreaks of monkeypox; to the identification of possible zoonotic hosts of MPV in Russia; factors that support MPV in ecosystems; host factors that determine the severity of the disease, as well as facilitating animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission
{"title":"Monkeypox: A Little-Studied Biological Threat to Russia","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-152-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-152-177","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox is a natural focal zoonosis of rodents and monkeys living in the Congo Valley (clade CB) and West Africa (clade WA). The special interest in monkeypox is due to its pandemic spread, which began in May 2022. The aim of this article is to consider the danger of monkeypox due to the lack\u0000of knowledge about its nature, as well as existing achievements in the treatment and prevention of this disease. The information was collected mainly from English-language sources available through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The study was conducted in the following areas: the epidemiology of monkeypox outbreaks until May 2022; taxonomy and origin of monkeypox virus (MPV); morphology and life cycle of poxviruses; ecology and epidemiology of MPV; the clinical picture\u0000of monkeypox in humans with natural infection; monkeypox clinic in European homosexuals; clinical picture and pathomorphology of monkeypox in animals with artificial infection; immunoprophylaxis\u0000and therapy of monkeypox. It has been established that until May 2022 the appearance of MPV into non-endemic countries was limited to single cases of the disease. Because of that, the monkeypox pandemic that began in May 2022 looks atypical. The low-contagious MPV (WA) that caused it did not occur in Nigeria until 2017. Its spread was facilitated by a new mechanism of infection through organized homosexual contacts. Therefore, monkeypox should no longer be considered a rare disease\u0000geographically limited to the countries of West and Central Africa. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of activating the natural reservoirs of other poxviruses, as well as the realization of their epidemic potential through immunodeficient human populations, which reach 20% of the total population in the developed countries. At present, there are no vaccines or drugs whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in epidemic foci of MPV with immunodeficient populations. Serious efforts should be made to identify man-made outbreaks of monkeypox; to the identification of possible zoonotic hosts of MPV in Russia; factors that support MPV in ecosystems; host factors that determine the severity of the disease, as well as facilitating animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"04 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88785642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-123-136
Previously, the principle of constructing modular materials with specified properties was developed, according to which organometallic composites with nanoscale metal complexes introduced into them were applied to a unified fabric platform. The aim of the work was to study the properties of a unified fabric platform and to establish the possibility of giving protective bactericidal properties to fibrous materials (tissues). Such a platform has high stability and good bactericidal activity. It is shown in the article that the most significant indicators for tissue biocide were those reflecting the particle size of the dispersed phase, particle size distribution, the chemical composition of the dispersed phase, the qualitative and quantitative ratio of impurities in the dispersion medium, the concentration of particles of the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium, ζ-potential of particles of the dispersed phase; wettability of the fibers of the material by the main component of the dispersion medium (solvent), volatility of the main component of the dispersion medium (solvent). The bactericidal properties depended on the chosen method of fibrous material functionalization. Due to the principle of modular construction of materials with desired properties, it turned out to be possible to use organometallic composites with complexes of metal nanoparticles introduced into them. Studies of the biocidal activity of fibrous materials functionalized with metal nanoparticles in relation to different types of bacteria showed that it is possible to achieve characteristics comparable or even exceeding the known characteristics of antimicrobial drugs (benzetonium and benzalkonium chlorides) currently used in medical practice. As a unified fabric platform on which special modules are applied, it is proposed to use para–aramid protective fabric (Rusar fiber), as well as other types of fabrics - mixed aramid-viscose, aramid-cotton, aramid-polyacrylate, metaaramide (Nomex fiber). Approaches to giving materials (tissues) bactericidal protective properties are determined
{"title":"Bactericidal Properties of Modular Protective Materials","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-123-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-123-136","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, the principle of constructing modular materials with specified properties was developed, according to which organometallic composites with nanoscale metal complexes introduced into them were applied to a unified fabric platform. The aim of the work was to study the properties of a unified fabric platform and to establish the possibility of giving protective bactericidal properties to fibrous materials (tissues). Such a platform has high stability and good bactericidal activity. It is shown in the article that the most significant indicators for tissue biocide were those reflecting the particle size of the dispersed phase, particle size distribution, the chemical composition of the dispersed phase, the qualitative and quantitative ratio of impurities in the dispersion medium, the concentration of particles of the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium, ζ-potential of particles of the dispersed phase; wettability of the fibers of the material by the main component of the dispersion medium (solvent), volatility of the main component of the dispersion medium (solvent). The bactericidal properties depended on the chosen method of fibrous material functionalization. Due to the principle of modular construction of materials with desired properties, it turned out to be possible to use organometallic composites with complexes of metal nanoparticles introduced into them. Studies of the biocidal activity of fibrous materials functionalized with metal nanoparticles in relation to different types of bacteria showed that it is possible to achieve characteristics comparable or even exceeding the known characteristics of antimicrobial drugs (benzetonium and benzalkonium chlorides) currently used in medical practice. As a unified fabric platform on which special modules are applied, it is proposed to use para–aramid protective fabric (Rusar fiber), as well as other types of fabrics - mixed aramid-viscose, aramid-cotton, aramid-polyacrylate, metaaramide (Nomex fiber).\u0000Approaches to giving materials (tissues) bactericidal protective properties are determined","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83751387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-114-122
The Russian Federation has ratified the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and thereby reaffirmed its international obligations assumed in the field of chemical disarmament. To solve the problem of the destruction of chemical weapons, given its complexity and versatility, the Presidential Federal Target Program «Destruction of stockpiles of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» was developed. This article is dedicated to the history of the formation of a unique structure – the Federal Office for the Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons and the formation of a team of its specialists who directly performed the difficult task of destroying chemical weapons. September 27, 2017 at the facility for the destruction of chemical weapons in the village Kizner of the Udmurt Republic, in a special ceremony, the last chemical munition was destroyed. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has recorded the fact of the complete destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation with the relevant certificates. The program for the destruction of chemical weapons was completed 3 years ahead of schedule, with savings of 9.6 billion rubles. The main results of the completed process of destruction of chemical weapons are that no human life has been lost and no damage has been done to the environment. Currently, the Federal Directorate is implementing measures within the framework of the departmental project «Liquidation of the consequences of the activities of storage facilities and facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness»
{"title":"Federal Directorate for Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons – 30th Anniversary","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-114-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-114-122","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian Federation has ratified the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and thereby reaffirmed its international obligations assumed in the field of chemical disarmament. To solve the problem of the destruction of chemical weapons, given its complexity and versatility, the Presidential Federal Target Program «Destruction of stockpiles of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» was developed. This article is dedicated to the history of the formation of a unique structure – the Federal Office for the Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons and the formation of a team of its specialists who directly performed the difficult task of destroying chemical weapons. September 27, 2017 at the facility for the destruction of chemical weapons in the village Kizner of the Udmurt Republic, in a special ceremony, the last chemical munition was destroyed. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has recorded the fact of the complete destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation with the relevant certificates. The program for the destruction of chemical weapons was completed 3 years ahead of schedule, with savings of 9.6 billion rubles. The main results of the completed process of destruction of chemical weapons are that no human life has been lost and no damage has been done to the environment. Currently, the Federal Directorate is implementing measures within the framework of the departmental project «Liquidation of the consequences of the activities of storage facilities and facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness»","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88677958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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