Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-178-194
The lecture is intended for training NBCD Corps’ specialists from both the Russian Federation and foreign states, dealing with the issues of chemical safety. The lecture highlights two topics: 1) peculiarities of design of US chemical munitions and warfare devices; 2) marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and devices. The material presented in the lecture will allow for broadening the horizons and acquiring knowledge related to the peculiarities of design, marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and warfare devices. In addition, the lecture provides a review of changes in the marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and warfare devices. It also deals with the historical development of the system of chemical munitions marking and coding.
{"title":"Peculiarities of Design, Marking and Coding of US and NATO Chemical Munitions and Warfare Devices (Lecture)","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-178-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-178-194","url":null,"abstract":"The lecture is intended for training NBCD Corps’ specialists from both the Russian Federation and foreign states, dealing with the issues of chemical safety. The lecture highlights two topics: 1) peculiarities of design of US chemical munitions and warfare devices; 2) marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and devices. The material presented in the lecture will allow for broadening the horizons and acquiring knowledge related to the peculiarities of design, marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and warfare devices. In addition, the lecture provides\u0000a review of changes in the marking and coding of US and NATO chemical munitions and warfare devices. It also deals with the historical development of the system of chemical munitions marking and coding.","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-137-151
Currently, Western pharmaceutical companies have mastered the production of licensed drugs based on transovarial chicken specific antibodies (IgY antibodies) intended for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, influenza virus and other pathogens. Of particular interest is the possibility of using IgY antibodies as an inexpensive specific antidote for emergency specific prevention of infections caused by pathogens of dangerous and especially dangerous infections. The purpose of this work is to summarize the results of studies that have shown a high therapeutic potential of transovarial specific immunoglobulins in the treatment and prevention of dangerous viral, bacterial infections and injuries by biological toxins – potential agents of biological weapons (BW). The advantage of using IgY technologies for passive immunization is a non-invasive method for obtaining antibodies, as well as a large amount of them – 20–30 g of immunoglobulins, which can be obtained from one laying hen per year. An important advantage of IgY over immunoglobulins derived from mammalian serum is that they do not interact with complement components, nor with rheumatoid factor, nor with Fc receptors of mammalian immunocompetent cells, which significantly reduces the manifestation of adverse reactions, in particular, antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). Experiments carried out in vivo and in vitro showed a high activity of IgY antibodies in suppressing the damaging effect of pathogens of especially dangerous infections and biological toxins. It is shown in the article, that the replacement of mammalian IgG with avian transovarial IgY allows obtaining commercially significant amounts of thermostable specific antibodies that do not cause ADE, and expands the possibilities of methods for specific prevention and treatment of lesions caused by viruses, bacteria, and toxins – potential agents of biological weapons
{"title":"The Use of Avian Yolk Antibodies in the Inactivation of Highly Toxic Components of Biological Weapons and Especially Dangerous Infections","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-137-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-2-137-151","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, Western pharmaceutical companies have mastered the production of licensed drugs based on transovarial chicken specific antibodies (IgY antibodies) intended for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, influenza virus and other pathogens. Of particular interest is the possibility of using IgY antibodies as an inexpensive specific antidote for emergency specific prevention of infections caused by pathogens of dangerous and especially dangerous infections. The purpose of this work is to summarize the results of studies that have shown a high therapeutic potential of transovarial specific immunoglobulins in the treatment and prevention of dangerous viral, bacterial infections and injuries by biological toxins – potential agents of biological weapons (BW). The advantage of using IgY technologies for passive immunization is a non-invasive method for obtaining antibodies, as well as a large amount of them – 20–30 g of immunoglobulins, which can be obtained from one laying hen per year. An important advantage of IgY over immunoglobulins derived from mammalian serum is that they do not interact with complement components, nor with rheumatoid factor, nor with Fc receptors of mammalian immunocompetent cells, which significantly reduces the manifestation of adverse reactions, in particular, antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). Experiments carried out in vivo and in vitro showed a high activity of IgY antibodies in suppressing the damaging effect of pathogens of especially dangerous infections and biological toxins. It is shown in the article, that the replacement of mammalian IgG with avian transovarial IgY allows obtaining commercially significant amounts of thermostable specific antibodies that do not cause ADE, and expands the possibilities of methods for specific prevention and treatment of lesions caused by viruses, bacteria, and toxins – potential agents of biological weapons","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80727411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-56-65
Reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the leading laboratory diagnostic tool for COVID-19. With the help of RT-PCR-RT, diagnostics is carried out at the early stages of the development of the disease. The studied clinical samples, as a rule, are swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to false negative results when diagnosing COVID-19 by RT-PCR-RT. It is shown in the article, that the analytical sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR method is not the main factor in assessing the possibility of obtaining false negative results. The paper considers the effect of drinking hot drinks (tea, coffee), alcohol and smoking (immediately before sampling) on the results of the analysis of swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx by RT-PCR RT. It was found that the intake of hot drinks before sampling (the probability of obtaining a false negative result is at least 80%) influences most of all on the possibility of obtaining a false negative result in RT-PCR-RT in swabs from the pharynx. The use of small doses of alcohol (0.25–0.33 g of ethanol per 1 kg of body weight) has a lesser effect. Smoking immediately prior to sample collection does not lead to a false negative result in real-time RT-PCR. None of the considered influences affects the possibility of obtaining false negative results in the analysis of swabs from the nasopharynx. Recommendations were made on the need for simultaneous examination of both throat swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs in the ongoing diagnosis of COVID-19
{"title":"Factors Contributing to False Negative Results when Performing Diagnostics of COVID-19 by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-56-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-56-65","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse transcription-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the leading laboratory diagnostic tool for COVID-19. With the help of RT-PCR-RT, diagnostics is carried out at the early stages of the development of the disease. The studied clinical samples, as a rule, are\u0000swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to false negative results when diagnosing COVID-19 by RT-PCR-RT. It is shown in the article, that the analytical sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR method is not the main factor in assessing the possibility of obtaining false negative results. The paper considers the effect of drinking hot drinks (tea, coffee), alcohol and smoking (immediately before sampling) on the results of the analysis of swabs from the pharynx and nasopharynx by RT-PCR RT. It was found that the intake of hot drinks before sampling (the probability of obtaining a false negative result is at least 80%) influences most of all on the possibility of obtaining a false negative result in RT-PCR-RT in swabs\u0000from the pharynx. The use of small doses of alcohol (0.25–0.33 g of ethanol per 1 kg of body weight) has a lesser effect. Smoking immediately prior to sample collection does not lead to a false negative result in real-time RT-PCR. None of the considered influences affects the possibility of obtaining\u0000false negative results in the analysis of swabs from the nasopharynx. Recommendations were made on the need for simultaneous examination of both throat swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs in the ongoing diagnosis of COVID-19","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88710726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-44-55
During the COVID-19 pandemic the experts noted the emergence and periodic change of the dominant variants of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the disease. The line B.1.1529, the omicron variant according to the WHO classification, became dominant in the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the work is to analyze the properties of B.1.1529 (omicron) viruses that ensure its ability to cause disease in vaccinated or previously recovered from COVID-19. The fifth wave is characterized by the parallel distribution of the delta and omicron variants, with the domination of the latter. The omicron variant arose as a result of multiple passages of SARS-CoV-2 through the organisms of immunocompromised patients. If the delta variant is the most virulent for humans, the omicron variant is certainly the most infectious - the value of the basic reproductive number (R0) for it is ≈ 10.0, for the delta variant ≈ 6, 0. A person infected with the omicron variant is capable of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a day. This is caused by a combination of N501Y and Q498R mutations in the omicron variant, which increase the affinity of the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the viral S protein for the ACE-2 receptor in the human lung. Mutations H655Y and N679K are located near the furin cleavage site, which in turn promotes accelerated cleavage of the S-protein and increases the level of infectiousness of the pathogen. The omicron variant is significantly superior to the delta variant in terms of ability to overcome the immunity caused by vaccination. The spread of the disease was not stopped by the fact that the number of people who completed the full course of vaccination at the beginning of the fifth wave in Russia reached 64%.Therefore, the achieved level of vaccination cannot be considered sufficient to stop the spread of this variant of the virus. It is shown in the article, that this indicator should be at least 80% to prevent the spread of the disease, and only if vaccination is carried out in a short time. However, it is possible that the mutational potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has not yet been exhausted, and the pandemic on the omicron variant will not end
{"title":"The Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: the Ability to Cause Disease in Persons with Immunity against COVID-19","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-44-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-6-1-44-55","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic the experts noted the emergence and periodic change of the dominant variants of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the disease. The line B.1.1529, the omicron variant according to the WHO classification, became dominant in the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the work is to analyze the properties of B.1.1529 (omicron) viruses that ensure its ability to cause disease in vaccinated or previously recovered from COVID-19. The fifth wave is\u0000characterized by the parallel distribution of the delta and omicron variants, with the domination of the latter. The omicron variant arose as a result of multiple passages of SARS-CoV-2 through the organisms of immunocompromised patients. If the delta variant is the most virulent for humans, the omicron variant is certainly the most infectious - the value of the basic reproductive number (R0) for it is ≈ 10.0, for the delta variant ≈ 6, 0. A person infected with the omicron variant is capable of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a day. This is caused by a combination of N501Y and Q498R mutations in the omicron variant, which increase the affinity of the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the viral S protein for the ACE-2 receptor in the human lung. Mutations H655Y and N679K are located near the furin cleavage site, which in turn promotes accelerated cleavage of the S-protein and increases the level of infectiousness of the pathogen. The omicron variant is significantly superior to the delta variant in terms of ability to overcome the immunity caused by vaccination. The spread of the disease was not stopped by the fact that the number of people who completed the full course of vaccination at the beginning of the fifth wave in Russia reached 64%.Therefore, the achieved level of vaccination cannot be considered sufficient to stop the spread of this variant of the virus. It is shown in the article, that this indicator should be at least 80% to prevent the spread of the disease, and only if vaccination is carried out in a short time. However, it is possible that the mutational potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has not yet been exhausted, and the pandemic on the omicron variant will not end","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73243219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-1-28-43
Previously, we developed the principle of constructing modular materials with specified properties, according to which organometallic composites, with nanoscale enzyme complexes introduced into them, are applied to a unified fabric platform. The resulting composites become a new platform for heterogeneous biocatalysis. Such a platform has high stability and good catalytic selectivity. The aim of the work is to study the properties of a unified fabric platform and to establish the possibility of giving materials (tissues) anti-chemical protective properties. The paper analyzes scientific and practical information on the production of composite fibrous materials with frame fibrous layers. The properties of a unified tissue platform and the mechanisms of protective action due to the enzyme containing formulation applied to it are investigated. As a unified fabric platform on which other special modules are applied, it is proposed to use para-aramid protective fabric (Rusar fiber), as well as other types of fabrics – mixed aramid-viscose, aramid-cotton, aramid-polyacrylate, metaaramide (Nomex fiber). The physical properties and chemical structure of aromatic polyamides, possible directions for the production of aramid fibers, the structure and structure of aramid fibers, the mechanisms of chemical processes in polyinide compositions of various compositions are considered. Approaches to giving materials (tissues) anti-chemical protective properties are determined. The catalytic characteristics of fibrous materials functionalized by enzyme-polyelectrolyte complexes carrying out hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds and mycotoxins have been studied
{"title":"U.S. Biowarfare Labs in Post-Soviet States","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-1-28-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2022-6-1-28-43","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we developed the principle of constructing modular materials with specified properties, according to which organometallic composites, with nanoscale enzyme complexes introduced into them, are applied to a unified fabric platform. The resulting composites become a new platform for heterogeneous biocatalysis. Such a platform has high stability and good catalytic selectivity. The aim of the work is to study the properties of a unified fabric platform and to establish the possibility \u0000of giving materials (tissues) anti-chemical protective properties. The paper analyzes scientific and practical information on the production of composite fibrous materials with frame fibrous layers. The properties of a unified tissue platform and the mechanisms of protective action due to the enzyme containing formulation applied to it are investigated. As a unified fabric platform on which other special modules are applied, it is proposed to use para-aramid protective fabric (Rusar fiber), as well \u0000as other types of fabrics – mixed aramid-viscose, aramid-cotton, aramid-polyacrylate, metaaramide (Nomex fiber). The physical properties and chemical structure of aromatic polyamides, possible directions for the production of aramid fibers, the structure and structure of aramid fibers, the mechanisms of chemical processes in polyinide compositions of various compositions are considered. Approaches to giving materials (tissues) anti-chemical protective properties are determined. The \u0000catalytic characteristics of fibrous materials functionalized by enzyme-polyelectrolyte complexes carrying out hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds and mycotoxins have been studied","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85906735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-353-365
Among the epidemic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus the main attention is currently attracted by the delta variant (B.1.617), first identified in India in the end of 2020. Since the appearance of the delta variant, the morbidity rate of COVID-19 in India has increased 20-fold. The overflow of the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus outside of India is one of the factors in the emergence of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of August 24, 2021 the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified in 193 countries. The purpose of this work is to analyze the delta variant of SARS- CoV-2 virus and the features of the disease caused by it. The main features of the delta variant are: a set of mutations affecting a significant functional area of S-protein; a transfer rate from person to person; a reduced incubation period of caused disease. In Russia, the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus appears no earlier than the end of April – beginning of May, 2021. The spread of the delta variant as the dominant one is associated with the emergence in early June 2021 of the third, and in mid-September – the fourth wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia. The epidemiological data for Russia show a sharp increase in the number of new cases of the disease, with a simultaneous increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths of the disease. The necessary measures to combat the epidemic are: first of all, accelerating the pace of vaccination, as well as the set of administrative measures, including limiting mass events, strict observance of the mask regime and social distance in public places
{"title":"The Characteristics of the Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Virus – the Dominant Agent of the Third and Forth Waves of Epidemic COVID-19 in Russia","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-353-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-353-365","url":null,"abstract":"Among the epidemic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus the main attention is currently attracted by the delta variant (B.1.617), first identified in India in the end of 2020. Since the appearance of the delta variant, the morbidity rate of COVID-19 in India has increased 20-fold. The overflow of the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus outside of India is one of the factors in the emergence of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of August 24, 2021 the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus has been identified in 193 countries. The purpose of this work is to analyze the delta variant of SARS-\u0000CoV-2 virus and the features of the disease caused by it. The main features of the delta variant are: a set of mutations affecting a significant functional area of S-protein; a transfer rate from person to person; a reduced incubation period of caused disease. In Russia, the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus appears no earlier than the end of April – beginning of May, 2021. The spread of the delta variant as the dominant one is associated with the emergence in early June 2021 of the third, and in mid-September – the fourth wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Russia. The epidemiological data for Russia show a sharp increase in the number of new cases of the disease, with a simultaneous increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths of the disease. The necessary measures to combat the epidemic are: first of all, accelerating the pace of vaccination, as well as the set of administrative measures, including limiting mass events, strict observance of the mask regime and social distance in public places","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80811417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-339-352
One of the limiting factors in the use of remote gas detectors, which significantly limits the possibilities of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method, is the presence of an atmosphere between the indication object and the measuring equipment. This problem can be avoided when designing sampling technical means of chemical reconnaissance and control. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects for the development, on the domestic element base, of sampling technical means of chemical control – gas detectors, operating on the basis of the FTIR spectroscopy. Portable devices with an «all-in-one» design were considered as prototypes. They allow to detect and identify pollutants directly at the place of application, without additional sample preparation and analysis of the indication object. The substantiation of the technical design of promising sampling technical means for the express monitoring of air contamination made it possible to propose a basic optical scheme of the base unit of the proposed technical means, in which radiation from an infrared emitter, equipped with projection optics, enters a multi-pass gas cuvette. After passing a given number of rereflections, the radiation leaves the cell and enters the interferometer. After modulation in the interferometer, the radiation is distributed through an interference light filter to two photodetectors. The predicted sensitivity of the proposed technical tool for vapors of toxic chemicals (10 -4 –10 -5 mg/liter) predetermines the possibility of its use as a portable tool for express gas analysis as part of mobile diagnostic teams and mobile complexes for monitoring NBC contamination
{"title":"Prospects for the Creation of Domestic Sampling Systems for Monitoring Air Pollution, Operating on the Basis of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Method","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-339-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-339-352","url":null,"abstract":"One of the limiting factors in the use of remote gas detectors, which significantly limits the possibilities of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method, is the presence of an atmosphere between the indication object and the measuring equipment. This problem can be avoided when designing sampling technical means of chemical reconnaissance and control. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects for the development, on the domestic element base, of sampling technical means of chemical control – gas detectors, operating on the basis of the FTIR spectroscopy. Portable devices with an «all-in-one» design were considered as prototypes. They allow to detect and identify pollutants directly at the place of application, without additional sample preparation and analysis of the indication object. The substantiation of the technical design of promising sampling technical\u0000means for the express monitoring of air contamination made it possible to propose a basic optical scheme of the base unit of the proposed technical means, in which radiation from an infrared emitter, equipped with projection optics, enters a multi-pass gas cuvette. After passing a given number of rereflections, the radiation leaves the cell and enters the interferometer. After modulation in the interferometer, the radiation is distributed through an interference light filter to two photodetectors.\u0000The predicted sensitivity of the proposed technical tool for vapors of toxic chemicals (10 -4 –10 -5 mg/liter) predetermines the possibility of its use as a portable tool for express gas analysis as part of mobile diagnostic teams and mobile complexes for monitoring NBC contamination","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84580652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-376-383
The Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection was formed in 1972. Its first name was the Department of operation and repair of means and armament of Chemical troops and means of protection. The work on the creation of the Department was headed by candidate of military sciences, Colonel Lev Nikolaevich Ilyin, currently doctor of military sciences, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Major General (ret). L.N. Ilyin headed the Department until 1991. The Department conducts classes in 8 academic disciplines, and also carries out exploratory and applied research in several areas of military sciences. In addition, the teaching staff of the Department participates in conducting classes on their topics at other Departments. Since 2020, the Department has been preparing drivers of category «C» for the NBC Protection troops. The scientific school of L.N. Ilyin is successfully developing at the Department. Certain areas of fundamental and applied research of the Department, p.ex. the theory and practice of organizing the technical support of NBC protection in operations, as well as determining and creating stocks of means and armament of NBC protection at the tactical, operational and strategic levels, are of particular relevance to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. For all the years of the existence of the scientific school of L.N. Ilyin five doctors and eighty-two candidates of sciences were trained. Representatives of the Department were directly involved in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the fighting in the Republic of Afghanistan, the Chechen Republic and the Syrian Arab Republic. Many of them have received government awards. From 2012 to the present, Igor Dmitrievich Blokhnin, candidate of military sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, has been the head of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection. Based on historical facts, the article analyzes the main stages of the formation and the development of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection as one of the main structural units of the Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko
{"title":"Department of Technical Support of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection: History and Modernity","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-376-383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-376-383","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection was formed in 1972. Its first name was the Department of operation and repair of means and armament of Chemical troops and means of protection. The work on the creation of the Department was headed by candidate of military sciences, Colonel Lev Nikolaevich Ilyin, currently doctor of military sciences, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian\u0000Federation, Major General (ret). L.N. Ilyin headed the Department until 1991. The Department conducts classes in 8 academic disciplines, and also carries out exploratory and applied research in several areas of military sciences. In addition, the teaching staff of the Department participates in conducting classes on their topics at other Departments. Since 2020, the Department has been preparing drivers of category «C» for the NBC Protection troops. The scientific school of L.N. Ilyin is successfully developing at the Department. Certain areas of fundamental and applied research of the Department, p.ex. the theory and practice of organizing the technical support of NBC protection in operations, as well as determining and creating stocks of means and armament of NBC protection at the tactical, operational and strategic levels, are of particular relevance to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. For all the years of the existence of the scientific school of L.N. Ilyin five doctors and eighty-two candidates of sciences were trained. Representatives of the Department were directly involved in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the fighting in the Republic of Afghanistan, the Chechen Republic and the Syrian Arab Republic. Many of them have received government awards. From 2012 to the present, Igor Dmitrievich Blokhnin, candidate of military sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, has been the head of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection. Based on historical facts, the article analyzes the main stages of the formation and the development of the Department of technical support of radiation, chemical and biological protection as one of the main\u0000structural units of the Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Protection named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-366-375
Enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction have become the «gold standard» for the detection of biological pathogens. The method of amplified immunoassay – immuno-PCR allows to combine both methods into a single platform to preserve their advantages and to achieve high sensitivity of the analysis. The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities and prospects of using PCR-amplified immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic biological agents. Immuno-PCR makes it possible to detect various non-nucleic antigenic determinants in PCR by amplifying a DNA tag conjugated with a specific antibody. The registration of the results is also possible in real time as in the real-time PCR test systems. The main methodological issues in the immuno-PCR technology are: the choice of a carrier of biomolecule complexes, the choice of a method for conjugation of detection antibodies and a reporter nucleic acid, optimization of methods for amplifying signal DNA and accounting for results, and development of methods for reducing background indicators. We consider it necessary to carry out research and development work on the development and the creation of diagnostic kits based on immuno-PCR. With regard to the task of detecting small and trace amounts of antigens of pathogenic biological agents, the most likely diagnostic «niche» of the immuno-PCR method will be the detection of toxins of microbial and non-microbial origin, the minimum clinically significant dose for which is less than the sensitivity of the corresponding immunochemical test systems. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the method, in future it is possible to develop such test systems for the detection of hapten analytes, for example, some toxicants of non-biological origin
{"title":"PCR-amplified Immunoassay (Immuno-PCR): Principle of the Method, Variants of Execution, Possibilities and Prospects of Use for the Detection of Pathogenic Biological Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-366-375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-366-375","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction have become the «gold standard» for the detection of biological pathogens. The method of amplified immunoassay – immuno-PCR allows to combine both methods into a single platform to preserve their advantages and to achieve high\u0000sensitivity of the analysis. The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities and prospects of using PCR-amplified immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic biological agents. Immuno-PCR makes it possible to detect various non-nucleic antigenic determinants in PCR by amplifying a DNA tag conjugated with a specific antibody. The registration of the results is also possible in real time as in the real-time PCR test systems. The main methodological issues in the immuno-PCR technology are: the choice of a carrier of biomolecule complexes, the choice of a method for conjugation of detection antibodies and a reporter nucleic acid, optimization of methods for amplifying signal DNA and accounting for results, and development of methods for reducing background indicators. We consider it necessary to carry out research and development work on the development and the creation of diagnostic kits based on immuno-PCR. With regard to the task of detecting small and trace amounts of antigens of pathogenic biological agents, the most likely diagnostic «niche» of the immuno-PCR method will be the detection of toxins of microbial and non-microbial origin, the minimum clinically significant dose for which is less than the sensitivity of the corresponding immunochemical test systems. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the method, in future it is possible to develop such test systems for the detection of hapten analytes, for example, some toxicants of non-biological origin","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-315-338
The implementation of chemical control in closed facilities is the most difficult task of the mobile diagnostic groups (MDG) of the NBC Protection Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to perform radiation, chemical and biological control at mass events at national and international levels. Built with the use of modern construction and finish materials, they have their own sources of indoor air pollution. In certain cases, the use of polymer and polymer-containing materials in the construction and decoration of such objects leads to the appearance of contamination zones inside these premises with a high concentration of chemical impurities and their transformation products, which poses a threat to human health and affects the reliability of the results of chemical control. The last factor poses the greatest danger, since, leading to an inadequate reaction of the chemical control equipment, it can mask the appearance of poisonous and / or hazardous substances in the air, nullifying the entire complex of measures to ensure chemical safety. The aim of the article is to analyze structural, building and finish materials used in the construction and decoration of facilities that are systematically examined by MDG for the detection of toxic volatile compounds. It is shown in the article, that in the presence of sources of volatile substances, including toxic ones, which can distort the results of chemical control at the surveyed objects, it is necessary to improve the equipment and methodological support of mobile diagnostic groups
{"title":"otential Danger of Structural, Building and Finish Materials of Objects Examined by Mobile Diagnostic Groups as Part of Chemical Control","authors":"","doi":"10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-315-338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2021-5-4-315-338","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of chemical control in closed facilities is the most difficult task of the mobile diagnostic groups (MDG) of the NBC Protection Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to perform radiation, chemical and biological control at mass events at national and international levels. Built with the use of modern construction and finish materials, they have their own sources of indoor air pollution. In certain cases, the use of polymer and polymer-containing materials in the construction and decoration of such objects leads to the appearance of contamination zones inside these premises with a high concentration of chemical impurities and their transformation products, which poses a threat to human health and affects the reliability of the results of chemical control. The last factor poses the greatest danger, since, leading to an inadequate reaction of the chemical control equipment, it can mask the appearance of poisonous and / or hazardous substances in the air, nullifying the entire complex of measures to ensure chemical safety. The aim of the article is to analyze structural, building and finish materials used in the construction and decoration of facilities that are systematically examined by MDG for the detection of toxic volatile compounds. It is shown in the article, that in the presence of sources of volatile substances, including toxic ones, which can distort the results of chemical control at the surveyed objects, it is necessary to improve the equipment and methodological support of mobile diagnostic groups","PeriodicalId":16578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NBC Protection Corps","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74219559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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