Journal of oral rehabilitation最新文献

Objectives

One approach for improving oral health is focusing on oral health literacy (OHL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between OHL and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to identify relevant OHL intervention targets that can be used to improve oral health.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional questionnaire study among 1889 10th grade female students in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We then assessed OHL using the Arabic version of the short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (A-HeLD-14). OHRQoL was assessed using the 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Information on socio-demographics and oral health-related behaviours (e.g., toothbrushing, sugary diet consumption and dental attendance) was also collected. The relationship between OHL and OHRQoL was investigated using binary logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic information and oral health-related behaviours.

Results

In both the adjusted and unadjusted models, poor OHL was significantly associated with OHRQoL problems (odds ration [OR] = 2.90, p < 0.001). Having any OHL problem was significantly associated with having an OHRQoL problem (p < 0.001). The ORs were highest for the domains of financial barriers (OR = 2.49, p < 0.001) and receptivity (OR = 2.16, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Interventions targeted at individuals with low OHL are crucial to improving OHRQoL in the population. The most relevant interventions concern (a) dedicating time and attention to oral health and (b) financial barriers.

Background

Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMDs) have the potential to cause changes in cervical muscle strength, muscle endurance and position sense by changing muscle activation patterns, especially as a result of forward head posture. The effects of TMDs on cervical joint position sense (CJPS) and head posture remain controversial.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the head posture and CJPS of individuals with TMDs and compare them with healthy individuals.

Methods

This research, which was designed as a case-control study, was concluded with the inclusion of total of 84 participants (42 individuals diagnosed with myogenic TMDs, 42 controls). The assessment of participants included pain severity, neck and jaw functionality and disability, CJPS, head posture and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) range of motion (ROM).

Results

Individuals with TMDs exhibited higher angular deviation in CJPS during flexion and extension (p < 0.001). Additionally, individuals with TMDs demonstrated higher TMJ pain, limitation and dysfunction severity, as well as a more limited TMJ ROM (p < 0.001). Head posture was similar between groups (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between VAS-TMJ with VAS-cervical, FAI, NDI, JFLS-8 and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between NDI with FAI and TMJ ROM (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results indicate that in addition to higher pain severity, disability and lower jaw ROM, CJPS of individuals with TMDs is also negatively affected. Also, parameters related to disability and functionality of cervical and TMJ were significantly correlated. Further studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to these results.

Background

Recently, the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) has been developed for use in clinical and research settings.

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to describe the process of forward and back translation and pilot testing of the STAB into Italian.

Methods

The English version of the STAB was adopted as a template for translation into other languages, according to a step-by-step procedure led by the expert STAB bruxism panel and mother tongue experts in the field. In detail, the translation team was made up of 12 subjects: three study coordinators, two forward translators, two back-translators and five expert panellists.

Following the translation process, a pilot test in patients, dentists and dental students was performed using the ‘probing’ method (i.e., subjects were questioned by the examiners about the perceived content and interpretation of the items) with the aim to assess the comprehensibility of the questions and response options, and the feasibility of the tool.

Results

This paper describes the translation process of the STAB and provides the outcomes of the pilot testing phase and the face validity assessment. The preliminary results suggest that, from a global point of view, the STAB reflects the characteristics required in clinical and research settings.

Conclusion

Thanks to the translation process, the Italian version of the STAB can be assessed on-field and introduced in the clinical and research field to get deeper into the study of bruxism epidemiology in Italy.

Objectives

To analyse different background factors that may serve as predictors for acquiring symptoms of severe COVID-19 disease.

Methods

A postal questionnaire was sent to the total population of individuals born between 1942 (80 years, n = 6299) and 1932 (90 years, n = 1904) living in the Örebro and Östergötland counties, Sweden, in 2017 and repeated in 2022. Tentative predictive factors for self-reported severe COVID-19 disease were based on the responses from the 2017 questionnaire related to general and oral health and prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Response rate to the main questionnaire in 2022 was 66% (5375/8203), and 577 reported having been sick with COVID-19 out of which 359 agreed to answer a separate questionnaire on COVID-19. This questionnaire was returned by 278/359 of the participants corresponding to a response rate of 77%. Information gleaned from the 2017 pre-COVID-19 survey revealed a relatively large number of associations between severity of subsequently self-reported COVID-19 disease and several diverse tentative related factors found in unadjusted regression analyses. Based on statistically significant correlations in the adjusted regression analysis, significant predictive factors (based on self-reports from 2017) for contracting severe COVID-19 were in decreasing order of odds ratios (OR): reported removable partial or complete denture usage (OR 6.2, CI 2.2–17.2); reported periodontal problems in the past year (OR 3.4, CI 1.1–10.4); and reported daytime dry mouth (OR 2.5, CI 1.2–5.2).

Conclusion

Removable dentures, periodontal problems and daytime dry mouth were predictors for developing symptoms of severe COVID-19 disease.

Background

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disease that affects multiple organ systems including bone and teeth. Limited knowledge exists on dental and oral health in patients with adult-onset HPP (aHPP).

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate oro-dental characteristics in patients with aHPP compared to healthy controls.

Methods

This case-control study included 20 patients with aHPP compared to 31 healthy controls. Oro-dental manifestations were examined by standardised interviews, clinical examinations as well as radiological registrations on panoramic radiograph (OP) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Results

The subjective experience of tooth fractures (p = 0.010), caries in permanent teeth (p = 0.032) and early loss of permanent teeth (p = 0.002) was significantly higher in patients with aHPP compared to the controls. In the aHPP group, the presence of specific teeth (p ≤ 0.045) and attrition of 11 were significantly lower (p = 0.012) compared to the controls. Opacity of a few teeth (p ≤ 0.049), presence of denticles (p = 0.024), the distance between the enamel–cement junction (CEJ) and the marginal bone level at specific sites (p ≤ 0.021) and crown height of 11 (p = 0.017) were significantly higher in patients with aHPP than in healthy controls.

Conclusion

The results indicate that patients with aHPP have a subjective experience of having poorer dental health. Loss of permanent teeth, less attrition, tooth opacities, denticles and larger distance between CEJ and marginal bone level are possible oro-dental findings in patients with aHPP.

Background/Objectives

Based on the premise that tongue and lip force is affected in individuals with orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs), orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) programs typically include the strengthening of orofacial muscles through isometric and isotonic exercises. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is indeed a measurable difference in maximum tongue and lip strength and endurance between subjects with and without OMDs, as well as to explore Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in this population.

Methods

Sixty healthy young adults (mean age 18.9 years, SD 0.69 years, range 18.0–21.4 years) participated in this study. Perceptual evaluation of orofacial functions was conducted using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) protocol. Participants were divided into three groups, namely those with physiological orofacial functions (POF; n = 20), those with inconsistent orofacial functions (IOF; n = 11), and those with consistent OMDs (OMD; n = 29). Maximum isometric pressure and endurance of tongue and lips were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14).

Results

The OMES total scores did not differ significantly between the three groups, though the subscale ‘function’ showed significant differences (13.637; p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences in maximum isometric pressure or endurance for tongue and lips, nor for OHIP scores, were measured between the three groups.

Conclusions

Although orofacial muscle strengthening is commonly part of OMT, current findings suggest the superfluity of these types of exercises in the treatment of OMDs in healthy young adults and may indicate the need to focus on awareness and rehabilitation of pathological functions in these individuals. Re-evaluation of the efficacy of OMT programs in different populations may be an important strategy going forward.

Objective

To investigate the frequency of bruxism, factors associated with bruxism and sleep disorders in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder and anxiety disorder who use antidepressants.

Methods

A total of 273 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder or depression who had been using antidepressants for at least 1 month were included, along with 273 healthy control groups. The patient and control groups completed a sociodemographic data form, Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale (EDSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a bruxism questionnaire. Additionally, the clinician confirmed the diagnosis of bruxism through a clinical interview.

Results

Bruxism was detected in 73.3% of the patient group and 28.2% of the control group (p < 0.001). The most commonly used antidepressants among patients were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram and sertraline. Within the patient group, individuals with bruxism had higher family history rates of teeth grinding (p = 0.034), PSQI scores (p < 0.001) and EDSS scores (p < 0.001) compared to those without bruxism. Positive correlations were found between the presence of bruxism and PSQI (p < 0.001) scores as well as EDSS scores (p < 0.001) in both the patient group and all participants. Regression analysis conducted on the entire sample revealed that family history rates of teeth grinding (p < 0.001), antidepressant use (p < 0.001) and PSQI score (p = 0.004) were associated with bruxism.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that a majority of patients diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders may experience bruxism, particularly those using SSRI-type antidepressants. Furthermore, individuals with bruxism may have poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness tendencies.

Background

The introduction of a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach has allowed achieving data on the frequency of different awake bruxism (AB) behaviours (i.e., teeth contact, teeth clenching, teeth grinding, and mandible bracing) reported by an individual in the natural environment.

Study Objectives

The fluctuation of AB reports over time has a certain degree of variability that has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to assess the long-term fluctuation of AB behaviours in a population of young adults.

Methods

A smartphone application was used to assess a real-time report on five specific oral conditions related to AB in a sample of 77 young adults, aged 24.0 ± 0.8 years. Data were recorded over three periods of 7 days, with a three-month interval for a total of 6 months.

Results

The average frequency of the relaxed condition was 72.9%, 78.2%, and 80.8% at the end of the first, second, and third sessions, respectively. On average, teeth contact and mandible bracing were the most frequently reported conditions, with a mean prevalence of 12.9% and 7%, respectively, whilst the frequency of teeth clenching and teeth grinding was less than 3%. The ANOVA test showed an absence of significant differences (p < 0.05) between the three recording periods, and the frequency was in general only moderately variable from day-to-day (e.g., the coefficient of variation (CV) for the condition “relaxed jaw muscles” was 0.3). No gender differences were detected either.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that in a population of healthy individuals, the frequency of AB behaviours over a six-month monitoring period is quite constant. This investigation represents a standpoint for future comparisons on the study of natural fluctuations of AB behaviours as well as on AB frequency in populations with risk/associated factors and possible clinical consequences.

Background

Emerging evidence suggests a link between salivary metabolite changes and neurodegenerative dementia, with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) implicated in its pathogenesis.

Objective

We investigated the effects of a clinical oral rehabilitation programme tailored for dementia patients on salivary flow rate, AMP levels and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods

Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG; n = 28) or the control group (CG; n = 27). Both groups received a leaflet on oral health. In addition, the EG received an oral care intervention that included individual lessons on oral muscle exercises and oral self-care practices. Saliva samples and OHRQoL data were collected at baseline and follow-up visits. Generalised estimating equation models were used to analyse the changes over time.

Results

At the 3-month follow-up, EG showed significantly lower histatin 5 (HTN-5) levels (β = −0.08; effect size [ES] = 0.72) than CG. At 6 months, EG exhibited improved salivary flow rate (β = 0.89; ES = 0.89) and OHRQoL (β = 6.99; ES = 1.31) compared to CG. Changes in salivary flow rate (β = 4.03), HTN-5 level (β = −0.78) and beta-defensin 2 level (BD-2) (β = −0.91) at 3 months predicted improved OHRQoL at 6 months (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our clinical oral rehabilitation programme reduced the level of salivary HTN-5, increased salivary flow rate and enhanced OHRQoL in dementia patients. Furthermore, changes in salivary flow rate, HTN-5 level and BD-2 level were associated with improvements in patients' OHRQoL.