Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) in bone regeneration of maxillofacial defects-a randomized double-blind pilot comparative clinical-radiological study","authors":"Khushboo Changani ,&nbsp;Anil Managutti ,&nbsp;Shailesh Menat ,&nbsp;Nirav Patel ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Kattimani ,&nbsp;Darshal Panchal ,&nbsp;E.K. Girija","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Defects of the maxillofacial skeleton lead to functional, aesthetic, social, and behavioral problems, that make the person isolate from the mainstream of society. So, bone regeneration is needed for the overall health. Since long time various materials have been used for bone regeneration with limitations. Recently, Eggshell derived hydroxyapatite [EHA] has been explored as a graft substitute. Hence EHA is evaluated and compared with SHA (synthetic hydroxyapatite) for its efficacy to accelerate bone regeneration in maxillofacial cystic defects.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Total of 20 bony defects randomly allocated to SHA and EHA groups for grafting after removal of pathology (cyst and granuloma) having ≤ 2 cm in size. Signs and symptoms were evaluated postsurgically for 2 weeks. Bone regeneration was assessed by blinded observer for study duration and method of intervention postoperatively at1^st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th month and 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found no statistical significant difference among clinical signs and symptoms between the groups. Whereas EHA showed better bone regeneration by the end of 6th month and 1 year compared to SHA with statistically significant difference in bone density[EHA group (136.04 ± 15.56) and SHA group (115.58 ± 16.26)]. Parameters like internal portion of surgical site, surgical site outline showed consistent results with density.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both EHA and SHA graft materials are equally efficient in early bone regeneration. The EHA showed promising results and enhanced bone regeneration with osteoconductivity, which indicates the eggshell waste-bio mineral is worthwhile raw material for the production of HA and is Go Green procedure. EHA is economic, compared with SHA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two sodium fluoride varnish systems in preventing dental caries in children: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mahesh R. Khairnar ,&nbsp;P.G. Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Harloveen Sabharwal ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar Jadhav ,&nbsp;Sheetal Badnaware ,&nbsp;Neha Shukla ,&nbsp;Ananta Kusumakar ,&nbsp;Zainab Akram ,&nbsp;Savitha Priyadarsini S ,&nbsp;Ridhi Ghodela","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental caries frequently affects first permanent molars soon after eruption due to their anatomical susceptibility. Fluoride varnish is a widely accepted preventive measure; however, different formulations vary in fluoride retention and cost. Evidence comparing both clinical outcomes and economic value of available varnishes in children remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of resin-based and alcohol-based 5 % sodium fluoride varnishes in preventing dental caries in permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A double-blind, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among 84 children (330 M) aged 6–8 years from a private school in Varanasi, India. Participants received either resin-based varnish (163 teeth) or alcohol-based varnish (167 teeth) at six-month intervals. Caries incidence was assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using ICDAS-II. A financial cost-benefit perspective was adopted, considering direct material and application costs borne by the provider and estimated restorative treatment savings for patients. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Caries incidence remained low in both groups after 24 months (resin-based: 7.4 %; alcohol-based: 7.8 %; p = 0.961). No significant differences were found in early or advanced lesions at any interval (p &gt; 0.05). ITT and Per-protocol analyses revealed negligible effect sizes (Cliff's Delta ≤0.05). Cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that the alcohol-based varnish produced ₹62.22 savings per ₹1 spent, compared to ₹8.47 in resin-based group. The cost to save ₹100 in future restorative expenses was ₹1.61 (alcohol-based) and ₹11.80 (resin-based).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both varnishes were equally effective, but alcohol-based varnish was substantially more cost-effective, making it a suitable choice for large-scale preventive programs in resource-constrained settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral stress distribution analysis on hafnium metal bar for implant superstructure- A finite element analysis","authors":"Budati Meghna ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Rajaraman ,&nbsp;Padma Ariga ,&nbsp;Saravanan Sekaran ,&nbsp;K Lokesh sai","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanical behavior of implant-supported prostheses is strongly influenced by the material properties of the bar framework, particularly under lateral masticatory loading. While titanium and cobalt–chromium are established materials, alternatives such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and hafnium may offer distinct biomechanical advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the lateral stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses fabricated with four different bar materials using finite element analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>ology: A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted on a mandibular edentulous model with four endosseous implants arranged in an All-on-4 configuration. Four groups were evaluated based on bar material: titanium (Ti), cobalt–chromium (CoCr), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and hafnium (Hf). A total of four simulation models were created, each subjected to a 100 N anterior and 300 N posterior lateral load. Von Mises stresses were analyzed in the bar, abutments, screws, and peri-implant bone.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PEEK recorded the lowest stress in the bar (∼25 MPa) and peri-implant bone but induced elevated stresses in the abutment (348 MPa) and screw (288 MPa). CoCr showed the highest stress within the bar (∼114 MPa) with lower values in other components. Titanium and hafnium presented a balanced stress profile, with no region exceeding 300 MPa. Hafnium closely mirrored titanium's biomechanical response, demonstrating efficient load distribution without critical stress concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Bar material significantly affects lateral stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses. Hafnium displayed biomechanical behavior comparable to titanium, indicating its promise as a potential alternative framework material. Further in vitro and clinical validation is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Alpinia calcarata extract promotes osteoblasts differentiation: An In vitro study","authors":"Rathika Ravi ,&nbsp;Deepavalli Arumuganainar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Copper-based biomaterials are increasingly investigated for bone tissue engineering due to their osteogenic and angiogenic properties. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly route for producing biocompatible nanoparticles. This study aimed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using <em>Alpinia calcarata</em> leaf extract and evaluate their cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential in vitro.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CuO NPs were synthesized by reacting copper nitrate trihydrate with A. calcarata leaf extract under alkaline conditions, followed by calcination. The nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR to confirm morphology, crystallinity, and functional group interactions. C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells were used to assess cytocompatibility (MTT assay, FDA staining), osteogenic differentiation (Alizarin Red S staining and quantification), and gene expression (qRT-PCR for Runx2, Col-I, and ALP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM and TEM revealed aggregated, spherical nanoparticles of &lt;100 nm, while XRD confirmed crystalline monoclinic CuO and FTIR indicated phytochemical capping. MTT and FDA assays showed CuO NPs were cytocompatible up to 50 μg/mL, with dose-dependent cytotoxicity observed at higher concentrations. Under osteogenic conditions, cells treated with 50 μg/mL CuO NPs displayed significantly enhanced mineral deposition compared to controls. Gene expression analysis demonstrated upregulation of Runx2, Col-I, and ALP, confirming promotion of osteogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Biogenically synthesized CuO NPs using A. calcarata extract are structurally pure, biocompatible at defined concentrations, and capable of enhancing osteoblast differentiation by stimulating matrix mineralization and osteogenic gene expression. These findings position A. calcarata–mediated CuO NPs as sustainable, multifunctional nanomaterials with promising applications in bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced tongue carcinogenesis: A systematic review","authors":"Chamathsara Hewa Kodikarage ,&nbsp;Menaka Batuwanthudawa ,&nbsp;Kalpani Senevirathna ,&nbsp;Wasala Mudiyanselage Kalpani Madhushika Ratnayake ,&nbsp;Sivasuntharam Induijaa ,&nbsp;Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe ,&nbsp;Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi ,&nbsp;Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani Siriwardena ,&nbsp;Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a significant etiological factor in tongue cancer, particularly among individuals without conventional risk factors such as tobacco or alcohol use. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HPV-induced tongue carcinogenesis is critical for advancing targeted interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically review existing literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations in HPV-associated tongue cancer, with emphasis on viral oncoprotein interactions, disrupted cellular signalling pathways, and immune evasion mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>Electronic databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and AMED.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search using relevant MeSH terms was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies involving human participants. Duplicates were removed, and studies were screened using the Rayyan software based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The search yielded 3,140 articles, with 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after full-text screening and manual search. Quality assessment indicated that 96.3 % of studies (n = 26) had low risk of bias, while one study (3.7 %) had high risk. Key findings showed that HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins interfere with tumor suppressor pathways (e.g., p53 and Rb), and activate PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Epigenetic alterations such as promoter hypermethylation, histone modification, and microRNA dysregulation were also implicated. HPV-positive tumours demonstrated immune evasion features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite progress in understanding HPV-related tongue carcinogenesis, further research is needed to explore tissue tropism and identify novel therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero id</h3><div>CRD42024593129.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 198-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility and odontogenic potential of an indigenous apitherapeutic pulp capping agent: A comparative in vitro analysis using hDPSCs","authors":"Ketaki Turbatmath ,&nbsp;S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ,&nbsp;Raghunandhakumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the cytocompatibility and odonto-inductive potential of an indigenously developed apitherapeutic pulp capping agent Api-Therapeutic Pulp Guard (ATPG) by assessing cell viability and dentinogenic gene expression using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>hDPSCs were exposed to eluates of ATPG and compared with calcium hydroxide (RC-Cal) and control. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, LIVE/DEAD staining was performed using calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) evaluated DSPP gene expression. This comprehensive approach provided complementary insights into cell metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and odontogenic potential of the test materials.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ATPG exhibited high cell viability (96.52 %), significantly greater than calcium hydroxide (84.25 %) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). LIVE/DEAD assay confirmed better membrane integrity with a predominance of green (live) stained cells. qPCR showed a 3.6-fold upregulation of DSPP gene expression in ATPG-treated cells, suggesting strong odontogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The ATPG formulation demonstrated superior biocompatibility and odontogenic potential compared to conventional calcium hydroxide, underscoring its promise for translation in regenerative endodontic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of infraorbital foramen location based on skeletal malocclusion, maxillary sinus pneumatization and infraorbital canal morphology using 3D CBCT scans","authors":"Gülay Açar ,&nbsp;Ahmet Safa Gökşan ,&nbsp;Guldane Magat","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Understanding the infraorbital foramen (IOF) location is crucial in terms of regional anaesthesia as well as facial filler injection and radiofrequency neurotomy. We aimed to define a safe infraorbital foramen (IOF) location zone using three dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and to evaluate the influence of skeletal malocclusion (SM), maxillary sinus pneumatization (MSP), and infraorbital canal (IOC) morphology on IOF position.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>3D models of 300 (170 female, 130 male, range 18–50 years) CBCT scans were used to identify the SM, MSP, and IOC types, and to measure the distances from IOF to infraorbital margin, pyriform aperture, and zygion to determine IOF position. Using combined distances the IOF location zone was formed and divided into nine zones.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IOF was predominantly located in the superocentral zones (Zones 1–6) in Class II patients, mostly associated with hypoplastic MS, Type I and IV IOCs. Conversely, in Class III patients mostly linked to hyperplastic MS, Type II and III IOCs, the likelihood of IOF was mainly observed in the inferocentral zones (Zones 4–9). Also, we observed a significant increase in the prevalence of Class I, hypoplastic MS, Type I and IV IOCs with age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results suggest that prediction of a safe IOF zone is possible based on SM, MSP, and IOC types in relation to gender and age within the studied population using 3D CBCT technology. This is essential for improved treatment planning and avoidance of iatrogenic injury during midface procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional recovery of demineralized dentin using a glutamic acid-modified electrospun scaffold: A multimodal in vitro characterization","authors":"Aruna Krishnan ,&nbsp;Sandhya Raghu ,&nbsp;Govindaraj Perumal ,&nbsp;Jayalakshmi Somasundaram ,&nbsp;Nishitha Arun","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dentin remineralization poses a significant challenge in restorative dentistry due to the complex structure and mineral-organic composition of dentin. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds present a biomimetic platform to facilitate mineral deposition. Functionalization of the scaffold, achieved through the incorporation of biomolecules like glutamic acid, which mimics non-collagenous proteins, may improve remineralization.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the remineralization potential of a glutamic acid-loaded polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA/Glu) scaffold on acid-demineralized dentin, through surface and mechanical characterization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nanofibrous scaffolds of PCL/nHA and PCL/nHA/Glu were fabricated and applied to demineralized human dentin discs. The samples were immersed in simulated body fluid for 7, 14, and 28 days. Changes in morphology and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Surface topography was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and mechanical properties were evaluated via nanoindentation, with statistical analysis conducted using one-way ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SEM imaging showed progressive mineral deposition in both scaffold groups, with the PCL/nHA/Glu group demonstrating organized crystallite formation and almost complete tubule occlusion by Day 28. EDS indicated earlier and higher Ca and P incorporation in the PCL/nHA/Glu group. AFM showed significant reductions in surface roughness later, while nanoindentation revealed increased elastic modulus and hardness in the PCL/nHA/Glu group by Day 14, indicating mechanical recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Glutamic acid-functionalized scaffolds significantly enhanced the remineralization of demineralized dentin, promoting organized mineral deposition and restoration of mechanical properties. These findings support using amino acid-modified scaffolds in dentin tissue engineering.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Functionalization with amino acids is crucial for mimicking the activity of non-collagenous proteins, transforming passive ion delivery systems into bioactive platforms for dentin regeneration. These scaffolds could serve as alternatives to traditional materials in restorative dentistry, aiding in the treatment of dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and enhancing pulp vitality and regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modeling of stem cell suppression by inflammatory cytokine networks: A synthetic transcriptomic approach for periodontal tissue engineering","authors":"Deepavalli Arumuganainar ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Yadalam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.11.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chronic inflammation in periodontitis disrupts the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through persistent cytokine activity. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 are major mediators that inhibit bone-forming pathways. However, the complexity of cytokine–gene interactions remains poorly characterized. This study presents a synthetic transcriptomic modeling framework to predict and interpret inflammatory suppression of stem-cell osteogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Time-resolved synthetic gene expression profiles were generated to simulate osteogenic induction under homeostatic, inflammatory, and resolution phases. A curated gene regulatory network (GRN) was incorporated to map cytokine–osteogenesis interactions. Graph autoencoders (GAEs) captured latent topological structure from the expression matrix, while deep neural classifier differentiated inflammatory from control states. The GSE283726 periodontitis transcriptome dataset and iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) were used for validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simulations showed that IL-1β and TNF-α strongly activated NF-κB signaling, suppressing osteogenic genes such as RUNX2 and ALPL. IL-6 exhibited context-dependent regulatory behavior. GAEs clearly separated inflammatory and regenerative modules, identifying IL-6 as a key intermediary. The classifier achieved an AUROC of 0.99 and &gt; 95 % accuracy. Validation with real datasets confirmed overlap in differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways, including Wnt inhibition (DKK1) and inflammatory GO terms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Biologically informed synthetic transcriptomics combined with graph autoencoding effectively models cytokine-mediated inhibition of PDLSCs. The framework identifies regulatory nodes supported by real data and offers potential for in silico drug testing. Future work will expand cytokine networks, incorporate diverse cell types, and explore transfer learning for regenerative periodontal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of a novel homeodomain protein in periodontal regenerative therapy: An in-vitro study","authors":"Bhavya Shetty ,&nbsp;Rohit Prasad ,&nbsp;Amrutha Rao ,&nbsp;Tanya Singh ,&nbsp;Akshatha Raj ,&nbsp;Safiya Fatima Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The goal of periodontal treatment is to halt disease progression and restore the structure and function of damaged periodontal tissues. Homeodomains—transcription factors prominently expressed during limb bud formation and craniofacial development—are abundantly present in the periosteum, and their expression continues in postnatal descendant cells, where they play a key role in bone homeostasis and fracture healing. These factors regulate stem cell differentiation critical for cementogenesis, osteogenesis, and periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration, making them attractive targets for periodontal tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. A deeper understanding of homeodomain protein functions could lead to innovative treatments for periodontal disease and alveolar bone defects. In this context, our study investigated the role of homeodomain proteins in periodontal regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Periosteum tissue was collected from a fracture site, and protein extracts were prepared. MTT and in vitro wound-healing assays were performed using a PDL cell line co-cultured with homeodomain protein (test group) and PDL cells alone (control group).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MTT assay revealed that a concentration of 5 μg/mL yielded the highest cell viability. In the wound-healing assay, significant differences between the control and test groups demonstrated that homeodomain expression enhances cell migration and proliferation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Homeodomain protein expression in the periosteum could serve as a novel biomarker for periodontal regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 222-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}