Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the pharyngeal airway dimensions and regional pharyngeal adipose distribution in the young adult minipig model.

Materials and methods: Eight 7-8-months-old Yucatan minipigs, half male and female, were sedated and placed prone to scan the pharyngeal region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using dynamic turbo-field echo (TFE)-sequence with respiratory gating and adipose-weighted sequence. Respiratory airflow velocity, pressure, and volume were also recorded. The sizes of velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway, and retroglossal areas were measured coronally during inspiration and expiration. The airway volumes from the nasal cavity to the retroglossal space were segmented, reconstructed, and evaluated in sagittal views. The adipose distribution in the tongue base, soft palate, pharyngeal wall, tongue body, and masseter muscle (reference) were segmented and measured in sagittal and coronal planes.

Results: The velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal areas were larger in inspiration than in expiration. These areas were also larger than that in the retroglossal space (p < 0.05). The nasal cavity showed a larger volume than that of the pharyngeal regions (p < 0.05). The adipose distribution was larger in the posterior region of the tongue base and anterior soft palate, both larger than the masseter muscle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The larger oropharyngeal dimensions and increased adipose distribution in the tongue base contribute to the functional morphology of the pharyngeal airway in the healthy minipig. These data provide the baseline for further analysis in enlarged and reduced tongue base minipig models.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the accuracy of robotic-assisted dental implant placement (r-CAIS) with conventional freehand, static computer-assisted (s-CAIS), and dynamic computer-assisted (d-CAIS) techniques.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to January 2024. Studies meeting PICOST criteria, including clinical and in vitro studies, were included. Data on coronal, apical, and angular deviations were extracted for meta-analysis. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the QUIN RoB and JBI RoB tools.

Results: A total of 134 models and 100 patients with edentulous and partially edentulous arches were included. Eight studies (four in vitro, four in vivo) were reviewed, demonstrating that r-CAIS offers superior accuracy compared to freehand, s-CAIS, and d-CAIS techniques. Among the studies, two in vitro and two in vivo studies had a low RoB, while others had a high RoB. The meta-analysis of five studies showed significant improvements in coronal, apical, and angular deviations with robotic systems.

Conclusion: Robotic-assisted systems showed greater accuracy than traditional non-robotic systems. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of clinical studies and potential funding biases. Moreover, the high cost of robotic systems presents challenges for routine clinical implementation. Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness and seek broader clinical validation.

Introduction: This is a double clinical trial conducted to study the patient satisfaction and comfort during and after surgical removal of impacted mandibular 3rd molar using Piezo electric tips.

Material and methods: Two groups of 25 each [14 (56 %) males and 11 (44 %) females] and [18 (72 % males and 07 (28 %) females] represented the Rotary and Piezo groups respectively with bilateral impactions. one side of the patient is operated by piezo and the other side by rotary instrument after a gap of 2-3 week between the procedures. The variables considered are pain, swelling, trismus, patient satisfaction and comfort. The readings were taken on base line,3rd day,7th and 14th day.

Results: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using means and standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The surgery time taken was more in the Piezo group (26.96 ± 12.201) in comparison with the Rotary group (21.32 ± 12.786- (p = 0.011∗). Satisfaction was rated better in the Piezo group (3.18 ± 0.909 vs 2.88 ± 0.881) (p = 0.013∗). Tactile sensation was less in the Piezo group (1.24 ± 0.436) vs (2.28 ± 0.678) (p = 0.001). Less pain was reported in the piezo group patients and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant only during the third day follow up (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: The overall patient satisfaction and comfort was better in piezo in spite of longer duration of surgery. It provides better quality of life as the patients experienced less pain and the total number of analgesics taken is significantly less compared to rotary group.

Introduction: Enamel translucency, essential for the aesthetic appeal of teeth, is primarily determined by its thickness, quality, and refractive index. Several factors, including age, genetics, diet, oral hygiene practices, fluoride exposure, and acidic challenges, can influence enamel translucency. Tobacco use, in particular, leads to significant alterations in enamel appearance by penetrating its micropores, causing yellowing and browning. Prolonged exposure to tobacco results in demineralization, increasing enamel porosity and reducing its translucency. Over time, this exposure leads to permanent discoloration and structural degradation, rendering teeth dull and opaque. To assess these changes, various methods such as visual examinations, digital photography, spectrophotometry, stylus profilometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are utilized.

Materials and methods: This study analyzed human enamel samples, including one unstained sample (Grade 0) and three tobacco-stained samples (Grades 1-3) according to Modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI), to investigate the impact of tobacco exposure on enamel structure. The samples were thoroughly cleaned and dried to ensure accurate results. High-resolution AFM imaging was employed to assess surface roughness, porosity, and microstructural changes induced by tobacco staining. A stylus profilometer was used to trace the surface topography, providing detailed measurements of surface irregularities. Additionally, a spectrophotometer was utilized to evaluate the optical properties of the enamel, focusing on changes in translucency and light absorption due to tobacco exposure.

Results: AFM analysis revealed a clear progression of enamel surface roughness from Grade 0 to Grade 3. The Sa and Sq values increased significantly with the severity of tobacco staining, indicating greater surface degradation. The stylus profilometer data corroborated these findings, with rising Ra values as the degree of staining intensified, highlighting the topographical alterations caused by tobacco exposure. Spectrophotometric analysis further demonstrated a decrease in enamel reflectance and an increase in light absorption from mild to severe staining, underscoring the detrimental optical effects of tobacco on enamel.

Conclusion: The combined use of AFM, stylus profilometry, and spectrophotometry provided a comprehensive assessment of the impact of tobacco staining on enamel translucency and surface roughness. The findings show that as staining severity increases, enamel translucency diminishes, and surface roughness worsens. These alterations not only affect the aesthetic appearance of teeth but also have potential implications for enamel functionality and long-term oral health.

Background: Bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers in a particular discipline brings forward the impactful papers published, the significant journals and the researchers in the field. These studies help in identifying research trends and research lacunae in the field, thus guiding the future research works. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (OPVL) is a challenging lesion with no uniform diagnostic criteria. Thus, bibliometric analysis of published papers in this field will help researchers and clinicians to get an overview of the research trends and the research lacunae associated with OPVL.

Method: A search was done with help of Scopus database in November 2023. The articles on OPVL were retrieved and reviewed thoroughly. The bibliometric data was also recorded.

Results: The impactful research papers were published in the time span of 1985-2022 with maximum output being in the decade 2011-2020. The highest citation received was 297 and the least was 4 (mean citations 34 ± 42.57). These papers were published in 47 different journals. Seven authors contributed 5 or more papers each. United States had the major contribution of papers (n = 28). There were 71 articles and 18 review papers in the top list.

Conclusion: This bibliometric and citation analysis of OPVL research papers will guide researchers and clinicians in understanding the research traits and thus, may help in making OPVL a less challenging lesion.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the styloid process (TBSP) phenotype and to identify suggestive images of calcified atheromatous plaques (CAP) in panoramic radiographs of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT). Additionally, it aimed to analyze the association between the bone mineral status of patients with parathyroid diseases and the radiographic findings.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted with individuals diagnosed with PHPT (n = 25) and post-surgical hypoPT (n = 25). A control group (n = 50) comprised individuals without parathyroid gland disorders. Panoramic radiographs were utilized for both quantitative (length) and qualitative (mineralization patterns) evaluation of the TBSP, as well as for assessing the prevalence of CAP.

Results: The frequency of TBSP exceeding 30 mm was significantly higher in the PHPT and post-surgical hypoPT groups compared to the control group. CAP occurred more frequently in the PHPT group. Cases of low bone mineral density (BMD) were associated with PHPT. In the PHPT group, low BMD was linked to an increased average TBSP length (p = 0.025) and a higher frequency of elongated TBSP (p = 0.022). Multivariate analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the T-score of the femoral neck and TBSP length in the PHPT group (p = 0.028).

Conclusions: Compared to the control group, individuals with PHPT and post-surgical hypoPT showed distinct imaging findings related to TBSP and CAP. Individuals with PHPT and low BMD showed a higher frequency of elongated TBSP.

Purpose: The study evaluated the influence of titanium discs, coated with polyacrylonitrile infused curcumin nanofibers on osteoblast activity.

Materials and methods: The titanium discs were coated with polyacrylonitrile nanofibers infused with curcumin. MG-63 cell lines were utilized for cell culture to assess osteoblast morphology upon exposure of curcumin on titanium discs. SEM comparison was made. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured after 2 and 7 days and the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity of the cells was quantified.

Results: The results indicated that the coating had a notable impact on mineralization, LDH and ALP activities. Significant differences were observed between uncoated and coated samples. The SEM analysis indicated that curcumin enhanced bone growth when the Ti discs coated with curcumin are implanted in the bone.

Conclusion: Polyacrylonitrile infused nano-curcumin fibers coated on titanium discs potentially enhanced osteoblast response and mineralization.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the long-term effects of orthognathic surgery on masticatory function in individuals with repaired complete cleft lip and palate and to compare the results with a control group.

Material and methods: A total of 40 individuals were prospectively analyzed before (PRE-ORTHOG) and approximately 12 months after orthognathic surgery (POST-ORTHOG). The participants were divided into two groups: 1) Cleft Lip and Palate Group (CLP): 20 adults with CLP undergoing orthognathic surgery (14 ♂, 6 ♀, age 24 ± 3 years), and 2) Control Group (CON): 20 paired adults with Angle Class I skeletal pattern who had never undergone orthognathic surgery (14 ♂, 6 ♀, age 25 ± 5 years). Three variables were evaluated: 1) Bite Force (BF) (measured in Newtons - N) presented as the average of the bite force from the right and left molars ( $\bar{x}$ RM + LM), using a gnathodynamometer (IDDK Kratos), 2) Masticatory Efficiency (ME) (ranging from 0 to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating poorer efficiency), assessed through a dual-color masticatory gum test analyzed visually and optoelectronically (ViewGum©), and 3) Masticatory Capacity (MC): patient-reported ability to chew, rated on a two-point scale (P/R = poor to reasonable, G/O = good to optimal).

Results: In the PRE-ORTHOG phase, the BF for the CLP group ( $\bar{x}$ RM + LM = 285 ± 141) was significantly lower compared to the CON group ( $\bar{x}$ RM + LM = 524 ± 202). In the POST-ORTHOG phase, the CLP group ( $\bar{x}$ RM + LM = 373 ± 129) showed significant improvements in BF in relation to the PRE-ORTHOG phase, with values similar to those of the CON group. Masticatory efficiency improved significantly in the POST-ORTHOG phase (0.222 ± 0.071) compared to PRE-ORTHOG (0.470 ± 0.126) in the CLP group, while PRE-ORTHOG values were worse than those of the CON group (0.148 ± 0.050). Furthermore, 45 % of CLP participants reported P/R MC before surgery, while none reported this after surgery, a statistically significant improvement. The POST-ORTHOG MC results for CLP participants were comparable to the CON group, with 100 % reporting G/O MC after surgery.

Conclusions: Overall, the group with CLP demonstrated impaired masticatory function in the preoperative phase compared to the control group across all variables analyzed. Orthognathic surgery improves masticatory function in patients with CLP, with postoperative parameters comparable to those of the control group.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the retention of complete dentures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with conventional and bioelectric impressions or transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS).

Materials and methods: A total of thirty (n = 30) completely edentulous patients were randomly distributed into two groups: Group-C (n = 15) (Conventional) and Group-T (n = 15) (bioelectric). In Group C, border molding was performed using the manual manipulation of borders, and the final impression was made using zinc-oxide eugenol. In Group T, border molding and final impression were performed with the TENS application. Dentures were fabricated, and retention was evaluated with a digital gauge. OHRQoL was assessed at insertion and after three months of follow-up using the Oral Health Impact Profile Edentulous in Hindi (OHIP-Edent-H) questionnaire. A two-way ANOVA test was used for the significance level (P < 0.05). Student t-test was used for intergroup comparison, and paired t-test was used for intragroup comparison of OHRQoL.

Results: There was no significant difference in the retention of maxillary and mandibular dentures fabricated with both techniques (P = 0.283, P = 0.682). Although, OHRQoL increased significantly in both groups at follow-up (P = 0.001). However, at follow-up, the Functional Limitation (FL) domain was significantly better in the conventional group.

Conclusions: Although, there was no significant difference in retention and OHRQoL between both groups. However, more clinical trials with large samples and longer follow-ups are required to reach a conclusive result.

Background: Periodontitis is considered to be one of the major risk factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity. Periodontogenic pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are the important pathogens associated with periodontitis. Chronic exposure to bacterial components induces changes in the nearby cells. Hence, the present study has been designed to identify the molecular mechanisms that could be associated with the two disease conditions viz., periodontitis and head and neck cancer.

Objective: The present study investigated the differential gene expression profile in human gingival keratinocytes treated with P. gingivalis (Pg), a bacterium associated with periodontal disease, and its possible association with the development of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: The study followed a computational design. Multiple tools and databases, such as GEOmnibus, STRING, Metascape, PANTHER, and UALCAN, cBioportal, were used to derive an association between gene expression during infection with P. gingivalis, and the resulting gene expression profiles were analyzed in the HNSCC dataset.

Results: The study revealed 29 genes from a pool of transcripts acquired after comparing the Pg-HIGK and Sham-HIGK. Among them, 3 genes i.e., FST, VRK3, and SGK1, were found to be overexpressed and significantly influenced patient survival. The upregulation of FST was found to correlate with poor prognosis in HNSCC patients.

Conclusion: The study provided insights into the possible association of FST, VRK3 and SGK1 in the development of HNSCC. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the functional role of these genes in establishing the cancer phenotype in patients with chronic infection with Pg.