Karyanti, Catur Sriherwanto, H. Khairiyah, T. Sukarnih, Y. Rudiyana, Cahyo S. Wibowo
Oil palm is a plant that produces vegetable oil. Quality oil palm seedlings with superior characteristics can be produced clonally using tissue culture techniques. The selection of explant sources is very important, and one of the explant sources that can be used is the young oil palm leaves. The ability of callogenesis and embryogenesis remains low, and this is thought to be related to endogenous hormones. This study is aimed to identify the types of endogenous hormones in explants of young clonal oil palm leaves and their relationship to callus and embryoid induction. The leaf midribs of six young oil palms were selected as explant sources. Explants were extracted and analysed for endogenous hormone content using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the analysis obtained various types of endogenous hormones in four oil palm clones. Zeatin hormones, ABA and IBA were found in two clones. Nine hormones were found in the other two clones, namely zeatin, kinetin, gibberellic acid, IAA, BAP, ABA, IBA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid with various concentrations. Young oil palm leaves with a more complete content of endogenous hormones have the potential to produce embryogenic callus in greater numbers and can produce embryoids to ensure that they can support the production of plantlets using tissue culture technology.
{"title":"ENDOGENOUS HORMONES FROM THE YOUNG LEAVES OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A RESPONSE TO In Vitro CALLUS AND EMBRYOID INDUCTION","authors":"Karyanti, Catur Sriherwanto, H. Khairiyah, T. Sukarnih, Y. Rudiyana, Cahyo S. Wibowo","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm is a plant that produces vegetable oil. Quality oil palm seedlings with superior characteristics can be produced clonally using tissue culture techniques. The selection of explant sources is very important, and one of the explant sources that can be used is the young oil palm leaves. The ability of callogenesis and embryogenesis remains low, and this is thought to be related to endogenous hormones. This study is aimed to identify the types of endogenous hormones in explants of young clonal oil palm leaves and their relationship to callus and embryoid induction. The leaf midribs of six young oil palms were selected as explant sources. Explants were extracted and analysed for endogenous hormone content using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the analysis obtained various types of endogenous hormones in four oil palm clones. Zeatin hormones, ABA and IBA were found in two clones. Nine hormones were found in the other two clones, namely zeatin, kinetin, gibberellic acid, IAA, BAP, ABA, IBA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid with various concentrations. Young oil palm leaves with a more complete content of endogenous hormones have the potential to produce embryogenic callus in greater numbers and can produce embryoids to ensure that they can support the production of plantlets using tissue culture technology.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42858698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basal stem rot (BSR) is one of the main oil palm diseases that have led to tremendous losses in oil yields for almost a century. Having markers, especially those that are linked to resistance (R) genes could potentially alleviate this problem by providing the tools to select palms that are tolerant or resistant to the disease. This study aimed to develop oil palm genomic markers that can distinguish oil palm plants with different levels of resistance to BSR. We identified 144 homologous R genes in the oil palm genome based on the conserved domain structure of known R proteins. Six simple sequence repeat markers were identified and used to genotype 40 palms with different levels of resistance to BSR. The observed and effective number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 and 1.57 to 4.30, respectively. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.67, with a mean of 0.46 while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.40 to 0.78, with a mean of 0.51. Analysis of genetic distances from the set of markers was able to differentiate susceptible and tolerant palm samples. These results may help in the early selection of durable BSR disease resistant oil palm cultivars.
{"title":"MOLECULAR SCREENING OF BASAL STEM ROT RESISTANCE GENES IN OIL PALM","authors":"Mohd Amin AB-HALIM","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0078","url":null,"abstract":"Basal stem rot (BSR) is one of the main oil palm diseases that have led to tremendous losses in oil yields for almost a century. Having markers, especially those that are linked to resistance (R) genes could potentially alleviate this problem by providing the tools to select palms that are tolerant or resistant to the disease. This study aimed to develop oil palm genomic markers that can distinguish oil palm plants with different levels of resistance to BSR. We identified 144 homologous R genes in the oil palm genome based on the conserved domain structure of known R proteins. Six simple sequence repeat markers were identified and used to genotype 40 palms with different levels of resistance to BSR. The observed and effective number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 and 1.57 to 4.30, respectively. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.67, with a mean of 0.46 while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.40 to 0.78, with a mean of 0.51. Analysis of genetic distances from the set of markers was able to differentiate susceptible and tolerant palm samples. These results may help in the early selection of durable BSR disease resistant oil palm cultivars.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48817265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes the contamination of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and Fe) and their effect on K, Ca and Mg availability in oil palm cultivated areas affected by bauxite mining activities using the combinations of geostatistic and geospatial analysis. A total of 64 soil samples were collected covering a total area of 420.21 ha by grid sampling technique. Spatial distributions of the heavy metals were determined using semivariogram and mapped using ArcGIS. The mean concentrations of Cu (138.94 ± 79.08 mg kg -1 ), Zn (233.55 ± 79.16 mg kg -1 ), Mn (847.88 ± 267.02) mg kg -1 ) and Fe (249 703.71 ± 101 408.72 mg kg -1 ) in this study were greater than the background values, the 95% ‘Investigation Levels’ determined for Malaysia soil and Dutch target values. Geoaccumulation index showed that the contamination was in the order of Fe> Cu>Pb>Zn> Mn. Semivariogram analysis of pH, Mn, Zn and Fe was aligned with the principal component analysis results, showing the contamination source originated from a similar identical source. In correlation to the nutrients, only K ex. , was found to be affected by the contaminants. These results provide a useful basis for the related agencies in identifying hotspots for future rehabilitation programs.
{"title":"GEOSTATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS AND NUTRIENTS AVAILABILITY IN SOIL OF OIL PALM PLANTATION AFFECTED BY BAUXITE MINING","authors":"M. Zulkifli","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0079","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the contamination of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and Fe) and their effect on K, Ca and Mg availability in oil palm cultivated areas affected by bauxite mining activities using the combinations of geostatistic and geospatial analysis. A total of 64 soil samples were collected covering a total area of 420.21 ha by grid sampling technique. Spatial distributions of the heavy metals were determined using semivariogram and mapped using ArcGIS. The mean concentrations of Cu (138.94 ± 79.08 mg kg -1 ), Zn (233.55 ± 79.16 mg kg -1 ), Mn (847.88 ± 267.02) mg kg -1 ) and Fe (249 703.71 ± 101 408.72 mg kg -1 ) in this study were greater than the background values, the 95% ‘Investigation Levels’ determined for Malaysia soil and Dutch target values. Geoaccumulation index showed that the contamination was in the order of Fe> Cu>Pb>Zn> Mn. Semivariogram analysis of pH, Mn, Zn and Fe was aligned with the principal component analysis results, showing the contamination source originated from a similar identical source. In correlation to the nutrients, only K ex. , was found to be affected by the contaminants. These results provide a useful basis for the related agencies in identifying hotspots for future rehabilitation programs.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil palm cultivation is expanding especially in Malaysia, where natural land occupied by small streams and rivers has been converted into an agroecosystem. This study assessed and estimated fish species richness and fish diversity in the tropical oil palm plantation in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, along with their importance, and conservation status. From 57 fish species recorded, 28 species were suitable as ornamentals, 21 species for both food and ornamentals, and four species were considered suitable as ornamentals, food, and sport fishing. About 54 fish species were classified in the Least Concern (LC) category while one species each was classified in the Data Deficient (DD) and Not Evaluated (NE) categories. More species can be recorded by increasing the sampling efforts as suggested by Chao 1 species richness estimator. Tributary Sungai Nerus has the highest fish species diversity and species richness, while Sungai Jeneris has the lowest fish species diversity, species richness, and species evenness. Continuous data collection can determine the true fish species richness and fish diversity in the oil palm plantation, which can help to suggest good management schemes to conserve fish fauna in this agroecosystem.
{"title":"FISH SPECIES RICHNESS, THEIR IMPORTANCE AND CONSERVATION STATUS IN TROPICAL OIL PALM AGROECOSYSTEM OF TERENGGANU, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA","authors":"Mohamad Aqmal Naser","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm cultivation is expanding especially in Malaysia, where natural land occupied by small streams and rivers has been converted into an agroecosystem. This study assessed and estimated fish species richness and fish diversity in the tropical oil palm plantation in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, along with their importance, and conservation status. From 57 fish species recorded, 28 species were suitable as ornamentals, 21 species for both food and ornamentals, and four species were considered suitable as ornamentals, food, and sport fishing. About 54 fish species were classified in the Least Concern (LC) category while one species each was classified in the Data Deficient (DD) and Not Evaluated (NE) categories. More species can be recorded by increasing the sampling efforts as suggested by Chao 1 species richness estimator. Tributary Sungai Nerus has the highest fish species diversity and species richness, while Sungai Jeneris has the lowest fish species diversity, species richness, and species evenness. Continuous data collection can determine the true fish species richness and fish diversity in the oil palm plantation, which can help to suggest good management schemes to conserve fish fauna in this agroecosystem.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47311732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit bunches is still performed manually, involving extensive energy, awkward postures or repetitive motion, and often under strenuous conditions. Exoskeleton technologies are increasingly being explored for performance augmentation and ergonomics intervention in industrial settings. For challenging environments, like the oil palm plantation, the dynamic interactions between user, task and environment is non-trivial. Importantly, an exoskeleton should not impede a worker’s movement and task performance throughout the period of wear. Intrinsically, designing an exoskeleton for oil palm harvesting entails that the dynamic interactions between the harvester, the pole, and surrounding objects is considered early in the design process. We adopted the systems approach to designing an upper limb exoskeleton to assist oil palm harvesters. The proposed design is a slimline passive exoskeleton that provides an assistive force through compression springs in the upper arm region. Structural analysis and a preliminary prototype evaluation were performed for design verification. The weakest component was the back plate. Nevertheless, permanent deformation would only occur when an equivalent of 26 kg load is applied to the exoskeleton arm. Future work includes optimising the design and elucidating its long-term effects on the harvester’s efficiency and field productivity through biomechanical analysis and field tests.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A PASSIVE WEARABLE EXOSKELETON TO ASSIST OIL PALM HARVESTING OPERATION","authors":"Muhammad Fuad Mohamad","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0075","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit bunches is still performed manually, involving extensive energy, awkward postures or repetitive motion, and often under strenuous conditions. Exoskeleton technologies are increasingly being explored for performance augmentation and ergonomics intervention in industrial settings. For challenging environments, like the oil palm plantation, the dynamic interactions between user, task and environment is non-trivial. Importantly, an exoskeleton should not impede a worker’s movement and task performance throughout the period of wear. Intrinsically, designing an exoskeleton for oil palm harvesting entails that the dynamic interactions between the harvester, the pole, and surrounding objects is considered early in the design process. We adopted the systems approach to designing an upper limb exoskeleton to assist oil palm harvesters. The proposed design is a slimline passive exoskeleton that provides an assistive force through compression springs in the upper arm region. Structural analysis and a preliminary prototype evaluation were performed for design verification. The weakest component was the back plate. Nevertheless, permanent deformation would only occur when an equivalent of 26 kg load is applied to the exoskeleton arm. Future work includes optimising the design and elucidating its long-term effects on the harvester’s efficiency and field productivity through biomechanical analysis and field tests.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Entomopathogenic fungi are key components of biological pest control programs. Among these, Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the best-studied and has been demonstrated to be particularly effective against coleopterans. The native M. anisopliae CPMa1502, previously selected for its insecticidal activity against Demotispa neivai (oil palm fruit scraper), was studied to establish its growth parameters under several culture conditions and its virulence on different stages of D. neivai . Considerable conidia production of CPMa1502 on MAYP (Maltose Agar Yeast with Potato Extract) and SMAYR (Sabouraud Maltose Agar with yeast extract and rice extract) agar was observed (1x10 9 conidia cm –2 at 14 days). The isolate was highly tolerant to a wide range of pH (5-9; germination >90%; radial growth rate: 0.95-1.02 mm day –1 ) but moderately tolerant to high temperatures (>35°C). Additionally, the adhesion capacity to D. neivai cuticle and conidial hydrophobicity was strong (114 conidia mm –2 : 72%). Finally, the insecticidal activity of CPMa1502 was greater on larvae than on adults, with a mean lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 1.8x10 4 conidia mL –1 and a mean lethal time (LT 50 ) of 4.3 days, than on adults. These findings show that CPMa1502 is a promising candidate for further development as a biopesticide against D. neivai .
昆虫病原真菌是害虫生物防治计划的关键组成部分。其中，绿僵菌是研究得最好的一种，已被证明对鞘翅目昆虫特别有效。研究了以对油棕刮果虫（Demotispa neivai）具有杀虫活性而筛选出的天然M.anisopliae CPMa1502在几种培养条件下的生长参数及其对不同时期的毒力。在MAYP（含马铃薯提取物的麦芽琼脂酵母）和SMAYR（含酵母提取物和大米提取物的沙氏麦芽琼脂）琼脂上观察到CPMa1502的大量分生孢子产生（14天时为1x10 9分生孢子cm–2）。该分离物对宽pH范围具有高度耐受性（5-9；发芽率>90%；径向生长率：0.95-1.02 mm day–1），但对高温（>35°C）具有中等耐受性。此外，对D.neivai角质层的粘附能力和分生孢子的疏水性很强（114分生孢子mm–2:72%）。最后，CPMa1502对幼虫的杀虫活性大于对成虫的杀虫活性，平均致死浓度（LC 50）为1.8x10 4分生孢子mL–1，平均致死时间（LT 50）为4.3天。这些发现表明，CPMa1502是一种很有前途的候选生物杀虫剂，可用于进一步开发。
{"title":"INITIAL CHARACTERISATION OF Metarhizium anisopliae CPMa1502 FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOPESTICIDE AGAINST THE OIL PALM FRUIT SCRAPER Demotispa neivai (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Ginna Quiroga Cubides","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic fungi are key components of biological pest control programs. Among these, Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the best-studied and has been demonstrated to be particularly effective against coleopterans. The native M. anisopliae CPMa1502, previously selected for its insecticidal activity against Demotispa neivai (oil palm fruit scraper), was studied to establish its growth parameters under several culture conditions and its virulence on different stages of D. neivai . Considerable conidia production of CPMa1502 on MAYP (Maltose Agar Yeast with Potato Extract) and SMAYR (Sabouraud Maltose Agar with yeast extract and rice extract) agar was observed (1x10 9 conidia cm –2 at 14 days). The isolate was highly tolerant to a wide range of pH (5-9; germination >90%; radial growth rate: 0.95-1.02 mm day –1 ) but moderately tolerant to high temperatures (>35°C). Additionally, the adhesion capacity to D. neivai cuticle and conidial hydrophobicity was strong (114 conidia mm –2 : 72%). Finally, the insecticidal activity of CPMa1502 was greater on larvae than on adults, with a mean lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 1.8x10 4 conidia mL –1 and a mean lethal time (LT 50 ) of 4.3 days, than on adults. These findings show that CPMa1502 is a promising candidate for further development as a biopesticide against D. neivai .","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43244678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the predominant deterrents of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia, especially in red-yellow podzolic soils, is nitrogen constraint, which is accelerated by heavy persistent rainfall and severe tropical temperature. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the effect of low-dose urea fertilisation with 0.12% N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) coating on the metabolic characters, the yield components, and the total yield of the oil palm. The field experiment was conducted for twelve months between November 2016 and November 2017 at the Seruyan Tengah Oil Palm Plantation, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The experimental design utilised a single factor complete randomised block design with three blocks as repeatition. The applications consisted of the untreated one, without [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], with 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT, 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], and 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT. The results demonstrated that low-dose fertilisation of 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT elevated the N content of the leaf tissue, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), fructose biphosphate synthase (FBS), reducing sugar, sucrose, and invertase activity while reducing the dosage of [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] by 20.00% in comparison to the high dose treatment of 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO].
在印度尼西亚，特别是在红黄灰化土中，油棕种植的主要阻碍因素之一是氮限制，而持续强降雨和热带高温加剧了氮限制。本试验旨在研究0.12% N-(正丙基)硫磷三酰胺(NPPT)和N-(正丁基)硫磷三酰胺(NBPT)包衣小剂量尿素施肥对油棕代谢性状、产量组成及总产量的影响。该田间试验于2016年11月至2017年11月在印度尼西亚加里曼丹省中部Seruyan Regency的Seruyan Tengah油棕种植园进行，为期12个月。实验设计采用单因素完全随机分组设计，其中三个分组重复。未添加[(nh2) 2 CO]的处理，分别添加195 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO]、195 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT和NBPT、156 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO]和156 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT和NBPT。结果表明，与195 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO]高剂量处理相比，156 kg ha - 1 [(nh2) 2 CO]低剂量施肥+ 0.12% NPPT和NBPT提高了叶片组织氮含量、硝酸盐还原酶活性(NRA)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、果糖二磷酸合成酶(FBS)、还原糖、蔗糖和转化酶活性，同时使[(nh2) 2 CO]的用量减少了20.00%。
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE AND FRUCTOSE BISPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE IN OIL PALMS FERTILISED WITH LOW NITROGEN [(NH2)2CO] DOSE WITH NPPTNBPT COATING IN RED-YELLOW PODZOLIC SOIL","authors":"Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0074","url":null,"abstract":"One of the predominant deterrents of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia, especially in red-yellow podzolic soils, is nitrogen constraint, which is accelerated by heavy persistent rainfall and severe tropical temperature. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the effect of low-dose urea fertilisation with 0.12% N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) coating on the metabolic characters, the yield components, and the total yield of the oil palm. The field experiment was conducted for twelve months between November 2016 and November 2017 at the Seruyan Tengah Oil Palm Plantation, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The experimental design utilised a single factor complete randomised block design with three blocks as repeatition. The applications consisted of the untreated one, without [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], with 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT, 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO], and 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT. The results demonstrated that low-dose fertilisation of 156 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] + 0.12% NPPT and NBPT elevated the N content of the leaf tissue, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), fructose biphosphate synthase (FBS), reducing sugar, sucrose, and invertase activity while reducing the dosage of [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] by 20.00% in comparison to the high dose treatment of 195 kg ha −1 [(NH 2 ) 2 CO].","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The narrow genetic diversity coupled with intensive selection has reduced the variability of yield components and vegetative traits of oil palm breeding populations. Thus, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the genetic variability of oil palm breeding populations using AFLP markers. The eight AFLP primer pairs utilised in this study generated 228 bands across 67 populations. As expected, populations created from intercrossing revealed relatively higher levels of genetic diversity compared with those derived from selfings. The dendrogram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the DxD palms indicated a high genetic similarity. Among palms from the TxT/P crosses, the groupings were aligned according to the agency, signifying the accumulation of distinctive sets of alleles, likely due to the different selection pressure imposed by the respective agency. In PCA, the TxT palms, however, revealed a close genetic relationship indicating the need for incorporating new genetic resources to widen the genetic base. Based on the results, it is recommended the introduction of new genetic resources into the dura and tenera / pisifera populations. Additionally, crossing palms from populations of high genetic distances and adopting intercrossing scheme should result in off-springs with considerable diversity for selection gain in future breeding programmes.
{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MALAYSIAN OIL PALM BREEDING POPULATIONS USING AFLP MARKERS","authors":"Maizura Ithnin","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0073","url":null,"abstract":"The narrow genetic diversity coupled with intensive selection has reduced the variability of yield components and vegetative traits of oil palm breeding populations. Thus, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the genetic variability of oil palm breeding populations using AFLP markers. The eight AFLP primer pairs utilised in this study generated 228 bands across 67 populations. As expected, populations created from intercrossing revealed relatively higher levels of genetic diversity compared with those derived from selfings. The dendrogram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the DxD palms indicated a high genetic similarity. Among palms from the TxT/P crosses, the groupings were aligned according to the agency, signifying the accumulation of distinctive sets of alleles, likely due to the different selection pressure imposed by the respective agency. In PCA, the TxT palms, however, revealed a close genetic relationship indicating the need for incorporating new genetic resources to widen the genetic base. Based on the results, it is recommended the introduction of new genetic resources into the dura and tenera / pisifera populations. Additionally, crossing palms from populations of high genetic distances and adopting intercrossing scheme should result in off-springs with considerable diversity for selection gain in future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46381996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The palm oil industry in Malaysia is an essential source of export revenue for the nation. As demand for palm oil grows in the international market, the industry has been experiencing mounting pressure to ensure sustainable development. The necessity for sustainable palm oil is amplified with European Union’s requirement for certified and sustainably produced palm oil to enter its market. The commodity is also inundated with anti-palm oil campaigns, which emphasise allegations of unsustainable practices. Collectively, these challenges pose a formidable impact on the palm oil trade. However, there are insufficient studies that review the existing literature on the challenges related to palm oil sustainability. Hence, this article presents a review on the environmental and health sustainability concerns the Malaysian palm oil sector faces when trading in the European market. The findings of the article suggest the development of strategies by multi-stakeholders to improve commodity competitiveness in the international market. One strategy proposed in this article is to engage the media and Non-Governmental Organisations in developing effective communication mechanisms to disseminate a more balanced perspective of the commodity. A positive voice on the existing sustainability measures could help shape an unbiased public opinion on palm oil production, trade, and consumption.
{"title":"THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES OF MALAYSIAN PALM OIL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION","authors":"Lakshmy Naidu","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0072","url":null,"abstract":"The palm oil industry in Malaysia is an essential source of export revenue for the nation. As demand for palm oil grows in the international market, the industry has been experiencing mounting pressure to ensure sustainable development. The necessity for sustainable palm oil is amplified with European Union’s requirement for certified and sustainably produced palm oil to enter its market. The commodity is also inundated with anti-palm oil campaigns, which emphasise allegations of unsustainable practices. Collectively, these challenges pose a formidable impact on the palm oil trade. However, there are insufficient studies that review the existing literature on the challenges related to palm oil sustainability. Hence, this article presents a review on the environmental and health sustainability concerns the Malaysian palm oil sector faces when trading in the European market. The findings of the article suggest the development of strategies by multi-stakeholders to improve commodity competitiveness in the international market. One strategy proposed in this article is to engage the media and Non-Governmental Organisations in developing effective communication mechanisms to disseminate a more balanced perspective of the commodity. A positive voice on the existing sustainability measures could help shape an unbiased public opinion on palm oil production, trade, and consumption.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45035477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palm oil is one of the most widely commercialised vegetable oils globally. This oil contains important phytonutrients, such as carotenoids (provitamin A), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E). These phytonutrients are thermally degraded and removed from crude palm oil (CPO) through bleaching techniques in the refinement process. This article focuses on using membrane technology as a green alternative to recover these compounds, specifically, the use of nanofiltration as a potential mechanism for recovering edible oil phytonutrients from palm oil. Furthermore, due to the few studies related to this topic, the review also highlights microfiltration and ultrafiltration uses in other crude oils (CO) for degumming and deacidification refining processes for phospholipids (Pl) and free fatty acids (FFA) removal. Finally, an overview of the biological functions of palm oil phytonutrients in health and their applications in the food industry is presented.
{"title":"MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE OIL INDUSTRY AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOR THE RECOVERY OF PHYTONUTRIENTS FROM PALM OIL","authors":"Adriana Isabel RADA-BULA1","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2022.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2022.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil is one of the most widely commercialised vegetable oils globally. This oil contains important phytonutrients, such as carotenoids (provitamin A), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E). These phytonutrients are thermally degraded and removed from crude palm oil (CPO) through bleaching techniques in the refinement process. This article focuses on using membrane technology as a green alternative to recover these compounds, specifically, the use of nanofiltration as a potential mechanism for recovering edible oil phytonutrients from palm oil. Furthermore, due to the few studies related to this topic, the review also highlights microfiltration and ultrafiltration uses in other crude oils (CO) for degumming and deacidification refining processes for phospholipids (Pl) and free fatty acids (FFA) removal. Finally, an overview of the biological functions of palm oil phytonutrients in health and their applications in the food industry is presented.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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