Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Diet Quality Indices, All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Dementia-Outcomes from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.","authors":"Briar L McKenzie, Dominic Cavenagh, Clare Collins, Katie Harris, Mark Woodward","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia are the leading causes of death for Australian women. Diet is a modifiable risk factor; however, extent of risk reduction by type of diet is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between indices of diet quality: Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), Mediterranean diet food score (MDFS), and cluster analysis, with all-cause mortality, CVD, and dementia in women. A secondary aim was to investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 9584 participants from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) 1946-1951 cohort, with diet information from Food Frequency Questionnaires in 2001 and outcomes assessed at 2020. Five food clusters were identified using the K-means approach. Cox models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality, CVD and dementia according to quarters of the ARFS and MDFS and by food group clusters, with final models adjusted for health status, behaviors and SES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 656 deaths, 1585 incidents of CVD and 165 dementia diagnoses during 17.2 years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, HRs comparing the highest (best) to lowest quarter of diet quality were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.78; P < 0.001) for the ARFS, 0.64 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.87; P = 0.005) for the MDFS, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; P = 0.02) when comparing a diet higher in protein intake and lower milk/yogurt intake to diets higher in discretionary foods and lower in fruit and vegetables. There were no associations between diet indices with CVD and dementia outcomes or influence of SES on findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better quality diets were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, and there were no associations identified between diet and CVD or dementia outcomes. These findings provide insights into the potential benefits of improving diet quality of Australian women to improve longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic Risk and Prevention and Interventions in Parkinson Disease: From a Nutrition-Based Perspective","authors":"Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-Xian Liu ,&nbsp;Yun-Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Qiu-Yan Yu ,&nbsp;Samwel Sylvester Msigwa ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hai Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong-Mei Wu ,&nbsp;Jian-Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Current treatments for PD primarily focus on alleviating symptoms rather than altering the progression of the disease. The sporadic form of PD, which accounts for most cases, is thought to arise from a complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental factors. This review aimed to examine epidemiologic evidence regarding nutrition-related exposure factors and their associations with risk of developing PD. We proposed a tentative conclusion for each factor based on the available evidence. These associations may vary by gender and depend on dietary intake patterns and adherence. We also reviewed clinical trials on nutrition-related interventions for PD symptoms and progression. Future clinical trials may benefit from combining nutrition factors in intervention and testing within single-gender cohorts or subgroups defined by epidemiologic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1019-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The STRIPED Dietary Supplement Label Explorer: A Tool to Identify Supplements Sold with Weight-Loss, Muscle-Building, and Cleanse/Detox Claims","authors":"Julia A Vitagliano ,&nbsp;Jill R Kavanaugh ,&nbsp;Boone Gorges ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Fu ,&nbsp;Kieran Todd ,&nbsp;Carly E Milliren ,&nbsp;Amanda Raffoul ,&nbsp;S Bryn Austin","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited federal premarket oversight over United States-sold dietary supplements impedes consumer safety and product efficacy. The Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) was created to increase publicly available information on United States-sold dietary supplements. Building on what the DSLD was designed to provide, we aimed to create a comprehensive database that can facilitate searches on supplements sold with weight loss, muscle building, and cleanse/detox claims, supplement categories previously flagged for misleading claims and containing toxic ingredients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to leverage publicly available DSLD Application Programming Interface (API) to develop an easy-to-use tool to classify DSLD supplement labels with weight loss, muscle building and cleanse/detox claims.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 4-step categorization methodology was used to develop the tool: <em>1</em>) create reference standard database by deductively coding claims (weight loss, muscle building, and cleanse/detox) on 5000 DSLD labels; <em>2</em>) develop 3 systematic heuristics (1 per claim) and refine heuristics as assessed by recall, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, F1 Score, and accuracy; <em>3</em>) develop multimodal deep learning model as an additional method to identify the 3 claims; and <em>4</em>) compare models’ performance using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and efficiency analyses (i.e. hours of human labor taken to develop each model).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 4745 DSLD labels included in the reference standard database, 4.2% were defined using the criteria as weight loss, 6.3% muscle building, and 3.0% cleanse/detox. Three systematic heuristics for each claim were refined 4 times, with pass 4 exceeding prior passes’ performances. ROC curve analyses indicated that systematic heuristic performed significantly better (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than the multimodal deep learning model at classifying cleanse/detox labels, yet efficiency analyses found systematic heuristics less efficient (110 compared with 30 h).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings illustrate the feasibility of using the DSLD API to create a tool that classifies weight loss, muscle building, and cleanse/detox labels using our supplement label categorization methodology. This publicly available tool, STRIPED Dietary Supplement Label Explorer<em>,</em> may be used to support future research and the monitoring of claims on dietary supplement labels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1258-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Low-Calorie Sweeteners with Selected Circulating Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy","authors":"Xinyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Allison C Sylvetsky ,&nbsp;Marjorie L McCullough ,&nbsp;Jean A Welsh ,&nbsp;Terryl J Hartman ,&nbsp;Erin P Ferranti ,&nbsp;Caroline Y Um","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are popular sugar substitutes and have been shown to alter the gut microbiota, which raises concerns about potential impacts on intestinal permeability.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine cross-sectional associations between LCS consumption and circulating biomarkers of intestinal permeability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 572 United States adults participating in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy who provided ≤2 fasting blood samples, collected 6 mo apart, to measure biomarkers of intestinal permeability including antibodies to flagellin (anti-flagellin), lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS), and total antibodies; and ≤6 24-h dietary recalls, collected over the course of 12 mo, to estimate average intake of LCS including aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame-potassium, and saccharin. Multivariable linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, was used to examine associations between LCS consumption and levels of intestinal permeability biomarkers by comparing mean differences in biomarkers among lower (&gt;0 to ≤50th percentile) (<em>n</em> = 158) and higher (&gt;50th percentile) LCS consumers (<em>n</em> = 157) than nonconsumers. A linear trend across nonconsumers and the 2 consumption categories was evaluated using a continuous variable based on the median LCS intake (median = 0, 11.3, and 124.2 mg/d for non-, lower, and higher consumers, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 572 study participants, the mean age was 52.5 y, 63.3% were female, 60.7% were on-Hispanic White, and 55.1% reported consuming LCS-containing products. Greater LCS consumption was not associated with anti-flagellin, anti-LPS, or total antibodies. Additionally, no associations between specific types of LCS and intestinal permeability biomarkers were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of our study did not demonstrate an association between LCS consumption and intestinal permeability biomarkers. Further research with larger sample sizes and randomized controlled trials is needed to confirm our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1226-1235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of MTHFR C677T, MTHFRA1298C, and MTRRA66G Gene Polymorphisms with Hyperhomocysteinemia and Its Modulation by the Combined Effect of Vitamin B12 and Folate in Chinese Population with Hypertension","authors":"Sultan Mehmood Siddiqi ,&nbsp;Lishun Liu ,&nbsp;Yiming Du ,&nbsp;Yun Song ,&nbsp;Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Shuqun Li ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang He ,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Xu ,&nbsp;Jie Bai ,&nbsp;Binyan Wang ,&nbsp;Xianhui Qin ,&nbsp;Anam Mehmood ,&nbsp;Liu Xiuqing ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Cheng ,&nbsp;Han-Ping Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In China, the <em>MTHFR 677T</em> allele, unlike in most Western populations, is a rare genetic variant linked to various disorders. The contributing nutritional and genetic factors to this genetic risk remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the interactions between genetic variations in total homocysteine (tHcy) pathway genes, serum tHcy concentrations, and nutritional factors in a Chinese population with hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 1304 Chinese adults with hypertension aged ≥18 y enrolled in the China Precision Nutrition and Health KAP Real World Study (CPNAS). Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate were measured using the magnetic microparticle chemiluminescence method, and tHcy concentrations were measured using Hcy Assay kits. Identification of the <em>MTHFR C677T</em>, <em>MTHFR A1298C</em>, and <em>MTRR A66G</em> polymorphisms was performed via time-of-flight nucleic spectrometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed significant sex differences in tHcy concentrations, with males exhibiting higher tHcy concentrations than females (13.95 μmol/L vs. 11.15 μmol/L, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Individuals deficient in both vitamin B12 and folate had an increased risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy) (57.4%). In contrast, the prevalence of H-Hcy was lower among those deficient in either vitamin B12 (31.1%) or folate (23.2%) alone. Significant associations were identified between the <em>MTHFR C677T</em> and <em>A1298C</em> polymorphisms and elevated serum tHcy concentrations, particularly in individuals homozygous for the T allele. Conversely, the <em>MTRR A66G</em> genotype did not show a significant correlation with tHcy concentrations. Optimal vitamin B12 concentrations significantly modulated the genotypic effect on tHcy concentrations, with individuals having adequate vitamin B12 and folate exhibiting low tHcy concentrations, even among high-risk genotypes (TT).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adequate concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 significantly reduce serum tHcy concentrations and mitigate the genotypic impact on tHcy concentrations, highlighting the potential for targeted nutritional interventions to manage cardiovascular risks associated with H-Hcy.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as ChiCTR2100051983.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1202-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method That Maintains Accuracy in the Prediction of Vitamin A Total Body Stores When Population-Based Modeling of a Limited Number of Theoretical Subjects Is Used With Retinol Isotope Dilution","authors":"Michael H Green,&nbsp;Joanne Balmer Green","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations are used to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS). Including population-based (“super-subject”) modeling with RID provides group-specific values for the equation coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective was to test an approach that would accommodate a limited super-subject sample size without compromising accuracy in RID predictions of TBS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software to simulate fraction of dose in plasma (FD_p) at 16 times from 3 h to 56 d after tracer ingestion in 20 theoretical adults. Then, we modeled geometric mean FD_p (“full dataset”) to determine group mean TBS and the coefficients <em>Fa</em> (FD in stores) and <em>S</em> (specific activity in plasma/stores) in the RID equation TBS (μmol) = <em>FaS</em>/plasma retinol specific activity. Using the same FD_p data, we also generated 4 datasets with reduced subject numbers at times other than that designated for RID (day 21). Then, we adjusted individual FD_p using the ratio (individual FD_p on day 21/mean FD_p on day 21; “adjusted datasets”), modeled each, and determined TBS and <em>FaS</em> for comparison with the full dataset values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean ratio of model-predicted TBS for adjusted/full dataset was 0.962 (range: 0.920–1.06) and for <em>FaS</em>, it was 0.945 (day 14), 0.971 (day 21), and 0.984 (day 28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>For these theoretical data, adjusting individual FD_p values based on relationship to the group mean FD_p at an appropriate time (21 d) maintains the accuracy of model predictions of TBS and the RID composite coefficient <em>FaS</em>. If these results are confirmed using real data, values for <em>FaS</em> determined in a small super-subject study can be applied to confidently predict TBS by RID in that group’s individuals. This approach will be especially useful when resources are limited for studies of vitamin A status in community settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1160-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Changes in Human Milk Concentration across the First 6 Months of Life?","authors":"Melissa F Young","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1012-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Reprograms Placental Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Which Correlate with Reduced Fetal Brain but not Body Weight in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","authors":"Nipun Saini ,&nbsp;Sandra M Mooney ,&nbsp;Susan M Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impairs fetal growth and brain development. Dysregulated placental function contributes to these deficits. Whether PAE also disrupts its metabolic functions to impede fetal development is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We performed untargeted metabolomics to gain mechanistic insights on how PAE impacts placental metabolism and fetal nutrient availability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with alcohol (ALC, 3 g/kg) or isocaloric maltodextrin (CON) daily on embryonic days (E) E8.5 through E17.5. We performed untargeted metabolomics on placentas harvested at E17.5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Alcohol reduced placental glucose and glycolytic intermediates and increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, suggesting a shift from glucose to lipids to meet its high energetic demands. This was complemented by elevations in intermediates of the pentose phosphate and glucosamine pathways, indicating a diversion of glucose into nonoxidative fates. Alcohol also decreased aspartate and asparagine, consistent with the limited glucose availability and increased fetal demand for nitrogen acceptors to support its increased gluconeogenesis and urea production. Alcohol also caused a selective increase in purine metabolites despite the limited availability of donor sources glucose, serine, glycine, glutamine, and asparagine. Uridine nucleotides were also elevated and may represent an adaptive change to meet the increased need for thiamin pyrophosphate in the oxidative decarboxylations of the TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathways. Decreases in multiple oxylipins having antivasoconstriction actions could be a mechanism by which alcohol alters the placental vasculature and promotes vasoconstriction. Importantly, the selective and strong correlation of these dysregulated metabolites with reduced fetal brain weight, but not body weight, affirms the importance of the placenta-brain axis and placental metabolism on brain development.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alcohol causes metabolic dysregulation and reprogramming of the late-term placenta. These changes limit fetal nutrient availability and contribute to the reduced brain development and cognitive impairments that partly typify PAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1127-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Green Tea Polyphenols against Neurodegenerative Diseases: Evidence and Possible Mechanisms","authors":"Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Baolu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. With aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), has increased worldwide. Unfortunately, the available therapeutic options for these neurodegenerative diseases are limited, most of which only provide symptomatic relief and have potentially serious side effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that green tea consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive decline and decreased risk of AD and PD, providing an attractive preventive and therapeutic option. Polyphenols are major bioactive components in green tea, which contribute to the beneficial effects of green tea. Accumulating data suggest that green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have neuroprotective properties that inhibit the pathological development of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. This paper reviews both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> evidence that demonstrates the neuroprotective effects of GTPs against neurodegenerative diseases, with the main focus on AD and PD, and summarizes the possible molecular mechanisms by which GTPs impede the progression of neurodegeneration. In particular, this review highlights the modulation of GTPs on the common mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including oxidative stress-mediated neuronal toxicity, impaired proteostasis, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. The potential of using GTPs in the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed, hopefully, providing useful insights into novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1077-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Well-Balanced Vegan Diet Does not Compromise Daily Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates when Compared with an Omnivorous Diet in Active Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial","authors":"Jacintha Domić ,&nbsp;Philippe JM Pinckaers ,&nbsp;Pol Grootswagers ,&nbsp;Els Siebelink ,&nbsp;Johanna C Gerdessen ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon ,&nbsp;Lisette CPGM de Groot","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plant-based foods have reduced protein digestibility and frequently display unbalanced amino acid profiles. Plant-based foods are therefore considered inferior to animal-based foods in their anabolic potential. No study has assessed the anabolic potential of a vegan diet that provides a large variety of plant-based protein sources in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the effect of a 10-d vegan diet on daily mixed muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates in comparison with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous, omnivorous diet in community-dwelling older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-over trial assessed 34 community-dwelling older adults (72 ± 4 y, 18 males, 16 females), who were randomly assigned to consume a 10-d controlled vegan diet, followed by a controlled omnivorous diet (60% animal protein), or vice versa. One day before the study diets, participants consumed 400 mL deuterated water, followed by daily doses of 50 mL. Subsequent plasma and muscle samples were collected during the intervention period. Physical activity levels were assessed using accelerometry. Secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models, and results are presented as means ± standard errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Integrated MPS rates did not differ between the vegan (1.23 ± 0.04%/d) and omnivorous (1.29 ± 0.04%/d) diets (<em>P =</em> 0.2542). Plasma low-density lipoprotein (Δ0.23 ± 0.03, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (Δ0.03 ± 0.14, <em>P =</em> 0.0387), and total cholesterol (Δ0.25 ± 0.04, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.0001) levels were significantly lower succeeding the vegan diet than the omnivorous diet. There were no significant differences between the omnivorous and the vegan diet in fasting plasma triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). Physical activity levels were high (12,460 ± 4512 steps/d).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A well-balanced vegan diet providing a variety of plant-based protein sources does not compromise daily MPS rates when compared with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in physically active, older adults.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05624333 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05624333</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"155 4","pages":"Pages 1141-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}