Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Identification and Replication of Urine Metabolites Associated With Short-Term and Habitual Intake of Sweet and Fatty Snacks in European Children and Adolescents","authors":"Jantje Goerdten ,&nbsp;Samuel Muli ,&nbsp;Jodi Rattner ,&nbsp;Mira Merdas ,&nbsp;David Achaintre ,&nbsp;Li Yuan ,&nbsp;Stefaan De Henauw ,&nbsp;Ronja Foraita ,&nbsp;Monica Hunsberger ,&nbsp;Inge Huybrechts ,&nbsp;Lauren Lissner ,&nbsp;Dénes Molnár ,&nbsp;Luis A Moreno ,&nbsp;Paola Russo ,&nbsp;Toomas Veidebaum ,&nbsp;Krasimira Aleksandrova ,&nbsp;Ute Nöthlings ,&nbsp;Kolade Oluwagbemigun ,&nbsp;Pekka Keski-Rahkonen ,&nbsp;Anna Floegel","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intake of sweet and fatty snacks may partly contribute to the occurrence of obesity and other health conditions in childhood. Traditional dietary assessment methods may be limited in accurately assessing the intake of sweet and fatty snacks in children. Metabolite biomarkers may aid the objective assessment of children’s food intake and support establishing diet–disease relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to identify biomarkers of sweet and fatty snack intake in 2 independent cohorts of European children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort from baseline (2007/2008) and 2 follow-up examination waves (2009/2010 and 2013/2014). In total, 1788 urine samples from 599 children were analyzed for untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Short-term dietary intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recalls, and habitual dietary intake was calculated with the National Cancer Institute method. Data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinal Designed (DONALD) cohort of 24-h urine samples (<em>n</em> = 567) and 3-d weighted dietary records were used for external replication of results. Multivariate modeling with unbiased variable selection in R algorithms and linear mixed models were used to identify novel biomarkers. Metabolite features significantly associated with dietary intake were then annotated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 66 metabolites were discovered and found to be statistically significant for chocolate candy; cakes, puddings, and cookies; candy and sweets; ice cream; and crisps. Most of the features (<em>n</em> = 62) could not be annotated. Short-term and habitual chocolate intake were positively associated with theobromine, xanthosine, and cyclo(L-prolyl-L-valyl). These results were replicated in the DONALD cohort. Short-term candy and sweet intake was negatively associated with octenoylcarnitine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Of the potential metabolite biomarkers of sweet and fatty snacks in children, 3 biomarkers of chocolate intake, namely theobromine, xanthosine, and cyclo(L-prolyl-L-valyl), are externally replicated. However, these potential biomarkers require further validation in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3274-3285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True Digestibility of Tryptophan in Plant and Animal Protein","authors":"Sindhu Kashyap ,&nbsp;Sarita Devi ,&nbsp;Roshni M Pasanna ,&nbsp;Thomas Preston ,&nbsp;Anura V Kurpad","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protein quality, evaluated using Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), requires ileal digestibility values of individual indispensable amino acids (IAAs) in each protein. However, true tryptophan (Trp) digestibility has rarely been quantified in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To measure the true Trp digestibility and DIAAS of ²H-intrinsically labeled plant and animal protein sources in humans, using the dual isotope tracer technique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The true Trp digestibility of ²H intrinsically labeled plant proteins such as whole mung bean (<em>n =</em> 6) and dehulled mung bean (<em>n =</em> 6), chickpea (<em>n =</em> 5), and yellow pea (<em>n =</em> 5), and protein from animal source foods such as egg white (<em>n =</em> 6), whole egg (<em>n =</em> 6), chicken meat (<em>n =</em> 6), and goat milk (<em>n =</em> 7) was determined against the known digestibility of U-¹³C spirulina whole cell protein as reference, except for goat milk protein that was measured against free crystalline ¹³C-Trp as reference. Banked samples from earlier studies conducted to determine true IAA digestibility of different protein sources were used for the analysis. DIAAS was calculated for each test protein using digestibility corrected IAA scores (mg IAA/g of protein) in comparison with the IAA requirement score for adults.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The true Trp digestibility of whole mung bean, dehulled mung bean, chickpea, yellow pea, egg white, whole egg, chicken meat, and goat milk were 67.6 ± 3.7%, 74.5 ± 4.4%, 72.6 ± 2.3%, 72.5 ± 2.2%, 89.7 ± 2.5%, 91.4 ± 2.6%, 95.9 ± 2.2%, and 92.8 ± 2.9%, respectively. The true Trp digestibility of plant protein sources was significantly lower than that of animal protein sources (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Trp was not a limiting IAA in all the tested proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The true Trp digestibility determined in this study ranged from 67.6 ± 3.7% to 95.9 ± 2.2% for whole mung bean and chicken meat, respectively, and adds to the database of individual true IAA digestibility of different protein sources.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) with registration numbers CTRI/2017/11/010468, CTRI/2020/04/024512, and CTRI/2018/03/012265.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3203-3209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Suvi M Virtanen ,&nbsp;Essi J Peltonen ,&nbsp;Leena Hakola ,&nbsp;Sari Niinistö ,&nbsp;Hanna-Mari Takkinen ,&nbsp;Suvi Ahonen ,&nbsp;Mari Åkerlund ,&nbsp;Ulla Uusitalo ,&nbsp;Markus Mattila ,&nbsp;Tuuli EI Salo ,&nbsp;Jorma Ilonen ,&nbsp;Jorma Toppari ,&nbsp;Riitta Veijola ,&nbsp;Mikael Knip ,&nbsp;Jaakko Nevalainen","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prospective longitudinal evidence considering the entire childhood food consumption in relation to the development of islet autoimmunity (IA or) type 1 diabetes is lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We studied the associations of consumption of various foods and their combinations with IA and type 1 diabetes risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes born in 1996–2004 were followed from birth up to ≤6 y of age in the prospective birth cohort type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention study (<em>n</em> = 5674). Exposure variables included 34 food groups covering the entire diet based on repeated 3-d food records at ages 3 mo to 6 y. Endpoints were islet cell antibodies plus biochemical IA (<em>n</em> = 247), multiple biochemical IA (<em>n</em> = 206), and type 1 diabetes (<em>n</em> = 94). We analyzed associations between longitudinally observed foods and risk of IA/type 1 diabetes using a Bayesian approach to joint models in 1-food and multi-food models adjusted for energy intake, sex, human leukocyte antigen genotype, and familial diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final multi-food model for islet cell antibodies plus biochemical IA included oats [hazard ratio (HR): 1.09; 95% credible interval (CI): 1.04, 1.14], banana (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), and cruciferous vegetables (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94). The final model for multiple biochemical IA included, in addition to the above-mentioned foods, fermented dairy (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.78) and wheat (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.18). The final multi-food model for type 1 diabetes included rye (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.50), oats (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26), fruits (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), and berries (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.93).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher consumption of oats, gluten-containing cereals, and fruits was associated with increased that of cruciferous vegetables with decreased risk of several type 1 diabetes-related endpoints when considering all the foods in combination. Further etiological and mechanistic studies are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3465-3474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Metabolomic Markers of Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption","authors":"Hejingzi Jia ,&nbsp;Lauren Bernard ,&nbsp;Jingsha Chen ,&nbsp;Shutong Du ,&nbsp;Lyn M Steffen ,&nbsp;Kari E Wong ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Valerie K Sullivan ,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages is on the rise. Use of artificial sweeteners has been associated with adverse health outcomes. There is a need to identify novel objective biomarkers of artificially sweetened beverages in order to improve dietary assessment and to provide insight into their metabolic impact.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to identify serum metabolites that are associated with artificially sweetened beverage consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, consumption of artificially sweetened beverages was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and fasting serum samples were collected during the first study visit (1987–1989). Participants were categorized as nonusers if they reported almost never consumption of artificially sweetened beverages, moderate users for 1 glass/mo to 6 glasses/wk, and heavy users for ≥1 glasses/d. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted in 2 subgroups (subgroup 1: <em>n</em> = 1866, profiled in 2010; subgroup 2 profiled in 2014: <em>n</em> = 2072), and 360 metabolites were analyzed. In this secondary data analysis, multivariable linear regression models were used, adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, health status, and dietary factors. Analyses were conducted in each subgroup and results meta-analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In a meta-analysis of 3938 generally healthy participants (mean age, 54 y; 60% women; 62% Black participants) from ARIC study visit 1, 11 serum metabolites were significantly associated with artificially sweetened beverage consumption. Heavier consumption of artificially sweetened beverages was associated with higher concentrations of 10 metabolites (saccharin, threonate, erythronate, glycerate, gluconate, mannitol, glucose, tryptophan betaine, trehalose, and N6-acetyllysine) and lower concentrations of glycocholenate sulfate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Eleven serum metabolites are related to artificially sweetened beverage intake, which consist of known sugar substitutes, processed food additives, glucose-related compounds, and gut microbiome–related metabolites. These findings enhance our knowledge of the metabolic activity of artificial sweeteners and suggests new biomarkers for monitoring intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3266-3273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, Microbiome, and Inflammation Predictors of Fecal and Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Humans","authors":"Andrew Oliver ,&nbsp;Zeynep Alkan ,&nbsp;Charles B Stephensen ,&nbsp;John W Newman ,&nbsp;Mary E Kable ,&nbsp;Danielle G Lemay","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gut microbes produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are associated with broad health benefits. However, it is not fully known how diet and/or the gut microbiome could be modulated to improve SCFA production.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to identify dietary, inflammatory, and/or microbiome predictors of SCFAs in a cohort of healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>SCFAs were measured in fecal and plasma samples from 359 healthy adults in the United States Department of Agriculture Nutritional Phenotyping Study. Habitual and recent diet was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assesment Tool dietary recalls. Markers of systemic and gut inflammation were measured in fecal and plasma samples. The gut microbiome was assessed using shotgun metagenomics. Using statistics and machine learning, we determined how the abundance and composition of SCFAs varied with measures of diet, inflammation, and the gut microbiome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We show that fecal pH may be a good proxy for fecal SCFA abundance. A higher Healthy Eating Index for a habitual diet was associated with a compositional increase in fecal butyrate relative to acetate and propionate. SCFAs were associated with markers of subclinical gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Fecal SCFA abundance was inversely related to plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. When we analyzed hierarchically organized diet and microbiome data with taxonomy-aware algorithms, we observed that diet and microbiome features were far more predictive of fecal SCFA abundances compared to plasma SCFA abundances. The top diet and microbiome predictors of fecal butyrate included potatoes and the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that resistant starch in the form of potatoes and microbially produced thiamine provide a substrate and essential cofactor, respectively, for butyrate synthesis. Thiamine may be a rate-limiting nutrient for butyrate production in adults. Overall, these findings illustrate the complex biology underpinning SCFA production in the gut.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02367287.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3298-3311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Inflammatory Dietary Pattern and Mammographic Features","authors":"Shadi Azam ,&nbsp;Sarah Asad ,&nbsp;Saurabh D Chitnis ,&nbsp;Katharine A Collier ,&nbsp;Kevin H Kensler ,&nbsp;Preeti Sudheendra ,&nbsp;Ashley Pariser ,&nbsp;Andrea Romanos-Nanclares ,&nbsp;Heather Eliassen ,&nbsp;Sagar Sardesai ,&nbsp;John Heine ,&nbsp;Fred K Tabung ,&nbsp;Rulla M Tamimi ,&nbsp;Daniel G Stover","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The empirical dietary inflammation pattern score (EDIP), which measures the ability of the diet to regulate chronic inflammation, is associated with both higher adiposity and breast cancer (BC) risk. Mammographic density (MD) is an important risk factor for BC.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined the associations between EDIP and mammographic features overall and stratified by menopausal status, and assessed the extent to which these associations are mediated by adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 4145 participants without BC in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Cumulative average EDIP was assessed by food frequency questionnaires every 4–6 y. We assessed MD parameters (percent MD, dense area, and nondense area) and V (measure of grayscale variation). MD parameters were square-root transformed. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between EDIP score and MD parameters. Baron and Kenny’s regression method was used to assess the extent to which the associations of EDIP and mammographic traits were mediated by BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In multivariable-adjusted models, EDIP was significantly inversely associated with percent MD [top compared with bottom quartile, <em>β</em> = –0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.78, –0.36]. Additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association (<em>β</em> = –0.15; 95% CI: –0.34, 0.03), with 68% (<em>β</em> = 0.68, 20; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.86) mediation via BMI. In addition, EDIP was positively associated with nondense area after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. No associations were observed for dense area and V measure. Results were similar when stratified by menopausal status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EDIP score was inversely associated with percent MD and positively associated with nondense area, and these associations were largely mediated by BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3437-3445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein Biomarkers of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and All-Cause Mortality","authors":"Shutong Du ,&nbsp;Jingsha Chen ,&nbsp;Hyunju Kim ,&nbsp;Alice H Lichtenstein ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Lawrence J Appel ,&nbsp;Josef Coresh ,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a need to understand the underlying biological mechanisms through which ultra-processed foods negatively affect health. Proteomics offers a valuable tool with which to examine different aspects of ultra-processed foods and their impact on health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to identify protein biomarkers of usual ultra-processed food consumption and assess their relation to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 9361 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities visit 3 (1993–1995) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire and the processing levels were categorized on the basis of the Nova classification. Plasma proteins were detected using an aptamer-based proteomic assay. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between ultra-processed food and proteins, and Cox proportional hazard models to identify associations between ultra-processed food-related proteins and health outcomes. Models extensively controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight proteins (6 positive, 2 negative) were identified as significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption. Over a median follow-up of 22 y, there were 1276, 3084, and 5127 cases of CHD, CKD, and death, respectively. Three, 5, and 3 ultra-processed food-related proteins were associated with each outcome, respectively. One protein (β-glucuronidase) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all 3 outcomes, and 3 proteins (receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase U, C-C motif chemokine 25, and twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1) were associated with a higher risk of 2 outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified a panel of protein biomarkers that were significantly associated with ultra-processed food consumption. These proteins may be considered potential biomarkers for ultra-processed food intake and may elucidate the biological processes through which ultra-processed foods impact health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3235-3245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Impact of Plant-Based Milk Consumption on Growth and Nutrition in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Izabela Soczynska ,&nbsp;Bruno R da Costa ,&nbsp;Deborah L O’Connor ,&nbsp;David JA Jenkins ,&nbsp;Catherine S Birken ,&nbsp;Charles DG Keown-Stoneman ,&nbsp;Curtis D’Hollander ,&nbsp;Sabine Calleja ,&nbsp;Jonathon L Maguire","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children are increasingly consuming plant-based milks, yet the impact on their growth and nutrition is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the impact of plant-based milk consumption on growth and nutrition in children and adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from 2000 to 2024 to identify studies evaluating the growth and nutritional effects of plant-based milk consumption in children aged 1–18 y. Two reviewers independently screened full-text articles, assessed their quality, and extracted data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6 studies were identified: 3 cross-sectional studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 2 clinical trials (total <em>n</em> = 15,815). Observational studies found that consumption of plant-based milk was associated with lower childhood body mass index (BMI), height, and serum vitamin D concentrations compared with cow milk. No association was found between soy milk consumption and BMI in adolescent girls. Low-quality clinical trials showed minimal effects on growth, and 1 study found that adolescent girls with low calcium intake who consumed fortified soy milk had higher bone density compared with those who did not consume soy milk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Available evidence suggests that children who consume plant-based milk may have lower BMI, height, and micronutrient intake compared with those who consume cow milk, whereas fortified soy milk may support bone health in adolescents who do not drink cow milk. Longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether these associations persist over time, differ between children and adolescents or among those who consume soy milk, and to understand the potential underlying mechanisms.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022367269.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3446-3456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential and Metabolic Impacts of Double Enrichments of Docosahexaenoic Acid and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 in Tissues of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Sahil Kalia ,&nbsp;Andrew D Magnuson ,&nbsp;Tao Sun,&nbsp;Ziqiao Sun,&nbsp;Xin Gen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chicken may be enriched with 25-hydroxy D₃ [25(OH)D₃] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to enhance the dietary intake of the public.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Two experiments (Expt.) were conducted to determine the potential and metabolic impacts of enriching both DHA and 25(OH)D₃ in the tissues of broiler chickens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In Expt. 1, 144 chicks (6 cages/treatment and 6 birds/cage) were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet (BD), BD + 10,000 IU 25(OH)D₃/kg [BD + 25(OH)D₃], BD + 1% DHA-rich <em>Aurantiochytrium</em> (1.2 g DHA/kg; BD + DHA), or BD + 25(OH)D₃+DHA for 6 wk. In Expt. 2, 180 chicks were fed the BD, BD + DHA-rich microalgal oil (1.5–3.0 g DHA/kg, BD + DHA), BD + DHA + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich microalgae (0.3–0.6 g EPA/kg, BD + DHA + EPA), BD + DHA + 25(OH)D₃ [6000 to 12,000 IU/kg diet; BD + DHA + 25(OH)D₃], and BD + DHA + EPA + 25(OH)D₃ for 6 wk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Supranutrition of these 2 nutrients resulted in 57–62 mg DHA and 1.9–3.3 μg of 25(OH)D₃/100 g of breast or thigh muscles. The DHA enrichment was independent of dietary EPA or 25(OH)D₃, but that of 25(OH)D₃ in the liver was decreased (68%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by dietary DHA in Expt. 1. Compared with BD, BD + 25(OH)D₃ enhanced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) gene expression related to D₃ absorption (scavenger receptor class B type 1 and Niemann-pick c1 like 1) in the liver and D₃ degradation (<em>cytochrome P450 24A1</em>) in the breast, and decreased mRNA or protein concentrations of vitamin D binding protein in the adipose tissue or thigh muscle. Supranutrition of DHA decreased mRNA concentrations of lipid metabolism-related genes (fatty acid desaturase 1,2, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5, fatty acid desaturase 2, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both DHA and 25(OH)D₃ were enriched in the muscles up to meeting 50%–100% of the suggested intakes of these nutrients by consuming 2 servings of 100 g of fortified chicken. The enrichments altered gene expression related to lipid biosynthesis and vitamin D transport or storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3312-3322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates In Vivo in Humans: The Deuterated Water (2H2O) Method","authors":"Andrew M Holwerda ,&nbsp;Philip J Atherton ,&nbsp;Kenneth Smith ,&nbsp;Daniel J Wilkinson ,&nbsp;Stuart M Phillips ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skeletal muscle tissue is in a constant state of turnover, with muscle tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates ranging between 1% and 2% across the day in vivo in humans. Muscle tissue remodeling is largely controlled by the up- and down-regulation of muscle tissue protein synthesis rates. Research studies generally apply stable isotope-labeled amino acids to assess muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans. Following labeled amino acid administration in a laboratory setting, muscle tissue samples are collected over several hours to assess the incorporation rate of these labeled amino acids in muscle tissue protein. To allow quantification of bulk muscle protein synthesis rates over more prolonged periods, the use of deuterated water methodology has regained much interest. Ingestion of daily boluses of deuterium oxide results in ²H enrichment of the body water pool. The available ²H-atoms become incorporated into endogenously synthesized alanine primarily through transamination of pyruvate in the liver. With ²H-alanine widely available to all tissues, it becomes incorporated into de novo synthesized tissue proteins. Assessing the increase in tissue protein-bound ²H-alanine enrichment in muscle biopsy samples over time allows for the calculation of muscle protein synthesis rates over several days or even weeks. As the deuterated water method allows for the assessment of muscle tissue protein synthesis rates under free-living conditions in nonlaboratory settings, there is an increasing interest in its application. This manuscript describes the theoretical background of the deuterated water method and offers a comprehensive tutorial to correctly apply the method to determine bulk muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3177-3189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}