Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.004
Jessica Avila-Prado , Michael H Green , Joanne Balmer Green , Veronica Lopez-Teros
Background
Practical and accurate methods for quantifying vitamin A (VA) absorption in humans are needed.
Objectives
The objectives were to determine VA absorption in humans by applying compartmental modeling to postprandial plasma retinyl ester (RE) kinetic data obtained using a carefully designed controlled feeding protocol.
Methods
After collection of baseline fasting blood, 3 healthy young adult women ingested 1.91 μmol unlabeled VA and a breakfast of 145 g fat-/VA-free yogurt mixed with 7 g canola oil. Blood was collected every 30 min for 8 h, with subjects consuming snacks of 2 g canola oil mixed with 18 g yogurt every 30 min until 4 h, followed by a VA-free lunch at 4.5 h. Plasma RE were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and data (corrected for baseline RE) were analyzed using Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software.
Results
Plasma RE was above baseline at 30 min postdosing, reaching a maximum at 90, 150, and 180 min in the 3 subjects. Plasma RE then declined at different rates, almost reaching baseline values by 8 h. To fit these data, we developed a complex, physiologically realistic compartmental model with 12 compartments and (initially) 10 adjustable parameters. After evaluating the uniqueness of initial estimates for VA absorption, we determined final model-predicted values of 72%, 81%, and 78%, respectively, for the 3 women.
Conclusions
We conclude that VA absorption efficiency can be estimated in humans by applying compartmental modeling to postprandial plasma RE kinetic data obtained under a controlled feeding protocol and with the collection of a sufficient number of serial blood samples. Additional work is needed to refine this approach so that one can confidently identify a unique value for VA absorption in human subjects.
背景：需要实用和准确的方法来定量人体维生素A （VA）的吸收。目的：目的是通过对精心设计的控制喂养方案获得的餐后血浆视黄醇酯（RE）动力学数据应用室室模型来确定人对VA的吸收。方法：采集基线空腹血后，3名健康年轻成年女性摄入1.91 μmol未标记的VA，早餐为145 g无脂肪/VA酸奶和7 g菜籽油。每30分钟采集一次血液，持续8小时，每30分钟食用2g菜籽油混合18 g酸奶的零食，直到4小时，然后在4.5小时吃一顿不含va的午餐。用HPLC分析血浆RE，并使用Simulation， Analysis and Modeling软件分析数据（根据基线RE进行校正）。结果：血浆RE在给药后30min高于基线，在90min、150min和180min达到最大值。然后血浆RE以不同的速率下降，在8小时后几乎达到基线值。为了拟合这些数据，我们开发了一个复杂的、生理上真实的室室模型，该模型有12个室室和（最初）10个可调参数。在评估了VA吸收初始估计的独特性之后，我们确定了三位女性的最终模型预测值分别为72%、81%和78%。结论：我们得出的结论是，通过对餐后血浆RE动力学数据进行室室建模，并在控制喂养方案下收集足够数量的连续血液样本，可以估计人类的VA吸收效率。需要进一步的工作来完善这种方法，以便人们可以自信地确定人体VA吸收的独特值。
{"title":"Estimating Vitamin A Absorption Using Compartmental Modeling of Plasma Retinyl Ester Kinetics in Humans","authors":"Jessica Avila-Prado , Michael H Green , Joanne Balmer Green , Veronica Lopez-Teros","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Practical and accurate methods for quantifying vitamin A (VA) absorption in humans are needed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objectives were to determine VA absorption in humans by applying compartmental modeling to postprandial plasma retinyl ester (RE) kinetic data obtained using a carefully designed controlled feeding protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After collection of baseline fasting blood, 3 healthy young adult women ingested 1.91 μmol unlabeled VA and a breakfast of 145 g fat-/VA-free yogurt mixed with 7 g canola oil. Blood was collected every 30 min for 8 h, with subjects consuming snacks of 2 g canola oil mixed with 18 g yogurt every 30 min until 4 h, followed by a VA-free lunch at 4.5 h. Plasma RE were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and data (corrected for baseline RE) were analyzed using Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Plasma RE was above baseline at 30 min postdosing, reaching a maximum at 90, 150, and 180 min in the 3 subjects. Plasma RE then declined at different rates, almost reaching baseline values by 8 h. To fit these data, we developed a complex, physiologically realistic compartmental model with 12 compartments and (initially) 10 adjustable parameters. After evaluating the uniqueness of initial estimates for VA absorption, we determined final model-predicted values of 72%, 81%, and 78%, respectively, for the 3 women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We conclude that VA absorption efficiency can be estimated in humans by applying compartmental modeling to postprandial plasma RE kinetic data obtained under a controlled feeding protocol and with the collection of a sufficient number of serial blood samples. Additional work is needed to refine this approach so that one can confidently identify a unique value for VA absorption in human subjects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.015
Katherine E Daiy , Victoria Bertacchi , Courtney C Choy , Lupesina Vesi , Kima Savusa , Jyothi Alex Abraham , Christina Soti-Ulberg , Take Naseri , Janet E Williams , Mark A McGuire , Michelle K McGuire , Claudia R Valeggia , Nicola L Hawley
Background
Human diet is changing rapidly around the world, and literature suggests that diet impacts human microbiomes. It is unclear whether maternal nutrient intake is associated with the milk and infant gastrointestinal (gut) microbiomes in nutritionally transitioning populations where wide dietary variability may uniquely shape microbial exposures and responses.
Objectives
We examine how maternal nutrient intake is associated with the human milk and infant fecal microbiomes in Samoa, a nutritionally transitioning nation.
Methods
Exclusively breastfeeding Samoan mother–infant dyads (n = 100) were recruited between 2 and 4 mo postpartum across urban, peri-urban, and rural regions to capture the nutrition transition. Daily energy-adjusted maternal nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h diet recalls. Human milk and infant fecal microbiomes were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results
Total lipid (β = 0.002, P = 0.037) and saturated fatty acid intakes (β = 0.005, P = 0.020) were positively associated with evenness in milk, whereas protein intake was positively associated with richness (β = 0.232, P = 0.010) and Stenotrophomonas (β = 0.001, q = 0.022) in milk. Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was positively associated with Shannon diversity (β = 0.034, P = 0.023), evenness (β = 0.007, P = 0.011), and Clostridium (β = 0.006, q = 6.904 × 10–5) in infant feces. Fiber intake was negatively associated with Shannon diversity (β = −0.023, P = 0.008) and evenness (β = −0.004, P = 0.023) in infant feces. Nutrient intake was not associated with overall bacterial compositions of either milk or infant feces (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
In Samoa, maternal nutrient intake is linked with the diversity and individual taxa of milk and infant feces, but was not associated with overall microbiome composition. Effects of changing maternal diet on maternal and infant microbiomes may therefore contribute to health outcomes associated with the nutrition transition.
背景：世界各地的人类饮食正在迅速变化，文献表明饮食会影响人类的微生物群。目前尚不清楚，在营养过渡人群中，母亲的营养摄入是否与牛奶和婴儿胃肠道微生物组有关，在这些人群中，广泛的饮食变化可能独特地塑造微生物暴露和反应。目的：我们研究如何产妇营养摄入与人乳和婴儿粪便微生物组在萨摩亚，一个营养转型的国家。方法：在产后2-4个月，在城市、城郊和农村地区招募纯母乳喂养的萨摩亚母子对（n=100），以捕捉营养转变。采用24小时饮食回顾法评估每日能量调整后的母亲营养摄入量。通过16S rRNA基因测序对人乳和婴儿粪便微生物组进行了表征。结果：总脂肪（β = 0.002, p = 0.037）和饱和脂肪酸摄入量（β = 0.005, p = 0.020）与牛奶中的均匀度呈正相关，蛋白质摄入量与牛奶中的丰富度（β = 0.232, p = 0.010）和窄养单胞菌（β = 0.001, q = 0.022）呈正相关。多不饱和脂肪酸摄入与婴儿粪便中的Shannon多样性（β= 0.034, p = 0.023）、均匀性（β= 0.007, p = 0.011）和梭状芽胞杆菌（β= 0.006, q = 6.904 × 10-5）呈正相关。纤维摄入量与婴儿粪便香农多样性（β = -0.023, p = 0.008）和均匀度（β = -0.004, p = 0.023）呈负相关。营养摄入与乳汁或婴儿粪便的总细菌组成无关（p < 0.05）。结论：在萨摩亚，母亲的营养摄入与乳汁和婴儿粪便的多样性和个别分类群有关，但与总体微生物组组成无关。因此，改变产妇饮食对母婴微生物组的影响可能有助于与营养转变相关的健康结果。
{"title":"Associations among Maternal Nutrient Intake and Infant Fecal and Human Milk Microbiomes in Exclusively Breastfeeding Samoan Mother–Infant Dyads","authors":"Katherine E Daiy , Victoria Bertacchi , Courtney C Choy , Lupesina Vesi , Kima Savusa , Jyothi Alex Abraham , Christina Soti-Ulberg , Take Naseri , Janet E Williams , Mark A McGuire , Michelle K McGuire , Claudia R Valeggia , Nicola L Hawley","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human diet is changing rapidly around the world, and literature suggests that diet impacts human microbiomes. It is unclear whether maternal nutrient intake is associated with the milk and infant gastrointestinal (gut) microbiomes in nutritionally transitioning populations where wide dietary variability may uniquely shape microbial exposures and responses.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examine how maternal nutrient intake is associated with the human milk and infant fecal microbiomes in Samoa, a nutritionally transitioning nation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Exclusively breastfeeding Samoan mother–infant dyads (<em>n</em> = 100) were recruited between 2 and 4 mo postpartum across urban, peri-urban, and rural regions to capture the nutrition transition. Daily energy-adjusted maternal nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h diet recalls. Human milk and infant fecal microbiomes were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total lipid (<em>β</em> = 0.002, <em>P =</em> 0.037) and saturated fatty acid intakes (<em>β</em> = 0.005, <em>P</em> = 0.020) were positively associated with evenness in milk, whereas protein intake was positively associated with richness (<em>β</em> = 0.232, <em>P</em> = 0.010) and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> (<em>β</em> = 0.001, <em>q</em> = 0.022) in milk. Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was positively associated with Shannon diversity (<em>β</em> = 0.034, <em>P</em> = 0.023), evenness (<em>β</em> = 0.007, <em>P</em> = 0.011), and <em>Clostridium</em> (<em>β</em> = 0.006, <em>q</em> = 6.904 × 10<sup>–5</sup>) in infant feces. Fiber intake was negatively associated with Shannon diversity (<em>β</em> = −0.023, <em>P</em> = 0.008) and evenness (<em>β</em> = −0.004, <em>P</em> = 0.023) in infant feces. Nutrient intake was not associated with overall bacterial compositions of either milk or infant feces (<em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In Samoa, maternal nutrient intake is linked with the diversity and individual taxa of milk and infant feces, but was not associated with overall microbiome composition. Effects of changing maternal diet on maternal and infant microbiomes may therefore contribute to health outcomes associated with the nutrition transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.036
Indu Dhar , Gard FT Svingen , Arve Ulvik , Espen Ø Bjørnestad , Jørn V Sagen , Ottar K Nygård
Background
Low concentrations of biologically active B6 vitamer, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin A (Vit-A) promotes lipid homeostasis and the transport cholesterol. Vit-A may also stimulate the intracellular transport of PLP.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate whether Vit-A is associated with variations in the relationship of systemic B6-vitamers with incident acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs).
Methods
A total of 4091 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris were studied. Associations of different plasma B6 vitamers, including PLP, pyridoxal (PL), 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), and PA/PL ratio with the risk of AMI according to median concentrations of Vit-A, were explored in Cox regression models.
Results
Serum Vit-A demonstrated positive associations with PLP and PA/PL ratio at baseline (P < 0.001 for both). During a median follow-up of 7.5 y, 521 (12.7%) patients suffered an AMI. In age and sex-adjusted analyses, plasma PLP, PA, and PA/PL ratio showed an overall association with incident AMI {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] per SD: 0.90 [0.82, 0.99; P = 0.02], 1.14 [1.05, 1.23; P < 0.001], and 1.28 [1.18, 1.39; P < 0.001], respectively}. However, low plasma PLP and high PA/PL ratio were associated with an increased risk of AMI primarily among patients with high compared with low Vit-A concentrations [HR (95% CI) per SD: 0.77 (0.68, 0.88; P < 0.001, P-interaction = 0.002) and 1.36 (1.23, 1.49; P < 0.001, P-interaction = 0.05), respectively]. The interactions persisted after multivariable adjustment (both P-interactions ≤ 0.04).
Conclusions
The relationship between vitamin B6 indexes and AMI risk varied according to serum Vit-A concentrations. Additional research is needed to clarify the importance of Vit-A and B6 bioavailability in atherosclerotic CVD.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00354081.
{"title":"Serum Vitamin A Is Associated with Variations in the Relationship between Plasma B6 Vitamers and Cardiovascular Disease Risk","authors":"Indu Dhar , Gard FT Svingen , Arve Ulvik , Espen Ø Bjørnestad , Jørn V Sagen , Ottar K Nygård","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low concentrations of biologically active B6 vitamer, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin A (Vit-A) promotes lipid homeostasis and the transport cholesterol. Vit-A may also stimulate the intracellular transport of PLP.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate whether Vit-A is associated with variations in the relationship of systemic B6-vitamers with incident acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 4091 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris were studied. Associations of different plasma B6 vitamers, including PLP, pyridoxal (PL), 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), and PA/PL ratio with the risk of AMI according to median concentrations of Vit-A, were explored in Cox regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum Vit-A demonstrated positive associations with PLP and PA/PL ratio at baseline (<em>P <</em> 0.001 for both). During a median follow-up of 7.5 y, 521 (12.7%) patients suffered an AMI. In age and sex-adjusted analyses, plasma PLP, PA, and PA/PL ratio showed an overall association with incident AMI {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] per SD: 0.90 [0.82, 0.99; <em>P</em> = 0.02], 1.14 [1.05, 1.23; <em>P <</em> 0.001], and 1.28 [1.18, 1.39; <em>P <</em> 0.001], respectively}. However, low plasma PLP and high PA/PL ratio were associated with an increased risk of AMI primarily among patients with high compared with low Vit-A concentrations [HR (95% CI) per SD: 0.77 (0.68, 0.88; <em>P</em> < 0.001, <em>P</em>-interaction = 0.002) and 1.36 (1.23, 1.49; <em>P <</em> 0.001, <em>P</em>-interaction = 0.05), respectively]. The interactions persisted after multivariable adjustment (both <em>P-</em>interactions ≤ 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The relationship between vitamin B6 indexes and AMI risk varied according to serum Vit-A concentrations. Additional research is needed to clarify the importance of Vit-A and B6 bioavailability in atherosclerotic CVD.</div><div>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00354081.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.043
Lillian C Levy , Ximena Perez-Velazco
Food insecurity remains a persistent and inequitable public health issue in the United States, disproportionately affecting low-income households, communities of color, and rural populations. Despite an abundant national food supply, systemic barriers to accessing nutritious food continue to undermine health equity. As food insecurity rates climb in the postpandemic period and the 2025 Farm Bill was recently reauthorized, this policy moment presents a critical opportunity to reassess the United States’ food system. This narrative review synthesizes recent literature at the intersection of food insecurity, nutrition policy, and public health, with the objective of evaluating how current agricultural subsidies and nutrition assistance programs shape dietary quality and chronic disease risk. Drawing from a range of peer-reviewed studies and federal reports, the review explores the economic and structural conditions that influence food affordability, consumption patterns, and health outcomes. Findings highlight 3 key takeaways: first, food insecurity is consistently linked to poor diet quality and higher risks of cardiometabolic disease, obesity, and mental health issues across the life course. Second, agricultural subsidies disproportionately support commodity crops used in ultraprocessed foods, whereas investments in fruits and vegetables remain limited—perpetuating a cost gap that discourages healthy eating. Third, although nutrition assistance programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children play a vital role in alleviating food hardship, they face structural limitations that hinder their ability to address upstream drivers of poor dietary intake. Together, these insights underscore the urgent need to realign United States’ food and nutrition policies toward equity, prevention, and affordability. By strengthening support for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and expanding access to healthy foods, policymakers can reduce chronic disease burdens and promote long-term improvements in population health. This review aims to inform forward-looking policy solutions that address food insecurity not just as an issue of hunger, but as a fundamental determinant of public health.
{"title":"Impacts of Nutrition Policy on Food Insecurity and Individual Health in the United States: A Narrative Review","authors":"Lillian C Levy , Ximena Perez-Velazco","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity remains a persistent and inequitable public health issue in the United States, disproportionately affecting low-income households, communities of color, and rural populations. Despite an abundant national food supply, systemic barriers to accessing nutritious food continue to undermine health equity. As food insecurity rates climb in the postpandemic period and the 2025 Farm Bill was recently reauthorized, this policy moment presents a critical opportunity to reassess the United States’ food system. This narrative review synthesizes recent literature at the intersection of food insecurity, nutrition policy, and public health, with the objective of evaluating how current agricultural subsidies and nutrition assistance programs shape dietary quality and chronic disease risk. Drawing from a range of peer-reviewed studies and federal reports, the review explores the economic and structural conditions that influence food affordability, consumption patterns, and health outcomes. Findings highlight 3 key takeaways: first, food insecurity is consistently linked to poor diet quality and higher risks of cardiometabolic disease, obesity, and mental health issues across the life course. Second, agricultural subsidies disproportionately support commodity crops used in ultraprocessed foods, whereas investments in fruits and vegetables remain limited—perpetuating a cost gap that discourages healthy eating. Third, although nutrition assistance programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children play a vital role in alleviating food hardship, they face structural limitations that hinder their ability to address upstream drivers of poor dietary intake. Together, these insights underscore the urgent need to realign United States’ food and nutrition policies toward equity, prevention, and affordability. By strengthening support for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and expanding access to healthy foods, policymakers can reduce chronic disease burdens and promote long-term improvements in population health. This review aims to inform forward-looking policy solutions that address food insecurity not just as an issue of hunger, but as a fundamental determinant of public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145505126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.022
Yazeed Allan , Xilin Shen , Paige L Williams , Jennifer B Ford , Irene Souter , Dan Zhang , Jorge E Chavarro , Russ Hauser , Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón , EARTH study Team
Background
In the general population, fish is the main source of Methylmercury (MeHg) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3PUFAs). MeHg is a neurotoxin and reproductive health disruptor. MeHg exposure has been associated with adverse reproductive and neurologic health outcomes, whereas n–3PUFAs have been demonstrated to be beneficial in attenuating the adverse impact on neurologic and reproductive health outcomes. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence evaluating joint effects of both exposure biomarkers concurrently on women’s reproductive health.
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MeHg exposure, menstrual symptoms, and serum n3PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].
Methods
In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated 320 women with measurements of hair Hg (0.06–2.48 ppm), serum n–3PUFAs EPA and DHA, and self-reported menstrual symptoms. Menstrual symptoms included tension/irritability, mood swings/depression, sweats/hot flashes, weight gain/breast or abdominal swelling, and headaches. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalences of symptoms across tertiles of hair Hg, with stratification by serum EPA+DHA.
Results
Hair Hg was not associated with any menstrual symptoms in the multivariable models. However, among women with high EPA + DHA, lower adjusted prevalences of experiencing sweats and hot flashes were observed in women with hair Hg in the highest tertile (0.88–5.66 ppm) compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.001–0.38 ppm); the adjusted prevalence (95% CI) for women in the lowest and highest tertile was 0.23 (0.11, 0.41) and 0.09 (0.04, 0.18), respectively. Among women with higher EPA+DHA levels, lower adjusted prevalences of experiencing migraines/headaches were observed in the middle and highest Hg tertiles compared with those in the lowest tertile [adjusted prevalence (95% CI) for lowest to highest tertiles was 0.14 (0.06, 0.29), 0.04 (0.01, 0.15), and 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), respectively].
Conclusions
High concentrations of serum n–3PUFAs appeared to mitigate certain symptoms among women with elevated hair Hg concentrations.
{"title":"Hair Mercury, Serum ω-3 Fatty Acids, and Menstrual Symptoms among Women Seeking Fertility Care","authors":"Yazeed Allan , Xilin Shen , Paige L Williams , Jennifer B Ford , Irene Souter , Dan Zhang , Jorge E Chavarro , Russ Hauser , Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón , EARTH study Team","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the general population, fish is the main source of Methylmercury (MeHg) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n–3PUFAs). MeHg is a neurotoxin and reproductive health disruptor. MeHg exposure has been associated with adverse reproductive and neurologic health outcomes, whereas n–3PUFAs have been demonstrated to be beneficial in attenuating the adverse impact on neurologic and reproductive health outcomes. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence evaluating joint effects of both exposure biomarkers concurrently on women’s reproductive health.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MeHg exposure, menstrual symptoms, and serum n3PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated 320 women with measurements of hair Hg (0.06–2.48 ppm), serum n–3PUFAs EPA and DHA, and self-reported menstrual symptoms. Menstrual symptoms included tension/irritability, mood swings/depression, sweats/hot flashes, weight gain/breast or abdominal swelling, and headaches. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalences of symptoms across tertiles of hair Hg, with stratification by serum EPA+DHA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hair Hg was not associated with any menstrual symptoms in the multivariable models. However, among women with high EPA + DHA, lower adjusted prevalences of experiencing sweats and hot flashes were observed in women with hair Hg in the highest tertile (0.88–5.66 ppm) compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.001–0.38 ppm); the adjusted prevalence (95% CI) for women in the lowest and highest tertile was 0.23 (0.11, 0.41) and 0.09 (0.04, 0.18), respectively. Among women with higher EPA+DHA levels, lower adjusted prevalences of experiencing migraines/headaches were observed in the middle and highest Hg tertiles compared with those in the lowest tertile [adjusted prevalence (95% CI) for lowest to highest tertiles was 0.14 (0.06, 0.29), 0.04 (0.01, 0.15), and 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), respectively].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High concentrations of serum n–3PUFAs appeared to mitigate certain symptoms among women with elevated hair Hg concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145648759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulses are a rich dietary source of polyphenols, compounds increasingly known for their role in disease prevention and overall health. Recent advances show that fermentation can not only improve the bioavailability of pulse polyphenols but can also generate new metabolites. This review explores how these fermentation-driven molecular transformations enhance the anticancer effect of pulse polyphenol, highlighting newly identified microbial metabolite pathways. We also describe how fermented polyphenols interact with the gut microbiome, influencing pathways linked to cancer. Looking ahead, precision fermentation and multiomics profiling promise to accelerate the development of next-generation functional foods and support cancer therapeutics, bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and clinical application.
{"title":"Fermentation Alters the Anticancer Properties of Dietary Polyphenols in Pulses","authors":"Amber Rizwan , Shazia Karim , Insha Lateif Andrabi , Moisza Mushtaq , Humaira Farooqi","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulses are a rich dietary source of polyphenols, compounds increasingly known for their role in disease prevention and overall health. Recent advances show that fermentation can not only improve the bioavailability of pulse polyphenols but can also generate new metabolites. This review explores how these fermentation-driven molecular transformations enhance the anticancer effect of pulse polyphenol, highlighting newly identified microbial metabolite pathways. We also describe how fermented polyphenols interact with the gut microbiome, influencing pathways linked to cancer. Looking ahead, precision fermentation and multiomics profiling promise to accelerate the development of next-generation functional foods and support cancer therapeutics, bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145677720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.005
Jean M Kerver
{"title":"Keep the Focus on the Food","authors":"Jean M Kerver","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145505118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.017
Soichiro Sato , Tatsuya Hattori , Ryo Sakiyama , Mayu Nakatsuka , Manabu Nakano , Miyuki Tanaka , Naoki Sakane
Background
As health issues associated with obesity typically develop or worsen owing to increases in body weight and visceral fat, weight loss is important to prevent severe obesity.
Objectives
This clinical trial evaluated the effects of a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on obesity-related parameters, including body composition and waist circumference. The effects on mood state were also assessed exploratively.
Methods
The participants included 181 healthy adults with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 who were assigned to the active or placebo groups. The active food was a powder that contained 1.0 g of WPH (MWPH; WPH containing 0.1% functional tetrapeptide Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp) and the placebo was a powder containing no MWPH. The participants consumed the active or placebo foods for 12 wk. Primary outcome was BMI. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were other obesity-related parameters, fatigue, and mood state.
Results
No statistically significant decrease in BMI, the primary outcome, was observed at the end of this period. Regarding secondary and exploratory outcomes, waist circumference significantly decreased in the active group compared with the placebo group at 8 and 12 wk. Furthermore, significant improvements in profile of mood states second edition scores including total mood disturbance and fatigue-inertia scores were observed in the active group compared with the placebo group between baseline and 12 wk. No significant differences between the groups were observed for the other outcomes.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the continuous intake of MWPH may help reduce waist circumference and improve mood state.
This trial was registered at the UMIN-CTR as UMIN000047856.
{"title":"Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp-Rich Whey Protein Hydrolysate Shows the Reduction in Waist Circumference and Improvement of Mood in Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study","authors":"Soichiro Sato , Tatsuya Hattori , Ryo Sakiyama , Mayu Nakatsuka , Manabu Nakano , Miyuki Tanaka , Naoki Sakane","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As health issues associated with obesity typically develop or worsen owing to increases in body weight and visceral fat, weight loss is important to prevent severe obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This clinical trial evaluated the effects of a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on obesity-related parameters, including body composition and waist circumference. The effects on mood state were also assessed exploratively.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The participants included 181 healthy adults with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and < 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> who were assigned to the active or placebo groups. The active food was a powder that contained 1.0 g of WPH (MWPH; WPH containing 0.1% functional tetrapeptide Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp) and the placebo was a powder containing no MWPH. The participants consumed the active or placebo foods for 12 wk. Primary outcome was BMI. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were other obesity-related parameters, fatigue, and mood state.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No statistically significant decrease in BMI, the primary outcome, was observed at the end of this period. Regarding secondary and exploratory outcomes, waist circumference significantly decreased in the active group compared with the placebo group at 8 and 12 wk. Furthermore, significant improvements in profile of mood states second edition scores including total mood disturbance and fatigue-inertia scores were observed in the active group compared with the placebo group between baseline and 12 wk. No significant differences between the groups were observed for the other outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that the continuous intake of MWPH may help reduce waist circumference and improve mood state.</div><div>This trial was registered at the UMIN-CTR as UMIN000047856.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.025
Cui Ma , Fuxi Wang , Ruitong Li , Kang Huang , Qingyu Zhao , Yuchang Qin , Junmin Zhang , Wei Si
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Weaning-induced oxidative stress impairs feed intake and compromises intestinal health in piglets. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a bioactive triterpenoid from licorice, has multiple biological effects, but its protective role under oxidative stress in piglets remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of GA on feed intake, intestinal health, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets exposed to D-galactose (Gal)-induced oxidative stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy large white piglets (weaned at days 28) were divided into 3 group: <em>1</em>) Control group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet; <em>2</em>) Gal group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet supplemented with Gal (10 g/kg body weight); and <em>3</em>) GA + Gal group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet supplemented with GA (100 mg/kg diet) and Gal (10 g/kg body weight). The study lasted 28 d. At the end of the experiment, serum, hypothalamus tissue, jejunum tissue, ileum tissue, and ileum content were collected for biochemical, molecular, and microbial analyses. One-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the Gal group, GA supplementation improved the average daily feed intake (Gal: 0.65 ± 0.04 kg, GA + Gal: 0.79 ± 0.06 kg) by 21.54% and average daily gain (Gal: 0.25 ± 0.04 kg, GA + Gal: 0.41 ± 0.06 kg) by 64% from days 14 to 28 (<em>P</em> < 0.05) but had no such effect from d 0 to 14 (<em>P</em> > 0.05), reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (Gal: 2.39 ± 0.23 nmol/mL, GA + Gal: 1.52 ± 0.25 nmol/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (Gal: 88.33 ± 6.06 nmol/min/mL, GA + Gal: 115.36 ± 8.15 nmol/min/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05). GA supplementation enhanced jejunal fluorescence expression of taste receptor type 1 member 2 (Gal: 46.15% ± 2.07%, GA + Gal: 58.53% ± 4.22%) and member 3 (Gal: 22.76% ± 1.80%, GA + Gal: 35.81% ± 2.63%) than those of Gal group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and dietary GA also markedly increased ileal <em>Romboutsia</em> relative abundance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, compared with the Gal group, GA supplementation increased the positive cells of appetite-related genes (Gal: 54.68% ± 3.70%, GA + Gal:80.16% ± 6.56%, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), Gal: 41.06% ± 8.13%, GA + Gal: 75.38% ± 9.45%) in the hypothalamus (<em>P</em> < 0.05), along with elevated serum levels of ghrelin (Gal: 1674.10 ± 97.10 ng/mL, GA + Gal: 2260.41 ± 113.22 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and NPY (Gal: 179.89 ± 6.46 ng/mL, GA + Gal: 200.94 ± 7.88 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that GA supplementation alleviates oxidative stress, with associated improvements in feed intake and intestinal function, likely mediated through taste receptor signaling, gut microbiota modulation, and hypothalamic appetite regulation. These findings
背景：断奶诱导的氧化应激损害仔猪采食量，损害肠道健康。18β-甘草次酸（GA）是一种来自甘草的生物活性三萜，具有多种生物效应，但其在仔猪氧化应激中的保护作用尚不清楚。目的：本研究旨在探讨GA对d -半乳糖（Gal）诱导氧化应激的断奶仔猪采食量、肠道健康和肠道微生物群的影响。方法：24头28日龄断奶的健康大白仔猪分为3组：(1)对照组（n = 8），饲喂基础饲粮；(2) Gal组（n = 8），基础饲粮中添加Gal （10 g/kg体重）；(3) GA + Gal组（n = 8），在基础饲粮中添加GA （100 mg/kg日粮）和Gal （10 g/kg体重）。研究持续28天。实验结束时采集血清、下丘脑组织、空肠组织、回肠组织和回肠内容物进行生化、分子和微生物分析。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和邓肯检验。结果:补充与加组相比,遗传算法提高了平均日采食量(ADFI,加:0.65±0.04公斤,GA +加:0.79±0.06公斤)21.54%,平均每日获得(ADG,加:0.25±0.04公斤,GA +加:0.41±0.06公斤)64% d 14 - 28 (P < 0.05),但没有这样的效果从d 0到14 (P > 0.05),降低血清MDA水平(加:2.39±0.23 nmol / mL, GA +加:1.52±0.25 nmol /毫升,P < 0.05),增加GPX活动(加:88.33±6.06 nmol /分钟/毫升,GA +加:115.36±8.15 nmol/min/mL, P < 0.05)。添加GA显著提高了味觉受体1型成员2 （T1R2, Gal: 46.15±2.07%,GA + Gal: 58.53±4.22%）和成员3 （T1R3, Gal: 22.76±1.80%,GA + Gal: 35.81±2.63%）的空肠荧光表达（P < 0.05），并显著提高了回肠Romboutsia的相对丰度（P < 0.05）。此外,与加组相比,GA补充增加appetite-related基因的阳性细胞(AGRP加:54.68±3.70%,GA +加:80.16±6.56%,NPY,加:41.06±8.13%,GA +加:75.38±9.45%)在下丘脑(P < 0.05),血清激素水平升高(加:1674.10±97.10 ng / mL, GA +加:2260.41±113.22 ng / mL, P < 0.05)和NPY(加:179.89±6.46 ng / mL, GA +加:200.94±7.88 ng / mL, P < 0.05)。结论：我们的研究结果表明，添加GA可以缓解氧化应激，并改善采食量和肠道功能，这可能是通过味觉受体信号、肠道微生物群调节和下丘脑食欲调节介导的。这些发现支持GA作为在应激条件下维持肠道健康的潜在营养策略。
{"title":"Dietary 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Supplementation Improves Intestinal Function and Gut Microbiota in D-Galactose–Challenged Weanling Pigs","authors":"Cui Ma , Fuxi Wang , Ruitong Li , Kang Huang , Qingyu Zhao , Yuchang Qin , Junmin Zhang , Wei Si","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Weaning-induced oxidative stress impairs feed intake and compromises intestinal health in piglets. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a bioactive triterpenoid from licorice, has multiple biological effects, but its protective role under oxidative stress in piglets remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of GA on feed intake, intestinal health, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets exposed to D-galactose (Gal)-induced oxidative stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy large white piglets (weaned at days 28) were divided into 3 group: <em>1</em>) Control group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet; <em>2</em>) Gal group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet supplemented with Gal (10 g/kg body weight); and <em>3</em>) GA + Gal group (<em>n</em> = 8), basal diet supplemented with GA (100 mg/kg diet) and Gal (10 g/kg body weight). The study lasted 28 d. At the end of the experiment, serum, hypothalamus tissue, jejunum tissue, ileum tissue, and ileum content were collected for biochemical, molecular, and microbial analyses. One-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test was used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the Gal group, GA supplementation improved the average daily feed intake (Gal: 0.65 ± 0.04 kg, GA + Gal: 0.79 ± 0.06 kg) by 21.54% and average daily gain (Gal: 0.25 ± 0.04 kg, GA + Gal: 0.41 ± 0.06 kg) by 64% from days 14 to 28 (<em>P</em> < 0.05) but had no such effect from d 0 to 14 (<em>P</em> > 0.05), reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (Gal: 2.39 ± 0.23 nmol/mL, GA + Gal: 1.52 ± 0.25 nmol/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (Gal: 88.33 ± 6.06 nmol/min/mL, GA + Gal: 115.36 ± 8.15 nmol/min/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05). GA supplementation enhanced jejunal fluorescence expression of taste receptor type 1 member 2 (Gal: 46.15% ± 2.07%, GA + Gal: 58.53% ± 4.22%) and member 3 (Gal: 22.76% ± 1.80%, GA + Gal: 35.81% ± 2.63%) than those of Gal group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and dietary GA also markedly increased ileal <em>Romboutsia</em> relative abundance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, compared with the Gal group, GA supplementation increased the positive cells of appetite-related genes (Gal: 54.68% ± 3.70%, GA + Gal:80.16% ± 6.56%, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), Gal: 41.06% ± 8.13%, GA + Gal: 75.38% ± 9.45%) in the hypothalamus (<em>P</em> < 0.05), along with elevated serum levels of ghrelin (Gal: 1674.10 ± 97.10 ng/mL, GA + Gal: 2260.41 ± 113.22 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and NPY (Gal: 179.89 ± 6.46 ng/mL, GA + Gal: 200.94 ± 7.88 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that GA supplementation alleviates oxidative stress, with associated improvements in feed intake and intestinal function, likely mediated through taste receptor signaling, gut microbiota modulation, and hypothalamic appetite regulation. These findings","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145654652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.011
Xin Gen Lei
{"title":"A proud and profound role of The Journal of Nutrition in advancing research and career of nutritionists in China","authors":"Xin Gen Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"156 1","pages":"Article 101242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145573740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号