Journal of Nutrition最新文献_第6页

Cost of a Healthy Diet: A Population-Representative Comparison of 3 Diet Cost Methods in Canada 健康饮食的成本：加拿大三种饮食成本方法的人口代表性比较。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.002

Gabriella Luongo , Valerie Tarasuk , Leah E Cahill , Mohammad Hajizadeh , Yanqing Yi , Catherine L Mah

Background

Different food price sources and dietary assessment tools may impact the estimation of diet costs and hamper our understanding of the relationship between diet costs and dietary intakes.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the effect of 3 diet cost derivation methods, with increasing numbers of food prices and geographic specificity, holding consistent the dietary assessment tool, on the estimation of diet costs overall and by food group.

Methods

We matched 24-h dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS-N) to food price data from 3 Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) food price lists; national short list, national long list, and provincial long list. We compared the daily ($/day) and energy-adjusted ($/2000 kcal) diet costs overall and by food groups for the overall population (4+), children (4–18), and adults (19+).

Results

The proportion of dietary intakes (grams) that were covered by CPI prices significantly increased from the national short list to the national long list but did not significantly differ from the national long list to the provincial long list. The national short list resulted in the highest daily and energy-adjusted diet costs overall. No difference in diet costs was noted between the national and provincial long lists. Diet costs for 4 food groups—additions, sweets, fruits, and vegetables, which were poorly covered by the national short list—significantly differed using the national and provincial long lists. All 3 diet cost methods were significantly correlated with energy intakes; however, a strong/very strong correlation was detected for children, and a weak/moderate correlation for adults.

Conclusions

The choice of food price data may introduce bias in the diet cost estimate, as well as limiting our understanding of how individuals allocate their diet costs. Refinement of diet cost estimation methodology and measures can strengthen future studies of how consumers allocate their purchases to their diets.

简介不同的食品价格来源和膳食评估工具可能会影响膳食成本的估算，并妨碍我们理解膳食成本与膳食摄入量之间的关系。在膳食评估保持一致的情况下，我们研究了三种膳食成本推导方法（食品价格数量和地理特异性不断增加）对总体和各食物组膳食成本估算的影响。方法我们将 2015 年加拿大社区健康调查-营养（CCHS-N）中的 24 小时膳食回忆数据与加拿大消费者价格指数（CPI）的三个食品价格清单（国家短清单、国家长清单和省级长清单）中的食品价格数据进行了比对。我们比较了整体人口（4 岁以上）、儿童（4-18 岁）和成人（19 岁以上）的每日饮食成本（$/天）和能量调整后饮食成本（$/2,000 千卡）。国家短清单导致的每日膳食成本和能量调整膳食成本总体最高。国家长清单和省级长清单的膳食成本没有差异。添加剂、甜食、水果和蔬菜这四类食物的膳食成本在国家短清单和省级长清单中存在显著差异。所有三种膳食成本法都与能量摄入量有明显相关性；但儿童的相关性较强/非常强，成人的相关性较弱/中等。改进膳食成本估算方法和衡量标准可以加强未来对消费者如何分配其购买的膳食的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Excess Folic Acid Exposure Increases Uracil Misincorporation into DNA in a Tissue-Specific Manner in a Mouse Model of Reduced Methionine Synthase Expression 在蛋氨酸合成酶表达减少的小鼠模型中，过量叶酸会以组织特异性方式增加尿嘧啶在 DNA 中的错结合。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.021

Katarina E Heyden , Olga V Malysheva , Amanda J MacFarlane , Lawrence C Brody , Martha S Field

Background

Folate and vitamin B12 (B12) are cofactors in folate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism (FOCM), a metabolic network that supports synthesis of nucleotides (including thymidylate [dTMP]) and methionine. FOCM impairments such as a deficiency or imbalance of cofactors can perturb dTMP synthesis, causing uracil misincorporation into DNA.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine how reduced expression of the B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MTR) and excess dietary folic acid interact to affect folate distribution and markers of genome stability in mouse tissues.

Methods

Heterozygous Mtr knockout mice (Mtr^+/–) model the FOCM-specific effects of B12 deficiency. Folate accumulation and vitamer distribution, genomic uracil concentrations, and phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) immunostaining were measured in male Mtr^+/+ and Mtr^+/− mice weaned to either a folate-sufficient control (C) diet (2 mg/kg folic acid) or a high folic acid (HFA) diet (20 mg/kg folic acid) for 7 wk.

Results

Exposure to the HFA diet led to tissue-specific patterns of folate accumulation, with plasma, colon, kidney, and skeletal muscle exhibiting increased folate concentrations compared with control. Liver total folate did not differ. Although unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) increased 10-fold in mouse plasma with HFA diet, UMFA accounted for <0.2% of total folate in liver and colon tissue. Exposure to HFA diet resulted in a shift in folate distribution in colon tissue with higher 5-methyl-THF and lower formyl-THF than in control mice. Mtr heterozygosity did not impact folate accumulation or distribution in any tissue. Mice on HFA diet exhibited higher uracil in genomic DNA and γH2AX foci in colon. Similar differences were not seen in liver.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that folic acid, even when consumed at high doses, does not meaningfully accumulate in mouse tissues, although high-dose folic acid shifts folate distribution and increases uracil accumulation in genomic DNA in colon tissue.

背景：叶酸和维生素 B12（B12）是叶酸介导的一碳代谢（FOCM）中的辅助因子，这一代谢网络支持核苷酸（包括胸苷酸或 dTMP）和蛋氨酸的合成。辅因子缺乏或失衡等 FOCM 障碍会扰乱 dTMP 的合成，导致尿嘧啶错误地结合到 DNA 中：本研究的目的是确定依赖 B12 的蛋氨酸合成酶（MTR）的表达减少与过量叶酸如何相互作用，从而影响小鼠组织中叶酸的分布和基因组稳定性标记。在雄性Mtr+/+和Mtr+/-小鼠断奶后食用叶酸充足的对照（C）饮食（2毫克/千克叶酸）或高叶酸（HFA）饮食（20毫克/千克叶酸）7周后，对叶酸积累和维生素A分布、基因组尿嘧啶水平和磷酸化组蛋白γH2AX免疫染色进行了测定：与对照组相比，血浆、结肠、肾脏和骨骼肌中的叶酸浓度都有所增加。肝脏总叶酸没有差异。虽然小鼠血浆中的未代谢叶酸（UMFA）在摄入氢氟膳食后增加了 10 倍，但在肝脏和结肠组织中，UMFA 占总叶酸的比例不到 0.2%。与对照组小鼠相比，接触氢氟膳食导致结肠组织中叶酸分布发生变化，5-甲基-THF含量更高，甲酰-THF含量更低。Mtr杂合子不影响叶酸在任何组织中的积累或分布。食用 HFA 食物的小鼠结肠中基因组 DNA 和磷酸化组蛋白 H2AX（γH2AX）病灶中的尿嘧啶含量较高。肝脏中未见类似差异：本研究表明，尽管高剂量叶酸会改变叶酸的分布并增加结肠组织基因组 DNA 中尿嘧啶的积累，但即使高剂量摄入叶酸，也不会在小鼠组织中产生有意义的积累。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in US adults' intake of unprocessed/minimally-processed and ultra-processed foods at home and away from home from 2003-2018. 2003-2018年美国成年人在家和外出摄入未加工/微加工和超加工食品的趋势。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.048

Julia A Wolfson, Anna Claire Tucker, Cindy W Leung, Casey M Rebholz, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Euridice Martinez-Steele

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) comprise >50% of United States (US) adults' energy intake, with the proportion of calories from UPFs increasing over time and the proportion of unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPFs) decreasing over time. Whether UPFs are primarily consumed at home (AH) or away from home (AFH) is important to inform policies and messages to improve dietary quality.

Objectives: We examined trends in consumption of UPFs and MPFs AH and AFH in a nationally representative sample of US adults and within socio-demographic subgroups.

Methods: Data are from 34,628 adults (aged 20 years) with two 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We examined trends over time in intake from MPFs and UPFs as a proportion of total energy intake and as a proportion of AH energy intake and AFH energy intake using generalized linear models adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and household income. We examined differences in trends by socio-demographic subgroups using interaction terms and stratified models.

Results: Overall, and for most demographic subgroups, UPFs comprised >50% of AH energy intake and >50% of AFH energy intake, with UPFs increasing and MPFs decreasing over time as a proportion of energy intake AH and AFH. The proportion of total energy intake from UPFs increased for food consumed AH (33.6% to 37.1%, p-trend<0.001), but not for UPFs consumed AFH (19.5% to 18.8%, p-trend=0.88). From 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, the proportion of total energy intake from MPFs declined for foods consumed AH (23.6% to 20.8%, p-trend<0.001) and AFH (9.7% to 7.5%, p-trend<0.001). Interaction terms testing differences in trends of MPF and UPF intake AH and AFH by socio-demographic subgroups were mostly non-significant.

Conclusions: Findings highlight the ubiquity and increasing proportion of UPFs in US adults' diets regardless of whether foods are consumed AH or AFH.

背景：超加工食品（UPFs）占美国成年人能量摄入的50%以上，其中来自超加工食品的热量比例随着时间的推移而增加，而未加工/微加工食品（MPFs）的比例则随着时间的推移而减少。UPFs主要是在家中（AH）还是离家（AFH）消费，这对于为改善膳食质量的政策和信息提供依据非常重要：我们研究了在具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本中，以及在社会人口亚群中，UPFs 和 MPFs 在 AH 和 AFH 中的消费趋势：数据来自 2003-2018 年美国国家健康与营养调查 (NHANES) 中 34628 名成人（20 岁）的两次 24 小时饮食回顾。我们使用经性别、年龄、种族/民族、教育程度和家庭收入调整的广义线性模型，研究了MPF和UPF摄入量占总能量摄入量的比例以及占AH能量摄入量和AFH能量摄入量的比例随时间变化的趋势。我们使用交互项和分层模型研究了不同社会人口亚群的趋势差异：总体而言，在大多数人口亚群中，UPFs占AH能量摄入量的50%以上，占AFH能量摄入量的50%以上，随着时间的推移，UPFs在AH和AFH能量摄入量中所占比例不断增加，而MPFs则不断减少。在摄入的AH食物中，UPF占总能量摄入量的比例有所增加（从33.6%增至37.1%，p-趋势结论：研究结果表明，在美国成年人的膳食中，无论摄入的食物是AH还是AFH，UPFs都无处不在且比例不断增加。

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引用次数: 0

Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study 增加全蛋摄入量的亚洲低碳水化合物饮食可改善代谢综合征患者的代谢结果：为期 52 周的干预研究。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.027

Bonggochpass Pinsawas , Apinya Surawit , Pichanun Mongkolsucharitkul , Tanyaporn Pongkunakorn , Sophida Suta , Thamonwan Manosan , Suphawan Ophakas , Sureeporn Pumeiam , Kitti Sranacharoenpong , Korapat Mayurasakorn

Background

The low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet, an effective strategy to address metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity has raised concerns about high-fat consumption on atherogenic lipoproteins.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the Asian ketogenic diet (AKD), which incorporates balanced protein and fat intake from Asian foods, with a balanced low-caloric diet (BLC) in individuals diagnosed with MetS.

Methods

A 52-wk randomized clinical trial included 3 parallel groups: AKD with increased whole egg intake [egg yolk Asian ketogenic diet (Yolk-AKD, n = 28)], yolk-free ketogenic diet with egg white supplementation [egg white Asian ketogenic diet (White-AKD, n = 26)], and BLC (n = 22). Primary outcomes were anthropometric and metabolic changes.

Results

The AKD groups achieved significant reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.05). Compared with the BLC group, the AKD groups demonstrated significant improvements in insulin resistance at week 6 and in triglyceride concentrations at weeks 12 (Yolk-AKD) and 35 (White-AKD) (P < 0.05). The AKD groups experienced improvements in hormones associated with insulin sensitivity and appetite, whereas only the Yolk-AKD group had a significant decrease in inflammation-related hormones (P < 0.05). From weeks 35–52, the AKD maintained reductions in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, improved glucose tolerance, enhanced lipid profiles, and better liver function compared with the BLC.

Conclusions

The AKD proved safe and effective, yielding various metabolic improvements in individuals with MetS compared with the BLC. Emphasizing a low-saturated fat diet while disregarding dietary cholesterol, this approach holds promise for MetS and obesity management. The inclusion of both White-AKD and Yolk-AKD groups allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the AKD's impact, elucidating the differential effects of whole egg consumption on metabolic outcomes. Further studies are warranted.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04608136.

背景：低碳水化合物生酮饮食是解决代谢综合征（MetS）和肥胖症的有效策略，但也引起了人们对高脂肪摄入对动脉粥样脂蛋白影响的担忧：本研究的目的是比较亚洲生酮饮食（AKD）与平衡低热量饮食（BLC）在被诊断为代谢综合征患者中的效果：一项为期 52 周的随机临床试验包括三个平行组：方法：为期 52 周的随机临床试验包括三个平行组：增加全蛋摄入量的 AKD 组（蛋黄-AKD，n = 28）、补充蛋白的无蛋黄生酮饮食组（蛋白-AKD，n = 26）和 BLC 组（n = 22）。主要结果为人体测量和代谢变化：结果：AKD 组的体重和腰围均有明显下降（P < 0.05）。与 BLC 组相比，AKD 组在第 6 周时胰岛素抵抗明显改善，在第 12 周（卵黄-AKD）和第 35 周（白色-AKD）时甘油三酯水平明显改善（P < 0.05）。AKD组的胰岛素敏感性和食欲相关激素有所改善，而只有卵黄-AKD组的炎症相关激素显著下降（P < 0.05）。从第35周到第52周，与BLC相比，AKD组的人体测量指标和血压都有所下降，葡萄糖耐量得到改善，血脂状况得到改善，肝功能也有所改善：与 BLC 相比，AKD 被证明是安全有效的，能改善梅毒患者的各种代谢状况。这种方法强调低饱和脂肪饮食，同时不考虑膳食中的胆固醇，有望用于 MetS 和肥胖症的治疗。将白蛋-AKD 组和蛋黄-AKD 组都包括在内，可以全面评估 AKD 的影响，阐明全蛋食用对代谢结果的不同影响。有必要开展进一步的研究。该试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT04608136。

{"title":"Asian Low-Carbohydrate Diet with Increased Whole Egg Consumption Improves Metabolic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome: A 52-Week Intervention Study","authors":"Bonggochpass Pinsawas , Apinya Surawit , Pichanun Mongkolsucharitkul , Tanyaporn Pongkunakorn , Sophida Suta , Thamonwan Manosan , Suphawan Ophakas , Sureeporn Pumeiam , Kitti Sranacharoenpong , Korapat Mayurasakorn","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet, an effective strategy to address metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity has raised concerns about high-fat consumption on atherogenic lipoproteins.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to compare the Asian ketogenic diet (AKD), which incorporates balanced protein and fat intake from Asian foods, with a balanced low-caloric diet (BLC) in individuals diagnosed with MetS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 52-wk randomized clinical trial included 3 parallel groups: AKD with increased whole egg intake [egg yolk Asian ketogenic diet (Yolk-AKD, <em>n</em> = 28)], yolk-free ketogenic diet with egg white supplementation [egg white Asian ketogenic diet (White-AKD, <em>n</em> = 26)], and BLC (<em>n</em> = 22). Primary outcomes were anthropometric and metabolic changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AKD groups achieved significant reductions in weight and waist circumference (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Compared with the BLC group, the AKD groups demonstrated significant improvements in insulin resistance at week 6 and in triglyceride concentrations at weeks 12 (Yolk-AKD) and 35 (White-AKD) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The AKD groups experienced improvements in hormones associated with insulin sensitivity and appetite, whereas only the Yolk-AKD group had a significant decrease in inflammation-related hormones (<em>P</em> < 0.05). From weeks 35–52, the AKD maintained reductions in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, improved glucose tolerance, enhanced lipid profiles, and better liver function compared with the BLC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The AKD proved safe and effective, yielding various metabolic improvements in individuals with MetS compared with the BLC. Emphasizing a low-saturated fat diet while disregarding dietary cholesterol, this approach holds promise for MetS and obesity management. The inclusion of both White-AKD and Yolk-AKD groups allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the AKD's impact, elucidating the differential effects of whole egg consumption on metabolic outcomes. Further studies are warranted.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04608136.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3331-3345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Championing Mid-Career Success: New Initiatives and Enhanced Recognition Programs of the ASN and ASN Foundation 支持职业生涯中期的成功：ASN 和 ASN 基金会的新举措和强化表彰计划

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.032

Sarah L Booth

引用次数: 0

Pig True Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Contents of Individual Ingredients are Additive in Mixed Meals and Allow Accurate Predictions of Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score Values 猪真正的回肠可消化氨基酸含量在混合膳食中具有添加性，可准确预测 DIAAS 值。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.020

Natascha Stroebinger, Suzanne M Hodgkinson, Paul J Moughan

Background

Although not every food protein contributes sufficient quantities of all of the indispensable amino acids (AAs) required for human health, the human diet is a mixture of foods. It is therefore important to evaluate protein quality in mixed meals.

Objectives

The hypothesis was that the true ileal digestible AA content of mixed meals can be predicted from the amounts of digestible AA determined for individual food ingredients, allowing further prediction of the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for meals.

Methods

Four diets contained either pea protein isolate (PPI), whey protein concentrate (WPC), or mixtures of PPI:WPC at a ratio of 25:75 (PP25) or 75:25 (PP75). Six ileal cannulated pigs were allocated to a 4 × 6 Latin Square design. Experimental diets at 10% protein and a protein-free diet were fed for 7 d with ileal digesta collection on days 6 and 7. True ileal digestibility (TID) of AA, amount of digestible AA, and DIAAS were calculated for each diet and predicted for the 2 mixed meals.

Results

Predicted and determined digestible AA contents of the mixed diets were not different. The predicted values fell within the confidence interval (95%) of the determined values. DIAAS for PPI was 61% and for WPC it was 96%. DIAAS calculated based on the predicted amounts of digestible AA for PP25 was 104% and for PP75 83%. These values were nearly identical to the determined values of 104% and 84% for PP25 and PP75, respectively.

Conclusions

The amount of digestible AA and DIAAS can be accurately predicted in mixtures of PP and WPC from the AA digestibility values for the individual ingredients.

背景：虽然并非每种食物蛋白质都能提供人体健康所需的足量氨基酸（AA），但人体膳食是多种食物的混合物。因此，评估混合膳食中的蛋白质质量非常重要：假设可以通过测定单个食物成分的可消化氨基酸含量来预测混合膳食的真正回肠可消化氨基酸含量，从而预测膳食的可消化不可缺少氨基酸得分（DIAAS）：方法：四种日粮分别含有豌豆蛋白分离物（PPI）、乳清浓缩蛋白（WPC）或比例为 25:75 (PP25) 或 75:25 (PP75) 的 PPI:WPC 混合物。六头回肠插管猪被分配到 4 x 6 拉丁方阵设计中。蛋白质含量为 10%的实验日粮和不含蛋白质的日粮饲喂 7 天，第 6 天和第 7 天收集回肠消化物。计算每种日粮的真正回肠AA消化率（TID）、可消化AA量和DIAAS，并预测两种混合日粮的消化率：结果：混合日粮中可消化 AA 含量的预测值和测定值没有差异。预测值在测定值的置信区间（95%）内。PPI 的 DIAAS 为 61%，WPC 为 96%。根据可消化 AA 预测值计算的 DIAAS，PP25 为 104%，PP75 为 83%。这些值与 PP25 和 PP75 的测定值（分别为 104% 和 84%）几乎相同：可消化 AA 和 DIAAS 的含量可根据单个成分的 AA 消化率值准确预测 PP 和 WPC 混合物的含量。

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引用次数: 0

Fine-Scale Dietary Polyphenol Intake Is Associated with Systemic and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adults 健康成年人的微量膳食多酚摄入量与全身和胃肠道炎症有关。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.010

Stephanie MG Wilson , Andrew Oliver , Jules A Larke , José J Naveja , Zeynep Alkan , Joseph M Awika , Charles B Stephensen , Danielle G Lemay

Background

Polyphenols are dietary bioactive compounds, many of which have anti-inflammatory properties. However, information on the intake of dietary polyphenols at the class and compound levels and their associations with gastrointestinal (GI) and systemic inflammation is lacking.

Objectives

Estimate dietary polyphenol intake in healthy adults and examine its relationship with GI and systemic inflammation markers.

Methods

Healthy adults (n = 350) completed the United States Department of Agriculture Nutritional Phenotyping Study, an observational, cross-sectional study balanced for age, sex, and body mass index. Dietary intake, assessed via multiple 24-h recalls, was ingredientized and mapped to FooDB, a comprehensive food composition database. Dietary polyphenol intake (total, class, compound) was estimated and examined for its relationship to GI and systemic inflammation markers using linear models and random forest regressions.

Results

Mean total polyphenol intake was ∼914 mg/1000 kcal/d with flavonoids as the greatest class contributor (495 mg/1000 kcal/d). Tea, coffee, and fruits were among the largest food contributors to polyphenol intake. Total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with the GI inflammation marker, fecal calprotectin (β = −0.004, P = 0.04). At the class level, polyphenols categorized as prenol lipids (β = −0.94, P < 0.01) and phenylpropanoic acids (β = −0.92, P < 0.01) were negatively associated with plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, a proxy for GI permeability. Food sources of these two classes included mainly olive products. We further detected a positive association between C-reactive protein and polyphenols in the “cinnamic acids and derivatives” class using hierarchical feature engineering and random forest modeling.

Conclusions

Even in healthy adults, dietary polyphenol intake was negatively associated with GI inflammation and intake of prenol lipids and phenylpropanoic acids was negatively associated with GI permeability. Relationships between polyphenol intake and inflammatory outcomes varied with the resolution—total, class, compound—of polyphenol intake, suggesting a nuanced impact of polyphenols on GI and systemic inflammation.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.

背景：多酚是一种膳食生物活性化合物，其中许多具有抗炎特性。然而，有关膳食多酚的类别和化合物摄入量及其与胃肠道（GI）和全身炎症的关系的信息还很缺乏：估计健康成年人的膳食多酚摄入量，并研究其与胃肠道和全身炎症指标的关系。方法：健康成年人（n = 350）完成美国农业部营养表型研究，这是一项观察性横断面研究，对年龄、性别和体重指数进行了平衡。膳食摄入量通过 24 小时多次回忆进行评估，并进行成分分析，然后映射到综合食物成分数据库 FooDB。采用线性模型和随机森林回归法估算膳食多酚摄入量（总摄入量、类别摄入量、化合物摄入量），并研究其与消化道和全身炎症指标的关系：多酚总摄入量的平均值约为每天 914 毫克/1000 千卡，其中类黄酮的摄入量最大（每天 495 毫克/1000 千卡）。茶、咖啡和水果是摄入多酚最多的食物。多酚总摄入量与消化道炎症标志物--粪便钙蛋白呈负相关（β=-0.004，p=0.04）。在类别水平上，多酚被归类为前醇脂类（β=-0.94，p=0.04）：即使是健康成年人，膳食中多酚的摄入量也与消化道炎症呈负相关，而前酚类脂质和苯丙酸的摄入量与消化道通透性呈负相关。多酚摄入量与炎症结果之间的关系随多酚摄入量的分辨率（总量、类别、化合物）的不同而变化，这表明多酚对消化道和全身炎症的影响存在细微差别：临床试验登记：NCT02367287，ClinicalTrials.gov.

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引用次数: 0

Consumption of Low-Calorie Sweeteners among Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in the United States, NHANES 2017–2020 美国 6 个月至 5 岁儿童的低热量甜味剂消费情况，NHANES 2017-2020 年。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.028

Xinyu Zhu , Allison C Sylvetsky , Hanqi Luo , Terryl J Hartman , Jean A Welsh

Background

Although the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) consumption by children <5 y due to potential health and development concerns, the extent of this consumption among these children is unknown.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to describe the intake, sources, and dietary patterns associated with LCS consumption among United States infants and preschoolers.

Methods

We used cross-sectional 24-h dietary recall data (day 1) among 1497 children aged 6 mo to 5 y from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 prepandemic. Complex survey procedures and sampling weights were applied to compare LCS consumption patterns (prevalence and frequency [times/day] of any LCS, any LCS-containing beverages [LCSBs], and any LCS-containing foods [LCSFs], with each occurrence of consumption = 1 “serving”) across demographic subgroups and to assess the associated nutrients and % of total energy intake (TEI).

Results

Thirty-one percent of children aged 6 mo to 5 y consumed ≥1 LCSB and/or LCSF on a given day. The prevalence of LCS consumption increased with age, 10.5% (6 to <12 mo) to 34.3% (2–5 y). Among LCS consumers, mean serving frequency was 1.4 times/d, with no differences by age or sex. Of all LCSBs servings consumed, 64.0% were fruit drinks; 57.8% of all LCSFs servings were non-Greek yogurt. As consumption levels increased from no LCS to >1 serving/d, intake of the following also increased: total sugar (+1.8% TEI, P-trend = 0.04), added sugar (+1.1%, P-trend = 0.048), sodium (+304 mg, P-trend = 0.04), and fiber (+0.8 g, P-trend = 0.01). In contrast, protein intake was lower (−0.7% TEI, P-trend = 0.02). Those consuming 1 LCS serving/d consumed more total energy than LCS nonconsumers (1606 compared with 1401 kcal), but TEI did not increase further with >1 LCS serving/d (1607 kcal). LCS consumption was not associated with carbohydrate or fat intake.

Conclusions

LCS consumption, primarily from fruit drinks and non-Greek yogurt, is prevalent among United States preschoolers, and this consumption is associated with greater intake of total sugar, added sugar, and sodium.

背景：美国儿科学会建议儿童不要食用低热量甜味剂（LCS）：描述美国婴幼儿和学龄前儿童摄入低热量甜味剂的相关情况、来源和饮食模式：我们使用了美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）2017-2020 年大流行前对 1,497 名 6 个月至 5 岁儿童的 24 小时膳食回顾横断面数据（第 1 天）。采用复杂的调查程序和抽样权重，比较不同人口亚群的低碳水化合物消费模式（任何低碳水化合物、任何含低碳水化合物饮料[LCSBs]和任何含低碳水化合物食品[LCSFs]的流行率和频率[次数/天]，每次消费=1 "份"），并评估相关营养素和总能量摄入量（TEI）的百分比：结果：31%的 6 个月至 5 岁儿童在某一天食用了≥1 份低碳水化合物和/或低碳水化合物食品。食用低碳水化合物的比例随着年龄的增长而增加，为 10.5%（6-1 份/天，以下食物的摄入量也随之增加：总糖（+1.8% TEI，p-trend=0.04）、添加糖（+1.1%，p-trend=0.048）、钠（+304 毫克，p-trend=0.04）和纤维（+0.8 克，p-trend=0.01）。相比之下，蛋白质摄入量较低（-0.7% TEI，p-趋势=0.02）。每天摄入 1 份低碳水化合物的人比不摄入低碳水化合物的人摄入更多的总能量（1606 千卡对 1401 千卡），但每天摄入>1 份低碳水化合物（1607 千卡）后，总能量摄入量没有进一步增加。低碳水化合物摄入量与碳水化合物或脂肪摄入量无关：结论：在美国学龄前儿童中，主要从水果饮料和非希腊酸奶中摄入低碳水化合物的现象很普遍，而且这种摄入与总糖、添加糖和钠的摄入量增加有关。

{"title":"Consumption of Low-Calorie Sweeteners among Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in the United States, NHANES 2017–2020","authors":"Xinyu Zhu , Allison C Sylvetsky , Hanqi Luo , Terryl J Hartman , Jean A Welsh","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) consumption by children <5 y due to potential health and development concerns, the extent of this consumption among these children is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to describe the intake, sources, and dietary patterns associated with LCS consumption among United States infants and preschoolers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used cross-sectional 24-h dietary recall data (day 1) among 1497 children aged 6 mo to 5 y from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 prepandemic. Complex survey procedures and sampling weights were applied to compare LCS consumption patterns (prevalence and frequency [times/day] of any LCS, any LCS-containing beverages [LCSBs], and any LCS-containing foods [LCSFs], with each occurrence of consumption = 1 “serving”) across demographic subgroups and to assess the associated nutrients and % of total energy intake (TEI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one percent of children aged 6 mo to 5 y consumed ≥1 LCSB and/or LCSF on a given day. The prevalence of LCS consumption increased with age, 10.5% (6 to <12 mo) to 34.3% (2–5 y). Among LCS consumers, mean serving frequency was 1.4 times/d, with no differences by age or sex. Of all LCSBs servings consumed, 64.0% were fruit drinks; 57.8% of all LCSFs servings were non-Greek yogurt. As consumption levels increased from no LCS to >1 serving/d, intake of the following also increased: total sugar (+1.8% TEI, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.04), added sugar (+1.1%, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.048), sodium (+304 mg, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.04), and fiber (+0.8 g, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.01). In contrast, protein intake was lower (−0.7% TEI, <em>P-</em>trend = 0.02). Those consuming 1 LCS serving/d consumed more total energy than LCS nonconsumers (1606 compared with 1401 kcal), but TEI did not increase further with >1 LCS serving/d (1607 kcal). LCS consumption was not associated with carbohydrate or fat intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LCS consumption, primarily from fruit drinks and non-Greek yogurt, is prevalent among United States preschoolers, and this consumption is associated with greater intake of total sugar, added sugar, and sodium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3416-3423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feeding Parenteral Nutrition in the Neonatal Period Programs Dyslipidemia in Adulthood in Yucatan Miniature Pigs 新生儿期肠外营养喂养会导致尤卡坦微型猪成年后血脂异常。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.031

Raniru S Randunu , Khaled Alawaini , Lee-Anne Huber , Edward W Randell , Janet A Brunton , Robert F Bertolo

Background

Early nutritional challenges can lead to permanent metabolic changes, increasing risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving nutrition regimen, used especially in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. Early TPN feeding alters metabolism, but whether these alterations are permanent is unclear. Programmed metabolism is likely caused by epigenetic changes due to imbalances of methyl nutrients.

Objectives

We sought to determine whether feeding TPN in early life would increase risk of developing dyslipidemia in adulthood and whether supplementing the methyl nutrients betaine and creatine to TPN would prevent this development. We also sought to determine whether IUGR exacerbates the effects of neonatal TPN on lipid metabolism in adulthood.

Methods

Female piglets (n = 32; 7 d old) were used in 4 treatments: 24 normal-weight piglets were randomly assigned to sow-fed (SowFed), standard TPN (TPN-control), and TPN with betaine and creatine (TPN-B+C); 8 IUGR piglets were fed control TPN (TPN-IUGR) as a fourth group. After 2 wk of treatment, all pigs were then fed a standard solid diet. At 8 mo old, central venous catheters were implanted to conduct postprandial fat tolerance tests.

Results

Feeding TPN in the neonatal period led to dyslipidemia in adulthood, as indicated by higher postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels in TPN-control (P < 0.05), compared with SowFed. IUGR piglets were particularly sensitive to neonatal TPN feeding, as TPN-IUGR piglets developed obesity and dyslipidemia in adulthood, as indicated by greater backfat thickness (P < 0.05), higher liver TG (P < 0.05), slower postprandial TG clearance (P < 0.05), and elevated fasting plasma nonhigh-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.01), and nonesterified fatty acids (P < 0.001), compared with TPN-control.

Conclusions

Feeding TPN in early life increases the risk of developing dyslipidemia in adulthood, especially in IUGR neonates; however, methyl nutrient supplementation to TPN did not prevent TPN-induced changes in lipid metabolism.

背景早期的营养挑战可导致永久性的代谢变化，增加日后患慢性疾病的风险。全肠外营养（TPN）是一种挽救生命的营养方案，尤其适用于宫内生长受限（IUGR）的新生儿。早期 TPN 喂养会改变新陈代谢，但这些改变是否是永久性的还不清楚。我们试图确定早期喂养 TPN 是否会增加成年后罹患血脂异常的风险，以及在 TPN 中补充甲基营养素甜菜碱和肌酸是否会防止这种情况的发生。我们还试图确定 IUGR 是否会加剧新生儿 TPN 对成年期脂质代谢的影响：24 头体重正常的仔猪被随机分为母猪饲喂组（SowFed）、标准 TPN 组（TPN-对照组）和添加甜菜碱和肌酸的 TPN 组（TPN-B+C）；第四组为 8 头 IUGR 仔猪，饲喂对照 TPN 组（TPN-IUGR）。治疗 2 周后，所有猪只均食用标准固体饲料。结果与 SowFed 相比，TPN-对照组的餐后甘油三酯 (TG) 水平更高（P<0.05），这表明新生儿期饲喂 TPN 会导致成年期血脂异常。IUGR仔猪对新生TPN饲喂特别敏感，TPN-IUGR仔猪成年后会出现肥胖和血脂异常，表现为背膘厚度增加（P<0.05）、肝脏甘油三酯升高（P<0.05）、餐后甘油三酯清除速度减慢（P<0.05）、空腹血浆非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高（P<0.结论早期TPN喂养会增加成年后发生血脂异常的风险，尤其是IUGR新生儿；然而，TPN中补充甲基营养素并不能阻止TPN诱导的脂质代谢变化。

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引用次数: 0

Skin Carotenoids Are Related to Cognitive Abilities among Toddlers 皮肤类胡萝卜素与幼儿的认知能力有关。

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.001

Laura M Rosok , Lexi M Fifield , Rhea Sarma , Shelby A Keye , Anne M Walk , Naiman A Khan

Background

Carotenoids are antioxidant pigments that deposit in human tissues (e.g., skin, macula, and brain) upon dietary consumption. The health implications of skin carotenoids, which reflect overall dietary carotenoid consumption, have not been adequately studied in younger populations.

Objectives

This work aimed to examine links between skin carotenoids and cognitive, language, and motor skills among toddlers. A secondary aim explored relationships between skin carotenoids and neurophysiologic outcomes of sensory memory [i.e., mismatch negativity (MMN)] and the functional integrity of the visual pathway [i.e., visual evoked potentials (VEPs)].

Methods

Toddlers aged 12–18 mo (n = 45) were included in a cross-sectional study. Skin carotenoids were measured with reflection spectroscopy via the Veggie Meter®. Cognitive, language, and motor skills were measured using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development IV Screening Test (BSID-IV). MMN and VEPs were collected with an auditory oddball task and a pattern reversal task, respectively, using electroencephalography. Analyses adjusted for age, household income, highest level of parental education, and total carotenoid intake (mg/1000 kcal).

Results

Regression modeling revealed that skin carotenoids significantly related to cognition (β = 0.24; P = 0.04) and not to any other BSID-IV subsets. Neither MMN nor VEP outcomes significantly related to skin carotenoids.

Conclusions

Greater skin carotenoids were selectively related to cognition, indicating that carotenoids may play a role in cognition in toddlers. Additional research is needed to understand links between skin carotenoids and specific domains of cognitive function and brain health in early life.

背景：类胡萝卜素是一种抗氧化色素，从膳食中摄入后会沉积在人体组织（如皮肤、黄斑和大脑）中。皮肤类胡萝卜素反映了膳食中类胡萝卜素的总体摄入量，而类胡萝卜素对健康的影响尚未在年轻人群中得到充分研究：本研究旨在探讨皮肤类胡萝卜素与幼儿认知、语言和运动技能之间的关系。次要目的是探讨皮肤类胡萝卜素与感觉记忆的神经生理结果（即错配负性[MMN]）和视觉通路的功能完整性（即视觉诱发电位[VEPs]）之间的关系：方法：12-18 个月的幼儿（n = 45）参加了一项横断面研究。通过 Veggie MeterTM 使用反射光谱法测量皮肤类胡萝卜素。认知、语言和运动技能采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表 IV 筛选测试（BSID-IV）进行测量。使用脑电图分别通过听觉怪球任务和模式反转任务收集 MMN 和 VEP。分析对年龄、家庭收入、父母最高教育程度和类胡萝卜素总摄入量（毫克/1000千卡）进行了调整：回归模型显示，皮肤类胡萝卜素与认知能力有显著相关性（R2 = 0.57，p = 0.04），而与任何其他 BSID-IV 子集无关。MMN和VEP结果均与类胡萝卜素无明显关系：结论：皮肤类胡萝卜素的增加与认知能力有选择性关系，表明类胡萝卜素可能对幼儿的认知能力有影响。要了解皮肤类胡萝卜素与认知功能的特定领域和生命早期大脑健康之间的联系，还需要进行更多的研究：不适用。

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引用次数: 0