Background: Adequate iodine status is crucial for children's health and normal development. However, there is a paucity of research on the iodine status of children from areas with high groundwater iodine content.
Objectives: To monitor the iodine status of children in Shandong, China (regions primarily characterized by high iodine concentrations in groundwater) and to describe the factors influencing children's iodine status.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2023 on 3,253 children aged 3-13 years. We collected drinking water, spot urine, and 24-hour urine samples from children to assess their iodine status (measuring drinking water iodine concentration (WIC), water iodine intake (WII), urine iodine concentration (UIC), 24-hour urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE), daily iodine intake (DII), etc.), and analyzed influencing factors.
Results: The median WIC for children was 183 (IQR: 70.2, 362) μg/L, and the median spot UIC was 428 (IQR: 194, 737) μg/L, surpassing the WHO cutoff (300 μg/L). Children at risk of iodine excess numbered 1750 (61.8%). Approximately 61% of iodine intake came from drinking water. Boys had significantly higher iodine intake than girls (P < 0.001). Children's age showed positive correlations with spot UIC, 24-h UIC, and 24-h UIE. There were no significant differences in 24-h UIC and 24-h UIE among children with different BMIs. The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of iodine excess was increased by boy gender, increment in age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), and every 10 μg (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) or 50 μg (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.22) increment in WII.
Conclusion: Children in areas with high groundwater iodine content are at a risk of iodine excess. As age increases, the risk of iodine excess in children rises, with boys at a higher risk than girls.
{"title":"Iodine nutrition status of children 3-13 years of age in areas with high groundwater iodine content in China.","authors":"Rui Yang, Dongping Lv, Na Liang, Xiaoming Wang, Fei Li, Yantong Liu, Wen Chen, Wanqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate iodine status is crucial for children's health and normal development. However, there is a paucity of research on the iodine status of children from areas with high groundwater iodine content.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To monitor the iodine status of children in Shandong, China (regions primarily characterized by high iodine concentrations in groundwater) and to describe the factors influencing children's iodine status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2023 on 3,253 children aged 3-13 years. We collected drinking water, spot urine, and 24-hour urine samples from children to assess their iodine status (measuring drinking water iodine concentration (WIC), water iodine intake (WII), urine iodine concentration (UIC), 24-hour urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE), daily iodine intake (DII), etc.), and analyzed influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median WIC for children was 183 (IQR: 70.2, 362) μg/L, and the median spot UIC was 428 (IQR: 194, 737) μg/L, surpassing the WHO cutoff (300 μg/L). Children at risk of iodine excess numbered 1750 (61.8%). Approximately 61% of iodine intake came from drinking water. Boys had significantly higher iodine intake than girls (P < 0.001). Children's age showed positive correlations with spot UIC, 24-h UIC, and 24-h UIE. There were no significant differences in 24-h UIC and 24-h UIE among children with different BMIs. The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of iodine excess was increased by boy gender, increment in age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), and every 10 μg (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) or 50 μg (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.22) increment in WII.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children in areas with high groundwater iodine content are at a risk of iodine excess. As age increases, the risk of iodine excess in children rises, with boys at a higher risk than girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.049
Carlene S Starck, Robert R Wolfe, Paul J Moughan
Background: Consensus regarding the required intake of indispensable amino acids (IDAAs) and protein (representing total AAs) in the adult is lacking. Oxidation is a major, though not exclusive, source of IDAA loss in the human body and a primary factor determining requirements; a quantitative understanding of oxidative IDAA losses is required.
Objective: To develop a factorial diurnal model of total oxidative IDAA and protein losses in the adult human.
Methods: A factorial diurnal model of oxidative losses of protein and each IDAA at maintenance was developed by estimating the magnitude and variability of sources of oxidative loss from existing literature: inevitable catabolism (constitutive oxidation of each absorbed dietary AA), and protein turnover in the postprandial and postabsorptive states. Total oxidative losses were calculated by summing individual losses, validated against published independent nitrogen balance data and compared to current IDAA requirements.
Results: The factorial model predicted minimum oxidative total AA losses of 390±60 mg.kgBW-1.day-1, 59% of the EAR for protein. Inevitable AA oxidation and oxidation associated with postabsorptive protein turnover were the major sources of the oxidative loss for protein, at 40% and 44%, respectively. Summed oxidative IDAA losses ranged from 64% (isoleucine) to 91% (tryptophan) of current requirements. Total oxidative losses predicted by the model were significant predictors of actual experimental oxidative losses obtained by nitrogen balance (R2=0.66; p=0.049).
Conclusions: The use of a factorial model for estimation of minimum IDAA and protein oxidative losses in the adult human provides an essential starting point for an updated understanding of protein and IDAA requirements. Further iterations of the model will estimate total protein and IDAA requirements, and account for variations in dietary protein quantity and quality, as well as different populations and physiological states. Additional data, especially for inevitable oxidation in humans, and particularly with respect to individual IDAAs, are needed.
{"title":"Towards a dynamic model of indispensable amino acid requirements of the adult human: A factorial estimate of oxidative amino acid losses.","authors":"Carlene S Starck, Robert R Wolfe, Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consensus regarding the required intake of indispensable amino acids (IDAAs) and protein (representing total AAs) in the adult is lacking. Oxidation is a major, though not exclusive, source of IDAA loss in the human body and a primary factor determining requirements; a quantitative understanding of oxidative IDAA losses is required.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a factorial diurnal model of total oxidative IDAA and protein losses in the adult human.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A factorial diurnal model of oxidative losses of protein and each IDAA at maintenance was developed by estimating the magnitude and variability of sources of oxidative loss from existing literature: inevitable catabolism (constitutive oxidation of each absorbed dietary AA), and protein turnover in the postprandial and postabsorptive states. Total oxidative losses were calculated by summing individual losses, validated against published independent nitrogen balance data and compared to current IDAA requirements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The factorial model predicted minimum oxidative total AA losses of 390±60 mg.kgBW<sup>-1</sup>.day<sup>-1</sup>, 59% of the EAR for protein. Inevitable AA oxidation and oxidation associated with postabsorptive protein turnover were the major sources of the oxidative loss for protein, at 40% and 44%, respectively. Summed oxidative IDAA losses ranged from 64% (isoleucine) to 91% (tryptophan) of current requirements. Total oxidative losses predicted by the model were significant predictors of actual experimental oxidative losses obtained by nitrogen balance (R<sup>2</sup>=0.66; p=0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a factorial model for estimation of minimum IDAA and protein oxidative losses in the adult human provides an essential starting point for an updated understanding of protein and IDAA requirements. Further iterations of the model will estimate total protein and IDAA requirements, and account for variations in dietary protein quantity and quality, as well as different populations and physiological states. Additional data, especially for inevitable oxidation in humans, and particularly with respect to individual IDAAs, are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and other milk-derived metabolites are crucial for infant health, influencing gut microbiota and overall development.
Objective: This study aims to uncover insights into the variations of HMOs and non-HMO metabolites based on secretor (Se) status, lactation time, mode of delivery, and infant sex.
Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was designed to compare the levels of HMOs and non-HMOs metabolites in milk samples from 129 lactating Chinese women within 1 year postpartum. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was employed for the identification and quantification of the metabolites. The metabolites measured were grouped into sugars, free amino acids, fatty acids, and metabolites related to energy metabolism. The influence of delivery mode and infant sex on milk metabolite composition were explored.
Results: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) analysis of HMOs profiles revealed distinct clustering based on Se status, with significant differences in 2'-FL and 3-FL levels observed between Se+ and Se- groups. A decreasing trend for 2'-FL and 6-'SL levels, along with an increase in 3-FL levels, was observed with increasing lactating period within 12 months postpartum. Non-HMOs metabolite analysis indicated that Se status only affected glutamate levels. An increase in glutamine levels was observed 3-9 months postpartum. A continuous increase in o-phosphocholine levels was noted in 12 months postpartum, along with reductions in citrate and sn-glycero-phosphocholine levels. Delivery mode and infant sex did not affect both HMOs and non-HMOs levels.
Conclusions: Metabolomic analysis of human milk reveals significant variation of HMOs, but not in non-HMOs, based on Se status. Changes in certain HMOs and non-HMOs levels were also observed over the one year of lactation. Understanding how these metabolites change over time may influence recommendations for maternal diet, supplementation, and the timing of breastfeeding to ensure optimal nutrient delivery to the infant.
{"title":"<sup>1</sup>H NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling and Comparison of Human Milk Across Different Lactation Stages in Secretors and Non-Secretors: A Study of Chinese Lactating Women.","authors":"Guixia Chen, Lifeng Chen, Huiya Wang, Jiyong Zhang, Xiaoling Sun, Xiaoxin Chen, Jianxia Fan, Zhiwei Jia, Yinying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and other milk-derived metabolites are crucial for infant health, influencing gut microbiota and overall development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to uncover insights into the variations of HMOs and non-HMO metabolites based on secretor (Se) status, lactation time, mode of delivery, and infant sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory cross-sectional study was designed to compare the levels of HMOs and non-HMOs metabolites in milk samples from 129 lactating Chinese women within 1 year postpartum. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was employed for the identification and quantification of the metabolites. The metabolites measured were grouped into sugars, free amino acids, fatty acids, and metabolites related to energy metabolism. The influence of delivery mode and infant sex on milk metabolite composition were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) analysis of HMOs profiles revealed distinct clustering based on Se status, with significant differences in 2'-FL and 3-FL levels observed between Se+ and Se- groups. A decreasing trend for 2'-FL and 6-'SL levels, along with an increase in 3-FL levels, was observed with increasing lactating period within 12 months postpartum. Non-HMOs metabolite analysis indicated that Se status only affected glutamate levels. An increase in glutamine levels was observed 3-9 months postpartum. A continuous increase in o-phosphocholine levels was noted in 12 months postpartum, along with reductions in citrate and sn-glycero-phosphocholine levels. Delivery mode and infant sex did not affect both HMOs and non-HMOs levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metabolomic analysis of human milk reveals significant variation of HMOs, but not in non-HMOs, based on Se status. Changes in certain HMOs and non-HMOs levels were also observed over the one year of lactation. Understanding how these metabolites change over time may influence recommendations for maternal diet, supplementation, and the timing of breastfeeding to ensure optimal nutrient delivery to the infant.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.032
Jacqueline M Lauer , Miles A Kirby , Alfa Muhihi , Nzovu Ulenga , Said Aboud , Enju Liu , Robert KM Choy , Michael B Arndt , Jianqun Kou , Wafaie W Fawzi , Andrew T Gewirtz , Christopher R Sudfeld , Karim P Manji , Christopher P Duggan
Background
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired, subclinical state of intestinal inflammation common in children and adults in low-income and middle-income countries. Although vitamin D-3 supplementation has purported anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to ameliorate biomarkers of EED remains unclear.
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal vitamin D-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on biomarkers of EED, systemic inflammation, and growth in women living with HIV and their infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods
We conducted subgroup analyses among randomly selected mothers (n = 720) and infants (n = 365 at 6 wk of age, and n = 266 at 6 mo of age) who participated in a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily maternal 3000 IU vitamin D-3 supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy until 1 y postpartum. Biomarkers of EED (soluble CD14 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein), and growth factors (insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 21) were measured via the Micronutrient and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Assessment Tool. Anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons by randomized treatment arm were performed using ordinary least squares regression models with log2-transformed biomarkers.
Results
At 32 wk of gestation, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (β: −0.19; P = 0.03) and α1-acid glycoprotein (β:−0.11; P = 0.04) were significantly lower in mothers in the vitamin D-3 group than those in mothers in the placebo group. At 6 wk of age, insulin-like growth factor 1 (β:−0.31; P = 0.03) was significantly lower in infants whose mothers were in the vitamin D-3 group than that in infants whose mothers were in the placebo group.
Conclusions
Vitamin D-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation reduced selected EED and systemic inflammation biomarkers among women living with HIV. While the effects of maternal vitamin D-3 supplementation do not appear to extend to infants, there may be an effect on growth factors.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02305927 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02305927).
{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D-3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation on Maternal and Infant Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Systemic Inflammation, and Growth: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Jacqueline M Lauer , Miles A Kirby , Alfa Muhihi , Nzovu Ulenga , Said Aboud , Enju Liu , Robert KM Choy , Michael B Arndt , Jianqun Kou , Wafaie W Fawzi , Andrew T Gewirtz , Christopher R Sudfeld , Karim P Manji , Christopher P Duggan","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired, subclinical state of intestinal inflammation common in children and adults in low-income and middle-income countries. Although vitamin D-3 supplementation has purported anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to ameliorate biomarkers of EED remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal vitamin D-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on biomarkers of EED, systemic inflammation, and growth in women living with HIV and their infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted subgroup analyses among randomly selected mothers (<em>n</em> = 720) and infants (<em>n</em> = 365 at 6 wk of age, and <em>n</em> = 266 at 6 mo of age) who participated in a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily maternal 3000 IU vitamin D-3 supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy until 1 y postpartum. Biomarkers of EED (soluble CD14 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein and α1-acid glycoprotein), and growth factors (insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 21) were measured via the Micronutrient and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Assessment Tool. Anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons by randomized treatment arm were performed using ordinary least squares regression models with log<sub>2</sub>-transformed biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 32 wk of gestation, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (β: −0.19; <em>P</em> = 0.03) and α1-acid glycoprotein (β:−0.11; <em>P</em> = 0.04) were significantly lower in mothers in the vitamin D-3 group than those in mothers in the placebo group. At 6 wk of age, insulin-like growth factor 1 (β:−0.31; <em>P</em> = 0.03) was significantly lower in infants whose mothers were in the vitamin D-3 group than that in infants whose mothers were in the placebo group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vitamin D-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation reduced selected EED and systemic inflammation biomarkers among women living with HIV. While the effects of maternal vitamin D-3 supplementation do not appear to extend to infants, there may be an effect on growth factors.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02305927 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02305927</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3400-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.013
Min Jin , Yuedong Shen , Óscar Monroig , Wenli Zhao , Yangguang Bao , Tingting Zhu , Douglas R Tocher , Qicun Zhou
Background
Silent information regulator protein 1 (Sirt1) is crucial in regulating lipid metabolism, but its specific role and mechanism in fish hepatic lipotoxic injury remain undefined.
Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of Sirt1 and the underlying mechanisms in dietary lipid-induced hepatic lipotoxic injury in a marine teleost black seabream.
Methods
Black seabream were fed a control diet (12% lipid level), high-fat diet (HFD) [18% lipid level, oleic acid (OA)-rich], or HFD supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.00% resveratrol (RSV) for 8 wk. The cultured hepatocytes were stimulated by OA (200 μM), OA supplemented with RSV (20 μM), or transfection with sirt1-small interfering RNA (sisirt1). Biochemical indices, gene expression (qPCR), histology, transmission electron microscope, immunofluorescence, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and determine protein interactions between Sirt1 and Ire1α.
Results
In vivo, RSV supplementation increased mRNA and protein expression levels of sirt1 (236.2% ± 16.1% and 53.1% ± 14.3%) and downregulated the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression levels of ire1α/Ire1α (46.0% ± 7.6% and 38.6% ± 7.0%), jnk/Jnk (57.6% ± 7.3% and 122.1%), and nuclear factor κ B (nf-κb/Nf-κb) p65 (41.7% ± 7.1% and 24.6% ± 0.8%) compared with the HFD group. Similar patterns were found in the in vitro experiments; however, after knockdown of sirt1, although the cells were incubated with RSV, the expression levels of ire1α/ Ire1α, jnk/Jnk, and nf-κb/Nf-κb p65 showed no significant differences compared with the OA treatment. Moreover, we found that mutation of K61 to arginine to mimic Ire1α deacetylation confers protection against Ire1α-mediated OA-rich HFD-induced inflammation and apoptosis.
Conclusions
The findings revealed that Sirt1 protects against OA-rich HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxic injury via the deacetylation of Ire1α on K61, hence reducing Ire1α autophosphorylation level, and suppressing Jnk and Nf-κb p65 activation. This mechanism is elucidated for the first time in fish.
{"title":"Sirt1 Mitigates Hepatic Lipotoxic Injury Induced by High-Fat-Diet in Fish Through Ire1α Deacetylation","authors":"Min Jin , Yuedong Shen , Óscar Monroig , Wenli Zhao , Yangguang Bao , Tingting Zhu , Douglas R Tocher , Qicun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Silent information regulator protein 1 (Sirt1) is crucial in regulating lipid metabolism, but its specific role and mechanism in fish hepatic lipotoxic injury remain undefined.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of Sirt1 and the underlying mechanisms in dietary lipid-induced hepatic lipotoxic injury in a marine teleost black seabream.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Black seabream were fed a control diet (12% lipid level), high-fat diet (HFD) [18% lipid level, oleic acid (OA)-rich], or HFD supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.00% resveratrol (RSV) for 8 wk. The cultured hepatocytes were stimulated by OA (200 μM), OA supplemented with RSV (20 μM), or transfection with <em>sirt1</em>-small interfering RNA (si<em>sirt1</em>). Biochemical indices, gene expression (qPCR), histology, transmission electron microscope, immunofluorescence, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to evaluate hepatic lipid deposition, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and determine protein interactions between Sirt1 and Ire1α.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In vivo, RSV supplementation increased mRNA and protein expression levels of <em>sirt1</em> (236.2% ± 16.1% and 53.1% ± 14.3%) and downregulated the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression levels of <em>ire1α</em>/Ire1α (46.0% ± 7.6% and 38.6% ± 7.0%), <em>jnk</em>/Jnk (57.6% ± 7.3% and 122.1%), and nuclear factor <em>κ</em> B (<em>nf-κb</em>/Nf-κb) p65 (41.7% ± 7.1% and 24.6% ± 0.8%) compared with the HFD group. Similar patterns were found in the in vitro experiments; however, after knockdown of <em>sirt1</em>, although the cells were incubated with RSV, the expression levels of <em>ire1α</em>/ Ire1α<em>, jnk</em>/Jnk, and <em>nf-κb</em>/Nf-κb p65 showed no significant differences compared with the OA treatment. Moreover, we found that mutation of K61 to arginine to mimic Ire1α deacetylation confers protection against Ire1α-mediated OA-rich HFD-induced inflammation and apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings revealed that Sirt1 protects against OA-rich HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxic injury <em>via</em> the deacetylation of Ire1α on K61, hence reducing Ire1α autophosphorylation level, and suppressing Jnk and Nf-κb p65 activation. This mechanism is elucidated for the first time in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3210-3224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.008
Ana Luz Kruger , Agustina Malpeli , Marisa Sala , Carla Casado , Ignacio Mendez , Lucrecia Fotia , Mercedes López , Andrea Tournier , Daniel Castrogiovanni , Florencia Heredia , Ramiro Llovera , Helgi B Schiöth , Mario Perelló , María F Andreoli
Background
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a recently recognized anorectic and glucose-regulating hormone with an unknown role in lactation.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to assess LEAP2 presence in human milk and putative associations with infant body weight and adiposity in the first year of life, 2) to evaluate the impact of maternal weight status on LEAP2 concentration, and 3) to explore the relationship between infant plasma LEAP2 concentration and body weight and adiposity.
Methods
This prospective cohort observational study assessed LEAP2 concentration in plasma and milk from lactating women with normal weight (n = 26) or overweight or obesity (OW/OB, n = 26) at 6 mo postpartum and in 6-mo-old infant plasma, examining associations with metabolic and anthropometric variables at 6 mo and 1 y. Maternal plasma and milk leptin and insulin concentrations were also measured. LEAP2 expression in milk fat globules and single-cell-RNA-sequencing datasets was evaluated.
Results
LEAP2 was detected in all milk samples assessed (2.08 ± 0.65 ng/mL) and was positively associated with infant triceps (P = 0.022, Cohen f2 = 1.25) and subscapular (P = 0.008, f2 = 0.68) skinfolds at 1 y old. Maternal LEAP2 was positively associated with insulin (P = 0.005, f2 = 0.30) and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.040, f2 = 0.17) and negatively associated with gestational weight gain (P = 0.008, f2 = 0.25) and postpartum weight retention (P = 0.036, f2 = 0.15). Maternal LEAP2 was higher in plasma (P = 0.039), but not milk of lactating women with OW/OB. Infant plasma LEAP2 (1.98 ± 0.28 ng/mL) was positively associated with weight (P = 0.004, f2 = 0.63), BMI (P = 0.049, f2 = 0.37), and weight-for-length (P = 0.024, f2 = 0.35) z-scores at 1 y old, predominantly in males. No evidence for LEAP2 mRNA expression was found in mammary cells.
Conclusions
Milk LEAP2 is a bioactive component that plays a role in infant fat accretion in the first year of life. Although maternal LEAP2 responds to weight change in pregnancy and lactation, infant plasma LEAP2 might be involved in body weight regulation in early life.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05798676.
{"title":"The Concentration of Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 in Human Milk and Infant Plasma Is Positively Associated with Adiposity and Body Weight in the First Year of Life","authors":"Ana Luz Kruger , Agustina Malpeli , Marisa Sala , Carla Casado , Ignacio Mendez , Lucrecia Fotia , Mercedes López , Andrea Tournier , Daniel Castrogiovanni , Florencia Heredia , Ramiro Llovera , Helgi B Schiöth , Mario Perelló , María F Andreoli","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a recently recognized anorectic and glucose-regulating hormone with an unknown role in lactation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objectives of this study were as follows: <em>1</em>) to assess LEAP2 presence in human milk and putative associations with infant body weight and adiposity in the first year of life, <em>2</em>) to evaluate the impact of maternal weight status on LEAP2 concentration, and <em>3</em>) to explore the relationship between infant plasma LEAP2 concentration and body weight and adiposity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort observational study assessed LEAP2 concentration in plasma and milk from lactating women with normal weight (<em>n</em> = 26) or overweight or obesity (OW/OB, <em>n</em> = 26) at 6 mo postpartum and in 6-mo-old infant plasma, examining associations with metabolic and anthropometric variables at 6 mo and 1 y. Maternal plasma and milk leptin and insulin concentrations were also measured. <em>LEAP2</em> expression in milk fat globules and single-cell-RNA-sequencing datasets was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LEAP2 was detected in all milk samples assessed (2.08 ± 0.65 ng/mL) and was positively associated with infant triceps (<em>P</em> = 0.022, Cohen <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 1.25) and subscapular (<em>P</em> = 0.008, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.68) skinfolds at 1 y old. Maternal LEAP2 was positively associated with insulin (<em>P</em> = 0.005, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.30) and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (<em>P</em> = 0.040, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.17) and negatively associated with gestational weight gain (<em>P</em> = 0.008, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.25) and postpartum weight retention (<em>P</em> = 0.036, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.15). Maternal LEAP2 was higher in plasma (<em>P</em> = 0.039), but not milk of lactating women with OW/OB. Infant plasma LEAP2 (1.98 ± 0.28 ng/mL) was positively associated with weight (<em>P</em> = 0.004, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.63), BMI (<em>P</em> = 0.049, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.37), and weight-for-length (<em>P</em> = 0.024, <em>f</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.35) z-scores at 1 y old, predominantly in males. No evidence for <em>LEAP2</em> mRNA expression was found in mammary cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Milk LEAP2 is a bioactive component that plays a role in infant fat accretion in the first year of life. Although maternal LEAP2 responds to weight change in pregnancy and lactation, infant plasma LEAP2 might be involved in body weight regulation in early life.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05798676.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3388-3399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.011
Rhonda C Bell , Peter Zahradka , Michel Aliani , YuZhu Liang , Megan Jarman , Michelle MacKenzie , Catherine Chan , Jocelyn Ozga , Spencer Proctor , David Wishart , Carla G Taylor
Background
Diets including pulses are associated with better cardiovascular profiles, including lipid, glycemia, and hemodynamics; however, evidence is lacking regarding the contributions of individual pulse varieties.
Objectives
This randomized, controlled trial examined the effects of beans or peas individually, relative to rice, on LDL-cholesterol levels (primary outcome) and other indices of cardiovascular disease risk (secondary outcomes) at 6 wk in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Methods
This randomized, controlled, single-blind, 3-arm parallel-group study was conducted in 2 Canadian cities (Edmonton, Alberta; Winnipeg, Manitoba). Participants (n = 60 per group) were randomly assigned to 6 wk of regular consumption of foods containing either 120 g (∼0.75 cups) of beans (mixture of black, great northern, navy, and pinto) or 120 g (∼0.75 cups) peas (mixture of yellow and green), or identical foods containing white, parboiled rice (control foods). LDL-cholesterol (primary outcome) and indices of lipid metabolism, glycemia, and hemodynamics (secondary outcomes) were assessed.
Results
Mean LDL-cholesterol was lower in the bean group (−0.21; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.03) but not the pea group (−0.11; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.07) relative to rice after 6 wk. Non-HDL-cholesterol (−0.20; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.002) and total cholesterol (−0.28; 95% CI: −0.49, −0.06) were also lower in the bean compared with rice groups. No changes were noted in triglycerides (−0.07; 95% CI: −0.28, 0.14), glucose (0.02; 95% CI: −0.17, 0.14), insulin (4.94; 95% CI: −5.51, 11.38), or blood pressure (systolic: −1.39; 95% CI: −5.18, 2.40; diastolic: −1.89; 95% CI: −4.65, 0.88). Dietary fiber intake (grams per day or grams per 1000 kcal) was not correlated with LDL-cholesterol (grams per day: r2 = 0.209, P = 0.142; grams per 1000 kcal: r2 =0.126, P = 0.379) in the bean group. Gastrointestinal effects were transient and most often not related to the study foods.
Conclusions
Beans, but not peas, lowered LDL-cholesterol, relative to rice, in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fiber may not be responsible for the effect of beans, suggesting other phytochemicals may be the active component(s). Strategies incorporating 120 g of pulses in a meal are feasible for managing some cardiometabolic risk factors.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01661543.
{"title":"A Comparison of Dry Bean and Pea Consumption on Serum Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Mild Hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Rhonda C Bell , Peter Zahradka , Michel Aliani , YuZhu Liang , Megan Jarman , Michelle MacKenzie , Catherine Chan , Jocelyn Ozga , Spencer Proctor , David Wishart , Carla G Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diets including pulses are associated with better cardiovascular profiles, including lipid, glycemia, and hemodynamics; however, evidence is lacking regarding the contributions of individual pulse varieties.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This randomized, controlled trial examined the effects of beans or peas individually, relative to rice, on LDL-cholesterol levels (primary outcome) and other indices of cardiovascular disease risk (secondary outcomes) at 6 wk in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This randomized, controlled, single-blind, 3-arm parallel-group study was conducted in 2 Canadian cities (Edmonton, Alberta; Winnipeg, Manitoba). Participants (<em>n</em> = 60 per group) were randomly assigned to 6 wk of regular consumption of foods containing either 120 g (∼0.75 cups) of beans (mixture of black, great northern, navy, and pinto) or 120 g (∼0.75 cups) peas (mixture of yellow and green), or identical foods containing white, parboiled rice (control foods). LDL-cholesterol (primary outcome) and indices of lipid metabolism, glycemia, and hemodynamics (secondary outcomes) were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean LDL-cholesterol was lower in the bean group (−0.21; 95% CI: −0.39, −0.03) but not the pea group (−0.11; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.07) relative to rice after 6 wk. Non-HDL-cholesterol (−0.20; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.002) and total cholesterol (−0.28; 95% CI: −0.49, −0.06) were also lower in the bean compared with rice groups. No changes were noted in triglycerides (−0.07; 95% CI: −0.28, 0.14), glucose (0.02; 95% CI: −0.17, 0.14), insulin (4.94; 95% CI: −5.51, 11.38), or blood pressure (systolic: −1.39; 95% CI: −5.18, 2.40; diastolic: −1.89; 95% CI: −4.65, 0.88). Dietary fiber intake (grams per day or grams per 1000 kcal) was not correlated with LDL-cholesterol (grams per day: <em>r</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.209, <em>P</em> = 0.142; grams per 1000 kcal: <em>r</em><sup>2</sup> =0.126, <em>P</em> = 0.379) in the bean group. Gastrointestinal effects were transient and most often not related to the study foods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Beans, but not peas, lowered LDL-cholesterol, relative to rice, in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia. Fiber may not be responsible for the effect of beans, suggesting other phytochemicals may be the active component(s). Strategies incorporating 120 g of pulses in a meal are feasible for managing some cardiometabolic risk factors.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT01661543.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3375-3387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.031
{"title":"Invitation for Nominations for 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3497-3501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.023
Samuel Muli , Annika Blumenthal , Christina-Alexandra Conzen , Maike Elena Benz , Ute Alexy , Matthias Schmid , Pekka Keski-Rahkonen , Anna Floegel , Ute Nöthlings
Background
High consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) continues to draw significant public health interest because of the associated negative health outcomes. Metabolomics can contribute to the understanding of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence health.
Objectives
To investigate urine and plasma metabolomic biomarkers of UPF intake in adolescents and young adults.
Methods
We used data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study to investigate cross-sectional associations of UPF intake with concentrations of urine metabolites in adolescents using 3d weighed dietary records (3d-WDR) and 24-h urine samples (n = 339), and associations of repeatedly assessed UPF intake with concentrations of circulating plasma metabolites in young adults with 3–6 3d-WDRs within 5 y preceding blood measurement (n = 195). Urine and plasma samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Biosample-specific metabolite patterns (MPs) were determined using robust sparse principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of UPF consumption (as a percentage of total food intake in g/d) with concentrations of individual metabolites and MP scores.
Results
The median proportion of UPF intake was 22.0% [interquartile range (IQR): 12.3, 32.9] in adolescents and 23.2% (IQR: 16.0, 31.6) in young adults. We identified 42 and 6 UPF intake-associated metabolites in urine and plasma samples, respectively. One urinary MP, “xenobiotics and amino acids” [β = 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.014, 0.070] and 1 plasma MP, “lipids, xenobiotics, and amino acids” (β = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.117) showed positive association with UPF intake. Both patterns shared 29 metabolites, mostly of xenobiotic metabolism.
Conclusions
We identified urine and plasma metabolites associated with UPF intake in adolescents and young adults, which may represent some of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence metabolism and health.
{"title":"Association of Ultraprocessed Foods Intake with Untargeted Metabolomics Profiles in Adolescents and Young Adults in the DONALD Cohort Study","authors":"Samuel Muli , Annika Blumenthal , Christina-Alexandra Conzen , Maike Elena Benz , Ute Alexy , Matthias Schmid , Pekka Keski-Rahkonen , Anna Floegel , Ute Nöthlings","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) continues to draw significant public health interest because of the associated negative health outcomes. Metabolomics can contribute to the understanding of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence health.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate urine and plasma metabolomic biomarkers of UPF intake in adolescents and young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study to investigate cross-sectional associations of UPF intake with concentrations of urine metabolites in adolescents using 3d weighed dietary records (3d-WDR) and 24-h urine samples (<em>n</em> = 339), and associations of repeatedly assessed UPF intake with concentrations of circulating plasma metabolites in young adults with 3–6 3d-WDRs within 5 y preceding blood measurement (<em>n</em> = 195). Urine and plasma samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Biosample-specific metabolite patterns (MPs) were determined using robust sparse principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of UPF consumption (as a percentage of total food intake in g/d) with concentrations of individual metabolites and MP scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median proportion of UPF intake was 22.0% [interquartile range (IQR): 12.3, 32.9] in adolescents and 23.2% (IQR: 16.0, 31.6) in young adults. We identified 42 and 6 UPF intake-associated metabolites in urine and plasma samples, respectively. One urinary MP, “xenobiotics and amino acids” [<em>β</em> = 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.014, 0.070] and 1 plasma MP, “lipids, xenobiotics, and amino acids” (<em>β</em> = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.117) showed positive association with UPF intake. Both patterns shared 29 metabolites, mostly of xenobiotic metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified urine and plasma metabolites associated with UPF intake in adolescents and young adults, which may represent some of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence metabolism and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3255-3265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.018
Rebecca Klapp , Julie Ann Laxamana , Yurii B Shvetsov , Song-Yi Park , Rieko Kanehara , Veronica Wendy Setiawan , Ina Danquah , Loïc Le Marchand , Gertraud Maskarinec
Background
The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide.
Objectives
We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993–1996. Anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake were assessed by questionnaire at cohort entry (Qx1) and 10 y later (Qx3). To create the EAT-Lancet index (range: 0–48 points), a 3-point scoring system for 16 food groups standardized to 2500 kcal/d was applied. T2D cases were identified through repeated self-reports and administrative data. In a prospective design, obesity at Qx3 and T2D incidence were evaluated using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) while adjusting for relevant covariates.
Results
Among 193,379 MEC participants, the overall mean of the EAT-Lancet index score was 25 ± 4 points and 46,140 new T2D cases were identified. Higher adjusted means were observed in females than males, in participants of Japanese American and Native Hawaiian ancestry, and in those with healthy weight than overweight or obese. Obesity was lower in cohort members with higher EAT-Lancet scores (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.79 for tertile 3 compared with 1). Although T2D incidence was 10% lower among participants in the highest (27–42 points) compared with the lowest (9–23 points) EAT-Lancet index tertile (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92), the association was attenuated after BMI adjustment (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This inverse association with T2D was restricted to African American and European American participants.
Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is related to a lower risk of obesity, which may be partially responsible for the small reduction in T2D incidence.
{"title":"The EAT-Lancet Diet Index Is Associated with Lower Obesity and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort","authors":"Rebecca Klapp , Julie Ann Laxamana , Yurii B Shvetsov , Song-Yi Park , Rieko Kanehara , Veronica Wendy Setiawan , Ina Danquah , Loïc Le Marchand , Gertraud Maskarinec","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993–1996. Anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake were assessed by questionnaire at cohort entry (Qx1) and 10 y later (Qx3). To create the EAT-Lancet index (range: 0–48 points), a 3-point scoring system for 16 food groups standardized to 2500 kcal/d was applied. T2D cases were identified through repeated self-reports and administrative data. In a prospective design, obesity at Qx3 and T2D incidence were evaluated using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) while adjusting for relevant covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 193,379 MEC participants, the overall mean of the EAT-Lancet index score was 25 ± 4 points and 46,140 new T2D cases were identified. Higher adjusted means were observed in females than males, in participants of Japanese American and Native Hawaiian ancestry, and in those with healthy weight than overweight or obese. Obesity was lower in cohort members with higher EAT-Lancet scores (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.79 for tertile 3 compared with 1). Although T2D incidence was 10% lower among participants in the highest (27–42 points) compared with the lowest (9–23 points) EAT-Lancet index tertile (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92), the association was attenuated after BMI adjustment (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This inverse association with T2D was restricted to African American and European American participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings support the hypothesis that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is related to a lower risk of obesity, which may be partially responsible for the small reduction in T2D incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3407-3415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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