Journal of Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Eating Egg-Rich Diets and Modeling the Addition of One Daily Egg Reduced Risk of Nutrient Inadequacy among United States Adolescents with and without Food Insecurity","authors":"Analí Morales-Juárez ,&nbsp;Alexandra E Cowan-Pyle ,&nbsp;Regan L Bailey ,&nbsp;Heather A Eicher-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescents have the poorest dietary intake throughout their lifespan. Food insecurity worsens these nutritional risks. Eggs are a nutrient-dense strategy to increase nutrient quality.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>1</em>) compare usual nutrient intakes, Dietary Reference Intake and protein compliance with recommendations and scores of micronutrient quality; and <em>2</em>) analyze how adding 1 egg affects adolescents’ nutrient profiles, by food security status and egg-rich diets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary data of United States adolescents in the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (14–17 y; <em>n</em> = 3633). Egg-rich diet levels were categorized as <em>1</em>) no eggs, <em>2</em>) eggs as ingredients in dishes, or <em>3</em>) primarily egg dishes. Food security status was classified using the United States Household Food Security Survey Module. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual nutrient intake and nutrient exposure scores [i.e., Food Nutrient Index (FNI) and Total Nutrient Index (TNI)]. Nutrient amounts from 1 medium egg were modeled on existing intakes. Pairwise t-tests determined significant differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 60% of adolescents risked inadequate intake of calcium, choline, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E regardless of food security status. Food-secure adolescents consuming primarily egg dishes had higher mean usual intakes of lutein + zeaxanthin (1544.1 <em>μ</em>g), choline (408.4 mg), vitamin B2 (2.3 mg), selenium (128.6 <em>μ</em>g), vitamin D (6 <em>μ</em>g), docosahexaenoic acid (70 mg), and protein (89.1 g) than other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0002). Those who were food secure and consuming eggs as ingredients in dishes demonstrated higher nutrient adequacy for magnesium (scored ∼66 out of 100), potassium (scored 81), and total scores (scored 72 and 69, respectively) for the TNI and FNI; and folate only (scored 92) for the TNI, than those who were food insecure and not consuming eggs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0002). Adding 1 egg increased choline and vitamin D usual intakes for some groups and nutrient index scores for all groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adolescents are at substantial nutritional risk that was exacerbated by food insecurity and less egg consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3475-3484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intake of Added Sugar from Different Sources and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Body Mass Index","authors":"Ziwei Shi ,&nbsp;Wenmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiqun Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yan ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Wei ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent studies have shown an ascending trend in global added sugar consumption. Evidence for the long-term consequences of added sugar from different sources on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the associations between added sugar from various sources and the risk of all-cause mortality and CVDs, and to determine whether genetic predisposition and body mass index (BMI, in kg/m²) influence or mediate these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 196,414 UK Biobank participants who completed a 24-h food survey between 2009 and 2012. Sugar contents were collected from the Composition of Foods Integrated Data set (CoFID). The National Death Registries and hospital records provided data on death and the disease diagnosis. We employed a polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess the genetic predisposition. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally, 10,081 deaths, 38,563 hypertension cases, 12,306 ischemic heart diseases (IHD), and 5491 cerebrovascular diseases were documented. Compared with the lowest quartile group of added sugar intake, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality in the highest quartile were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.30) for total added sugar, 1.03 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.10) for solids, and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.23) for beverages. For CVDs, significant associations were observed in total added sugar and beverage sources. These associations were not altered by PRS, and individuals at greatest risk showed higher PRS along with excessive added sugar consumption (<em>P</em>_trend &lt; 0.001). BMI was found to mediate the highest proportion of the association between added sugar and hypertension (19.10% for total; 36.95% for beverages).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher intake of added sugar, especially from beverages, is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVDs. BMI mediates a proportion of these associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3457-3464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Betaine: A Critical Analysis of Therapeutic Potential Compared with Marketing Hype—A Narrative Review","authors":"Grzegorz Nikrandt,&nbsp;Agata Chmurzynska","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research interest in betaine supplementation has surged in recent years, for both enhancing sports performance and treating metabolic conditions. This surge aligns with an expanding market for betaine supplements, which are often marketed as promising aids for a range of metabolic conditions. Despite numerous in vitro and in vivo studies elucidating betaine’s involvement in crucial metabolic pathways, consensus remains elusive on its clinical efficacy as a dietary supplement, based on results from randomized controlled trials. One analysis of dietary betaine intake in 28 observational studies showed a mean intake of 182 mg/d of betaine, with the main sources including grain-based foods, baked products, grains, cereals, and vegetables. Analysis of the results from human randomized clinical trials has shown that betaine supplementation improves body composition when combined with physical activity. Additionally, betaine supplementation decreases serum homocysteine levels, but does not affect liver enzymes, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, although it does increase total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at doses ≥4 g/d. Market analysis has demonstrated that betaine is a popular supplement for supporting various physiological processes, such as digestibility, methylation, physical performance, and liver or cardiovascular health. Manufacturers suggest a diverse range of applications for betaine supplements, with 14 different uses identified. Additionally, high variability can be seen in the recommended usage directions for betaine. This narrative research sheds light on the evolving landscape of betaine supplementation and highlights the need for further investigation to clarify its clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3167-3176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential One-Carbon Metabolites among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Tianqi Wang ,&nbsp;Wennan He ,&nbsp;Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxun Gou ,&nbsp;Yu Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Du ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Weili Yan ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Driven by the complex multifactorial etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a growing interest surrounds the disturbance in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (OCM) in the pathology of ASD, whereas the evidence remained inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aims to investigate the association of OCM metabolism and ASD and characterize differential OCM metabolites among children with ASD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plasma OCM metabolites were investigated in 59 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical children using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technology. Differences (significance level &lt; 0.001) were tested in each OCM metabolite between cases and controls. Multivariable models were also performed after adjusting for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten out of 22 examined OCM metabolites were significantly different in children with ASD, compared with neurotypical controls. Specifically, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were increased, whereas S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), choline, glycine, L-serine, cystathionine, L-cysteine, and taurine levels were significantly decreased. Children with ASD showed significantly higher SAM/SAH ratio (3.87 ± 0.93 compared with 2.00 ± 0.76, <em>P</em> = 0.0001) and lower GSH/GSSG ratio [0.58 (0.46, 0.81) compared with 1.71 (0.93, 2.99)] compared with the neurotypical controls. Potential interactive effects between SAM/SAH ratio, taurine, L-serine, and gastrointestinal syndromes were further observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OCM disturbance was observed among children with ASD, particularly in methionine methylation and trans-sulfuration pathways. The findings add valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying ASD and the potential of ameliorating OCM as a promising therapeutic of ASD, which warrant further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3346-3352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Sugar and Saturated Fat Consumption Associated with the Gastrointestinal Microbiome during Pregnancy","authors":"Caitlin Dreisbach ,&nbsp;Tonja Nansel ,&nbsp;Shyamal Peddada ,&nbsp;Wanda Nicholson ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Siega-Riz","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Growing evidence supports changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome over the course of pregnancy may have an impact on the short- and long-term health of both the mother and the child.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to explore the association of diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), with the composition and gene ontology (GO) representation of microbial function in the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of <em>n =</em> 185 pregnant participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study. Maternal dietary intake was assessed in the first trimester using the automated self-administered 24-h recall method, from which the HEI 2015 was calculated. Rectal swabs were obtained in the second trimester and sequenced using the NovaSeq 6000 system shotgun platform. We used unsupervised clustering to identify microbial enterotypes representative of maternal taxa and GO functional term composition. Multivariable linear models were used to identify associations between taxa, functional terms, and food components while controlling for relevant covariates. Multinomial regression was then used to predict enterotype membership based on a participant’s HEI food component score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Those in the high diet quality tertile had a lower early pregnancy BMI [mean (<em>M</em>) = 23.48 kg/m², SD = 3.38] compared with the middle (<em>M</em> = 27.35, SD = 6.01) and low (<em>M</em> = 27.49, SD = 6.99) diet quality tertiles (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between the HEI components or the total HEI score and the 4 alpha diversity measures. Differences in taxa and GO term enterotypes were found in participants with, but not limited to, a higher saturated fat component score (<em>β</em> = 1.35, <em>P</em> = 0.01), added sugar HEI component (<em>β</em> = 0.07, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and higher total dairy score (<em>β</em> = 1.58, <em>P</em> = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Specific dietary components are associated with microbial composition and function in the second trimester of pregnancy. These findings provide a foundation for future testable hypotheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3246-3254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate Oligosaccharides Enhance Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function, Alleviating Host Damage Induced by Deoxynivalenol in Mice","authors":"Jinqiu Mi ,&nbsp;Yaoyi Tong ,&nbsp;Qiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Lin ,&nbsp;Qiugang Ma ,&nbsp;Tiantian Li ,&nbsp;Shimeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) exhibits notable effects in terms of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Deoxynivalenol (DON) has the potential to trigger intestinal inflammation by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, thereby compromising the integrity of the intestinal barrier function and perturbing the balance of the gut microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We assessed the impact of AOS on mitigating DON-induced intestinal damage and systemic inflammation in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After a 1-wk acclimatization period, the mice were divided into 4 groups. For 3 wk, the AOS and AOS + DON groups were gavaged daily with 200 μL of AOS [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)], whereas the CON and DON groups received an equivalent volume of sterile Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS). Subsequently, for 1 wk, the DON and AOS + DON groups received 100 μL of DON (4.8 mg/kg BW) daily, whereas the control (CON) and AOS groups continued receiving PBS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After administering DON via gavage to mice, there was a significant decrease (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in body weights compared with the CON group. Interestingly, AOS exhibited a tendency to mitigate this weight loss in the AOS + DON group. In the feces of mice treated with both AOS and DON, the concentration of DON significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared with the DON group alone. Histological analysis revealed that DON exposure caused increased intestinal damage, including shortened villi and eroded epithelial cells, which was ameliorated by presupplementation with AOS, alleviating harm to the intestinal barrier function. In both jejunum and colon tissues, DON exposure significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin and occludin in the colon) and the mucin protein mucin 2, compared with the CON group. Prophylactic administration of AOS alleviated these reductions, thereby improving the expression levels of these key proteins. Additionally, AOS supplementation protected DON-exposed mice by increasing the abundance of probiotics such as <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Faecalibaculum</em>, and <em>Romboutsia</em>. These gut microbes are known to enhance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) anti-inflammatory responses and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including total SCFAs, acetate, and valerate, compared with the DON group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study unveils that AOS not only enhances gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function but also significantly mitigates DON-induced intestinal damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3190-3202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting Potatoes with Other Food Groups and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Findings from the Diet, Cancer, and Health Study.","authors":"Pratik Pokharel, Anja Olsen, Cecilie Kyrø, Anne Tjønneland, Kevin Murray, Lauren C Blekkenhorst, Marianne U Jakobsen, Christina C Dahm, Catherine P Bondonno, Jonathan M Hodgson, Nicola P Bondonno","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although potatoes are considered a dietary staple in some cultures, evidence suggests that their impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is nuanced, with preparation methods and dietary patterns playing crucial roles. Investigating the substitution effects of replacing potatoes with other foods is required to inform dietary recommendations for lowering T2D risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this was to investigate associations between the substitution of potatoes (excluding fries/chips) with other food groups (vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, and dairy) and the risk of T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The diet of participants from the prospective Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study (DCH) was measured at baseline (1993-1997) by a food frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed up for incident T2D from baseline until 2012. Associations between the substitution of potatoes (total, boiled, and mashed) with other food groups and incident T2D was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 54,793 DCH study participants, during a median follow-up of 16.3 y, 7693 incident T2D cases were recorded. A 26% lower risk of T2D was observed when 50 g/d of potatoes were substituted with the same amount of whole grains [hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 (0.70, 0.79)]. Similarly, a lower risk of T2D was observed upon substituting 25 g/d of potatoes with an equivalent amount of green leafy [HR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.74, 0.83)], cruciferous [HR (95% CI): 0.87 (0.83, 0.92)], and yellow/orange/red vegetables [HR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96, 0.99)]. Conversely, a higher risk of T2D was observed when potatoes were substituted with poultry [HR (95% CI): 1.08 (1.02, 1.15)], red meat [HR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.02, 1.10)], and processed meat [HR (95% CI): 1.17 (1.11, 1.23)]. Replacing boiled potatoes with red meat or poultry was associated with a higher risk of T2D compared with replacing mashed potatoes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substituting potatoes with whole grains and most types of vegetables was associated with a lower risk of T2D, whereas substituting potatoes with poultry, red meat, and processed meat was associated with a higher risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There Is No More Time Not To Consider the Planetary Diet for All","authors":"Alisson D Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3161-3162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotaceuticals: Back to the future?","authors":"Gordon S Howarth","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotic research has undergone some exciting and unanticipated changes in direction since the 2010 commentary by GSH, which speculated on probiotics being ultimately utilized as “factories” capable of releasing pharmaceutical-grade metabolites with therapeutic potential for a wide range of primarily gastrointestinal disorders. Indeed, the unrelenting search for new alternatives to antibiotics has further stimulated the development of “next-generation” probiotics. <em>Postbiotics</em>, defined as inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on the host, remain at the forefront of current probiotic research, with increasing numbers of probiotic species, strains, and substrains now being identified and further exploited as <em>pharmabiotics</em>; probiotics with a proven pharmacologic role in health and disease that have been subjected to clinical trial prior to approval by regulatory bodies. However, perhaps the most unanticipated probiotic development over the past 15 y has been the emergence of <em>psychobiotics</em> with the potential to improve aspects of mental health, such as depression and anxiety, through the release of bioactive metabolites. Moreover, the recent identification of <em>pharmacobiotics</em>, probiotics capable of facilitating the effectiveness of conventional pharmaceutical drugs, is opening new avenues for probiotic applications to combat a range of diseases, including cancers of the digestive system. Although in its infancy, recent reports of <em>oncobiotics</em> with antineoplastic properties are further expanding the potential for certain next-generation probiotics to impact current cancer treatment regimens and possibly even contribute to cancer prevention. Looking to the next 15 y of probiotic development, one could perhaps predict the ultimate development of regulatory-approved <em>xenopostbiotic</em> formulations comprising metabolites with the capacity to improve digestive health, decrease the severity of intestinal disease, and increase the effectiveness of conventional pharmaceuticals, whilst simultaneously improving cognitive functioning and mental welfare. Although speculative, these xenopostbiotic formulations could prove especially effective for the adjunctive treatment of serious chronic diseases such as cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3163-3166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamics of Methylation Concentrations in Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Promoter from Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Their Association with Key Clinical Parameters","authors":"Yanmei Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Chuanyong Qu ,&nbsp;Mengli Chen ,&nbsp;Rongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated changes in methylation concentrations within the glutathione peroxidase 3 (<em>GPX3</em>) promoter region among patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (CHF). Peripheral blood samples were collected from 20 CHF patients and 20 healthy individuals for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, methylation concentrations of 11 CpG sites within the <em>GPX3</em> promoter region were quantified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed a significant increase in methylation at the <em>GPX3</em>_FA10_CpG_24 site in patients with CHF compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, a nonlinear dose–response relationship was observed between methylation concentrations at this site and key clinical parameters including serum apolipoprotein A-1, D-dimer, chlorine, potassium, and sodium (Na) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that aberrant methylation of the <em>GPX3</em> promoter may impact disease progression by influencing physiological functions such as blood lipids, coagulation, and electrolytes. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the role of <em>GPX3</em> promoter methylation in CHF pathogenesis, potentially contributing valuable insights for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition","volume":"154 11","pages":"Pages 3365-3374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}